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In the context of great changes in the food industry, the aim of this research is to investigate if and how the implementation of 4.0 enabling technologies can enhance the economic, environmental and social sustainability of the food sector. A systematic literature review, using a combination of 12 keywords, was carried out on Scopus database with defined inclusion and exclusion criteria in order to answer four selected research questions. Overall, 50 relevant papers were retrieved and analysed by Mendeley and Excel with descriptive statistics. VOSviewer was used for co-occurrence and co-authorship analysis. Results illustrate that the interest in the topic has grown, in particular in Italy, and resume the benefits achievable by the implementation of 4.0 technologies in food industries. Social impacts are new job positions, ergonomic design of workplaces, changes in educational institutions, improved nutrition and better animal welfare. Positive aspects are related even to economic growth, improving food chain performances and decreasing companies' costs. Finally, it allows energy, water, CO2 emissions and food savings. Overall, the work provides a helpful overview to food manufacturers and producers, recommending the introduction of I4.0 technologies to positively influence the sustainable development of the sector and remain competitive in the market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: One of the best ways to ensure food security is to reduce Food Loss and Waste (FLW). However, China still confronts numerous obstacles in food loss and waste study because of the intricate industrial chain, the wide range of accounting standards, and a lack of data, among other reasons. Methods: Using the literature analysis method, 119 literatures were collected and analyzed to examine the current status of FLW in China at various stages after food production and throughout the life cycle from the perspectives of time series and research areas. Results: The study indicates that the rates of FLW in China have been higher than 20% in recent years and are still increasing. Among them, the highest FLW rates were found in the harvesting stage (3–6%), storage stage (8–10%) and consumption stage (10–17%). In addition, FLW results in a huge waste of resource endowments. Discussion: The environment and resources are profoundly affected by these substantial food losses and wastes, leading to unnecessary depletion of resources. As China's focus on food loss and waste intensifies, an increasing number of academics are expected to delve into this area, exploring dimensions such as ecological footprint assessment, innovative uses for food waste, and gathering primary data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT A comprehensive review of a full developmental sequence of eodiscinid trilobites reported in recent decades from Cambrian Series 2 and 3 strata is presented. These mostly articulated specimens exhibit detailed morphologies with preservation of even delicate structures at different growth stages, such as the bacculae, axial pores, spine pores, pygidial marginal spines and line coaptative structures. Their trunk segmentation schedules displayed a consistent developmental mode in segment generation and liberation, that is tagmosis and somitogenesis occurred heterochronously after each moulting event, providing clues regarding the potential developmental strategy in isopygous and even macropygous trilobites. The fact that the rate of segmentation obviously exceeds that of articulation results in a seemingly prolonged process of the formation of thoracic segments, which might explain why eodiscinid trilobites have a fixed and limited number of thoracic segments. In addition, the relationship between enrollment mechanism and trunk segmentation during eodiscinid ontogeny confirms this highly unusual growth pattern among the Trilobita, revealing why these early‐diverging trilobites controlled the rate of segment increase and release during their life cycles, and is thus of interest with regard to the evolution of arthropod body patterning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The overarching purpose of carbon accounting is to reduce carbon emissions to meet net-zero targets and minimize the impact of climate change. However, the plethora of methods and approaches used means that products and systems sometimes cannot easily be compared. The mix of regional and life cycle-based systems can mean that we lack global oversight of our emissions and impact. In some situations where a regional approach is used, industry/business/regions are incentivized to reduce their own/territorial emissions, which can mean that an optimal global solution is not adopted. Countries where grid emissions are higher can be selected for production because it reduces regional (not global) carbon levels. Furthermore, these can be areas where the climate impact may be felt the most: not the just transition we aspire to. Our work provides an analysis of the current system together with its challenges and limitations, paving the way towards a more unified framework to create climate justice together with transparent and comparable accounting methodology for industry and regions alike. This article is part of the discussion meeting issue 'Green carbon for the chemical industry of the future'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractIn this study, the life cycle and performance of normal concrete containing 35% limestone and 2% gypsum made in different ratios of water to binder (w/b) were examined. Its cost and CO2 emissions were found to be 13% and 35% lower compared to the control concrete. However, because of the greater replacement of cement with limestone filler, there is a reduction in its workability, the development of heat and strength, and the penetration resistance of water and chloride ions, especially in the early ages. The addition of gypsum marginally improved these concrete properties, but its quantity should be limited to 2% by weight of the binder. The use of gypsum beyond this limit led to a significant decrease in the properties of concrete. Anorthite, a calcium aluminosilicate mineral, was found in this concrete, and its fractured morphology was found to be more occupied with unreacted angular limestone particles. This low-carbon concrete showed an improvement in compressive strength with decreasing w/b ratios. The limestone reserve in India is abundant and spread evenly across its length and depth, and its use as the main replacement for cement in normal strength mixes would greatly reduce the impact of CO2 on the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Life history is defined by traits that reflect key components of fitness, especially those relating to reproduction and survival. Research in life history seeks to unravel the relationships among these traits and understand how life history strategies evolve to maximize fitness. As such, life history research integrates the study of the genetic and developmental mechanisms underlying trait determination with the evolutionary and ecological context of Darwinian fitness. As a leading model organism for molecular and developmental genetics, Caenorhabditis elegans is unmatched in the characterization of life history-related processes, including developmental timing and plasticity, reproductive behaviors, sex determination, stress tolerance, and aging. Building on recent studies of natural populations and ecology, the combination of C. elegans ' historical research strengths with new insights into trait variation now positions it as a uniquely valuable model for life history research. In this review, we summarize the contributions of C. elegans and related species to life history and its evolution. We begin by reviewing the key characteristics of C. elegans life history, with an emphasis on its distinctive reproductive strategies and notable life cycle plasticity. Next, we explore intraspecific variation in life history traits and its underlying genetic architecture. Finally, we provide an overview of how C. elegans has guided research on major life history transitions both within the genus Caenorhabditis and across the broader phylum Nematoda. While C. elegans is relatively new to life history research, significant progress has been made by leveraging its distinctive biological traits, establishing it as a highly cross-disciplinary system for life history studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from Thailand's biomass pellet production were comprehensively assessed, with a specific focus on wood and corn pellets. Employing the extended input and output tables, the anticipated economic and environmental effects of the rising demand for biomass pellets within the Asia–Pacific Economic Cooperation region, which is projected to see an increase exceeding 33% by the year 2050, were investigated. The estimations of CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions, which were conducted utilizing an open Leontief model based on the 2015 