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The aim of this study is to explain the activities of trustees, who were the managers of foundations in the Ottoman Empire, in relation to entrepreneurial and Machiavellian leadership typologies. In this context, it is discussed under which leadership typology the main motivation motive behind the trustees' aim of making profit through foundation transactions will be handled. In line with the purpose of the study, historical sources were analyzed by adopting an interpretative phenomenological approach from qualitative research techniques. In this context, a theoretical background on leadership, entrepreneurial leadership and Machiavellian leadership was created by making use of the existing literature to analyze managers in the context of the identified leadership typologies. With the evaluation of the findings obtained on the axis of the typologies, it was determined that foundation trustees have the characteristics such as initiative, analytical thinking, risk-taking, courage, etc. that a leader should have. Finally, it has been concluded that the trustees act on the axis of both entrepreneurial leader and Machiavellian leader typologies with the effect of the changes in the foundation institution and the economy in the historical process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Online Journal of Recreation & Sports is the property of Online Journal of Recreation & Sports and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Education & Science / Egitim ve Bilim is the property of Turkish Education Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Journal of Education Faculty is the property of Mehmet Akif Ersoy Universitesi Egitim Fakultesi Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Çalışmanın amacı, Osmanlı Devleti’nde vakıfların yöneticisi konumunda bulunan mütevellilerin yürüttükleri faaliyetlerin girişimci ve makyavelist liderlik tipolojileriyle ilişkilendirilerek açıklamaktır. Bu bağlamda mütevellilerin vakıf işlemleri yoluyla kazanç sağlama amaçlarının arkasında yatan temel motivasyon güdüsünün hangi liderlik tipolojisi altında ele alınacağı tartışılmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı doğrultusunda nitel araştırma tekniklerinden yorumlayıcı fenomenolojik yaklaşım benimsenerek tarihsel kaynaklar incelenmiştir. Bu kapsamda yöneticilerin belirlenen liderlik tipolojileri bağlamında analiz edilmesi için mevcut literatürden faydalanarak liderlik, girişimci liderlik ve makyavelist liderlik hakkında teorik bir arka plan oluşturulmuştur. Elde edilen bulguların, belirlenen tipolojiler ekseninde değerlendirilmesi ile vakıf mütevellilerinin, bir liderde bulunması gereken inisiyatif alma, analitik düşünme, riski üstlenme, cesaret vb. özellikleri taşıdığı tespit edilmiştir. Nihai olarak tarihi süreç içerisinde vakıf kurumunda ve ekonomide meydana gelen değişimlerin de etkisiyle mütevellilerin hem girişimci lider hem de makyavelist lider tipolojileri ekseninde hareket ettikleri sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

This study began with the curiosity to see how differing types of motivation, according to Self-Determination Theory, work within an organizational context and aims to investigate if motivation types mediate the relationship between perceived leadership styles and organizational commitment. Self-determination theory with differing types of extrinsic motivation depending on their level of internalization makes it possible to apply motivation in many life domains including work settings. 470 participants from companies in the international transportation sector were involved in this research. The mediating role of motivation types is analyzed with hierarchical regression analysis. According to research findings, autonomous motivation partially mediated the relationship between authoritarian leadership style and identified commitment; amotivation partially mediated the relationship between laissez-faire leadership style and commitment results from a lack of alternatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to examine the effect of school principals' paternalistic leadership styles on teachers' organizational silence levels. Quantitative analysis method was used in data collection. Relational screening method was used as the method. The survey form used within the scope of the research includes an 8-question demographic form created by the researcher, "Paternalistic Leadership Scale" and "Organizational Silence Scale". The sample of the research consists of 386 teachers working in public schools in Ankara. In this research, random sampling method was preferred to collect the necessary data. According to the findings obtained as a result of the research, there is a very weak positive relationship between the Organizational Silence Scale score and the PAYDA score. These findings reveal that the paternalistic leadership approach may affect employees' silence behaviors. While paternalistic leaders protect and protect their employees, they may also prevent them from freely expressing their opinions. This shows that managers need to balance both supportive and authoritarian approaches and develop encouraging strategies to hear the voice of their employees more. In addition, it was determined that there were relationships between the scales with gender, age, income level, educational status, working time with the current manager and total working time in the profession. According to the analysis results, no statistically significant difference was detected between the marital status groups in terms of PAYDA and Organizational Silence Scale and sub-dimension scores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Management Theory & Practices Research (JMTPR) is the property of Journal of Management Theory & Practices (JMTP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Humanities & Tourism Research (JoHUT) is the property of Journal of Humanities & Tourism Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Social Sciences / Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Afyon Kocatepe University (AKU) Sosyal Bilimler Enstitusu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Buca Faculty of Education Journal / Buca Egitim Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Buca Faculty of Education Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of RumeliDE Journal of Language & Literature Research / RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of RumeliDE Uluslararasi Hakemli Dil & Edebiyat Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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In this study, it is aimed to reveal the effects of the leadership styles of the managers in health institutions on the job satisfaction and organizational commitment of the employees. The data necessary for the research, a survey was conducted among 140 medical professionals working in the administrative departments of hospitals on the Anatolian side of Istanbul with bed capacity of 600 and more. The first section of the study consist of the factor analysis of the measurement instruments of job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and five leadership behaviours. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test, and the Bartlett's Sphericity test showed that the study sample was appropriate for the factor analysis. The second section includes multivarite regression model and the univarite analysis. The descriptive statistics of the participant characteristics, and the scales were presented with mean and standard deviation, and frequencies and percentage. The statistical significance was at 0.05 level. The exploratory variables were the participant charactersitics, and the leadership behaviours that found to have statistically significant relationship with the dependent variables. As a result, it is supported by our research findings that the organizational commitment of the personnel working in healthcare institutions is related to the concepts of task-oriented leader and people-oriented leader. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nigde University Journal of Physical Education & Sport Sciences / Nigde Üniversitesi Beden Egitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Journal of Physical Education & Sports Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Social Sciences Studies is the property of Social Sciences Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aims to reveal the youth leadership characteristics of students enrolled in associate degree programs at higher education institutions. The population of the study consists of associate degree students at Adıyaman University, specifically those attending Sani Konukoğlu Vocational School of Social Sciences and Besni Ali Erdemoğlu Vocational School. Employing the explanatory research technique, this study utilizes quantitative research methods. The research involves a survey with two sections. The first section includes 8 questions designed to elucidate participants' demographic characteristics. The second section employs the "Youth Leadership Characteristics Scale: Reliability and Validity Study," developed by Cansoy and Turan (2016), to determine participants' youth leadership qualities. SPSS 27.00 software is used for the analysis of the obtained data. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) is applied to determine the validity of the data. Additionally, reliability testing, normality analysis, frequency analysis, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and independent samples t-test are conducted. Upon examining the results of the study, it is observed that, in terms of demographic variables, the sub-dimensions of the scale did not create a significant difference in participants' youth leadership characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research was conducted to examine students' conflict management strategies and leadership characteristics according to various variables. While the population of the research consists of students of the faculty of sports sciences, the sample group consists of a total of 150 (69 female, 81 male) randomly selected students from the sports management department of Trabzon University and Gümüşhane University Faculty of Sport Sciences. In the study, "Multifaceted Leadership Orientations Scale developed by Dursun, Günay and Yenel in 2019", "Conflict Management Styles Scale" developed by Thomas and Ruble in 1977 and adapted to Turkish by Sökmen and Yazıcıoğlu (2005) and this "Personal Information Form" prepared by the researchers was used along with the scales. In the research conducted; It was investigated whether there were differences between students' conflict management strategies and leadership characteristics according to the variables "gender, age, grade level, academic achievement and exercise levels". Independent Samples T test was used to compare binary variables and for independent samples, and Anova test was used in cases of three or more variables. Non-parametric tests were used for results that did not show normal distribution. Mann-Whitney U test was used for pairwise group comparison analysis, and statistical analyzes were completed using the Kruskal-Wallis H test for comparisons of three or more groups. According to the data obtained from the participants, while there was a significant difference in the gender variable of the multifaceted leadership orientations scale, no significant difference was found in the