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In the article, the authors made a thorough description of administrative and legal regulation in the field of land relations. They characterized the concepts of «regulation», «legal regulation» and «land relations». It is substantiated that land relations are one of the largest massifs of public relations regulated by legal norms, in which the absolute majority of both private and public legal entities are involved. But due to the diversity of such subjects and the differences in their legal status, the legal regulation of land relations uses methods characteristic of both civil and administrative law. In addition, within the limits of land law, the existence of its own method of legal regulation is emphasized. It was determined that «legal regulation» can be considered an institution of a general type, which includes specific characteristics that give rise to administrative and legal regulation. The formulated author's definition of «administrative-legal regulation» as a type of sectoral legal regulation, which is based on the direct effect of the norms of administrative law and is an administrative-legal instrument that affects social relations arising in the field of public administration. taking into account the peculiarities of the legislative definition of the concept of «land relations», for the purposes of scientific research it is more correct to use the term «administrative-legal regulation in the field of land relations» as opposed to the term «administrative-legal regulation of land relations». In our opinion, the term «sphere of land relations» should be understood as a set of relations, which, in addition to land relations, include relations arising in connection with the exercise of power by public administration bodies in relation to land management. The objects of these relations are land, land plots, rights to them, as well as goods and objects derived from them. «Administrative and legal regulation in the field of land legal relations» should be understood as a type of sectoral legal regulation, which is based on the direct effect of the norms of administrative, civil and land law and is a legal instrument that affects public land legal relations arising in the field of public land management affairs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article comprehensively analyzes Israel's experience in the legal regulation of cybersecurity and explores its potential adaptation for Ukraine. Israel is a leading cybersecurity nation due to its integrated approach to cyber protection. The paper examines key legislative acts and organizational measures implemented in Israel, such as establishing specialized cyber units like TEHILA and the Israel National Cyber Directorate (INCD), and coordination centers that facilitate cohesive efforts between governmental and private organizations. The article highlights the significance of incorporating cybersecurity mechanisms into Israel's national defense strategy and the active involvement of the private sector, including numerous tech companies and startups, in safeguarding information infrastructure. The crucial role of international cooperation, particularly with the EU and the USA, in developing an effective cyber strategy is also discussed, emphasizing its relevance for Ukraine amidst the ongoing conflict with Russia. Additionally, the article delves into the continuous improvement of cybersecurity technologies and the professional development of specialists in this field. It highlights the importance of a holistic approach encompassing technological advancements and strategic planning. The paper also emphasizes the need for interagency coordination and the collaboration with international partners to elevate the overall cybersecurity posture. Key aspects of adapting Israeli approaches to Ukrainian realities are outlined, including the necessity of establishing specialized bodies, developing a national cybersecurity strategy, and engaging the private sector in cybersecurity efforts. By integrating Israel's best practices, Ukraine can significantly bolster its cyber defense capabilities, enhancing its ability to respond to cyber threats more effectively and protecting its critical infrastructures. Furthermore, the study addresses legal regulation issues, including both the regulatory framework and practical aspects of implementing cybersecurity measures at national and local levels. Continuous monitoring and evaluation of the effectiveness of these measures are essential to identify and ne utralize potential threats timely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article covers the activities of administrative service centers: problematic issues and ways to solve them. Among the problems in the activities of public service centers are the following: 1) the lack of alternative ways to apply to administrative service centers for a certain type of public service, which makes the subjects directly dependent on the officials who provide them; 2) lack of appropriate conditions for waiting for the subjects of treatment, especially for people with disabilities, when the premises of public administration entities do not have basic chairs and tables for filling out forms, documents, applications, etc., there are no means for easy access to the offices objects of public administration of subjects of treatment with special needs; 3) lack and / or limited access to information on administrative procedures for the provision of public services in the activities of the CNAP; delays by local government officials, including administrative service centers and executive authorities, in the timing of many public services; 4) too huge «live» queues in the executive and local governments, including public service centers; 5) inconvenient mode of operation of administrative service centers providing public services, which often coincides with the usual schedule of most of the subjects of appeals and causes certain inconveniences primarily for consumers who are forced to apply for public services; 6) violation of the terms of consideration by the employees of the CNAP regarding the decision on the merits of providing a certain type of public service; 7) intermediate decisions and approvals among the subjects of public administration, which in turn are located in different parts of settlements; 8) the complexity of public service delivery procedures, the essence of which is that consumers of public services must collect a significant number of documents in the form of certificates, copi es, etc. Emphasis is placed on the fact that the establishment of administrative service centers should be the alternative that will significantly improve the quality of service to the subjects of treatment and help prevent corruption risks in the activities of the CNAP. It is proved that the Law of Ukraine «On Administrative Services» provided for the establishment of such centers primarily in those subjects of public administration, where the maximum number of public services is provided by their structural units, in particular, in the executive committees of city councils. In addition, the Law of Ukraine «On Administrative Services» provides for measures to decentralize the provision of basic public services, related to the need to transfer authority to receive documents in the field of public services and issue their results from territorial units of central executive bodies to relevant local governments and / or local district state administrations, including CNAP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

