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Objective Tegaserod is a 5-hydroxytryptamine type 4 (5-HT4) receptor agonist, formerly used in treating constipation predominant irritable bowel syndrome, which desensitizes 5-HT4 receptors in rat oesophagus and colon in vitro. Desensitization of 5-HT4 receptors is regulated by G-protein coupled receptor kinases. This study was designed to assess the effect of 5-HT4 receptor activation on the expression of GRK2 and GRK6 in the rat oesophagus and distal colon by acute administration of tegaserod. Results Rats were treated with a single dose of tegaserod (5 mg/kg) and tissue samples of the oesophagus and distal colon were prepared and level of GRK2 and GRK6 protein expression was determined using western blotting. The immunodensity of GRK2 and GRK6 was normalized against the loading control β-actin and compared with control animals. Acute administration of tegaserod for 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 h did not change significantly the immunodensity of GRK2 or GRK6 in the oesophagus or GRK2 in the distal colon when compared with control animals. This may indicate that the basal level of GRK2 and GRK6 expression is sufficient to regulate the desensitization of 5-HT4 receptors in acute drug treatment.

Objective Dichelobacter nodosus is the causative agent of footrot in sheep. Ovine footrot is a major problem in Australia that results in large economic losses and a represents a very significant animal welfare issue. D. nodosus is divided into 10 serogroups (A–I, M), based on sequence variation in the type IV fimbriae gene, fimA. Control of the bacteria is possible through use of serogroup-specific vaccination, however traditional identification of the serogroups of D. nodosus on infected sheep is time-consuming and costly. With the aim of reducing time and cost, a PCR assay was used to identify serogroups of D. nodosus directly from foot swabs of infected sheep in Victoria. Results It was shown that serogroup B was most common (10 locations), followed by A, G and H (4 locations), I and C (2 locations), D, E and F (1 location). Infections with multiple serotypes were observed in 50% of farms, with the remaining 50% having only a single serogroup detected. The ability to identify serogroups quickly and cheaply direct from foot swabs will aid the understanding of the epidemiology of D. nodosus and support control programs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-018-3229-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Objective With the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, large numbers of people will receive one of the several medications proposed to treat COVID-19, including patients of reproductive age. Given that some medications have shown adverse effects on sperm quality, there might be a transgenerational concern. We aim at examining the association between drugs proposed to treat COVID-19 when taken by the father around conception and any pre-term birth or major birth defects in offspring in a nation-wide cohort study using Danish registry data. Offspring whose father filled at least one prescription of the following medications in the 3 months preceding conception were considered exposed: chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, losartan, azithromycin, naproxen, dexamethasone and prednisone. Results For azithromycin and naproxen, large numbers of offspring were exposed (> 1800 offspring), and we found no association with adverse birth outcomes. For chloroquine, losartan and dexamethasone, exposure was intermediate (~ 900 offspring), and there was no statistically significant association with birth defects. For hydroxychloroquine and prednisone, exposure was limited (

Traditional learning curve theory assumes a constant learning rate regardless of the number of units produced. However, a collection of theoretical and empirical evidence indicates that learning rates decrease as more units are produced in some cases. These diminishing learning rates cause traditional learning curves to underestimate required resources, potentially resulting in cost overruns. A diminishing learning rate model, namely Boone&rsquo, s learning curve, was recently developed to model this phenomenon. This research confirms that Boone&rsquo, s learning curve systematically reduced error in modeling observed learning curves using production data from 169 Department of Defense end-items. However, high amounts of variability in error reduction precluded concluding the degree to which Boone&rsquo, s learning curve reduced error on average. This research further justifies the necessity of a diminishing learning rate forecasting model and assesses a potential solution to model diminishing learning rates.

Critical thinking has an essential role in the development of 21st-century skills to form students who have a deep understanding of the subject being studied. The use of portfolio assessment is believed to be a means of mastering a subject. This study was aimed to analyze whether the implementation of portfolio assessment in Biology learning in human coordination systems material can improve students' critical thinking skills. This study used a pretest and posttest control group design. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that the means posttest score of students' critical thinking skills in the experimental class was 78.28, and the control class was 63.36. The Independent Sample T-Test showed a significant mean difference between the experimental class and the control class. The improvement of critical thinking skills by implementing portfolio assessment was better than the control class. The regression test showed that the contribution of the portfolio assessment to the improvement of critical thinking skills was 19.1%. The results of the analysis showed that the portfolio assessment distributed students in three categories of critical thinking skills were 59.4% in the enough category, 31.3% in the good category, and 9.4% in the very good category. The conclusion is that the implementation of portfolio assessment has a positive effect on increasing students' critical thinking skills in the human coordination system material.

The challenge of improving the 21st-century education quality in the industrial revolution 4.0 erais that graduates are expected to have theknowledge skills, abilities in the field of technology, information media, and learning innovation skills for life and career skills. This research was aimed to develop a digital fungi pocketbook in Mount Merbabu National Park to improve student learning outcomes. This research was a Research and Development (R&D) study, which used the Gall, Gall, and Borg model. The data analysis techniques used were descriptive data analysis related to the validity of responses from users, while the N-gain test was used to determine the product's effectiveness. The results showed (1) the digital pocketbook developed had very valid criteria regarding aspects of media, language, and material (2) students and teachers gave responses to the digital pocketbook used in learning with very valid response criteria (3) the value of learning outcomes students showed improvement with moderate N-Gain scores. Thus, the digital pocketbook that was developed can be used as an additional learning source in learning Natural Sciences (Biology) in the face of the 21st century and the industrial revolution 4.0.