variables of age, grade level, academic achievement and exercise level. When the conflict management styles scale was examined, a significant difference was seen in the gender and academic achievement variables, but no statistical difference was found when the age, grade level and exercise level variables were examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study searches dark leadership and leadership's dark sides through the life and speeches of Jim Jones, one of the darkest phenomena in history. There are those who love the light, those who are caught up in the mystery of darkness. Jones's leadership contained deep darkness, as his followers in the Peoples Temple cult had seen -or preferred to see-brighter sides of their founder and "father". The mass suicide (some call it murder/massacre) of more than 900 cult members within an hour at Jones's request, in Jonestown/Guyana on November 18, 1978, is considered as a rare disaster. This study with phenomenological approach of qualitative research examines a significant part of Jones's recorded speeches for clues leading them to such disaster. In fact, this disaster has come in a clear way while some followers noticed, and it was discussed in the US government and their public. Nevertheless, the result couldn't change. The reason was the effective trump card every dark leader holds; "Our leader must know something!" to keep their leadership until the end, unhealthy hope with the opposite can never be proven, though. The purpose of this study has been to assess the role/effect of speeches made by dark leaders, and to investigate possible ways to prevent or diminish the possible destructive consequences. Dark leadership is often the winner. To succeed against the dark leadership; the questioning, conscientious, courageous followers willing to oppose the leader are required. Pressure, stigmatizing them as traitors might diminish their effort. Therefore, similar loops should be expected to repeat in every new dark leadership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is a quantitative research that aims to determine the realization levels of school principals' quantum leadership competencies, based on teachers' opinions. 470 teachers working in Mardin in the 2023-2024 academic year constitute the sample group of this study. "Quantum Leadership Scale" developed by Konan and Mermer (2021) was used as a measurement tool. After the checks, 94 incorrect forms were not evaluated and analyzes were carried out with 376 data sets. According to the results of the research, school principals' tendency to display quantum leadership behaviors is at a higher level compared to teachers' perceptions. While the quantum leadership behaviors of school principals do not differ significantly according to the school level where teachers work, their gender, education level and job titles, significant differences were detected in variables such as professional experience and length of time working with the current school principal. It has been reported that the perceptions of teachers with 0-5 years of professional experience are at a higher level than other teachers. When compared according to the duration of working with the current principal, it was observed that teachers who had worked with the current principal for less than 1 year perceived the quantum leadership levels of the principals at a higher level than those who had worked with the current principal for 3-4 years and more than 5 years. In the context of the research findings, it can be said that encouraging school principals to attend inservice seminars and read in this field to cope with uncertain situations will contribute to their acquisition of quantum leadership skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Akademik Hassasiyetler is the property of Huzeyfe Suleyman Arslan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of National Education / Millî Eğitim Dergisi is the property of Milli Egitim Bakanligi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Health Academics / Sağlık Akademisyenleri Dergisi is the property of Journal of Health Academics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Liderlik ve maneviyat son yılların önem verilen, araştırılan başlıca konularındandır. Maneviyattan yoksun klasik reçetelerin liderlikte kalıcı başarıya ulaştırmadığı anlaşılmıştır. Çünkü liderlik sadece uygun stratejileri hayata geçirmek, bazı becerilere sahip olmak ve diğerlerinden farklı olmakla yürütülen bir süreç değildir. Maneviyat; inancı, dini, kültürü, geleneği de içine alan geniş bir kavramdır. Bu nedenle sadece liderlik hususunda değil tüm yaşamda başarıya götüren anahtar niteliğindedir. Hz. Muhammed gerek peygamberliğinde gerekse tüm yaşamında maneviyatı ön planda tutmuştur. Çalışmada Hz. Muhammed’in liderliği esnasında öne çıkan manevi değerler, yaşanmış olaylardan sentezlenerek aktarılmıştır. Çalışma için nitel araştırma yapılmış, doküman incelemesi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma iki ana bölüm ve sonuçtan oluşmuştur. Genel bir girişten sonra ilk bölüm liderlik ve maneviyatı kavramsal olarak ele almış, ikinci bölüm Hz. Muhammed’in liderlik yansımalarında manevi değerleri açıklamıştır. Sonuç bölümünde ise liderlikte maneviyatın öneminden bahsedilmiş, insanlığa örnek olan Hz. Muhammed’in yaşamında her konuda manevi değerlerle hareket ettiği vurgulanmıştır. Bu bağlamda maneviyat, liderlikte başarıya götüren bir güç olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Özetle bu çalışma, Hz. Muhammed’in liderliğinde öne çıkan manevi değerlerini, yaşanan olaylardan sentezleyerek ortaya koymuştur. Makale, Prof. Dr. Öznur Özdoğan danışmanlığında yürütülen “Liderliğe Manevi Yaklaşım” adlı doktora tez çalışmasından türetilmiştir.