E-commerce is a key aspect of the modern digital economy, which is actively developing in the context of globalization. The importance of e-commerce lies in its ability to promote economic growth, create new opportunities for entrepreneurship, and provide consumers with access to a wide range of goods and services. This article analyzes the legal regulation of e-commerce in the context of the globalization of the digital economy, examining the experience of countries such as the USA, Singapore, China, and the European Union. The article outlines the main principles of legal regulation of e-commerce under Ukraine's national legislation and highlights the key challenges facing legal regulation in this area. The experience of foreign countries shows that effective legal regulation of e-commerce is possible with the harmonization of legislation, enhanced protection of consumer rights and personal data, ensuring cybersecurity, and supporting innovation. The USA, Singapore, China, and the EU have different approaches to regulating e-commerce, but all aim to create a favorable legal environment for the development of this market segment. The article also examines the main features of legal relationships in the field of e-commerce, as defined by the Law of Ukraine "On E-commerce". It highlights the rights and obligations of participants in electronic transactions, the procedure for concluding electronic contracts, the protection of consumer rights and personal data, and the responsibility of participant s for non-fulfillment of their obligations. Based on the analysis of foreign experience and national legislation, recommendations are formulated for improving the legal regulation of e-commerce in Ukraine. Further research in this area may focus on studying new technological solutions and their impact on legal regulation, analyzing the effectiveness of existing legal norms, and developing recommendations for their improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to identifying the peculiarities of contractual relations in digital circulation. Digital turnover is becoming increasingly widespread, which leads to the emergence of new forms of contractual relations characterized by significant differences. The purpose of the article is to reveal the characteristics and peculiarities of contractual relations arising within the framework of digital civil turnover. The study of contractual relations in digital circulation is necessitated by the lack of sustainable legal regulation of this area which requires further improvement. The peculiarity of building relations in digital circulation is associated with its technical properties, primarily the need to gain access to digital platforms for the exercise of subjective rights by users. The author emphasizes that the exercise of subjective rights in digital circulation can be realized only through the use of complex intellectual property objects, in particular, those combining computer programs, databases, music, animation objects, photographs, etc. The author proposes to distinguish the following types of relations in the field of digital circulation: 1) regarding the creation and maintenance of digital circulation (legal regime of intellectual property rights); 2) organizational relations in the field of business administration of the digital environment (corporate, labor relations with the appropriate legal regime); 3) between the user and the administrator of the relevant digital environment (contractual regulation, with elements of the legal regime of personal data protection); 4) between users of the digital space regarding digital assets (a complex regime of legal regulation which may combine the legal regimes of The author emphasizes that contractual relations in digital circulation are based on both civil law and rules and standards used in electronic systems. It is proved that different types of relations require a comprehensive application of different legal norms and are mediated by different agreements, such as: license agreements; agreements for the provision of digital services (cloud storage, marketplaces); sale and purchase of goods; exchange and pledge of digital assets; token agreements (regulating the use of cryptocurrencies and other tokens in digital ecosystems), etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines and reveals the impact of legal doctrine on law-making and law-enforcement practice. It is noted that today the doctrine lacks a systematic approach to its use in the law-making process. Accordingly, this leads both to a decrease in the value of the doctrine itself and to negative consequences for the legal system as a whole. From these positions, the doctrine continues to occupy its important niche and life source in the legal system. It is the doctrine that forms the legal concepts used by the legislator and establishes the methods by which the law is discovered and laws are interpreted. However, even the systematic interpretation of legal norms cannot always fill the gap in the legal regulation of social relations. Therefore, precisely in this case, the courts turn to the legal doctrine, which is used to reveal the content of the legal norm, which is present in the legislation or is absent in its content. As a rule, in the content of the motivational part of court acts, references to legal doctrine are often found to confirm one’s legal position and to strengthen its effect, which indicates a balanced decision made in the case. Summarizing the analysis of judicial practice materials, it is possible to formulate the purpose for which the legal doctrine is used: filling gaps in the legal regulation of social relations, interpreting legal norms and establishing their legal nature and content. Accordingly, it can be stated that the legal doctrine embodies a system of well-founded, theoretical and scientific provisions that have applied value and are used to eliminate gaps, correctly interpret and apply legal norms and, on this basis, search for optimal legal solutions. It is proved that the legal doctrine is a kind of indicator for relevant events and situations that may arise in the field of legal regulation of social relations. Therefore, during the development of projects of regulatory legal acts, the use of legal doctrine allows analyzing the dynamics of the development of social relations that are subject to legal regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the system of social protection of internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Ukraine, which has become especially relevant in the conditions of the long-term armed aggression of the Russian Federation. The author examines the legal regulation of the protection of IDPs, focusing on national legislation, in particular the Law of Ukraine «On Ensuring the Rights and Freedoms of Internally Displaced Persons», as well as on international legal acts and their implementation in the Ukrainian legal field. It examines the main social programs and services provided to internally displaced persons, including housing, medical and psychological care, social support, education and employment. The problems faced by IDPs in receiving these services, such as insufficient funding, bureaucratic obstacles and limited access to social resources, are analyzed separately. Special attention is paid to the role of local self-government in ensuring social protection of IDPs. Opportunities and challenges faced by local authorities in integrating IDPs into new communities are analyzed. Examples of successful practices of local self-government cooperation with public organizations and international partners to improve the effectiveness of social services are considered. The author identifies key problems and identifies prospects for the development of the system of social protection of internally displaced persons. Among the proposed measures are improving the efficiency of management, simplifying the procedures for receiving assistance through the introduction of electronic systems, ensuring stable financing of programs, as well as the development and implementation of comprehensive programs for the social integration of IDPs. An important aspect is cooperation with international organizations, which contributes to attracting additional resources and implementing the best global practices. The need for a systemic approach to solving the problems of internally displaced persons is emphasized, which includes reforming the legislative framework, increasing financial resources, developing innovative approaches to social protection management, and active integration of IDPs into new communities. Only under the conditions of constant monitoring and improvement of the social protection system, considering the role of local self-government, it is possible to ensure effective support and protection of the rights of internally displaced persons in Ukraine, which is an important condition for the stable development of society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the postulates of systems theory is the tendency of any system to seek a stable state and avoid chaos. Stability is associated with overcoming crises, which are considered obstacles to development. Crises can serve various functions: destructive, threatening the viability of the system; destructive, leading to further development; and crises that are merely disr uptions of equilibrium. In the context of transitioning from repelling armed aggression to ensuring military security in the post-war period, it is appropriate to describe the crisis phenomena and situations of the recovery period, which encompass the real crises of the recovery period. Special attention should be paid to the classification of crises, modeling their development, establishing crisis communications and decisionmaking in crisis conditions, developing state policy and crisis response strategies, as well as devising methods for crisis prevention. Situation centers play a key role in forecasting the security situation, preparing stabilization operations, and coordinating the actions of various security and defense structures. Their tasks include conveying decisions to personnel and the local population, organizing management and interaction, informing about the development of events, and controlling the execution of decisions. The centers also collect and analyze operational information for timely response to crisis situations. In legal science, the concept of a "crisis of the recovery period" is not widespread, but it may be useful for describing emergencies in the post-war period. The definition of such crises should consider the specific impacts of hazardous factors on national interests. The modern concept of national security of Ukraine envisages the integration of various security sectors, including economic, political, social, and legal aspects. According to legislation, the national security system in the recovery period should be an organized set of entities united by common goals and tasks regarding the protection of national interests. These entities participate in military-civil relations, coordinate their actions, and develop crisis response strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article highlights the issues of application of criminal law measures as an independent regulatory and legal institution which has a cross-sectoral nature. This institute is complex, since it includes two sub-institutes -- criminal law and criminal procedure, and is characterized by its subject matter and method of legal regulation, and is intended to regulate social relations which arose in connection with the introduction in Ukraine of the institute of quasi-criminal liability of legal entities for the fulfillment of Ukraine's international obligations. The author suggests that a regulatory legal institution should be set out in a standardized manner in various legal acts. Unlike the criminal law sub-institution of application of criminal law measures, criminal procedural rules are «scattered» throughout the text of the Code of Criminal Procedure of Ukraine, which impedes the effective application of the relevant rules. The analysis of the few verdicts that have imposed criminal legal measures on legal entities indicates that, given both the normative shortcomings in the presentation of criminal procedural rules of the institution of application of criminal legal measures and the actual lack of training of interested parties (investigators, prosecutors, judges, lawyers) in specialized educational institutions, this leads to shortcomings in law enforcement and the actual ineffectiveness of the institution as a whole. The author finds that when applying criminal law measures to a legal entity, courts made the following mistakes: they did so independently, without following the procedure for initiating proceedings against a legal entity regulated by criminal procedure legislation; in criminal proceedings against an individual, they approved a plea agreement with a criminal law measure against a legal entity when it was prohibited to do so. The author proposes to conduct specialized training on criminal law and criminal procedural features of quasi-criminal liability of legal entities in Ukraine for investigators, prosecutors, attorneys and judges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Control is explained as a systematic verification of the implementation of laws, directives, resolutions and decrees or as state or public measures for the supervision, inspection, accounting of the activities, behavior of natural and legal persons, i.e. control is an inspection in order to ensure the reliability and legality of the actions specified and the process of tracking the actual implementation of plans. Unfortunately, the legal reference literature and the current legislation of Ukraine do not contain a unified approach to the definition of the legal content of the term «control». The Encyclopedia of Law, for example, defines «control» (French controle – check, from Old French contre-role – a list with a duplicate for verification) – as verification of the implementation of laws, decisions, etc. The article examines the place of the Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine in the system of bodies exercising control in the sphere of banking activity. It is determined that state control is one of the main functions (forms, methods) of public administration. The degree of efficiency of state control, despite the sphere of its implementation, is mainly determined by the quality of legal support of control activities, a certain level of socio-economic and logistical support of state control bodies, the level of mobility and