National Input–Output Tables, covered each stage of the production process. The results show that emissions from the production of corn pellets are expected to rise steadily, from 52.91 MtCO2e in 2022 to 75.77 MtCO2e by 2030, whereas emissions from wood pellet production are set to increase more substantially, from 210.30 to 301.18 MtCO2e within the same timeframe. Data derived from surveys and interviews with corn farmers and wood pellet manufacturers informed the lifecycle data for the biomass pellet supply chain from cradle to gate. The findings suggest that Thailand's power sector could benefit significantly from the biomass potential in the northern part of Thailand, which boasts an estimated energy content of corncob at 39 ktoe (0.0016 TJ). Market demand scenarios were explored in two forms: one where it was assumed that all biomass pellets are to be exported to Japan and South Korea, expecting a combined demand of approximately 560,262 tons by 2030, and another positing that 10% of production will be reserved for the domestic market, with a forecasted annual increase of 10% from 2020 to 2050. This paper highlights the need to prioritize low-emission renewable energy sources, expand technologies with lower lifecycle emissions, optimize the biomass supply chain to enhance efficiency, and introduce sustainable energy practices. The detailed GHG emissions analysis provides critical insights for policy formulation, underscoring the importance of sustainable transitions in the context of increasing biomass demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The literature about mollusc-parasite interactions is focused on species affecting human health, such as trematodes on freshwater snails as intermediate hosts. Far less attention has been paid to parasite-snail interactions in terrestrial habitats. Here we present the first observation of a sciomyzid larva of Limnia unguicornis, parasitizing a vulnerable, tiny air-breading snail, Vertigo moulinsiana (strictly protected by Polish law). Sciomyzids are almost exclusively malacophagous but their biology and ecology are understudied. Thus, we have reviewed the available information on Limnia species and discussed the results of our research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the overlooked habitat of macroalgae in sand grains, specifically focusing on the life cycle of Monostroma angicava in northern Japan. The study reveals that microscopic codiolum sporophytes of M. angicava bore into calcareous sand grains during the summer, showcasing a unique endolithic lifestyle. The research highlights the ecological significance of sand grains as a seasonal habitat for macroalgal life cycle stages, shedding light on the adaptive strategies and dispersal modes of these organisms in coastal ecosystems. [Extracted from the article]

The green alga Pediastrum duplex forms colonies through asexual reproduction and has a unique life cycle. To elucidate the mechanisms that regulate the asexual reproductive cycle in P. duplex, we analyzed the effects of light on the processes and gene expression involved in each step of the asexual reproductive cycle, revealing light irradiation to be essential for increasing the number of colonies. Among the processes in the asexual reproductive cycle, the transition from cell hypertrophy to zoospore formation could proceed even in the dark if glucose was added to the medium. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the expression of different groups of genes was significantly promoted or suppressed before and after the number of colonies increased. Our findings indicate that the asexual reproductive cycle of P. duplex includes a process promoted by photosynthesis. This study enhances our understanding of the growth characteristics of P. duplex and other microalgae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conservation of threatened plant species needs precise monitoring studies to assess population trends and improve management strategies. Here, we investigated the viability of employing high-accuracy RTK-GPS technology for demographic evaluation of Euphorbia fontqueriana, a critically endangered species of the western Mediterranean Basin. Our study aimed to evaluate the utility of RTK-GPS technology, compare its applicability with traditional methods, and determine its impact on decision-making in conservation. We used permanent plots and comprehensive field surveys to monitor population dynamics, and transitions between plant stages and vital rates were recorded and analysed. Results revealed a positive population trend for E. fontqueriana, contrasting with previous studies. Vegetative stage was the most representative of the population, and high survival rates were observed for vegetative and reproductive individuals. Elasticity analysis showed higher value for vegetative stage. The study underscores the importance of employing high-accuracy plant monitoring methods for effective conservation assessments and emphasizes the potential of RTK-GPS technology in enhancing conservation efforts for threatened plant species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional airport development planning often overlooks an in-depth consideration of the airport operation life cycle, which frequently causes deviations from planned objectives during operation. This paper presents a framework for predicting and segmenting the airport operation life cycle by integrating the dynamic characteristics of the System Dynamics (SD) model with the static properties of Logistic modeling to examine the development trajectory of airport operations. The influencing factors in this model are selected across three levels: airport, city, and macro-environment. A system dynamics model of airport operation is constructed using causal loop diagrams and system flow diagrams. Using Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport (CAN) as a case study, the airport's operational capacity from 2005 to 2035 is predicted through SD simulation. Subsequently, the airport operation life cycle from 2005 to 2050 is forecasted and segmented using Logistic modeling. The results indicate that, under the standard scenario, CAN's operational capacity experiences two declines in 2016 and 2020, attributed to airport construction and emergencies. Logistic modeling identifies three distinct life cycle phases in the airport's operation. Furthermore, by comparing various airport operation scenarios, the analysis reveals that fluctuations in the city economy significantly impact the airport's operational system without altering its overall development trajectory. In contrast, the occurrence of emergencies can substantially modify the airport operation life cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relative rates of sexual versus asexual reproduction influence the partitioning of genetic diversity within and among populations. During range expansions, asexual reproduction often facilitates colonization and establishment. The arrival of the green alga Avrainvillea lacerata has caused shifts in habitat structure and community assemblages since its discovery in 1981 offshore of Oʻahu, Hawai‘i. Field observations suggest this species is spreading via vegetative reproduction. To characterize the reproductive system of A. lacerata in Hawai‘i, we developed seven microsatellite loci and genotyped 321 blades collected between 2018 and 2023 from three intertidal sites at Maunalua Bay and ʻEwa Beach. We observed one to four alleles at multiple loci, suggesting A. lacerata is tetraploid. Each site was characterized by high genotypic richness (R > 0.8). However, clonal rates were also high, suggesting the vegetative spread of A. lacerata plays a significant role. The importance of clonal reproduction for the persistence of A. lacerata in Hawai‘i is consistent with the ecological data collected for this species and observations of other abundant macroalgal invaders in Hawai‘i and other regions of the world. These data demonstrate the necessity for implementing appropriate population genetic methods and provide insights into the biology of this alga that will contribute to future studies on effective management strategies incorporating its reproductive system. This study represents one of the few that investigate green algal population genetic patterns and contributes to our understanding of algal reproductive system evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reintroducing endangered species constitutes an important conservation tool. The performance of reintroduced populations is commonly assessed through mean demographic rates (survival, growth, reproduction and fecundity), but rate correlations are less studied despite their role in extinction risk and trait evolution. In our study, we reintroduced the endangered shrub Vella pseudocytisus subsp. paui in two locations in Spain and compared its demographic performance to that of two natural populations to assess reintroduction success. In both natural and reintroduced sites, we selected sub‐locations with presumably more favourable (clay) vs. more