This study was conducted to gain first-hand insight into the attitudes, beliefs, values, and experiences of the targeted managers regarding executive leadership succession planning and its implementation in Namibia’s commercial public enterprises. The primary data collection for this study was qualita- tive and quantitative. The total population of the study was 63 participants, derived from 22 com- mercial public enterprises. The study developed a succession management framework for Namibian organizations called the Muadinohamba succession development progression framework, a tool for planning leadership succession in Namibian companies. The framework’s elements include mak- ing succession planning a key performance metric, setting a mandated retirement age, educating managers on succession practices, and providing a structured succession process. This study sug- gests that, in addition to researching leadership, companies within a specific cultural context should research leadership succession plans and implementation processes due to existential differences.

Copyright of Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Social Sciences / Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Afyon Kocatepe University (AKU) Sosyal Bilimler Enstitusu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ataturk Yolu Journal / Atatürk Yolu Dergisi is the property of Ataturk Yolu Journal / Ataturk Yolu Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Erzincan University Journal of Education Faculty / Erzincan Üniversitesi Egitim Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Erzincan University Faculty of Education Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Danisname Journal of Humanities & Social Sciences is the property of Global Security & Strategy Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study was conducted to gain first-hand insight into the attitudes, beliefs, values, and experiences of the targeted managers regarding executive leadership succession planning and its implementation in Namibia’s commercial public enterprises. The primary data collection for this study was qualitative and quantitative. The total population of the study was 63 participants, derived from 22 commercial public enterprises. The study developed a succession management framework for Namibian organizations called the Muadinohamba succession development progression framework, a tool for planning leadership succession in Namibian companies. The framework’s elements include making succession planning a key performance metric, setting a mandated retirement age, educating managers on succession practices, and providing a structured succession process. This study suggests that, in addition to researching leadership, companies within a specific cultural context should research leadership succession plans and implementation processes due to existential differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pamukkale University Journal of Education is the property of Pamukkale University Journal of Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of International Journal of Management Academy is the property of Uluslararasi Yonetim Akademisi Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Online Journal of Recreation & Sports is the property of Online Journal of Recreation & Sports and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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This article explores the perceptions of school principals' quantum leadership behavior through the use of metaphors. The study found that school principals who exhibit quantum leadership qualities create interaction areas with their followers and demonstrate hardworking and devoted behavior. The metaphors used by participants highlight the various aspects of school principals' roles and responsibilities. Similar studies have also found metaphors such as father, dictator, and leader to describe school principals. Overall, the findings suggest that school principals play a crucial role in creating a positive and supportive school environment. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Education Technology Theory & Practice / Egitim Teknolojisi Kuram ve Uygulama is the property of Education Technology Theory & Practice (Journal) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Journal of Education Faculty is the property of Mehmet Akif Ersoy Universitesi Egitim Fakultesi Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Religious Studies / Dini Araştırmalar is the property of Diyanet Isleri Baskanligi Yayinlari and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aviation sector is highly affected by technological, political and economic developments. It is an undeniable fact that businesses must keep up with these rapid changes and developments, especially as they are affected by technological developments. The leadership styles and leadership characteristics of the managers are not only effective in the formation of a certain culture, but also in the life course of the enterprises and the processes of adapting to the changes. This adaptation process can be reduced and the faster adaptation can be achieved, the business success will follow in parallel. Based on this view, in our study, the effect of leadership characteristics of managers in airline companies on business success has been examined. The aim of the study is to explain the transformational leadership characteristics of managers in airline companies and the roles of these characteristics in the positive or negative processes of airline businesses. In the study, "Bulutların Üstüne Tırmanırken" and "From Worst To First" books' content analysis was made by considering the subjects of airline management, leadership and transformational leadership. At the end of research; It has been concluded that leaders do not take risks and display an innovative approach in times of crisis.