balance of the system of control bodies. It is the balanced construction of the system of state control bodies that is an important prerequisite for the successful functioning of the entire system of state bodies. Analyzing the variety of laws and by-laws, as well as scientific literature on the issue of subjects of control in the sphere of banking activity, it is determined that control over the activities of banking institutions is a complex system, which has two main directions: external control and internal control. Subjects of banking control can be represented both externally (by state and independent regulatory authorities) and internally. The subjects of banking control by the state include: the Accounting Chamber of Ukraine, Control Departments under the Administration of the President of Ukraine, the State Financial Inspection of Ukraine, the Ministry of Economic Development and Trade of Ukraine, the National Bank of Ukraine, the State Fiscal Service of Ukraine, the State Treasury Service of Ukraine, the State Property Fund of Ukraine, state extra-budgetary funds (such as the Pension Fund of Ukraine), the National Securities and Stock Market Commission, law enforcement agencies and others in accordance with the current legislation. Independent audit firms act as subjects of independent control, and the subjects of internal control are the Supervisory Board, the Audit Commission, the Management Board (Board of Directors), functional divisions of the bank, and its internal audit service. The article thoroughly covers the functions of the Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine of control in the sphere of banking activity, its important role and importance. The article defines the main functions assigned to the Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine by the current legislation of Ukraine. On the basis of the study, it is established that in case of violation of the current legislation, material and operationaleconomic liability is provided for business entities in general, and banks in particular. When writing the article, on the basis of the studied material, it is established that the common type of operational and economic sanctions applied by the authorities are: cancellation of licenses and termination of foreign economic operations. And in case of abuse of monopoly position in the market, the Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine has the right to adopt a resolution on the forced division of monopoly formations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the analysis of the legislative consolidation of the provision of electronic services in the sphere of social protection of the population in Ukraine, taking into account the trends of reforming the institute of electronic services in the state. The current state of legal regulation of the provision of electronic services in the field of social protection of the population and directions for improvement of normative legal acts in the specified field have been studied. Summarizing the legal basis regulating the provision of electronic services in the field of social protection of the population, such acts can be classified by legal force (legislative, sub-legal) and by the content of the subject of regulation (determine general theoretical provisions and some aspects of an organizational nature; administrative jurisdictional activity of public administration bodies regarding provision of electronic services in the field of social protection of the population; guarantees of legality of the provision of electronic services in the field of social protection of the population). It has been established that today there is a significant number of normative legal acts that regulate certain aspects of the provision of electronic services in the field of social protection of the population. This is natural given the wide range of social relations subject to their regulation. Instead, for further systematized reform in this area, it is necessary to determine the general principles of organizational and legal regulation of the provision of electronic services in this area on the basis of a unified legislative act with the aim of a systematic approach to the elimination of legal gaps in the regulation of such an institution in view of the special legal position of subjects of public administration of providing electronic services in the field of social protection of the population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fintech technologies have achieved great success in expanding access to payment services in some countries of the world. They are used by major digital platforms to fill gaps in the traditional payment system. More and more companies around the world are embracing Fintech and moving to the latest technologies that can lead to significant efficiency gains in the financial sector, including payments, financing, investments, asset management and insurance. However, they can also pose risks to the stability and integrity of the financial system, especially when they operate outside the scope of financial regulation and supervision. Every country in the world is unique, each country has its own legislation and its own approach to legal regulation of Fintech. Currently, there is no single legal act in the world that would regulate Fintech in absolutely all countries. Just as there is no single tax code in the world, there cannot be a single regulatory act regulating Fintech, because each country has its own legislation, traditions, culture, etc., so the approach to Fintech in each country is individual. The article analyzes the experience of legal regulation of the Fintech market in the European Union and examines in depth the experience of the Kingdom of Belgium. The Fintech legal regulation of the Kingdom of Belgium is based on EU directives, regulations, resolutions and other legal acts, which are the basis of Belgian law. Belgian fintech legislation is adapted to the norms of the European Union and defines the “rules of the game” for Fintech services in Belgium, allowing Belgian authorities to carry out financial regulation, supervision, control over Fintech platforms for their compliance with relevant laws, regulations, standards, which enable government agencies to fight cybercrime, money laundering, bring perpetrators to justice, and provide Fintech platforms with corporate transparency, integrity, and consumers with protection from cybercrime, fraud, and other crimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is indicated in a legal state, regulation of interaction between members of society, coordination of their interests and smoothing of conflicts arising between them and their associations is unthinkable without law. With the help of the influence of law on social relations, it is possible to order and regulate them in a civilized manner. In the sphere of achieving a state of security, the law allows you to set the limits of what is permitted, to determine the obligations and prohibitions in the behavior of the relevant subjects. Due to regulatory legal regulation, security receives a unique meaning that determines the final goal of its provision, connects it with national priorities and interests of each legal entity, preventing blurring of the understanding of the essential characteristics of the basic category «national security» and its derivatives. The conducted scientific analysis of the legal regulation of the economic security system of Ukraine made it possible to conclude that it has a complex and multifaceted nature, that is, it involves the creation of a complex of legal, economic and administrative-organizational mechanisms aimed at ensuring the rights of citizens and other subjects of economic activity to protect private property, economic freedom and unimpeded implementation of economic and other economic activities. It is pointed out that the state should implement the appropriate organizational and legal provision of economic security of Ukraine, aimed at increasing the investment attractiveness of the country, eliminating offenses in the economic sphere. The analysis of regulatory legal acts made it possible to single out the following shortcomings of the legal provision of economic security of Ukraine: complexity, vagueness and inconsistency of individual legislative norms, ambiguous interpretation in their application; inconsistency between developers and lack of system of legal acts regulating economic security. It was concluded that the presence of such shortcomings indicates the need to modify approaches to the formation of legal support for the economic security of the state, to make changes to the current legislation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the problems of legal regulation of the tuning contract. Within the stated topic, the article analyzes the current state of legal regulation of the tuning contract. The author states that the legal regulation of the car tuning contract is complicated due to the lack of norms of the current legislation that would apply to this contract in particular. Legal relations regarding car tuning arise and develop as a result of increasing technological opportunities to improve the external and technical characteristics of cars and at the same time the growing demand for tuning works. Therefore, the emergence of a new type of contract significantly outpaced its normative regulation. The author claims that the legal regulation of the car tuning contract is based on the general principles of civil legislation, the formation of the content of the car tuning contract occurs due to the application of the analogy of the law and the analogy of law, and the direct legal regulation of the specified contract occurs due to the active participation of its subjects. The article provides arguments that legal regulation is not reduced only to the content of legal norms, but also involves the participation of the subjects of the contract in the formation of its content. It is also substantiated that the possibility of the subjects of the contract to participate in its regulation is conditioned by the principle of freedom of contract provided for by the Civil Code of Ukraine, which consists in the fact that the parties to the contract can depart from the provisions of acts of civil legislation and regulate their relations at their own discretion. In the article, the author notes the need to determine the origin of a contract not regulated by legislation, in this case – a car tuning contract, in order to correctly understand the legal nature of the contract and determine its content. This necessity is connected with the fact that, in practice, a tuning contract is often referred to as a contract for the provision of tuning services. In the case of positioning tuning as a contract for the provision of services, there are risks of incorrectly defining the rights and obligations of the parties to the contract, which can lead to misunderstandings, disputed situations and material losses. Therefore, the article presents a comparison of contracts for the performance of works and for the provision of services and provides arguments that indicate that the tuning contract is a type of contract for the performance of works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the main international normative legal acts, which regulate activities in the direction of protection of human rights and freedoms, ratified by Ukraine. It was found that in foreign countries, the International Labor Organization plays a key role in creating safe working conditions and minimizing the negative impact of production on human health and life. It was established that: one of the most dangerous spheres of human activity, which is characterized by increased risks of injury, is professional sports; the problem of sports injuries is exacerbated by the high training and competitive loads of modem sports. The main problematic issues regarding the legal regulation of the researched direction are highlighted. It is theoretically justified that, considering that Ukraine is a member of the International Labor Organization, it should focus on international legal standards in the field of protection of workers from accidents at work and occupational diseases in order to ensure standards of decent work. Accordingly, it should ratify the Convention of the International Labor Organization "On Assistance in Cases of Industrial Injuries" (1964) No. 121. In addition, domestic legislation, in accordance with Art. 2 of the 2006 No. 187 of the Convention "On Basics Contributing to Occupational Safety and Health", it is necessary to supplement the regulations on the prevention of occupational diseases, as well as accidents (injuries). Statistical data on the costs of treatment of sports injuries in foreign countries were analyzed. It was determined that the causes of sports injuries are directly related to external and internal factors. The main task of sports injury prevention is a detailed analysis (doctor, coach, victim) of the causes and circumstances that caused this or that injury. When preventing sports injuries, it is necessary to take into account the relationship between the state of health of athletes, the level of their functional capabilities and real readiness for effective competitive activity. An important direction in prevention is the rehabilitation of athletes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hate speech has plagued human societies for decades and severely influenced the whole world. By analyzing a balanced panel dataset covering 167 countries and 19 years derived from the V-Dem project, the relationships between critical Internet context indicators and online hate speech were disentangled, casting light on how to tackle the hate speech problem on a global scale. We found that Internet penetration was positively associated with online hate speech in general, confirming Internet's technological affordances have the potential to facilitate hate speech expression. Online legal regulation was negatively related to online hate speech but had no significant moderating effect between Internet penetration and online hate speech, reflecting an underlying tension among legal approaches' comprehensive effects. Online opinion polarization was positively related to online hate speech and significantly moderated the relationship between Internet penetration and online hate speech, which indicated that a polarized opinion atmosphere might exacerbate hate speech and intensify intergroup conflicts. Our findings' theoretical contributions and policy implications are further discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