stressful (gypsum) soil conditions. We monitored a total of 1269 individuals in natural (12 years) and reintroduced populations (6 years) and compared their mean demographic rates and the within‐individual rate correlations between years. In clay substrate, mean demographic rates of the natural and the reintroduced population were similar, suggesting a successful reintroduction. In contrast, the reintroduced population in gypsum showed higher reproduction and fecundity than the natural population, but lower survival and growth. Contrary to mean demographic performance, interannual correlations among demographic rates did not vary between natural and reintroduced populations. While reproduction in a given year was positively correlated with later growth and later reproduction, growth in a given year had some negative consequences in subsequent plant performance, especially in gypsum substrate. Synthesis and applications. Our study shows that stressful conditions may trigger individual‐level trade‐offs in resource allocation and population‐level compensation among demographic rates. Demographic shifts arising from reintroductions in different environmental conditions may be considered by managers as a potential mechanism of resilience against environmental change. Finally, the similarity in rate correlations among sites suggests that information about correlations, which can be relevant when focusing conservation efforts, may be extrapolated from natural to reintroduced populations. This might be particularly reliable for species where rate correlations are demographically influential, such as those living under generally stressful conditions, or lacking buffering mechanisms for demographic variation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The establishment and spread of plants in their native or alien geographical ranges are determined by their germination. This study investigated the impact of different factors on variations in cardinal temperatures. We used the lm procedure and measured the effect size by the Eta-square approach to find the association of different factors (species, ecotypes, origin (native/alien), year, and life cycle) with the cardinal temperatures of 31 species. Our results showed that the base, optimum, and maximum temperatures responded differently to these factors. The base temperature was less impacted by ecotypes compared with the optimum and maximum temperatures, whereas the species had a higher impact on the variation in the base temperature. The effect of the origin of weedy plants on the base temperature was higher than the optimum and maximum temperatures. The effect of the year on the optimum temperature was more prominent than that on the base and maximum temperatures. The results confirmed that weedy alien plants preferred high and narrow ranges of base, optimum, and maximum temperatures and probably will be more problematic in summer crops. The results indicate that alien plants can benefit from warmer conditions in invaded areas at the germination stage. These findings lay the foundation for further studies to elucidate which factors are more important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the breeding sites of anurans, factors at the microhabitat scale can exhibit variations over the years, resulting in temporal fluctuations within these sites. These fluctuations may lead to modifications in "normal larval development" and observable phenotypic changes. These developmental alterations appear to have evolved as shared strategies for achieving reproductive success and ensuring the survival of offspring. In a population of Boana cordobae inhabiting the Central Pampean Sierras (Córdoba, Argentina), the coexistence of pre‐ and prometamorphic tadpoles throughout the year, coupled with variations in size and shape within the same developmental stage, has led us to question about the duration of the larval period, variations in the timing of developmental events, and the possible existence of distinct larval morphs for this species. Utilizing data collected over four consecutive years from various locations, we described the development, growth, and larval morphology using both linear and geometric morphometrics during the pre‐ and prometamorphic stages. Our aim was to comprehend how anuran larvae in predictable environments synchronize the timing of their phenotypic transformations with external conditions. We identified two distinct cohorts: spring–summer and autumn–spring, each exhibiting distinct rates of growth and development until metamorphosis, resulting in size discrepancies. Moreover, the physical attributes of the breeding sites influenced the size of the tadpoles. However, the observed variation in shape was not related to the ontogenetic period, cohort, or developmental site. Ultimately, the observed variations had no impact on the morphology at metamorphosis. The comprehensive data gathered from our observations in B. cordobae yield valuable insights that contribute to a deeper comprehension of anuran larval development under natural conditions where changes are predictable and follow a regular pattern throughout the year, ultimately maximizing reproductive success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The life cycle of a microgrid covers all the stages from idea to implementation, through exploitation until the end of its life, with a lifespan of around 25 years. Covering them usually requires several software tools, which can make the integration of results from different stages difficult and may imply costs being hard to estimate from the beginning of a project. This paper proposes a unified platform composed of four modules developed in MATLAB 2022b, designed to assist all the processes a microgrid passes through during its lifetime. This entire platform can be used by a user with low IT knowledge, because it is completed with fill-in-the-blank alone, as a major advantage. The authors detail the architecture, functions and development of the platform, either by highlighting the novel integration of existing MATLAB tools or by developing new ones and designing new user interfaces linked with scripts based on its complex mathematical libraries. By consolidating processes into a single platform, the proposed solution enhances integration, reduces complexity and provides better cost predictability throughout the project's duration. A proof-of-concept for this platform was presented by applying the life-cycle assessment process on a real-case study, a microgrid consisting of a photovoltaic plant, and an office building as the consumer and energy storage units. This platform has also been developed by involving students within summer internships, as a process strengthening the cooperation between industry and academia. Being an open-source application, the platform will be used within the educational process, where the students will have the possibility to add functionalities, improve the graphical representation, create new reports, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a vital crop with enormous economic and nutritional importance in Nepal and worldwide. The yellow stem borer (YSB), Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is a monophagous severe pest that poses a substantial threat to rice crops, causing significant yield losses by its larva feeding on stems and tillers. This review covers the life cycle, distribution, damage, and management and control strategies of YSB. YSB primarily targets rice plants, causing symptoms like dead hearts and whiteheads. Integrated pest management (IPM) strategies are crucial for effective YSB control. Cultural practices include selecting resistant rice varieties, using Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) incorporated transgenic rice plants, synchronizing planting to reduce generations, and promoting natural enemies by conserving their habitats. Mechanical methods involve pheromone and light traps to disrupt mating and reduce adult populations. Biological control methods utilize natural predators like beetles and spiders and parasitoids such as Cotesia flavipes and Trichogramma spp. In contrast, chemical control involves targeted insecticide application when pest populations reach economic threshold levels that is when 5–10% dead hearts are seen. The article emphasizes the importance of IPM techniques in reducing YSB infestation and fostering sustainable rice production. These approaches not only help to lower the YSB population but also contribute to environmental preservation and long-term agricultural viability. As rice is a staple food for millions, effective management of YSB becomes crucial for guaranteeing food security and livelihoods across the globe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By multivariate econometric analysis of UK offshore wind farms, we demonstrate a life cycle effect of the capacity factor of offshore wind. From the bathtub curve findings in reliability engineering, we would expect a long, flat segment of stable operation in the middle of the life cycle production schedule. Our