Biology learning design development is an important matter for teachers to be prepared. It is for the sake of realizing the 21st education for the learners. Learning biology also involves the technology role and its implications to obtain innovative and beneficial products for broader people. This research aims to examine the validity and effectiveness of the development of integrated biology-entrepreneurship based on STEAM learning design on a material about the environmental changes to improve critical thinking skills and the entrepreneurial interest of the learners. The applied development procedures were ADDIE model. The developed learning design consisted of syllabus, lesson plan, learning source, worksheet, critical thinking test, and entrepreneurial interest. The findings showed that (1) the validity of the learning was deemed valid and practical by the expert judgment; (2) the effectiveness of the learning design was proven able to improve the learners’ critical thinking skills with a percentage of 84%, with a sufficient N-Gain category and high category of entrepreneurial interest average improvement with a score of 77. The paired sample t-Test shows that tcount > ttable. Thus, it could be concluded that there was a significant difference between the critical thinking skills and the entrepreneurial interest. Based on the findings, it could be concluded that the biology learning with a material about the environmental changes integrated by entrepreneurship based on STEAM had highly met the validity criteria. It could improve the critical thinking skill and the entrepreneurial interest of the learners.

Neste texto, busca-se entender como Elisa Lucinda mobiliza o verbal e o não verbal para fazer circular discursos que materializam sentidos de afirmação e resistência que se inscrevem numa coletividade de mulheres negras. Para tanto, utiliza-se os mecanismos da Análise do Discurso. Definiu-se como fonte analítica que permitiu os contornos deste texto um vídeo no qual Lucinda recita o poema Mulata Exportação, da sua autoria. Foi possível compreender que o poema e as imagens em vídeo estabelecem regularidade e compõem as condições de produção de seus discursos de militância. Os elementos verbais (escrita e oralidade) e elementos não verbais (tons de voz e imagens cênicas) da enunciadora apresentam, no escopo da materialidade analisada, marcas das vivências que produzem as suas condições de existência como mulher negra.

Background The most frequently used tools in bioinformatics are those searching for similarities, or local alignments, between biological sequences. Since the exact dynamic programming algorithm is quadratic, linear-time heuristics such as BLAST are used. Spaced seeds are much more sensitive than the consecutive seed of BLAST and using several seeds represents the current state of the art in approximate search for biological sequences. The most important aspect is computing highly sensitive seeds. Since the problem seems hard, heuristic algorithms are used. The leading software in the common Bernoulli model is the SpEED program. Findings SpEED uses a hill climbing method based on the overlap complexity heuristic. We propose a new algorithm for this heuristic that improves its speed by over one order of magnitude. We use the new implementation to compute improved seeds for several software programs. We compute as well multiple seeds of the same weight as MegaBLAST, that greatly improve its sensitivity. Conclusion Multiple spaced seeds are being successfully used in bioinformatics software programs. Enabling researchers to compute very fast high quality seeds will help expanding the range of their applications.

We performed a number of statistical analysis methods on the historical data for the air temperature at 2 m above the ground and its range, as reported by the database of NASA known as POWER, which stands for Prediction Of Worldwide Energy Resources. The point of analysis is the University of Buraimi, located in Al Buraimi Governate, in the Northwest of the Sultanate of Oman, near its border with United Arab Emirates (UAE). The data is in the form of a value per day, for every day in the year. The data analyzed span the period from January 3rd, 1981 (earliest day available) to December 31st, 2019 (latest end-of-year available). The statistical analysis methods include: simple linear regression, F-test: two-sample for variances, analysis of variance (ANOVA): single factor, and t-test: two-sample assuming equal variances (pooled). The results show that the mean of the local 2-meter air temperature is increasing at a rate of about 0.039 °C per year, starting from an estimated value of 27.4 °C in 1980. For the standard deviation of the 2-meter air temperature, and the mean and standard deviation of its range; although a linear regression analysis suggests a decline over time, the regression coefficient is not significant. On the other hand, the analysis of variance for the 9 years 1981, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, 2019 suggests existence of statistical difference among them collectively, for the 2-meter air temperature and its range. In the second part of this work, NASA POWER data for the air temperature at 2 m above the ground, the atmospheric pressure, the relative humidity at 2 m above the ground, and the daily precipitation were compared with recorded sensor measurements at Manah meteorological station, located in Al Dakhiliyah Governate, in the Northeast of the Sultanate of Oman over all days of years 2011, 2012, 2015, and 2016. The statistical analysis and visual inspection suggest that NASA POWER data are reliable for the 2-meter air temperature, while showing about 2.1 kPa constant shift (underestimation) for the atmospheric pressure. The data show mild inaccuracy for the 2-meter relative humidity, but are largely unreliable for the precipitation, with significantly exaggerated values compared to real recordings., Global warming; Climate change; Greenhouse effect; Buraimi; Oman; Validation; NASA POWER

A high altitude balloon (HAB) is a low cost platform capable of carrying a payload over 30,000 m above the Earth. HABs are often used for photography of the curvature of the Earth and experimentation in the lower stratosphere, offering the opportunity for affordable atmospheric and climate experimentation and research. While HABs offer the ability for original research, existing data loggers do not provide an opportunity for personalized data collection, as all options are closed source or require substantial modification of code and hardware. The apparatus presented in this paper is designed to foster customization by researchers through specially segmented and easily adaptable code, the use of the Arduino microcontroller, and by being comprised of affordable off-the-shelf components – allowing alteration without advanced knowledge of programming or electronics. Without modification, the presented apparatus collects equivalent data to commercial options while costing just 1/5 the price to produce. This paper features the steps taken by researchers to personalize the presented apparatus with a CO2 sensor and a field test in which student researchers customized the presented apparatus with a UV sensor for climate and ozone studies. Keywords: Personalized atmospheric data, Stratospheric balloon flight, Affordable space science