NFTs (non-fungible tokens) enable the commercialization of goods and services through blockchain technology, enhancing the security, transparency, and speed of transactions. The primary challenge NFTs face is their connection to the underlying asset, ensuring that transferring the token also means transferring the linked asset. This interdisciplinary article examines the technical and legal challenges of creating and linking a digital asset to an NFT. To explain the binding process, an NFT associated with a digital artwork was created, and relevant internal and uniform legal regulations were analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to highlighting the features of the normative and legal regulation of the international activities of the Ministry of Youth and Sports of Ukraine. The content of the concepts of «legal regulation» and «normative and legal regulation» is clarified, taking into account existing scientific approaches to their understanding. It is determined that normative and legal regulation is a part of legal regulation and focuses on influence through normative legal acts, whereas legal regulation includes a broader spectrum of tools and mechanisms of legal influence. It is concluded that normative and legal regulation is carried out exclusively through legal norms, the external expression of which is the sources of normative and legal regulation. The author analyzes the normative and legal framework that regulates international cooperation in the field of youth and sports, including the laws of Ukraine, decrees of the President of Ukraine, resolutions of the Cabinet of Ministers, as well as international agreements ratified by Ukraine. Special attention is paid to the mechanisms of implementation of international standards into national legislation, as well as the role of the Ministry of Youth and Sports in the formation and implementation of state policy in the relevant field. The main problems and challenges faced by the Ministry in the context of ensuring effective legal regulation of international activities are identified, and recommendations are provided for improving the normative and legal framework. Improvement of the legal framework and active participation in international projects will help Ukraine to achieve high standards in these fields. As a result of the study, the author concludes that cooperation between the Ministry of Youth and Sports of Ukraine and other state and non-state institutions involved in international activities is a prerequisite for the successful development of youth policy and sports in Ukraine. Improving the legal and regulatory framework for the international activities of the Ministry of Youth and Sports of Ukraine is a prerequisite for increasing the efficiency of its work, improving international cooperation and integrating Ukraine into the global sports movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is indicated that in the modern world, where social and environmental problems are becoming increasingly acute, social entrepreneurship appears as an innovative and effective tool for solving them. This phenomenon is at the intersection of business and charity, combining an entrepreneurial approach with a social mission. This article explores the phenomenon of social entrepreneurship as an innovative tool for addressing social and environmental challenges in the modern world. It examines the relevance of developing social entrepreneurship in the context of the UN's global sustainable development goals and in conditions of limited state resources to meet growing social needs. The author analyzes the historical roots of social entrepreneurship, tracing its evolution from the 17th century to the present day. Special attention is given to the «Triple Bottom Line» concept (profit, people, planet), which underlies social entrepreneurship, and the ideas of Nobel laureate M. Yunus regarding «social business». The article discusses the key characteristics of social entrepreneurship that distinguish it from traditional business, and the principles of social enterprise operation. The author identifies three main models of social entrepreneurship: inclusive, social reinvestment, and innovative social model. Particular attention is paid to the legal aspect of social entrepreneurship in Ukraine, specifically the absence of a special organizational and legal form for such activities and the opportunities provided by current legislation. The author emphasizes the role of social entrepreneurship in the development of the economy and civil society, particularly in job creation, overcoming social isolation, and promoting civic participation. The categories of population for whom social entrepreneurship is especially relevant are considered. The conclusions highlight the potential of social entrepreneurship as a tool for achieving sustainable development and building a more inclusive society, as well as the need for further research in this field, especially in the context of post-COVID reality and the state of war in Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides a comprehensive study of various approaches to defining the term «electronic commerce» in the context of modern legal, economic and technological challenges. The analysis begins with an overview of scholarly perspectives on e-commerce, which range from narrow interpretations that focus on basic online sales contracts to broader concepts that encompass all aspects of electronic interaction between business entities, including logistics, marketing, financial operations and international transactions. The term «e-commerce» is clearly distinguished from related concepts, such as «e-commerce», «e-business», which mostly focuses on the sale of goods and services. The article also explores the positive aspects of e-commerce, such as increasing the efficiency of business processes, reducing transaction costs, access to global markets, increased convenience for consumers, etc. At the same time, a number of negatives have been identified, including the risk of personal data theft, payment fraud, and other types of cybercrime. The normative regulation of electronic commerce at the level of international law and in Ukraine is separately analyzed. The main legislative acts and their impact on the development of e-commerce are highlighted. On the basis of the conducted research, three key criteria for a clear definition of e-commerce are formulated, including legal relations arising through electronic means, interaction of entities through the Internet, and multi-level business processes, namely: basic e-commerce, integrated e-commerce and global e-commerce. As a result, a proper understanding of e-commerce as a form of business activity is proposed, which involves the implementation of commercial transactions using information and telecommunication means, covering a wide range of processes, including the conclusion and execution of contracts for the sale of goods and services, payment processing, logistics, marketing and advertising, as well as management of currency and customs operations during international transactions, which allows to increase business efficiency and reduce costs due to process automation, optimization of resource management, rapid exchange of information, reduction of transaction costs and simplification of communication between market participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the issues of characterizing the current state of development of legal regulation of economic activity in the field of organization and conduct of gambling. The development of the gambling industry and market in Ukraine, their impact on social processes, including negative ones, the speed of regulatory reaction, tax revenues and other factors, shows the importance of this type of economic activity in the general economic environment and the need for its comprehensive study. It was determined that the regulation of social relations of this type of economic activity is characterized by a variety of norms that are involved in this process from different branches of law and the presence of current socially significant problems, the response to which is associated with possible changes to legislation. A separate component of these processes is the effect of martial law in Ukraine and the efforts of the subjects of regulatory and legal regulation to use the discretionary powers granted in connection with this. In turn, such actions, regardless of their positive nature, have law enforcement risks associated with the «legal purity» of the adopted normative legal acts. The author examines the current state of legal regulation of economic activity in the field of gambling, considers the possibility of alternative approaches to the generalization of the results of such an analysis, depending on the type of economic relations. It was determined that at the current stage of the development of legislation on gambling, the regulation of such economic activity can be carried out not only with the help of special legislation, but also by individual legal acts (Decision of the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine on the introduction of sanctions), which is contrary to legal principles and the jurisdictional criterion of the origin of regulatory influence. It is concluded that it is necessary to take into account the priority of legislative procedures before the regulatory reaction caused by the resonance of social problems, and it is proposed, taking into account the state of development of the gambling business in Ukraine, to apply special management regimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scientific article examines the essence and development of electronic commerce as a key element of the modern economy, which significantly changes traditional business models and creates new opportunities for entrepreneurs and consumers. The impact of information and communication technologies on economic development is analyzed and their decisive role in the implementation of electronic commerce is indicated. Several key innovations that have fueled the rapid growth of e-commerce are explored, namely: AI-powered personalization, omni-channel commerce across platforms, and the integration of secure electronic payments using emerging technologies such as blockchain. In addition to technological aspects, social and economic factors that contributed to the development of e-commerce are considered, including the COVID-19 pandemic, changing consumer habits and the growth of logistics companies. The article also covers the issue of legal regulation of electronic commerce, analyzing international legal acts. It is concluded that e-commerce is a complex phenomenon that includes not only trade transactions but also related business processes such as marketing, data processing and supply chain management. The need for further development of the legal framework for its effective functioning in Ukraine and the world is indicated. E-commerce is proposed to be understood as the process of buying, selling or exchanging goods, services and information using electronic means, mainly through Internet platforms, covering a variety of business processes, such as: online trade, electronic payments, digital marketing, supply chain management, etc.. It was established that the relationship between the right to entrepreneurial activity and e-commerce is that e-commerce is one of the forms of entrepreneurial activity that is adapted to the modern conditions of the digital economy and the development of information technologies, in particular, this relationship is embodied through the prism the following legal relations: the right to entrepreneurial activity as a basis. The constitutional right to entrepreneurial activity provides an opportunity to freely choose and carry out economic activity for the purpose of obtaining profit. This right covers the freedom to choose the form of doing business, dispose of profits and protect one's interests in the process of carrying out economic activities; digitalization as a form of entrepreneurship. Electronic commerce (e-commerce) expands the traditional possibilities of conducting business, offering new ways for entrepreneurs through the Internet. It covers not only the purchase and sale of goods and services, but also various business processes related to the exchange of digital information, financial transactions and logistics management; digital capabilities. Thanks to electronic commerce, the right to do business is expanded by accessing global markets and simplifying interaction with customers, which allows doing business regardless of geographical boundaries and time. Entrepreneurs can quickly implement new technologies, automate business processes and provide an individual approach to consumers through digital platforms; protection, provision and settlement. Thus, the state, realizing the constitutional right to entrepreneurship, must ensure legal regulation of electronic commerce. This includes the protection of consumer rights, control over the quality of services, regulation of digital signatures, protection of personal data and support for the security of online payments; innovation and competition. E-commerce stimulates the development of entrepreneurship, increasing competition through opportunities for innovation. Entrepreneurs working in e-commerce gain competitive advantages due to the efficiency of digital technologies and global opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scientific article explores the issue of corruption in the local self-government bodies of Ukraine and provides suggestions for its prevention and eradication. The article emphasizes examining the reasons and mechanisms for the formation of corrupt practices at the local level, pointing to insufficient transparency and openness in governmental processes, instability in governance structures, and political influences as key factors contributing to the spread of corruption. One of the main recommendations is the necessity of ensuring consistency and stability in legal regulation. It is believed that laws and regulatory acts should be appropriately updated and adapted to changes in society, as well as accessible and understandable to all citizens, which is an important factor in preventing corruption. The active participation of the public in monitoring the activities of governmental structures is also recognized as an effective mechanism for combating corruption. Civil society organizations, activists, and journalists can act as important parties tracking the activities of authorities and contributing to the detection of corrupt practices. Furthermore, the implementation of electronic governance and reporting can significantly enhance transparency and openness in the activities of local self-government bodies and contribute to the detection and prevention of corrupt practices. An important aspect of combating corruption is the role of anti-corruption agencies and international partners. For example, the National Agency on Corruption Prevention (NACP) in Ukraine oversees the financial activities of officials, including representatives of local self-government bodies. International organizations and programs, such as the European Commission, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and the World Bank, provide financial and technical support for the implementation of anti-corruption measures at the local level. Achieving progress in combating corruption in local self-government bodies requires a systematic approach to improving legal regulation and active citizen participation. Ensuring accessibility and transparency of information about the activities of local authorities, implementing mechanisms of accountability, and increasing the level of legal literacy among citizens are key factors in successfully combating corruption. Therefore, by analyzing the political, legal, and social prerequisites of corruption in local self-government bodies, the article emphasizes the necessity of comprehensive measures to improve legal regulation, engage civil society, and involve international partners in the fight against this negative phenomenon. Only through joint efforts can significant reduction of corruption levels be achieved and improvement of democratic governance at the local level in Ukraine be ensured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article addresses the issues of legal regulation of administrative liability for offenses that undermine the established order of governance. The authors analyze the peculiarities of normative fixation of administrative offenses provided for in Chapter 15 of the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses and point out the inconsistency of certain provisions of the Code with modern conditions, including wartime. According to the authors, this fosters a sense of impunity among offenders and a sense of helplessness among law enforcement officials in the face of the «letter of the law.» Analyzing the features of administrative offenses that affect established management procedures allows drawing conclusions about the multitude of special subjects for violations within the named group, as well as the diversity of manifestations of the subjective aspect. This is associated with the creation of new institutions (Bureau of Economic Security, State Special Communications Service and Information Protection of Ukraine, among others), as well as the expediency of legal protection of relationships that have emerged relatively recently (such as personal data protection). Despite the importance of applying measures of administrative liability for violations affecting established management procedures, there are numerous shortcomings in the legal regulation of such liability. Among these shortcomings, the following should be highlighted: disproportionality of sanctions to the severity of the offense committed, obsolescence of certain provisions, impossibility of holding accountable individuals who are not citizens of Ukraine; a significant number of offense elements, the qualification of which requires studying special regulatory acts, impossibility of holding minors accountable on general grounds; lack of administrative liability for violations of curfew and failure to observe blackout measures during a state of war, and so on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article delves into the legal aspects of employing various defense components. It analyzes regulatory and legal documents that define the tasks and purposes of Ukraine's Defense Forces, including security forces, defense forces, the defense industry complex, and citizens and public associations that voluntarily participate in ensuring national security. The article outlines their functions, as reflected in new strategic documents. It demonstrates that the primary focus of security and defense sector development is on restoring and maintaining the state's defense capability at an appropriate level. The paper identifies additional powers granted to military command under martial law, which are associated with certain limitations on rights and freedoms, necessary to ensure the possibility of introducing and implementing martial law measures. The study analyzes the entities entrusted with tasks related to the implementation of the state's defense function, namely: the Armed Forces of Ukraine, the National Guard of Ukraine, and the State Border Service of Ukraine. It reveals that the lack of a unified normative act regulating the interaction between security and defense sector institutions within the framework of tasks for ensuring the state's defense poses a certain problem. This item examines the powers of the National Police of Ukraine under martial law and emphasizes the legal status and organization of territorial defense units. An analysis of criminal norms reveals that the amendments and additions to the Criminal Code of Ukraine will become the basis for establishing constitutional order in society and the state as a whole. The article states that in the context of the aggravation of the socio-political situation in Ukraine, caused by the active influence of the Russian Federation on the spread of anti-state and separatist tendencies and direct interference in all social processes of Ukraine, there is a need to unite all components of security and defense, given the complexity of the threats facing the country. It is noted that it will be possible to separate issues into separate security or defense ones only after the elimination of the threat from the Russian Federation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scientific article identifies topical issues of civil partnership in the conditions of martial law in Ukraine and suggests ways to solve them. Based on the analysis of static data, the opinions of scientists, the norms of current legislation and other public information, the relevance of the given question is argued. The work focuses on the fact that in the conditions of martial law, the inequality of rights between heterosexual and LGBT+ couples is more pronounced than in peacetime. It is emphasized that during martial law, in addition to the general rights and obligations of spouses as a family under family law, one of the spouses receives the right to social protection in case of military service of the other spouse. The absence of the institution of civil partnership is defined as a form of discrimination based on sexual orientation, atypical social gender of a person, etc. Marriage, or civil partnership, or registered partnership is defined as a legal act that entails legal consequences - mutual rights and obligations. It was found that the exercise of rights by unregistered partners of military personnel takes place through the use of alternative methods. It is emphasized that the contract of civil partnership can be the basis for exercising the rights of partners, one of whom is doing military service. Based on the research of the legal framework in the field of civil partnership, it was found that the introduction of the institution of civil partnership was not the first time that it became the subject of law-making activity in Ukraine, but it has not found its implementation in a specific Law of Ukraine until now. The public position on the need to adopt the Law of Ukraine «On the Institute of Registered Partnerships» is supported, given the precedents of discrimination against the rights of military personnel and their family members, who belong to the LGBT+ community and beyond. It was concluded that the introduction of the institution of civil partnership in Ukrainian legislation is a step towards a people-centered model of statehood formation, towards the implementation of world standards of human rights compliance in Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The control of autonomous weapons systems (AWS) has been an emerging issue in international arms control in recent years. With the rapid development of AWS and the widespread militarization of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, there are an increasing number of potential risks that could eventually threaten all humankind. Despite AWS's advantages of military force enhancement, the legal and ethical risks, challenges, and implications for international security cannot be ignored. In the current international environment, strengthening legal regulation of the research and development (R&D) of AWS could be an effective way to mitigate the risks AWS poses. Despite the significance of the 11 Guiding Principles proposed by the 2019 Group of Governmental Experts (GGE), the problems of overly broad provisions and lack of enforceability are also recognized. This paper further analyzes the legal review mechanism and accountability mechanism for the R&D of AWS. By elaborating on these two regulatory mechanisms, critical issues and challenges in the R&D of AWS are identified, and relevant recommendations are made with a view to compliance by States with international humanitarian law (IHL) in their activities to the R&D of AWS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION. The degree of processing (manipulation) of cells included in a cell product and the functions performed after administration (homologous/non-homologous use) determine the classification of the cell product as a transplant or an advanced therapy medicinal product (ATMP) and, hence, the regulatory aspects of the product’s life cycle. Currently, the legislation of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) and the Russian Federation does not sufficiently explain the terms ‘minimal manipulation’ and ‘homologous/non-homologous use’, which may lead to the use of cell products with unproven safety and efficacy in humans.AIM. This study aimed to compare Russian and international approaches to the interpretation of the terms ‘minimal manipulation’ and ‘homologous/non-homologous use’ for classifying cell products and determining their regulatory pathways, with stromal vascular fraction (SVF) products used as an example.DISCUSSION. This article reviews and summarises the regulatory approaches of the Russian Federation, the EAEU, the United States (US), and the European Union (EU) that are based on the classification of cell products according to the degree of cell manipulation and the functions performed after administration. The authors have analysed and compared the regulatory acts and approaches of the countries under consideration, with SVF products as a case study. The article highlights general aspects of interpreting the terms ‘minimal manipulation’ and ‘homologous/ non-homologous use’ and demonstrates the difference in regulatory approaches across several countries, which lies in the classification of enzymatic processing and selective collection of cells as substantial or minimal manipulation.CONCLUSIONS. The mechanism for regulating cell products depends on the degree of cell manipulation (substantial or minimal) and the intended use (homologous or non-homologous). A common principle adopted by regulatory agencies in the US, EU, EAEU, and Russia is to classify manipulation as minimal if the manipulated cells preserve their biological characteristics and physiological function. A defining characteristic of the homologous use of cells or tissues is their administration to perform their inherent functions in the body. In Russia, the regulatory acts for ATMPs and for transplants list the procedures classified as minimal manipulation. According to international standards, preparations based on minimally manipulated SVF cells are classified as ATMPs when used non-homologously. The lack of comprehensive and clear explanations of the terms ‘minimal manipulation’ and ‘homologous/non-homologous use’ in the legislation of the EAEU and the Russian Federation necessitates the development of relevant guidelines providing specific examples.