general findings deviate from the standard curve as it does not have a long segment where production is stable. Production starts falling too early. Lack of stable operation period is harmful to wind farm economics. It indicates immature technology and a potential for improvement. We examine the effect life cycle production schedules have on project economics and compare with a common assumption of a flat production schedule. We find that project profitability (net present value) is very sensitive to the life cycle profile of production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lyme disease, the most prevalent tick‐borne disease in North America, is caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi, and in the eastern and central United States, it is spread to humans by the black‐legged tick (Ixodes scapularis). Due to the complex, multiyear and multihost life cycle of this species, a matrix modeling approach is needed to effectively estimate subseasonal, multistage survival and transition dynamics in order to better understand and predict when population growth is high. Of the three questing tick life stages (larvae, nymphs, and adults), nymphs are most often associated with transmitting the bacteria to humans, and previous work suggests a mix of abiotic and biotic drivers are associated with nymph abundance. However, understanding tick population growth requires understanding mortality and transition probabilities for each stage and each stage may be individually and uniquely impacted by climate and host availability. A larval tick, for example, may experience warming temperatures differently than nymph or adults, because they are present on the landscape at different times. Here, we describe and validate a model that accounts for field sampling design and evaluates abiotic (temperature, relative humidity, precipitation) and biotic (host abundance) drivers of variation in tick population growth. To account for the drivers of subseasonal and interannual variability in demography, phenology, and population density, we built stage‐structured population models that account for variability in meteorology and host population abundance throughout the full tick lifecycle. Our model is fit and validated with 11 years of tick and host data from the northeastern United States. In this context, we found that a four‐stage model that includes unique transitions to and from a dormant, overwintering nymph state outperforms a model that only includes the three questing stages, and that incorporating the abundance of the predominant host species, Peromyscus leucopus, and weather variables improved predictions and model fit. Additionally, the model accurately predicted all three questing stages at sites different than where they were calibrated, showing that this model structure is generally transferable. Overall, this model lays a foundation for the real‐time iterative forecasting of tick populations needed to effectively protect public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The performance of structures degrades during their service life due to deterioration and extreme events, compromising the social development and economic growth of structure and infrastructure systems. Buildings and bridges play a vital role in the socioeconomic development of the built environment. Hence, it is essential to understand existing tools and methodologies to efficiently model the performance of these structures during their life cycle. In this context, this paper aims to explore the existing literature on the life-cycle performance modeling, assessment, enhancement, and decision making of buildings and bridge infrastructure systems under deterioration and extreme events for a sustainable and resilient built environment. The main objectives are to (1) systematically review the existing literature on life-cycle performance modeling of buildings and bridges based on the PRISMA methodology, (2) provide a bibliometric analysis of the systematically assessed journal articles, (3) perform an analysis of the included articles based on the identified components of life-cycle performance modeling, and (4) provide a discussion on the utilized tools, techniques, methodologies, and frameworks for buildings and bridge infrastructure systems in the life-cycle context. The provided systematic literature review and subsequent discussions could provide an overview to the reader regarding the individual components and existing methodologies of life-cycle performance management under deterioration and extreme events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rachiplusia nu Guenée is a polyphagous species able to develop on several cultivated and non-cultivated host plants. However, basic life history information about this pest on hosts is scarce. In this study, R. nu larvae did not survive on leaves of non-Bt corn, wheat, Bt cotton that expresses proteins Cry1Ac+Cry2Ab2 or on Intacta2 Xtend soybean that expresses the Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2/Cry1Ac proteins. Rachiplusia nu showed a viable egg-to-adult biological cycle (54%–66.3%) on non-Bt soybean, sunflower, canola, vetch, Persian clover, alfalfa, bean, and forage turnip hosts, similar to larvae raised on the artificial diet. In addition, R. nu was unable to complete larval development on non-Bt cotton, and only 45.2% of R. nu larvae reached the pupal stage when fed leaves of intacta RR2 PRO soybean that expresses the Cry1Ac protein. Larval and pupal mass of surviving insects on Cry1Ac soybean leaves were also lower (larval: 0.104 g; pupal: 0.099 g) in relation to other food sources (larval: 0.165–0.189 g; pupal: 0.173–0.192 g). The total fecundity of R. nu on Cry1Ac soybean leaves was ≈65% lower in relation to other food sources. This fact caused ≈60% the net reproductive rate (R o ) and intrinsic rate of increase (r m ) when compared to other food sources. Our findings indicate that the Cry1Ac soybean negatively affects the biological parameters of R. nu. Non-Bt soybean, sunflower, canola, vetch, Persian clover, alfalfa, bean, and forage turnip are viable food sources for the survival and development of R. nu. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of global low-carbon development, reducing rural residential carbon emissions is the key to implementing emission reduction policies. In order to reduce carbon emissions from rural housing, a carbon emission classification method based on residential life cycle assessment is proposed based on the characteristics of rural housing in China. Its innovation lies in achieving precise analysis of carbon emissions from multiple stages of residential design, construction, and use. Secondly, introducing a lifecycle based emission reduction planning strategy to achieve a new pattern of low-carbon emission reduction in rural residential areas. Taking a rural residential building as a case study, in the early stage of implementing emission reduction, the mean values of the initial carbon emissions corresponding to building energy consumption, energy consumption, and resident living habits were 689, 691, and 683, with standard deviations of 81, 79, and 84. After implementing emission reduction plans, the values decreased to 686, 674, and 631, respectively, with standard deviations reduced to 28, 32, and 13. It was evident that emission reduction planning not only significantly reduced the mean carbon emissions but also substantially decreases their variability, enhancing the stability of carbon emissions. This research contributed to a deeper understanding of the carbon emissions from rural residential life cycles and provides theoretical support and data references for the formulation and implementation of more scientific and effective emission reduction planning. Simultaneously, it promoted low-carbon development in rural areas of China, achieving a harmonious coexistence of economic and social development with environmental protection and contributing to global low-carbon development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We studied the development of sporocysts of the trematode Leucochloridium paradoxum. For this purpose, their life cycle was traced experimentally. Eggs obtained from adult trematodes raised in chicks (Gallus gallus domesticus) were used to infect snails (Succinea putris, laboratory strain). Histological studies of sporocysts were conducted for 95 days after exposure. During this time, the embryos of sporocysts developed into a small stolon filled with numerous metacercarial embryos. We found that miracidia hatched in the stomach and in the proximal part of the snail's midgut. After the larvae migrated into the area of the hepatopancreas, their body was destroyed, and germinal cells were released. They cleaved to form the embryos of sporocysts, in which only metacercarial embryos developed. Our study showed that these trematodes lack the parasitic phase of the mother sporocyst and have only one generation of parthenitae, the daughter sporocysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Buildings have become the focal point of