The use of electrical resistivity tomography in laboratory or field experiments for environmental purposes has been increasing in recent years. The development of commercial devices has thus far focused on the quality of measurements and their robustness in all field cases. However, both their costs and lack of flexibility to adapt to specific applications have limited their prevalence in the environmental sector. This article presents the development of a low-cost, open hardware resistivity meter to provide the scientific community with a robust and flexible tool for small-scale experiments. Called OhmPi, this basic resistivity meter features current injection and measurement functions associated with a multiplexer that allows performing automatic measurements with up to 32 electrodes (at a cost of less than $500). The device was first tested using a soil-analog electrical circuit to verify the reliability and robustness of the measurements. Results show that OhmPi offers a wide range of resistance measurements, from 0.2 to 1000 O, for contact resistances between 100 and 5000 O. Measurements were then carried out on a small field experiment, in demonstrating good stability of the OhmPi measurements, as well as a strong correlation with the output of a commercial reference instrument.

All children, who were born in 2004 and had undergone surgical treatment for recurrent acute tonsillitis and/or acute otitis media at the ear, nose and throat clinic (ENT) between 2004 and 2010, were called on dental examination and blood sampling. Out of 441 invitees, 113 children and their parents/legal guardians agreed to participate. The following data from this group of subjects are presented: the presence of clinical signs of molar–incisor hypomineralisation (MIH), the distribution of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles DQ2 and DQ8 and eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in amelogenesis-related genes (rs3796704 in the ENAM gene, rs546778141 in the AMBN gene, rs2106416 in the AMELX gene, rs7660807 and rs35286445 in the AMTN gene, rs4870723 in the COL14A1 gene, rs2245803 in the MMP20 gene, and rs3828054 in the TUFT1 gene). Data on clinical signs of MIH were collected in accordance with the recommendation and on the proposed MIH clinical data recording sheet [1] , and with appropriate preliminary training and calibration. Data on HLA DQ2 and DQ8 haplotypes and on SNPs of amelogenesis-related genes were obtained using DNA isolated from blood samples taken from subjects. The HLA DQ2 and DQ8 alleles were determined using the EliGene® Coeliac RT Kits (90,048-RT; Elisabeth Pharmacon spol. s.r.o., Brno-Židenice, Czech Republic) on a 7500 Fast RT-PCR System (Applied Biosystems, Waltham, MA, USA). The distributions of SNPs in the amelogenesis-related genes were determined using high resolution melting (HRM) using the Type-IT HRM Master Mix (Qiagen), TaqMan genotyping assays (ID: C__25766207_10; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) with the TaqMan Universal Master Mix II, or Sanger sequencing using sequencing master mix BigDye® Terminator v3.1 (Applied Biosystems) and ABI 3500 Genetic Analyser (Applied Biosystems). L. Hocevar, J. Kovac, K. Trebusak Podkrajsek, S. Battelino, A. Pavlic, 2020. The possible influence of genetic aetiological factors on molar–incisor hypomineralisation, Arch. Oral. Biol. 118, 104848. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104848 .

Learning process at senior high school still based on textbook oriented. It makes students less concerned with the environment especially the school environment where they study. Such condition requires a real action to solve so that the level of environmental awareness of the students is increased. This study aims to determine the relevance of research on teaching materials, ethno pedagogics, and careness of environment character as well as the effectiveness of ethno pedagogic-based-teaching materials on careness of environment character for senior high school students based on literature review. This study uses the literature review method to obtain the data. Teaching materials provide added value when sourced from the environment around the school (ethnopedagogic). Ethnopedagogy–based-teaching materials will increase character cares for the environment of high school students.

The implementation of the kurikulum 2013 requires of innovative and creative learning with the integration of technology in learning process. Teachers should be creative in finding and gathering learning resources, as well as making teaching materials needed in learning that can help students in learning to achieve goals in the curriculum. So it is necessary to develop learning media based on My Android Biology App in schools in learning biology. Especially in the food digestive system material can be motivate the student and the result of learning. The aim of this study is (1) to analyze the validity of the My Biology App according to media experts and material experts, (2) to analyze the feasibility of the my biology app according to teacher and student responses, (3) to analyze student learning motivation and (4) to analyze the result of learning at student. The method of research is Research and Development (R & D). Pre-Posttest Control Group is the research design. The results of the validation from media experts and material experts indicate that the learning media My Biology App is very valid. It appears in teacher responses with an average of 97.62 and student responses with an average of 108 with a percentage of 90% suitable for use in learning activities. The effectiveness is determined from the motivation data and student learning outcomes. 63% of students are highly motivated and 37% are motivated. The results of the posttest in the experimental class with an average of 86.96 greater than the posttest in the control class with an average of 83.25. In addition, the n-gain in the experimental class 0.74 is greater than the control class with an n-gain of 0.70. It can be concluded based on the results of research that the learning media My Biology App can increase motivation and student learning outcomes in the food digestive system material.

The results of studying and entrepreneurial interest of students of SMK Nusantara in Cirebon are still low. The learning strategies were used by teachers are generally conventional and not optimal for improving the learning outcomes and entrepreneurial interest of the student in schools. The type of research method used in this study is an experiment. The study data analysis technique used is the Independent sample t-test. The result of this study is (1) the value of Sig. (2-tailed) obtained at 0.004 < 0.05 means there is an influence on the use of the CTL learning model with the CEP approach to improving student learning outcomes. (2) The test value of the Independent sample t-test sig. (2-tailed) amounting to 0.000 < 0.05 which means that there is an average difference in student learning outcomes between the experimental groups and the control, in other words, the application of the CTL model with the CEP approach with other learning methods will result in indifferent learning. (3) the test result of N-gain experimental class 58.03% (quite effective) while control group 34.38% (less effective) the results of this research are expected to be one of the solutions for educational practitioners, especially in vocational schools to equip students with entrepreneurial skills to reduce the impact of unemployment.