Human resources in the organization are a source of competitive advantage, and it was found that 90% of the success of modern organizations is due to organizational commitment (OC). On the other hand, transformational leadership (TL) is among the most significant forms of modern leadership, but many leaders still struggle to survive using traditional leadership techniques. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the impacts of transformational leadership on organizational commitment between the heads of administrative departments in a number of general directorates in Duhok Governorate. Samples of 130 persons from the head direction of the administration department of the directorate general of Duhok province were selected using convenience sampling. In total, 130 questionnaires were distributed; a total of 124 valid questionnaires were collected, and 95.38% of the participants responded. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Statistics software was utilized for data analysis. The results of linear regression show that transformational leadership has a positive and significant impact on employees’ organizational commitment. Also, the average score of transformational leadership and organizational commitment in the sample group is significantly higher than the average level of society at the 99% confidence level.

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The phenomenon of leadership evolves by adapting to changes in lifestyles, business processes, technology, habits, and thus, human behavior and attitudes. This evolution leads to the emergence of various perspectives and theories. One of these new theories is the Empathetic Leadership Theory. The aim of this study is to introduce for the first time the concept of empathetic leadership and its scale proposed by Kock and colleagues (2019) into the Turkish literature and to examine the impact of empathetic leadership on job satisfaction and employee performance. The sample of the study consists of 294 civil servants working in administrative units of public institutions in Istanbul. Research data were obtained using a demographic information form, Empathetic Leadership Scale, Job Satisfaction Scale, and Employee Performance Scale created. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and Cronbach's alpha internal consistency coefficient analysis were conducted for the validity and reliability of the scales used. Correlation and regression analysis were preferred to test the research hypotheses. As a result of the study, the validity and reliability analyses of the Empathetic Leadership Scale, which is used for the first time in Turkish culture, resulted in the formation of its Turkish version. The study revealed that empathetic leadership positively influences employees' levels of job satisfaction at a moderate level and employee performance at a positive low level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to examine the mediating role of teachers' attitudes towards children's rights in the relationship between the leadership strengths preferred by classroom teachers and their disciplinary approaches. The study group consists of 453 classroom teachers working in primary schools in Niğde province. Personal Information Form, Classroom Teacher Leadership Scale, Classroom Discipline Models Scale and Child Rights Attitude Scale were used as data collection tools. Data were analyzed with SPSS and AMOS statistical packages. As a result of the correlation analyses, it was found that there were significant relationships between all variables included in the research, except for two sub-dimensions. In the findings obtained from the path analysis, it was concluded that classroom teachers' preference for leadership power was in favor of analogous leadership power and expert leadership power, and their attitudes towards children's rights had a mediating role in the impact of their disciplinary approaches, and their preference for leadership power in favor of rewarding leadership power and coercive leadership power, which they adopted, It was concluded that attitudes towards children's rights did not have a mediating role in its effect on disciplinary approaches. The results of the research were discussed in the light of theoretical explanations and similar research in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]