sustainability because they consume large amounts of natural resources, especially materials and energy, and produce waste throughout their life cycle. Efforts to make buildings sustainable begin with the sustainability of the materials that govern most of the construction management process. In this study, an attempt was made to determine the importance levels of the criteria to be considered in the sustainability of building materials in Türkiye. To achieve this, a survey was conducted to assess the significance of 25 criteria, grouped under environmental, social, and economic categories, in terms of sustainability. The survey was conducted with the participation of 50 people from different professions and with different demographic characteristics, and whether participant opinions differed according to demographic characteristics was examined through inferential analyses. The inferential analyses revealed that the views differed for the work experience and only on economic criteria, and that there was no differentiation according to gender, age, education level and profession. Therefore, it was concluded that the results could be generalized, and the relative importance values of the criteria were established. While water conservation ranks first among all criteria, including environmental, accessibility among social criteria and longterm savings among economic criteria have been determined to be the most important criteria. The results revealed which criteria should be taken into consideration in the sustainability of building materials in order to make the construction industry more sustainable. In this context, the study is anticipated to serve as a valuable resource for governments, local authorities, producers, designers, and end users. It aims to address the existing gap in the literature regarding the sustainability assessment of building materials in Türkiye. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fungal primary pathogenicity on vertebrates is here described as a deliberate strategy where the host plays a role in increasing the species' fitness. Opportunism is defined as the coincidental survival of an individual strain in host tissue using properties that are designed for life in an entirely different habitat. In that case, the host's infection control is largely based on innate immunity, and the etiologic agent is not transmitted after infection, and thus fungal evolution is not possible. Primary pathogens encompass two types, depending on their mode of transmission. Environmental pathogens have a double life cycle, and tend to become enzootic, adapted to a preferred host in a particular habitat. In contrast, pathogens that have a host-to-host transmission pattern are prone to shift to a neighboring, immunologically naive host, potentially leading to epidemics. Beyond these prototypical life cycles, some environmental fungi are able to make large leaps between dissimilar hosts/habitats, probably due to the similarity of key factors enabling survival in an entirely different niche, and thus allowing a change from opportunistic to primary pathogenicity. Mostly, such factors seem to be associated with extremotolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research has shown that sexting is an increasingly common behavior, especially among teens and young adults. However, despite numerous studies, the relevance of sexting to people's well-being is unclear. The present study seeks to determine the relevance of gender in sexting behavior and its association with psychological well-being and intimate partner violence victimization across the life cycle, from adolescence to old age. This study was cross-sectional, and the sample consisted of 6719 women and men from the general Spanish population who were assessed by six questionnaires measuring sexting behavior, psychological distress, psychological well-being, life satisfaction, self-esteem, and intimate partner violence victimization. The results showed that participation in sexting was higher in men than in women at all stages of the life cycle studied, although the differences were not statistically significant among adolescents. Greater sexting behavior was associated with greater intimate partner violence victimization, an association that was stronger for adolescents. And although the magnitude of the association was small, more sexting was also associated with greater psychological distress and lower psychological well-being in all age groups except older women. Our study results allow us to conclude that sexting behavior may pose risks to the well-being of citizens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As Chinese cities undergo a transition from incremental development to retrofit development and urban governance tends to be more refined, the renovation mode of old residential communities is also under the transformation from large-scale bulldozer demolition and reconstruction to small-scale refined renovation and regeneration. However, the practice of micro community renovation has encountered a number of challenges throughout the implementation process, including conflicts between multiple stakeholders in the initial stage of planning, unconcordance between different implementation bodies in the intermediate stage of construction, and the lack of guarantee mechanisms in the later stage of maintenance. Based on the concept of life cycle, this paper divides the practical process of micro community renovation into seven steps, i.e., establishing communal platforms, identifying community features, cultivating communal organizations, designing community activities, formulating planning schemes, conducting participatory constructions, and establishing long-lasting mechanisms. It takes the Gejiaying Community in Wuhan as a case to verify the above analysis, in the hope of providing a reference for the current practice of urban regeneration and community renovation in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have demonstrated that SAMHD1 (sterile alpha motif and histidineaspartic domain HD-containing protein 1) is a restriction factor for the human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) life cycle. Here, we demonstrate that in HPV-negative cervical cancer C33a cells and human foreskin keratinocytes immortalized by HPV16 (HFK+HPV16), SAMHD1 is recruited to E1-E2 replicating DNA. Homologous recombination (HR) factors are required for HPV16 replication, and viral replication promotes phosphorylation of SAMHD1, which converts it from a dNTPase to an HR factor independent from E6/E7 expression. A SAMHD1 phospho-mimic (SAMHD1 T592D) reduces E1-E2-mediated DNA replication in C33a cells and has enhanced recruitment to the replicating DNA. In HFK+HPV16 cells, SAMHD1 T592D is recruited to the viral DNA and attenuates cellular growth, but does not attenuate growth in isogenic HFK cells immortalized by E6/E7 alone. SAMHD1 T592D also attenuates the development of viral replication foci following keratinocyte differentiation. The results indicated that enhanced SAMHD1 phosphorylation could be therapeutically beneficial in cells with HPV16 replicating genomes. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) can dephosphorylate SAMHD1, and PP2A function can be inhibited by endothall. We demonstrate that endothall reduces E1-E2 replication and promotes SAMHD1 recruitment to E1-E2 replicating DNA, mimicking the SAMHD1 T592D phenotypes. Finally, we demonstrate that in head and neck cancer cell lines with HPV16 episomal genomes, endothall attenuates their growth and promotes recruitment of SAMHD1 to the viral genome. The results suggest that targeting cellular phosphatases has therapeutic potential for the treatment of HPV infections and cancers. IMPORTANCE Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are causative agents in around 5% of all human cancers. The development of anti-viral therapeutics depends upon an increased understanding of the viral life cycle. Here, we demonstrate that HPV16 replication converts sterile alpha motif and histidine-aspartic domain HD-containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) into a homologous recombination (HR) factor via phosphorylation. This phosphorylation promotes recruitment of SAMHD1 to viral DNA to assist with replication. A SAMHD1 mutant that mimics phosphorylation is hyper-recruited to viral DNA and attenuates viral replication. Expression of this mutant in HPV16-immortalized cells attenuates the growth of these cells, but not cells immortalized by the viral oncogenes E6/E7 alone. Finally, we demonstrate that the phosphatase inhibitor endothall promotes hyper-recruitment of endogenous SAMHD1 to HPV16 replicating DNA and can attenuate the growth of both HPV16-immortalized human foreskin keratinocytes (HFKs) and HPV16-positive head and neck cancer cell lines. We propose that phosphatase inhibitors represent a novel tool for combating HPV infections and disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public procurement plays a crucial role in national economies, as it represents a significant share of