The progress of science and technology in various countries has accelerated toward the 21 century. The measurement of scientific literacy is very important to find out the extent to which students have been literated in science as an effort to improve the quality of education in Indonesia. The preparation of test instruments based on scientific literacy is an effort to measure the literacy skills of students in the field of science. The purpose of this study was to develop a valid, practical and effective science literacy test instrument to measure the scientific literacy skills of students on the theme of global warming. The research method used in this study was the method of Research and Development (R & D) with the research design of ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The final product in this research development is a scientific literacy-based test instrument to measure the scientific literacy skill of students that have been declared valid and feasible by experts and is valid in the content, in the form of 20 reasonable multiple-choice questions that are tailored to the indicators of the scientific literacy, complete with a grid of questions, answer keys, and bibliography. Based on the results, it is concluded that the validity of the test instruments received an average percentage of 79.99% and was included in the category of valid and feasible to use. The practicality of the test instrument is in the very practical category seen based on the results of student responses by 87.5% and teacher responses by 94.23%. The effectiveness of the test instrument is in the effective category, Since this studycan reveal or position the scientific literacy skills of students into three criteria items, namely high, medium, and low, it can be used as input and thought contribution in an effort to improve the quality of making the test instruments to measure the skill of scientific literacy on the theme of global warming.

Environmental problems can’t be avoided in big cities including Semarang city. This needs to be raised in learning one of them through the development of teaching materials based on socioscientific issues. The purpose of this study is to develop teaching materials based on socioscientific issues, test the effectiveness of teaching materials, analyze students and teacher responses of teaching materials. This research is an Research & Development. We develop teaching materials based on socioscientific issues by utilizing local realities of Environmental Change in Semarang city. The experts validation of material and media was 87.04% and 97.92%. It was categorized in very valid criteria. Teaching materials developed were effective in increasing students' cognitive learning outcomes with classical completeness by 86.36% and n-gain test by 0.55. Students’ environmental care attitudes increase with a percentage of 83.33% in very caring criteria. The readability response of students and teachers was 83.75% and 97.69% in very good criteria. The practicality responses of students and teachers was 86.25% and 95% with very practical criteria. The conclusion of this study is teaching material developed are effective for improving cognitive learning outcomes and students’ environmental care attitudes. The response of students and teachers in readability is very good, the response of students and teachers in practicality is very practical.

Biology subjects in high school learn everything about life. In this case it involves skills and reasoning. This study aims to analyze the validity, effectiveness, practicality, and characteristics of android-based e-booklets. This research is a research and development or R&D. The development in this study adopted a 4-D model which included four stages namely define, design, develop, dissemination. The results of the study on the validity test showed that the material experts obtained a value of 92.14% with a very good category. Based on the results of the validation of media experts obtained a value with a percentage of 86.29% in the very good category. The results of the research on the effectiveness of android-based e-booklet are 1) classical completeness ≥ 80%, 2) N-Gain test results are different and better (has increased). Cognitive learning outcomes (students' critical thinking) showed that the percentage of students’ classical completeness was 88.27%, the N-Gain Test was in the high (53%), moderate (45%), low (2%) category. Based on the analysis of affective and psychomotor competencies with very good criteria. The results of research on students’ attitudes of caring for environment showed that the percentage of students' scores was 82% with an excellent category. Based on the effectiveness analysis it can be concluded that the android-based e-booklet is effectively applied in biodiversity subject. In the analysis of the results of the practicality of the android-based e-booklet media showed a very good response from teachers and students. The characteristics of an android-based e-booklet consist of a cover, a menu display consisting of preface, KI and KD, material, and evaluation questions.

En este trabajo se compara el valor del módulo de elasticidad local obtenido experimentalmente con el determinado a partir del módulo de elasticidad global de acuerdo a tres criterios reconocidos internacionalmente (UNE-EN 384 2016, INTI-CIRSOC 2016 y Danzler et al. 2008). El programa experimental se desarrolló de acuerdo a normas europeas sobre 396 elementos estructurales de madera aserrada de Populus deltoides, clones ‘Australiano 129/60’ y ‘Stoneville 67’, cultivados en el delta del río Paraná en Argentina. Se confirmó la alta correlación entre el módulo de elasticidad local y el módulo de elasticidad global. Se constató la incidencia que, en la relación entre ambos módulos, tiene la exigencia normativa de ubicar los mayores defectos en el tercio central al ensayar las piezas. La determinación a partir del módulo de elasticidad global presentó resultados menores a los experimentales con una aproximación superior al 95%.

En este trabajo evaluamos el rendimiento de diferentes métodos de aprendizaje automático, para la clasificación de bacterias a partir de espectros de masas disponibles en la base de datos RKI MALDI-TOF. La identificación de microorganismos empleando espectrometría de masas se ha convertido en una tecnología muy popular en los últimos años, especialmente en microbiología clínica, donde una clasificación adecuada es fundamental al momento de elegir un tratamiento correcto. Los modelos elegidos en nuestro estudio incluyen análisis por discriminantes, árboles de decisión, vecinos más cercanos y redes neuronales. Consideramos las siguientes medidas para el análisis: exactitud, coeficiente κ de Cohen, tasa de no información y tiempo consumido. Los resultados obtenidos nos permiten recomendar el análisis por discriminante lineal, con un desempeño levemente inferior a vecinos más cercanos, pero aventajándolo en términos de costo computacional.