The article addresses the issues in healthcare delivery and organization of public healthcare in the face of rapid advancements in digital technologies. The purpose of the study is to outline the legal challenges arising during the implementation of concepts such as digital health, e-health, mobile health as well as establishing the legal framework for electronic medical records and telemedicine, and certain types of innovative biomedical activities. The article illustrates the consistent impact of information and communication technologies on the interaction between patients and healthcare providers. It defines the legal framework for telemedicine and its transition to e-health. The study systematizes the particularities of legal regulations concerning both general electronic medical record and those developed by specialized medical organizations. It presents legal challenges related to data compatibility and potential cross-border exchanges. The concept of mobile healthcare is analyzed, with attention given to the risks associated with its development, notably threats to privacy and cybersecurity. The main directions of digital medicine and the challenges faced by modern legal regulations are summarized, including the use of big data, the integration of artificial intelligence, translational bioinformatics, gamification of various stages of medical care, etc. Additionally, the legal challenges arising from the use of big data and introduction of certain digital devices into medical practice are outlined, with special attention given to the brain-computer interface. Comprehensive recommendations for the improvement of healthcare legislation are presented.

The relevance of the issue under study in this article is due to the rapid development of social relations, which leads to the constant emergence of new types of transactions, their formalization and regulation. A transaction is a basic category for the regulation of civil legal relations, including such a type of transaction such as a fraudulent transaction. A comprehensive study of the institute of fraudulent transactions in Ukraine will be a significant basis for further improvement of the current not only civil legislation, but also administrative legislation, and will unify the judicial practice of applying legislation on fraudulent transactions. The following methods were used in the study of scientific cognition, such as: systemic and structural; comparative; and the method of analysis. Based on the analysis of the current legislation of Ukraine in the field of application of fraudulent transactions the author emphasizes that there is no clear definition of a fraudulent transaction, its features, and the consequences of its conclusion. However, the absence of a regulatory definition of a fraudulent transaction in the current legislation of Ukraine causes conflicts in court decisions, as evidenced by the analysis of court practice, including that of the Supreme Court of Ukraine analysis of court practice, including that of the Supreme Court. This legislative gap should be regulated, since the legal regulation of fraudulent transactions in Ukraine plays an important role in the administration of justice and protection of participants whose interests are violated by such transactions. The author reviews of the key categories of this scientific article, including “legal regulation” “fraudulence”, ‘fraudulent transaction’. The author proposes to define a fraudulent transaction as to understand the action of a debtor or a party to a legal relationship which exists at the time of or has a high probability of becoming a party to a legal relationship, which can be expressed by both active and passive legal behavior aimed at avoidance of undesirable consequences for the debtor or a person (probable party to the legal relationship) Consequences aimed at avoiding civil liability, non-occurrence of undesirable civil status, or obtaining a benefit in an unfair manner. The author concludes that it is necessary to improve the legal regulation of a fraudulent transaction in Ukraine in the context of defining its essence, features essential terms of the contract, and legal consequences of its application.