public spending. Governments can thus use this considerable purchasing power to promote environmental sustainability, social responsibility, and economic efficiency, while encouraging the supplier market to innovate and adopt more sustainable practices to remain competitive, and to generate more resilient supply chains. Given the interdisciplinary nature of the subject of sustainable public procurement (SPP), the documentation is abundant and diverse, hence the need for an updated literature review especially in the aftermath of the COVID-19 crisis period. This article consists of a systematic literature review focusing on articles with an empirical approach. The results reveal, among other things, 8 main research themes subdivided into 19 sub-themes, with a dominance of literature on the obstacles and incentives related to the implementation of SPP, while those concerning e-procurement and the analysis of the social life cycle remain relatively limited. The study also underscores the role of local economies and SMEs in public procurement strategies. It highlights a trend towards geographical diversification, indicating the global significance of SPP, with noticeable differences in adoption between developed and developing countries. The review calls for future research to focus on developing practical frameworks and tools for integrating sustainability more comprehensively in public procurement. The findings illuminate the pivotal role of SPP as a mechanism steering societies towards a sustainable, resilient, and equitable future, particularly in a post-pandemic world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study seeks to examine the interaction among three separate variables. The initial variable relates to the organization's life cycle and financial attributes. The second variable pertains to the procedures of firm management that influence performance and financial condition, as demonstrated by earnings management. Investors manage the impact of the previous two factors by weighing the risks and potential gains, which the corporation terms as "the cost of equity." We utilized these variables to analyze 15 Iraqi commercial banks that have been listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange for 10 years, equivalent to 150 observations. Our quantitative assessment of the study variables, conducted using models from the relevant literature, has yielded significant findings. We have uncovered a direct correlation between the life cycle and earnings management, indicating a beneficial association. Moreover, we have revealed that each factor exerts a unique and favourable influence on the cost of equity. The correlation between the life cycle and earnings management has led to an increase in the favourable influence of earnings management on the cost of equity. Conversely, the life cycle now has an inverse impact on the cost of equity, with the cost of equity being mainly influenced by the maturity stage. These findings have important implications for stock market traders, as they guide them to direct their investments towards banks that offer higher returns relative to the level of risk, considering the age group and the administration's approach to managing announced profits. This study's implications for stock market traders are significant, as it provides them with valuable insights for making informed investment decisions. It also serves as a guide for future studies in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a method for creating the system architecture of existing industrial objects based on Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) principles. The method aims to form a digital representation of physical objects, which is crucial in the digital transformation of industrial enterprises. It allows for the accurate reflection of all components, processes, functions, and interrelationships within an object. The methodology includes stages of data collection, structuring, development of ontological models, and the integration of a comprehensive system architecture into the digital space. This method was tested using a small hydroelectric power plant, revealing its key advantages and disadvantages and identifying areas for further improvement. The main findings indicate a significant improvement in understanding the system architecture for scenario modeling and digital operation of the objects. Despite challenges such as the need for multiple iterations and high data requirements, the methodology demonstrates the potential for applying MBSE in the digital transformation of existing industrial objects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper uses business segment revenue data to examine the determinants of firm diversification over firm life cycles and whether diversification affects the survival of the firm. I analyze the life cycles and diversification choices of 727 firms that had their initial public offerings in 1998 and 1999 for twenty-one years. The results of this paper provide evidence of the life cycle theory of diversification in that firms are more likely to be diversified in the Mature life cycle stage and less likely to be diversified in the Introduction stage, regardless of the firm's age. The paper's results also support the agency theory of diversification, as diversifying firms are less likely to be acquired but not less likely to have a negative ending. A higher degree of diversification is related to a decreased likelihood of the firm being acquired. Firms that focus on creating growth opportunities with their diversification are less likely to be acquired than those that diversify by growing their existing business segments. JEL classification codes: G3, G32, G33, G34 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rice samples infested with saw-toothed grain beetles have been collected from a local market in the city of Kirkuk/Iraq. The study was conducted in Kirkuk during the period 15 December 2023 to 25 April 2024, at College of Pure Sciences at the University of Kirkuk, Iraq. Chitosan was utilised in the study to examine its toxic effects at three different concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 ppm) on the life cycle of the saw-toothed grain beetle, focusing on oviposition rate, duration of larval and pupal stages, and mortality rate of its adults. The chemical demonstrated a substantial effect in lowering the number of eggs laid as the concentration increased, with the control treatment registering the highest oviposition rate of 314.14 eggs compared to 209.31, 117.03, and 61.12 eggs for chitosan concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 ppm, respectively. The shortest egg incubation period recorded was 8.17 days, Incubation times for chitosan treatments increased significantly to 9.66, 11.69, and 14.00 days for concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 ppm, respectively, demonstrating an inverse association with concentration levels. Furthermore, the emergence rate of beetles decreased as concentration increased. The emergence counts for the chitosan treatments at concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 ppm dropped to 133.11, 55.69, and 30.12 beetles, respectively, with the control treatment having the highest average emergence of 289.43 beetles. The larval stage duration showed a direct proportionality with chitosan concentrations, with the 1.5 ppm concentration marking the longest larval duration at 22.00 days, significantly surpassing all other concentrations. The control treatment recorded the shortest duration at 13.56 days, whereas 0.5 and 1.0 ppm concentrations resulted in duration of 17.19 and 19.66 days, respectively. For the pupal stage, significant differences were observed with increasing chitosan concentration; the control treatment displayed the shortest pupal duration at 4.33 days. A direct relationship was found between the concentrations and pupal stage duration, reducing the period to 6.00, 7.59, and 9.07 days for concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 ppm, respectively. Chitosan exhibited significant differences from the second day of the experiment, as the mortality rate increased with concentration and over time. The concentration of 1.5 ppm showed the highest mortality rate at 98.62% after 16 days, whereas the control treatment recorded the lowest rate at 33.17%. Based on the results of the current study, chitosan can be utilized as an effective pesticide for controlling stored-product pests, particularly the saw-toothed grain beetle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Mining Magazine is the property of China Mining Magazine Co., Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Circularity has emerged as a pivotal concept in the realm of sustainable resource management and business operations. Resource exhaustion and environmental degradation propelled by globalization and the culture of consumerism have intensified the focus on the concept of the circular economy around the world. Nevertheless, the evaluation and quantification of circularity achievements