El trabajo examina las valoraciones de estudiantes y docentes sobre la modalidad virtual de enseñanza-aprendizaje, las principales ventajas e inconvenientes percibidos, las preferencias sobre los formatos de clases y las herramientas didácticas que resultan más atractivas para aprender. Los resultados muestran que, tanto docentes como estudiantes, se adaptaron a la modalidad virtual a pesar de que la mayoría no tenía experiencias previas en esta modalidad de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Las principales ventajas percibidas respecto de la modalidad virtual son la flexibilidad del cursado mientras que las desventajas son los problemas de conectividad. Las prácticas docentes, en su mayoría, se adaptaron a la modalidad virtual, mejorando el desempeño de los estudiantes.

En esta investigación se analizan los diferentes métodos de ensayo propuestos por la normativa internacional para evaluar la resistencia al intemperismo físico y, particularmente, a la erosión húmeda de los bloques de tierra comprimida (BTC), examinando las superficies erosionadas. Además, se proponen 2 alternativas diferentes a la propuesta por las normas para evaluar los resultados de estos ensayos: pérdida de masa y cotejo directo con patrones gráficos de comparación; analizando finalmente la viabilidad de cada método. Finalmente, se observó que el método de comparación directa con patrones sólo es efectivo para evaluar la resistencia a la erosión húmeda de las probetas sometidas al ensayo de pulverizado de agua a presión, mientras que el método de la determinación de la pérdida de masa no es adecuado para evaluar los resultados de este tipo ensayos.

The challenge of education entering the 21st century in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0 is expected to get graduates who are competent in utilizing ICT but also competent in developing critical thinking skills. This research aims to develop digital book based on local wisdom to improve critical thinking skills. This research includes Research and Development (R&D) research using ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) models. Data analysis techniques used in this study include descriptive data analysis related to the validity and response of users, while to determine the effectiveness of the product used the N-gain test. The results show (1) the developed digital book has valid criteria regarding aspects of the material, presentation, and language (2) students and teachers provide responses to the local wisdom digital book used in learning with response criteria strongly agree (3) assessment results Students' critical thinking skills show improvement with high N-Gain grades. The developed local wisdom digital book is suitable to be used as an alternative source of learning additive material in natural science learning in the face of the 21st century and the industrial revolution 4.0.

En este artículo desarrollamos un modelo hidrodinámico de un flujo de plasma no magnetizado, acelerado bajo la acción de sólo dos fuerzas, una debida al gradiente de presión y la otra la gravitatoria. Fijamos fenomenológicamente la topología del flujo a partir de un criterio de plausibilidad con base observacional. La discusión de la termodinámica asociada al flujo muestra que en el caso de estrellas cuyo viento no es generado por la presión de radiación y carecen de una corona, los valores que se obtienen de temperatura son mayores a los medidos, y que sólo bajo condiciones extremadamente particulares podría desarrollarse un viento compatible con las observaciones.

Education as the main foundation for individuals to develop their abilities. This research includes research and development (R&D) research. This Research aims to find out how the validity and effectiveness of guided inquiry-based learning modules to improve environmental attitudes and HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills) of students. This research used 32 students as sample. Data analysis in this study used descriptive qualitative analysis techniques. The implementation of this learning module shows an increase related to the attitude of caring for the environment and HOTS of students. The benefits of this research for educators are to provide a reference to learning models that are effective in increasing environmental attitudes of students and HOTS of students. The conclusions i this study are guided inquiry-based learning modules in environmental pollution lesson is valid and effective used to increase environmental attitudes of students and HOTS of students.

STEM is one of the learning paradigms that integrates science, technology, engineering and mathematics. The combination of several learning methods is implemented to make students achieve certain abilities, like problem solving skills. Problem solving becomes a very important part in learning because it can motivate students and make them having a better cognitive level. The purpose of this study is to describe the effect of STEM learning on physics material applied in schools to the problem-solving abilities of students. The method used in this research is meta-analysis where the researcher analyzed several articles as needed. Articles were limited to the last 5 years of publication, namely 2014 - 2019. Searching for articles used the Scholar, Eric, and Elsevier search engines. From the searching results, it was obtained 21 relevant articles according to the needs of researchers. Then, from 21 articles that were obtained as many as 86% were research articles that used questions or teaching materials as STEM-based learning media and 14% were review articles. The keywords used in the search were STEM, problem solving and physics. Based on the analysis conducted it can be concluded that learning through the STEM approach can improve students' problem solving abilities.

The ideal science learning reflects the domain of balanced scientific literacy. Student who have scientific literacy are able to master science material, understand the characteristics of science and be able to recognize the environment through scientific process and apply science concepts in real life. Based on that statement we developed a research-based teaching materials. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness and appropriateness of teaching materials about Interaction of Living Things with the Environment for grade VII. The research method was used Research and Development teaching materials. Data taken in the form of module eligibility was validated by the media and material experts. Teaching materials effectiveness was analyzed by posttest score, teaching materials characteristics was described by the percentage of teaching materials characteristics based on scientific literacy. The results showed that the science teaching materials have developed was valid, feasible, and effective to support Interaction of Living Things Learning. It have characteristics based on scientific literacy and equipped with pictures to clarify the practicum process, completed with observation tables as testing data that could guide students to find the concepts being taught.

This study aims to produce a valid and effective learning device for chemo-entrepreneurship-based projects that are valid and positive student responses. This research includes development research adopted from Thiagarajan, a modified 4D model. The 4-D model consists of four stages of development, namely Define , Design, Develop , and Disseminate, Disseminate stage is not done because the Develop phase has produced a valid learning device. The validity assessment of learning devices was carried out by four experts. Instrument for assessing learning devices are syllabus components, lesson plan, teaching materials, project work sheets. The effectiveness of learning devices is seen from improving student learning outcomes. Based on the results of the analysis obtained a validity value of 3,59 (88,5%) with a very good category. Entrepreneurial interest in the extensive trial shows that the results of the paired sample t-test obtained a tcount = 19,981 and t table = 2,03. Tcount> t table which means there is a significant increase in student interest. Based on the results of the assessment, the learning devices of the chemo-entrepreneurship-based green chemistry-based clean project can be said to be valid and effective for learning.