In Russia, since the early 2000s, a largescale work has been carried out to digitize all areas of state activity, which started with the adoption of the Federal Target Program «Electronic Russia» in 2002 and was in effect from 2002 to 2010. In fact, we can talk about the beginning of the process of global digitalization of every person and his life. Currently, these processes are taking place within the framework of the implementation of the National Program «Digital Economy of the Russian Federation» in the following areas: – Normative regulation of the digital environment; – Digital economy personnel; – Information infr astructure; – Information securit y; – Digital technologies; – Digital public administr ation; – Artificial intelligence; – Development of human resources in the IT industry; – Providing Internet access through the development of sat ellite communications. Of particular scientific interest are the issues of artificial intelligence technologies application, as the most, in our opinion, perspective and promising direction that can fundamentally change (improve) the quality of people’s lives. However, the introduction of any new technologies carries certain risks of negative consequences, and, accordingly, there are issues of liability for harm caused by the use of these technologies. Purpose: to analyze the issues of civil liability for harm caused by the use of artificial intelligence. Methods: empirical methods of comparison, description, interpretation; theoretical methods of formal and dialectical logic; specific scientific methods: legal-dogmatic and interpretation of legal norms. Results: the study identifies problematic aspects of the use of artificial intelligence in terms of legal regulation of harm caused when using this technology. The author presents a number of proposals for discussion by the scientific community, the implementation of which will minimize the risks of harm when using artificial intelligence or reduce the consequences of such harm.

The health and well-being of the population are two core values that underpin the Russian state policy. With digitizing healthcare, a growing interest has been witnessed in the constitutional value of health, as well as the right to healthcare and medical assistance. This focus is essential for the development of the Russian healthcare legislation and state policy strategies. Here, the normative content of the right to healthcare was explored from historical and current perspectives. The study used both standard (analysis and synthesis) and some specific (historical, statistical, logical and comparative legal) methods. The analysis was based on the constitutional provisions of the Soviet era and the Constitution of 1993; the laws and regulations of the federal Russia that concern healthcare and define the priority areas of the Russian state policy; and the legal interpretations from the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and general jurisdiction courts. Particular attention was given to the role of health in different areas of life, such as the economy, society, environment, science, and technology. The retrospective research on the constitutional regulation of the social value of health during the Soviet era was performed. The normative content of this value and its components in the current Russian legislation was identified. Guarantees for the right to healthcare and medical assistance in the priority areas of the Russian state policy were considered. Recommendations to improve these established guarantees were designed.

This paper dwells on the problem of regulatory and legal support for the processes of knowledge and information systems management, which take place in the conditions of the digital economy. Specific features and theoretical foundations of the regulation of digital knowledge, technologies, and information systems are considered, and their complexity and dynamic character, which require a high level of flexibility and adaptability from the legal system, are determined. Different levels and elements of the legal environment and regulatory support of the studied processes are analysed, and spheres of the normative and legal regulation and examples of their support, adopted in the European Union as one of the leaders in digital transformation, are considered. The research methodology is based on the dialectic and system approaches, which combine processes peculiar to law, management, state regulation, economics, cybernetics, technical sciences, etc. Focus is made on philosophical and ethical principles of regulating the opportunities for using digital technologies in the modern world. The methodological tools of the research include specific historical method, analysis, synthesis, observation, generalisation, and observation. The value of this research consists in the generalisation and structuring of the conditions and processes of the legal regulation of knowledge and information systems management in the context of the digital economy and the use of digital solutions. This is manifested through a selection of the key spheres of legal regulation and a description of the complex character of the legal environment of the studied processes, which covers not only imperative legal acts but also dispositive norms, as well as the individual responsibility of developers and users.

The article examines the provisions of international legislation on the use of individual armor protection by the civilian population, as well as the prospects of their implementation in national legal systems. It has been established that the international legislation on the use of armor protection by civilians is an extensive system of normative legal acts that represent the fields of international humanitarian law, international public law and international human rights law. The general purpose of these normative legal acts is to form a framework for ensuring the protection of civilians in armed conflicts at the level of national legal systems. The key provisions of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948, the Geneva Convention for the Protection of Civilian Population in Time of War of 1948, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights of 1966 and the Convention on the Rights of the Child of 1989 and other acts of international law defining human rights to life are characterized. and personal integrity, mechanisms for the implementation and protection of these rights, as well as the legal status of citizens in armed conflicts. It has been established that the acts of international legislation determine the guiding principles that form the basis of national laws on the use of individual armor protection by the civilian population, namely the principles of distinction, proportionality and accountability. The specified principles should serve as a guideline for national legislators when developing normative legal acts on civil protection of the population. On the example of the Republic of Bulgaria, the foreign experience of taking into account the provisions of international legislation in the development of the legal basis for the production, possession and use of individual armor protection by the civilian populati on is considered. The importance of the consistent implementation of the provisions of international legislation on the use of individual armor protection by the civilian population in the context of the integration of Ukraine into the global political and legal space and the implementation of the state's obligations in the field of human rights is emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the coverage of priorities for improving the legal mechanism of real estate property taxation and legal concepts of reformation of administration of tax on real estate property, different from land plot, taking into account the current legal regime of martial law and the prospects of the post-war period in Ukraine. In the context of solvency, the property owner uses affordable and highquality public goods and services. They are financed from the local budget, where this property owner рауs local taxes and fees, performing economic activity and / or living in the territorial community. For last years in Ukraine there has been an increase in income from the real estate property tax. It may indicate the strengthening of its fiscal significance and the need for further filling of the State Register of Property Rights to Real Estate Property and improving the administration of this tax. Administration costs shouldn't be burdensome. Attention is paid to the debatable nature of the existing real estate property tax administration trends and proposals for further reforming the procedures for collection of this tax. It leads to the search for effective legal ensuring of the optimal model of taxation of real estate objects in Ukraine both during the legal regime of martial law or state of emergency, and in the post-war period. Proven need to use of cadastral valuation in determining the value of real estate object as a tax base for the annual real estate property tax. It will help to avoid discrimination in the taxation of real estate property owners and ensure an objective tax burden. It is noted that during martial law and in the medium-term post-war perspective, Ukraine lacks economic and legislative prerequisites for the introduction of cost and physical indicators for determining the tax base for this tax. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article clarified that the state policy in the field of economic security can be considered as a process of adopting legislative acts or management decisions regarding stable and significant economic growth; effective satisfaction of economic needs; state control over the movement and use of national resources; protection of the country's economic interests at both the national and international levels and further control over the implementation of such strategic directions, which is determined by the state leadership and implemented by the authorized subjects of the public administration, as well as organizing the purposeful influence of the authorized subjects of the public administration on public relations in the field of economic security with the help of nor matively determined forms and methods. The goal of state regulation is to optimize the level of economic security, which involves achieving a balance between savings and investments, as well as ensuring macroeconomic stability. This includes supporting sustainable economic growth and creating favorable economic and legal conditions for business entities. In accordance with the tasks of state policy in the field of ensuring the economic security of the state, its subspecies are regulatory and institutional policy, policy of ensuring the economic rights of citizens, policy of the development of the national economy and economic relations, policy of digitization of economic relations, ensuring economic and financial literacy of the population, as well as law enforcement policy in the field of economic security. It is emphasized that the principles of the state policy of sustainable development of the economy are divided into general principles that can be applied to most spheres of socio-political and socio-economic life of the state, as well as organizational principles that characterize the subject and spatial components of the formation and implementation of state policy in the sphere of ensuring economic state security. It was established that the existence of the Ukrainian economy in a state of crisis requires the implementation at the state level of a system-complex program of actions, an institutional concept of economic security in the system of the updated economic strategy of Ukraine, aimed at the sustainable development of the state economy, revival of economic potential, increasing the level of national security and its economic component, determination of destabilizing factors, localization of their negative impact, implementation of preventive measures, timely compensation of deviations from the normal state, which necessitates further scientific developments in thi s direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article revolves around legal and organizational aspects of tariff regulation for freight rail transport in the Republic of Poland. A detailed characterization of the Polish legislation on tariff regulation of freight transportation by rail was carried out. Its correlation with the requirements of the Directive 2012/34/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 November 2012 Establishing a single European railway area is highlighted. The main provisions of the Law of the Republic of Poland "On Railway Transport" in the part of the tariff regulation of railway freight transportation has been analysed. It has been stated, that this Law ensures the flexibility of railway transport tariffs and significantly contributes to liberalization of the national market of transport services in Poland. On the example of Poland, it has been proven that the liberalization of the tariff regulation of railway transportation ensures a reasonable balance between the economic interests of the state and private business. In general tariff regulation of railway transportation of goods in the Republic of Poland is characterized by high efficiency. It has been established that the development of the legal basis for the tariff regulation of rail freight transportation in the Republic of Poland is dominated by the trends towards the creation of a competitive rail freight transportation market; liberalization of tariff regulation of railway transportation; ensuring non-discriminatory access to railway transport infrastructure; inclusion of an investment component in tariffs for mandatory infrastructure access services. It was concluded that the outlined trends serve as a reliable reference point for the development of the legal basis for the tariff regulation of rail freight transportation in Ukraine, which is confidently moving towards integration into the EU economic system. Their consideration is an important step on the way of regulatory adaptation to the acquis communautaire of the European Union. Systematic consideration of these trends when updating industry legislation will significantly contribute to ensuring the stability, safety and economic return of rail freight transportation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This scientific article is devoted to the analysis of key aspects that arise in connection with the digitalization of the economy and the growth of electronic commerce. The impact of technology on business models, legal regulation of electronic transactions, protection of consumer rights and cyber security issues are investigated. The article emphasizes that digitization opens new opportunities for business, in particular through the implementation of digital platforms, omnichannel strategies and process automation. Digital platforms such as Amazon and Alibaba are becoming important tools for business globalization as they facilitate access to international markets, reduce the need for physical infrastructure, and enable the integration of business processe s. The legal regulation of electronic transactions and contracts has been studied. It is noted that the development of e-commerce requires legal certainty, regarding electronic signatures, electronic documents and digital identifiers. There are differences in approaches to these issues in different countries, which creates challenges for cross-border trade. In Ukraine, this issue is regulated by the Law «On electronic identification and electronic trust services», which meets EU standards, particularly the eIDAS Regulation. Challenges related to the protection of consumer rights in the digital economy are analyzed. Consumers face new risks such as privacy breaches and fraud in the online environment. International standards, such as GDPR, ensure a high level of personal data protection, while Ukrainian legislation needs further harmonization with international norms to increase the level of consumer rights protection. The policy of cyber security in the field of implementation of legal relations in electronic commerce was studied. Data protection, cybercrime prevention and information security are becoming key challenges for national governments and international organizations. It is important to implement international standards, such as PCI DSS, which guarantee the security of payment card data during their processing and storage. The fact that digitalization, on the one hand, requires adaptation of legal regulation to new conditions, but on the other hand, creates new opportunities for improving legal mechanisms, is summarized. Studying these aspects allows for a deeper understanding of how to adapt legal systems to further the development of e-commerce and ensure a balance between innovation and the protection of the rights of participants in the digital economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the urgent aspects of remote employment as one of the forms of non-standard employment in contemporary conditions. At first glance, this type of employment offers more flexibility and independence, but in reality, it is associated with numerous challenges and issues. One of the most important aspects is the need for more detailed regulation and governance of remote employment. Adherence to universally recognized labor rights is essential, as the lack of physical contact can lead to various violations in the labor sphere. The current state of legislation has been analyzed and key aspects of problems that need to be resolved to ensure an adequate level of legal protection for employees have been identified. The article particularly expresses the opinion that the existing regulatory legal acts governing the order of remote employment are outdated. Current statistical data and sociological research emphasizing the importance of developing the legislative framework in this area are taken into account. This indicates the necessity for updating these regulations in line with modern realities and challenges posed by contemporary labor relations. Attention is drawn to the rapid development of the digital economy, which underscores the importance of developing relevant legislation. This will not only ensure the dynamic development of labor relations but also contribute to the preservation of employees' health and safety. Clear regulation of these issues will improve the quality of life for workers and address challenges associated with remote employment. The active participation of Ukrainian companies that implement advanced management practices and experiment with remote employment as one of the alternative for ms of employment was also noted. Additionally, the article examines the advantages and disadvantages of remote employment for both employees and employers, considering their views and interests. In general, the article aims to emphasize the importance of legal regulation of remote employment and its impact on the development of modern labor relations. The authors highlight the need to improve legislation in light of current trends and challenges, which will contribute to the stability and development of the labor market amid ongoing technological transformations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the problems of legal regulation of electronic commerce as a key component of the modern digital economy. Since e-commerce is a global phenomenon that is rapidly developing, new challenges arise in the legal field, in particular, the need to harmonize national and international legal standards. It is stated that dynamic changes in the field of e-commerce require adaptation of national legal acts to respond to modern challenges, particularly in the field of international transactions. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that modern technologies create new forms of digital legal relations, which national legal systems do not always have time to adequately regulate. This calls for an in-depth analysis of the mechanisms of legal regulation of electronic commerce at the international and national levels. An important task is the harmonization of national legal norms with international standards, which will ensure the stability of the legal system and the protection of the rights of market participants. The article draws attention to the fact that, despite a significant amount of research in the field of electronic commerce, there is a significant gap in the legal regulation of this field in different countries, which complicates the work of international platforms and the protection of the rights of consumers and entrepreneurs. During the study, a comprehensive analysis of key legislative acts of Ukraine regulating electronic commerce was carried out, including the Law of Ukraine «On Electronic Commerce», the Law of Ukraine «On Electronic Identification and Electronic Trust Services» and others. The article emphasizes the importance of further harmonization of Ukrainian legislation with international standards, which is necessary to ensure legal certainty and stability in the conditions of global digitalization of the economy. Considerable attention is paid to the analysis of international legal acts, such as the UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce and the Guidelines for Electronic Commerce of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. These documents play a key role in harmonizing international legal norms and creating a single legal space for electronic co mmerce. Attention is focused on the fact that effective legal regulation of electronic commerce is important for the development of international trade, ensuring the security of electronic transactions and protecting the rights of all market participants. The need to adapt national legal systems to the requirements of international standards is substantiated, which will contribute to the growth of electronic commerce and increase the competitiveness of states in the global economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relevance of this research topic is conditioned by the increasing number of cases of looting during armed conflicts, which requires the improvement of legal mechanisms for criminalising this act. Even though looting is recognised as a war crime at the international level, there are significant differences in approaches to its criminalisation and the determination of liability for such acts in national legal systems. This creates the risk of ambiguous interpretation of legal norms in judicial practice and complicates the administration of justice. The purpose of this study was to analyse the global and national experiences with the criminalisation of looting during armed conflicts, using the cases of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sierra Leone, and Ukraine, as well as to formulate recommendations for improving Ukraine’s national legislation in this area. The study employed the methods of comparative legal analysis, formal legal analysis, and case law analysis. The study compared the criminal law provisions and approaches of different countries to the prosecution of pillage, specifically the concepts of “military necessity” and “spoils of war”. The findings of the study showed that the absence of clear legal definitions and criteria for assessing “military necessity” and “gravity of the violation” complicates prosecution for this crime and creates risks of abuse. The study revealed major differences in approaches to the criminalisation of looting, particularly in determining the scope and conditions of liability. The practical value of this study lies in its recommendations for harmonising Ukrainian legislation with international standards. It was suggested that a separate law be drafted to define the mechanisms for criminalising looting during armed conflicts, to establish clear criteria for assessing military necessity, and to unify approaches to judicial practice. This will help to increase the effectiveness of investigations and prosecutions of this type of war crime and strengthen Ukraine’s legal framework in armed conflict