remain uncommon in corporate practices. This article employs a systematic literature review to delve into circularity measurements in the managerial life cycle. Key approaches emerging from the academic literature are examined, including life cycle costing, life cycle assessment, life cycle cost–benefit, life cycle benefit analysis, and life cycle sustainability assessment. The review seeks to offer a comprehensive overview of the methodologies employed to assess circularity in corporate processes, highlighting current challenges and opportunities for effective implementation. We adopt a conceptual model of sustainable and circular life cycle management based on specific performance indicators that allow the environmental, social, and economic impact of processes to be assessed throughout the life cycle of products or services. The implementation of Sustainable and Circular Life Cycle Management from a managerial perspective could support firms to eradicate and quantify waste, preserve the inherent value of products and materials, encourage the adoption of renewable energies, and eliminate harmful chemicals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The marine parasitic nematode Anisakis simplex has a complex life cycle including marine mammals (mainly cetaceans) as definitive hosts, invertebrates (e.g., copepods and euphausiids) as the first paratenic hosts, and a wide range of fish species acting as second paratenic hosts. During the life cycle, the larva encounters a wide range of biotic (host immune factors and microelectric activity) and abiotic conditions (temperature and pH). We hypothesized that these factors may explain the differential behaviour of the nematode, recognized during the different life cycle stages. In this study, third-stage larvae (L3) of A. simplex were isolated from freshly caught Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) from FAO zone 27. We exposed nematodes to different pH values (pH 2 to 9) at different temperature levels (4, 14, 21 and 37 °C), electric currents (6 mA, 12 mA, 18 mA) and different concentrations of fish immune cells. The nematode larvae exhibited significantly differential behaviour (stretched non-aggregated, spiral non-aggregated and aggregated) and activity levels when exposed to the different physicochemical conditions. We recorded negative correlations between activity and pH (maximum at pH 2) and positive correlations between activity and temperature (maximum at 37 °C). The nematode larvae were affected when exposed to electricity and fish immune cells. Electric currents at 6 mA induced minor changes, but at 12 mA and 18 mA, the majority or all nematode larvae aggregated and rolled up into spirals. Exposure to leukocytes, isolated from rainbow trout head kidney and spleen, induced a similar concentration-dependent spiralling process in larvae. We discuss these behavioural patterns of A. simplex as adaptations to conditions encountered by the worm larvae during the different stages of their complex life cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, motivated by widespread declines in wild bees, ecologists have prioritized learning about patterns of wild bee communities across the landscape at the expense of learning about the population‐level mechanisms driving those patterns. In this essay, we seek to revitalize the tradition of studying wild bee populations in a way that both contributes key knowledge for bee conservation and builds a strong conceptual understanding of the processes underpinning bee populations. We address two widespread concerns about investing in population‐level research. First, that population‐level studies are too conceptually narrow to provide broad inference. If population‐level studies are couched in general ecological theory, then findings from a single species can be generalized to many. We highlight how wild bees would make excellent candidates for exploring five areas of general ideas in population ecology, including nutritional ecology, drivers of vital rates, phenology and voltinism, habitat selection, and movement. Second, we address the concern that methods for studying bees at the population level are too difficult to implement. Methods for conducting population‐level studies of bees—specifically, identifying living bees in the field and studying individuals throughout their life cycles—are feasible to implement at the scales appropriate for answering population‐level questions, for example, a few species at a few sites. To facilitate adoption of these ideas, we developed an online field guide (www.watchingbees.com) and a detailed methods manual. More generally, we emphasize the value of linking data‐rich pattern‐oriented approaches in ecology with an understanding of the basic biology and mechanisms that generate those patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a major contributor to global energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, the building sector is crucial in shaping energy and climate change policies. Understanding building energy consumption is essential for developing effective policies, and comprehensive datasets and analyses are increasingly important. This paper outlines a structured methodology for developing a sustainability assessment index for building energy efficiency retrofits throughout a building's life cycle, covering the design, construction, use, and out-of-use phases. It highlights the interdependencies among these phases, with the design plan influencing energy efficiency and material selection, the construction plan ensuring these goals are met, and the plans for energy management, demolition, and resource recovery focusing on sustainable practices. The keys to energy-efficient retrofits are sustainable materials, energy-efficient equipment, and green technologies, which help reduce energy consumption, emissions, and operating costs. Oversight and regulation are necessary to maintain standards. This research combines a literature review, surveys, interviews, the Delphi method, and an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to develop a comprehensive evaluation system, categorizing 20 factors across a building's life cycle and assigning weights based on environmental, economic, and social dimensions. The system provides a scientific basis for assessing the sustainability of energy efficiency programs, validated through consistency testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent studies show two important factors in the nonlinear behavior of cost and profit. The first factor is cost stickiness, which expresses economic asymmetry in the reaction of cost to increase and decrease in sales. The second factor is related to accounting conservatism, which indicates the asymmetry of financial reporting in identifying good news versus bad news. Although conservatism and cost stickiness are conceptually based on two different and separate phenomena, but they create two similar patterns in the temporal asymmetry of profits. This study examines the relationship between cost stickiness, levels of conservatism and firm life cycle. In this research, by using the combined data technique and by using three models of non-operating accrual items, Basu’s model and market value model, and with a sample consisting of 113 companies admitted in the Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2010-2019, this goal has been investigated. The research results indicate that the stickiness of costs is related to conservatism in all three models. The findings of the research show that in the growth stage between cost stickiness and conservatism of companies, there is a significant negative relationship in all three models, of which Basu’s model has more explanatory power. In the maturity stage, there is a negative and significant relationship between the stickiness of costs and the conservatism of companies in the Basu’s model and non-operating accruals, but no significant relationship has been observed in the market value model. In the recession stage, the effect of cost stickiness on the reduction of conservatism is significant only based on the market value model. Finally, in the decline stage, no significant relationship was found in any of the three models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arab Journal of Plant Protection is the property of Arab Society for Plant Protection and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Acanthocephalans in the polymorphid genus Bolbosoma Porta, 1908 utilize marine mammals and seabirds as the definitive host, and marine fish as the paratenic host. As in many other groups of acanthocephalans, morphology-based species identification at the cystacanth stage of Bolbosoma is challenging; at present, DNA barcoding is the most reliable approach for larval identification. However, sequence data currently available for Bolbosoma are scarce. In this study, we report the morphology and DNA sequence information (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and 18S rRNA genes) of Bolbosoma cystacanths from six marine fish species collected in Japan.