This research is aimed to analyze science learning that applies the PBL model with the SETS approach of students’ activities and learning outcomes. The research methodology used pre-test and post-test group design with each one of experimental and control classes. The findings obtained by an average gain score of the experimental class 0.2895 and the control class 0.2135, so that the experimental class has an increase in learning outcomes higher than the control class. The category of students who were very active and active in the experimental class was higher with a percentage of 87%. The conclusion of the study was the science learning model applying the PBL model with the SETS approach can optimize students’ activities and learning outcomes.

La metodología de clase invertida es una de las opciones que actualmente se utiliza para mejorar el rendimiento académico de los alumnos y mantener la motivación en las actividades propuestas. El trabajo presenta los resultados obtenidos en una encuesta a docentes y a alumnos que permite conocer la percepción que los mismos tienen sobre la aplicación de la misma y si la implementación de ésta permite la generación de competencias. Principalmente puede mencionarse como resultados que tanto alumnos como docentes conocen de la metodología, que los docentes están dispuestos a capacitarse sobre nuevas herramientas para poder llevar a cabo la implementación o mejorarla. Se aprecia una disparidad en reconocer que la adopción de la clase invertida puede propiciar la generación de competencias, en este punto debería verificarse que se esté implementando correctamente la metodología y que los alumnos conozcan la forma que se llevará a cabo.

Los excitadores electrodinámicos, también conocidos como "shakers", son instrumentos fundamentales para realizar ensayos de vibraciones mecánicas. Sus numerosas aplicaciones los convierten en equipos de sumo interés en el campo de las ingenierías mecánica, aeronáutica y aeroespacial. Si bien existen equipos comerciales desde hace años, estos son de un alto valor económico.El objetivo de este trabajo es diseñar un excitador electro-dinámico de bajo costo, capaz de inducir vibraciones forzadas en estructuras para la realización de ensayos en laboratorio.A partir de las leyes fundamentales del electromagnetismo se dedujeron ecuaciones de dimensionamiento, se realizó un análisis cualitativo de dichas ecuaciones para obtener consideraciones de diseño y se las utilizó para definir los parámetros constructivos. Se seleccionaron los materiales de los componentes, se realizó el modelado tridimensional utilizando software CAD y se verificó mediante análisis por elementos finitos.Se presenta el diseño de un prototipo de excitador electrodinámico de baja potencia y bajo costo. El equipo dispone de una fuerza máxima de 85 N, desplazamiento máximo de 5 mm y puede operar en un rango de frecuencias entre 7 Hz y 2.1kHz.

Lack of awareness and limited information about the dangers of e-cigarettes among teenagers, especially high school students, make them assume that e-cigarettes are a safe alternative to reduce smoking habit. This can be circumvented through the development of teaching materials that are tailored to the needs of students. This study aims to develop teaching materials about the negative effects of e-cigarettes as a source of learning for high school students and analyze their validity, readability, and feasibility. This development research uses the plot of Thiagarajan et al., (1974), namely 4-D (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate). The subjects of this research include material & media experts, students of class XI MIPA 3 and XI MIPA 4 SMAN 12 Semarang, and teachers who are members of senior high school biology teachers forum in Rembang Regency. The results showed the validation scores of material and media experts were 83% and 97.7%, respectively, with very valid criteria. Analysis of the readability of teaching materials from the results of student responses and the cloze test, respectively obtained an average score of 86.2% and 84% with very good and independent criteria. Analysis of the feasibility of teaching materials from the results of teacher responses at the senior high school biology teachers forum in Rembang, obtained an average score of 83.7% with very feasible criteria. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that teaching materials about the negative effects of e-cigarettes are valid, it has good readability, and feasible to use as a source of learning for high school students. The teaching material is expected to be able to add insight and knowledge about the negative effects of e-cigarette exposure and to contribute better in improving the quality of learning resources.

The determination of electric energy consumption is remarked as one of the most vital objectives for electrical engineers as it is highly essential in determining the actual energy demand made on the existing electricity supply. Therefore, it is important to find out about the increasing trend in electric energy demands and use all over the world. In this work, we present a prediction scheme for the progression of worldwide aggregates of cumulative electricity consumption using the time series of the records released annually for the net electricity use throughout the world. Consequently, we make use of an autoregressive (AR) model by retaining the best possible autoregression order recording the highest regression accuracy and the lowest standardized regression error. The resultant regression scheme was proficiently employed to regress and forecast the evolution of next-decade data for the net consumption of electricity worldwide from 1980 to 2019 (in billion kilowatt-hours). The experimental outcomes exhibited that the highest accuracy in regressing and forecasting the global consumption of electricity is 95.7%. The prediction results disclose a linearly growing trend in the amount of electricity issued annually over the past four decades’ observation for the global net electricity consumption dataset.

In biological research, various experiments such as behavioral experiments and physiological ones are often conducted with pharmacologically treated animals. In such experiments, it is necessary to inject the same volume of solution into numerous small animals, such as insects to prepare several experimental subjects. However, repeating manual injections is burdensome, and it is also difficult to maintain injection quality and consistency. We have developed a microinjection system that can support and semiautomate the injections of small animals. The system consists of two cameras, a micromanipulator, a syringe pump, and a structural framework all operated from a personal computer to quickly inject the same volume of liquid solutions at the same position and depth into small animals. The microinjection system has sufficient extensibility for it to be used in a variety of applications.