This article presents an analysis of strategies used for the legal regulation of digital transformation processes at the municipal level in the BRICS countries. A systematic analysis of modern trends in the legal regulation of digital transformation in Brazil, South Africa, India and China was carried out, and the features and general directions of this process were highlighted. The authors noted a variety of different approaches to normalizing digital processes in management, ranging from fixing basic principles at the constitutional level to developing “flexible” regulation constitutionally mandated through by-laws and state political and legal documents. It is shown that the digitalization of public administration is primarily focused on the level of national government, since financial resources are specifically concentrated at the highest level of governance. It is concluded that the specificity of local government, manifested in a high degree of self-government and participation of the population in solving life support issues, objectively requires a shift in the emphasis of digitalization to the local level of government. It has been proven that this process requires strategic state planning on the part of the state for the digitalization of local self-government, taking into account the elimination of the “digital divide” in municipalities. The authors propose the implementation and development of the “smart city” concept in the BRICS countries with a differentiated scale of digitalization criteria for the various municipalities.

The relevance of the topic is due to the increasing influence of Specialized Financial Companies in connection with the constant development of the investment market and the increasing need of society in innovative products, taking into account the lack of research in the Russian science and expert community. It should also be noted that Specialized Financial Societies are becoming an increasingly interesting instrument both abroad and in Russian corporate law, especially in view of the forthcoming “tax reform” in 2025. The purpose of the study is to summarize the opinions of the expert-scientific community and dive into the legislation and law enforcement practice of foreign jurisdictions in order to identify positive aspects of regulation, gaps in the current Russian legislation and problems in legal regulation. Materials and methods. The research was based on the following methods: factual method, in the form of analysis of the current legislation of Russia; comparative-legal method, allowing to evaluate the institution of Specialised Financial Companies from the point of view of approaches applied in various foreign jurisdictions; method of analysis and generalisation of materials in official Internet resources. The result of the study is the identification of shortcomings in legal regulation, systematization of distinctive features of Specialized Financial Companies, identification of their advantages over other corporations, analysis of examples of the use of Specialized Financial Companies (SPV) in foreign countries, determination of their role and functions in the economy.

The article analyzes public-private partnership as a legal institution of the Republic of Turkey. The authors examine the process of formation and development of this institution in the context of the global trend of its popularization as an instrument of economic policy. At the same time, it is emphasized that if in the era of the Ottoman Empire, public-private partnership was used as a way to pressure European countries on a weakening Port, then at the end of the last century this institution became widespread in the country as a mechanism for implementing neoliberal economic policy. The paper analyzes the current legislation regulating public-private partnership. The authors state the absence of a single normative legal act, as well as analyze the reasons for the current situation. The essence of each law is revealed in an inextricable connection with various models of public-private partnership. Special attention is paid to the sectors of the economy in which certain models are used. Special attention is paid to the peculiarities of the legal status of public-private partnership in Turkey. It is assumed that such a feature can be considered the active support of the state in the financing of the most significant projects. The paper emphasizes the focus of the country’s authorities on attracting foreign investment through public-private partnership. As the important feature the authors consider the broad powers of municipal authorities in the field of attracting business to the implementation of infrastructure projects. It is emphasized that this circumstance should not escape the attention of Russian researchers, since the participation of Russian commercial organizations in projects implemented by municipal authorities opens up new opportunities in strengthening the influence and positions of domestic business in this country. The article analyzes the ideologization of Turkey’s approach to the analysis of public-private partnership on the part of the academic community.