Abstract Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a vital crop with enormous economic and nutritional importance in Nepal and worldwide. The yellow stem borer (YSB), Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is a monophagous severe pest that poses a substantial threat to rice crops, causing significant yield losses by its larva feeding on stems and tillers. This review covers the life cycle, distribution, damage, and management and control strategies of YSB. YSB primarily targets rice plants, causing symptoms like dead hearts and whiteheads. Integrated pest management (IPM) strategies are crucial for effective YSB control. Cultural practices include selecting resistant rice varieties, using Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) incorporated transgenic rice plants, synchronizing planting to reduce generations, and promoting natural enemies by conserving their habitats. Mechanical methods involve pheromone and light traps to disrupt mating and reduce adult populations. Biological control methods utilize natural predators like beetles and spiders and parasitoids such as Cotesia flavipes and Trichogramma spp. In contrast, chemical control involves targeted insecticide application when pest populations reach economic threshold levels that is when 5–10% dead hearts are seen. The article emphasizes the importance of IPM techniques in reducing YSB infestation and fostering sustainable rice production. These approaches not only help to lower the YSB population but also contribute to environmental preservation and long-term agricultural viability. As rice is a staple food for millions, effective management of YSB becomes crucial for guaranteeing food security and livelihoods across the globe.

Modern businesses face various challenges, both from their environment and from within. By solving business problems, economic entities can act independently and also collaborate with other organizations, aiming for efficient and effective implementation of strategic and operational changes that make up programs, which have been growing in popularity in recent years. While the literature on the subject describes cooperation inthe implementation of programs between businesses, there is a research gap in relation to intersectoral cooperation for the scope being studied. This article aims to identify the process of initiating, defining, planning, delivering projects, renewal, and program project solutions using the example of a preincubation program. This program is implemented by a manufacturing company located in Poland in collaboration with a third-sector, non-profit entity. The case study method is used in the research process.

Abstract Rhopalocercous Cercaria duplicata von Baer, 1827 develops in an intermediate host, the unionid bivalve Anodonta anatina (L.), but its adult form has been unknown. We examined eight fish species occurring in the presence of a highly infested population of A. anatina in the Zesławice reservoir (S Poland). Gravid Phyllodistomum specimens were obtained from the ureters of ide, Leuciscus idus (L.) and common rudd, Scardinius erythrophthalmus (L.). One of the rudd specimens was doubly infected, a trematode was also found in the urinary bladder. In addition, a gravid Phyllodistomum specimen was found in the ureter of a tench Tinca tinca (L.), caught in Lake Ilmėdas (Lithuania). In order to clarify the phylogenetic position of larval and adult gorgoderids and to establish their life cycle, ITS2 and 28S rDNA sequences were analysed. The analysis showed that adult Phyllodistomum specimens located in the ureters are conspecific with C. duplicata. The trematode found in the urinary bladder of S. erythrophthalmus was P. folium (Olfers, 1816). It is suggested that adult stages of C. duplicata should be referred to as Phyllodistomum duplicatum n. comb. The intercaecal position of the uterus and the deeply-lobed ovary are the main features distinguishing it from other Phyllodistomum species. Host specificity and ecology are discussed.

Abstract In the context of global low-carbon development, reducing rural residential carbon emissions is the key to implementing emission reduction policies. In order to reduce carbon emissions from rural housing, a carbon emission classification method based on residential life cycle assessment is proposed based on the characteristics of rural housing in China. Its innovation lies in achieving precise analysis of carbon emissions from multiple stages of residential design, construction, and use. Secondly, introducing a lifecycle based emission reduction planning strategy to achieve a new pattern of low-carbon emission reduction in rural residential areas. Taking a rural residential building as a case study, in the early stage of implementing emission reduction, the mean values of the initial carbon emissions corresponding to building energy consumption, energy consumption, and resident living habits were 689, 691, and 683, with standard deviations of 81, 79, and 84. After implementing emission reduction plans, the values decreased to 686, 674, and 631, respectively, with standard deviations reduced to 28, 32, and 13. It was evident that emission reduction planning not only significantly reduced the mean carbon emissions but also substantially decreases their variability, enhancing the stability of carbon emissions. This research contributed to a deeper understanding of the carbon emissions from rural residential life cycles and provides theoretical support and data references for the formulation and implementation of more scientific and effective emission reduction planning. Simultaneously, it promoted low-carbon development in rural areas of China, achieving a harmonious coexistence of economic and social development with environmental protection and contributing to global low-carbon development.