The aim of the study is to understand the effects of NH3 flow rate in the initial part of high temperature (HT) GaN growth on structural and optical characteristics of the HT-GaN layer grown on dome shaped sapphire susbtrate by Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD) system. High resolution x-ray diffraction (HRXRD) and photoluminescence (PL) measurements were performed to characterization the growing GaN epilayer. It is observed that the using of different NH3 flow rate in the initial part of HT-GaN growth has an effect on both full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) values obtained from HRXRD results and intensities of yellow luminescence peaks. It is seen that the FWHM values obtained from the symmetric (00.2) omega scan increased as the NH3 flow rates in the initial part of HT-GaN growth increased. It is demonstrated that the intensities of yellow luminescence peaks are very sensitive to NH3 flow rates in the initial part of HT-GaN growth.

The reaction of o-aminophenol with para hydroxy and methoxy substituted benzaldehydes yielded two Schiff bases. These Schiff bases functioning precursors were turned into palladium complexes by treating palladium acetate. The structural formulas based on spectral methods (elemental analysis, FT-IR spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy and QTOF-LC/MS spectroscopy) were suggested for obtained both complexes. According to the structural characterization methods, one of the complexes had also an acetate co-ligand along with the hydroxy substituted Schiff base ligand. In the other complex, the palladium central ion was proposed to be coordinated with two methoxy substituted Schiff bases. Besides, DPPH scavenging activities of the all synthesized compounds were determined and compared to well-known antioxidant standards. According to the results, antioxidant activities of the palladium complexes was mild but lower than parent Schiff bases.

The structural, electronic, molecular and thermochemical properties of hypothetical [Tp(CO)2Mo≡C-Ph)]2+ (1) [Tp = hydridotris(pyrazolyl) borate] and [L(CO)2Mo≡C-Ph)]+ (2) [L=hydrido 2-phenoxybis(pyrazolyl) borate] carbyne complexes were investigated by quantum chemical calculations. The carbyne complexes were optimized at B3LYP/LANL2DZ/6-31G(d) level. Structural parameters, vibration spectra, electronic spectra and NMR spectra were computationally obtained. Environment geometry of the molybdenum atom was predicted to be distorted octahedral. Mulliken atomic charges, molecular electrostatic potential maps, molecular orbital energy diagrams and frontier orbital contour diagrams were calculated and interpreted to estimate the electronic properties of the complexes. In order to predict the molecular properties of complexes, some electronic structure descriptors were calculated and discussed. The thermal stability of the complexes was investigated. Thermochemical parameters of the complexes were found to increase with increasing temperature. Metal-carbyne bond dissociation energies of complex (1) and complex (2) were calculated as 955 and 912 K, respectively.

Tularemia is a zoonotic disease that can infect animals and people. It is known that tularemia outbreaks in Turkey is water-borne and causative agent F. tularensis subsp. holarctica. Eight F. tularensis were isolated from the water samples in tularemia outbreaks observed in Sivas during 2011-2013. In this study; tul4, fopA, RD1 and 16S rRNA gene regions of eight F. tularensis isolates were amplified by PCR method and investigated by sequencing method. Sequence analysis of the gene regions were compared with each other and the samples found in GenBank. All samples were found to be similar in terms of the partial sequence of the tul4 and fopA gene region. In terms of 16S rRNA gene region, Belkent2012 and Belkent2013 isolates and Çiçekoğlu and Döllük isolates were detected similar among themselves. Bahçeiçi and Karaören isolates were found similar at RD1 gene regions. In the sequence comparison of GenBank in terms of examined gene regions, 94-100% similarity was determined with F. tularensis subsp. holarctica LVS and F. tularensis subsp. holarctica PHIT-FT049. As a result of our study; the tul4 and fopA gene regions of eight F. tularensis subsp. holarctica isolates were found to have identical and different base sequence origins in 16S rRNA and RD1 gene regions in tularemia outbreaks in Sivas. In order to reveal the phylogeography of F. tularensis’ in Turkey, it is necessary to produce new isolates from epidemic regions and to investigate them with advanced molecular techniques.

In this work, the some collective properties of even-even Ti isotopes in the A50 mass region were studied by using the interacting boson model-1 (IBM-1). This study includes calculations of the energy levels and the electromagnetic transition rates of 44-48Ti and 52-60Ti isotopes. The neutron number 50Ti isotope is 28, the magic number, and this isotope was excluded from the IBM-1 calculations. First, the energy ratios were analyzed by comparing the typical values of U(5), SU(3), O(6) dynamical symmetries and E(5), X(5) critical point symmetries. Later model Hamiltonian was constructed according to the behavior of given isotopes. The low lying energy levels of each Ti isotopes were calculated by using the fitted parameters of Hamiltonian. B(E2) values were also calculated by using the corresponding electromagnetic transition operator in the IBM-1. The calculation results were compared with experimental data and they are in good agreement with each other. Finally, R_(4/2)=E(4_1^+)/E(2_1^+), R_(0/2)=E(0_2^+)/E(2_1^+) energy ratios and B(E2:4_1^+→2_1^+)/B(E2:2_1^+→0_1^+), B(E2:0_2^+→2_1^+)/B(E2:2_1^+→0_1^+) ratios were analized to see the behavior of given isotopes. According to obtained results, Ti isotopes show E(5) behavior along the transition path from spherical to deformed -unstable region. Overall analysis indicates that these isotopes can be good example for the quantum shape phase studies along the isotopic chain.