Objective: to explore and identify the issues and opportunities for the ethical and legal regulation of artificial intelligence by the example of digital transformation in Morocco.Methods: the study was conducted using analytical and comparative approaches to address the emerging legal issues arising from the development of artificial intelligence. The traditional scientific method in law is based on legal analysis, which was applied to the study of legal texts, scientific literature, diagnosis of the condition of the study field at the national and international level. Along with this, the comparative approach in law was used, which made it possible to examine the Moroccan legislation comparison with that of other countries.Results: the article presents a review of scientific literature on the legal and ethical issues of using artificial intelligence. Legal texts and decrees developed at national and international level, directly or indirectly linked to the use of artificial intelligence, were reviewed. Moroccan legislation was compared with that of other countries. The findings suggest that, in the absence of a specific legal framework for artificial intelligence systems, the adoption of ethical standards in the form of guidelines, best practices and ethical charters is preferable. These mechanisms appear to be a viable alternative to legal regulation. In this sense, several initiatives were taken to promote “soft law”, which aims to encourage appropriate behavior of technological agents.Scientific novelty: the analysis of digital transformations in Morocco made it possible to present a comprehensive view on the role of ethical aspects and on the sufficiency of law to respond to the changes in the modern society, transformed by the development of artificial intelligence.Practical significance: the study allows identifying ways to find a more flexible balance between “soft” and “hard” law in the regulation of relations, taking into account the technological reality. This should encourage the appropriate behavior of technological agents and positively affect the specificity of the current situation. Today, the “hard law” slowly recognizes and addresses the problems associated with the digital technologies’ regulation and slowly takes into account the possible risks posed by artificial intelligence and the insufficiency of its regulation.

INTRODUCTION. The subject of this study is achievements (results) of technology, or more precisely, products of artificial intelligence (intelligent machine; intelligent computer program, etc.) and their impact on the implementation of human rights through the prism of the human mind and in the context of the international legal, including the human rights dimension.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The scientific research is based on the work of both Russian and foreign specialists in the field of law, international law, international human rights law, as well as specialists in the regulation and use of artificial intelligence products. Documents and materials of international organizations, primarily the United Nations (UN), as well as national legal acts of the Russian Federation have been analyzed. In the preparation of the study, general scientific, comparative legal and specifically legal methods were used.RESEARCH RESULTS. Within the framework of the conducted research, the authors delved into the concept of the term “artificial intelligence” itself, and come to the conclusion that despite its widespread use by specialists in various fields, there is no single concept of this term at the moment. The authors analyzed the national legal framework of the Russian Federation directly or indirectly regulating the use of AI products, as well as international legal achievements in the regulation of this area (primarily at the universal (UN) and integration (European Union (EU)) levels), with a special emphasis on the implementation and observance of human rights and freedoms.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. The authors came to the conclusion that the nature of the impact of artificial intelligence on the realization of human rights is dual. Already at the initial stage of defining the legal regime for the development and use of AI products weak mechanisms of control and responsibility in this sphere are laid down. The question arises as to which legal regime is preferable for states whose corporations are leading in the development of AI products. Despite existing international legal regulatory mechanisms, this protection is still insufficient.

Objective: to formulate recommendations and proposals for improving legislation in the field of protection of genomic and genetic information, including those obtained as a result of medical diagnostics.Materials and methods. We analyzed 18 regulatory legal acts, including 4 international, 3 acts of foreign states, 11 domestic legislation and judicial practice in the area under study. In addition, scientific works on this topic were analyzed. In the course of the study, we used the formal-logical, dogmatic, comparative method and axiological approaches.Results. We formulated the concepts of genomic and genetic information and demonstrated differences between these concepts. We showed topical issues of information protection, identified problems in the field of legal regulation of relevant relations, formulated recommendations and proposals for improving legal regulation.Conclusion. Based on performed research results, we recommend: 1. To incorporate in the legislation of the Russian Federation the principle that would allow the use of genetic information for further research depending on certain cases using a criteria-based approach, when such use should meet important public interests, for example, contributes to developing methods for the treatment of serious and socially significant diseases. 2. Regulate relations in the field of obtaining consent for research of biological material for scientific purposes (for example, within the framework of the Federal Law "On Personal Data"). 3. To define in Federal Law No. 86-FZ of July 5, 1996 "On State Regulation in the Field of Genetic Engineering Activities" the cases that require ethical examination in order to comply with the principle of safety of clinical trials of gene diagnostic methods, as well as in other cases. 4. Medical organizations shall ensure compliance with the rules of professional ethics in terms of data confidentiality, carry out their depersonalization, notify patients in writing about compliance with such a regime and, as a result, provide guarantees for the protection of information about patients, as well as about their relatives.

This article highlights the relevance and necessity of recognizing prior learning outcomes in academic mobility, personal development (in particular – professional development), and employment. The article's main aim is to explore the current situation in Ukraine and develop recommendations for improving existing practices and enhancing the quality of recognition processes, thereby expanding educational opportunities for learners. An analysis of survey results gained from management and academic staff of higher education institutions revealed problematic areas in the evaluation of learning outcomes, particularly in assessing skills and competencies acquired in the workplace. It was found that there is a significant interest in recognition in Ukraine, leading to the necessity for the Ukrainian higher education system to develop effective mechanisms for recognizing prior learning outcomes. This, in turn, plays an important role in improving the quality of educational services and expanding educational prospects for learners. For the first time in the Ukrainian context, a comprehensive analysis of the problems associated with the recognition of prior learning has been conducted, including the legal regulation and the practice of the academic activities of Ukrainian higher education institutions. Based on this analysis, the main barriers and challenges faced by higher education institutions in recognizing prior learning outcomes obtained through non-formal education and informal learning, have been identified. The holistic view of recognition processes in Ukrainian higher education institutions formulated by the authors allowed for the development of recommendations to improve existing practices and enhance the quality of recognition processes

The year 2024 is marked by the relevance of considering the interaction between state bodies and public institutions, especially in the context of wars such as the Russian-Ukrainian war. Despite these difficulties, Ukrainian society has been active in confronting the aggressor and has received support from democratic countries. The study aimed to analyse the actual aspects of the interaction between the government and civil society structures during the period of martial law. A variety of scientific and legal methods were used, such as comparative legal, systemic, formal legal, formal-logical, descriptive analysis and forecasting methods. The current state of legal and regulatory framework for cooperation between government and civil society is considered, including an analysis of the experience of other countries, which highlights the key aspects of this interaction. It was established that in Ukraine, the processes of formation of a democratic state governed by the rule of law and institutionalisation of civil society are taking place in parallel, contributing to their mutual evolution. The interaction between political authorities and civic initiatives is important because it consists of interrelated factors: the influence of state structures on the activity of citizens and the influence of civil society itself on the formation of political decisions. The paper examined the root causes that delay or, on the contrary, facilitate the proper and effective exchange of ideas and initiatives between government agencies and the public, including imperfect legislation, ineffective existing mechanisms of interaction and their formal nature, as well a lack of public trust in government agencies, and others. The paper formulated and substantiated recommendations that can be used to improve the legal framework for the creation and functioning of civil society institutions as active participants in interaction with the authorities. These proposals may be useful for educational programmes, the development of scientific recommendations and practical activities of civil society institutions and authorities

In the modern world, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are becoming increasingly powerful tools for ensuring security and protecting national borders. Their monitoring and reconnaissance capabilities make them valuable assets for border services seeking to counteract smuggling, illegal migration, and other transborder crimes. However, the rapid development of UAV technologies also poses new challenges to the legal system, which require careful analysis and the adaptation of existing regulatory frameworks. This scientific article is dedicated to a comprehensive study of the legal aspects of using UAVs to ensure security and protect national borders. The research covers a wide range of issues, including: the legitimacy and ethical aspects of using UAVs for monitoring and protecting national borders; the right to privacy; freedom of movement; ethical principles of the use of force; and potential abuses of UAVs. The article also thoroughly examines international, intergovernmental, and national legal acts regulating the use of UAVs in the security sphere. An analysis of the conformity of modern technological achievements to existing norms is conducted, and areas requiring improvement are identified. In addition, practical aspects of implementing unmanned technology in border security systems are considered. Potential risks and benefits of using UAVs are identified, along with recommendations for minimizing risks and maximizing benefits. Geopolitical consequences of the rapid development of UAV technologies are explored, with attention paid to the influence of semiconductor geopolitics and technological progress in the field of UAVs through the lens of contemporary trends in global relations. The article concludes that UAVs have significant potential for ensuring security and protecting national borders. However, to fully realize this potential, it is necessary to improve the legal regulation of UAV usage. Alongside this, there is a need to develop effective strategies for utilizing UAVs in border security and enhance legislation in this regard. The scientific novelty of this study lies in its comprehensive analysis of the legal aspects of using UAVs for security and border protection, and in identifying and analyzing new challenges posed by modern technological advancements in the UAV field to the legal system. The research findings can be utilized to improve legislation regulating the use of UAVs in border security. General recommendations outlined in the conclusion, developed within the study, will assist border services worldwide in enhancing the use of UAVs for border protection. This research could contribute to the development of international cooperation in the legal regulation of UAV usage.