In the present study, the temperature-dependent optical transmittances of lyotropic nematic calamitic mesophase formed by TTAB-water binary system were measured for certain wavelengths under polarized microscopy to obtain macroscopic order parameter with birefringence. Because birefringence in lyotropics is quite small (order of 10-3), it is very difficult to make sensitive measurements of birefringence and to obtain order parameter. The study easily achieved the order parameter depending on temperature for different wavelengths only using polarized microscopy. Therefore, the parameter could be more easily determined in liquid crystal application and the physical properties of liquid crystals, especially for lyotropics, can be better understood.

The main goal of this study is obtaining analytical solutions for (3+1)-dimensional Jimbo-Miwa Equation which the second equation in the well-known KP hierarchy of integrable systems. For the (3+1DJM) equation, hyperbolic, trigonometric, complex trigonometric and rational traveling wave solutions have been constructed by applying the (G'/G,1/G)-expansion method. Then, real and imaginary graphics are presented by giving special values to the constants in the solutions obtained. These graphics are a special solution of the (3+1DJM) equation and represent a stationary wave of the equation. The (G'/G,1/G)-expansion method is an effective and powerful method for solving nonlinear evolution equations (NLEEs). Ready computer package program is used to obtain the solutions and graphics presented in this study.

In this study, undoped MgO and titanium (Ti4+) doped MgO ceramics were synthesized using the solid state-assisted solution combustion synthesis method. The structural characteristics were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). TL curves of the MgO:Ti4+(0.1%wt) ceramic consist of three TL peaks located at 70, 250 and 290 oC with a heating rate of 2 oC/s after 1 Gy beta dose. Radioluminescence (RL) characteristic of the MgO:Ti4+(0.1%wt) ceramic was studied with excitations between 200 - 1000 nm. It was found to be the four emission bands the maximums located at 327 nm (~3.79 eV), 694 nm (~1.78 eV), 715 (~1.73 eV), and 745 (~1.66 eV). Some dosimetric characteristics such as TL curve, reusability, dose-response, of the ceramic were investigated using the thermoluminescence (TL) technique using beta radiation of 90Sr/90Y. Dose-response characteristics showed the integrated TL signals between 170-350 oC exhibited a linear up to 20 Gy. The experimental results showed that if it is developed of the MgO:Ti4+(0.1%wt) ceramic can be considered as a dosimetric material with suitable properties in personal and medical applications.

Sustainability plays a significant role in promoting competence and collaboration in supply chain management due to increased environmental awareness, tightened regulations, and government policies. The evaluation of sustainable suppliers and selecting the best one is indispensable for companies to promote sustainability. Due to multi-criteria nature of the supplier selection process, it has been considered as a multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) problem in many studies. In this study, a state-of-the-art MCDM method for sustainable supplier selection is developed by integrating AHP and TOPSIS techniques within the Pythagorean Fuzzy Sets (PFSs) linguistic setting. A Group Decision Making (GDM) environment is utilized due to superiority of group consensus over individual decisions. Finally, an apparel industry example is used to illustrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed sustainable supplier selection method. A comparison with existing techniques and sensitivity analysis are done to verify and validate the given outcome.

Emerging evidence indicates a pathogenic role of protracted neuroinflammation in the various neurodegenerative diseases, including epilepsy. Neuroinflammation may contribute to neuronal hyperexcitability underlying seizure formation. The current research aims to examine the changes in the levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the penicillin epilepsy model. In the present study, 12 male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into two groups as sham and penicillin epilepsy model. Seizures were induced with the intracortical (i.c.) single microinjection 500 IU of penicillin-G into neocortex. Rats were decapitated after observing the cortical epileptic activity and brains were removed by craniotomy. Proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) were measured by using ELISA methods in the cortical and hippocampal brain regions. Penicillin significantly up-regulated the expression of IL‑1β and TNF-α in the rat cortex, but did not affect the hippocampal cytokines levels. This study is indicative of the neuroinflammatory potential of cortical penicillin administration.

Many questions in urban and regional economics can be characterized as including both a spatial and a time dimension. However, often one of these dimensions is neglected in empirical work. This paper highlights the danger of methodological inertia, investigating the effect of neglecting the spatial or the time dimension when in fact both are important. A tale of two research teams, one living in a purely dynamic and the other in a purely spatial world of thinking, sets the scene. Because the researcher teams' choices to omit a dimension change the assumed optimal estimation strategies, the issue is more difficult to analyze than a typical omitted variables problem. First, the bias of omitting a relevant dimension is approximated analytically. Second, Monte Carlo simulations show that the neglected dimension projects onto the other, with potentially disastrous results. Interestingly, dynamic models are bound to overestimate autoregressive behavior whenever the spatial dimension is important. The same holds true for the opposite case. An application using the well-known, openly available cigarette demand data supports these findings.

Bài báo này trình bày QT quá trình tổng hợp vật liệu khung zeolite imidazolate kim loại ZIF-67/graphen oxit dạng khử (ZIF-67/rGO). Vật liệu này là các hạt nano ZIF-67 phân tán đều trên tấm rGO và có diện tích bề mặt riêng lớn (498 m2·g). Lợi dụng độ dẫn điện lớn của rGO và diện tích bề mặt riêng lớn của ZIF-67, điện cực than thủy biến tính ZIF-67/rGO/GCE có tính chất điện hóa phù hợp quá trình oxi hóa Rhodamin-B (RhB). Phương pháp von-ampe xung vi phân sử dụng điện cực biến tính ZIF-67/rGO/GCE để xác định RhB có khoảng tuyến tính rộng (0,96–44,07 μg·L) và giới hạn phát hiện thấp (1,79 μg·L). Có thể sử dụng phương pháp này để xác định RhB trong các loại thực phẩm khác nhau với kết quả tương đương với phương pháp sắc ký lỏng hiệu năng cao.

Trong nghiên cứu này, vật liệu nano Gd(OH)3 dạng thanh đã được tổng hợp bằng phương pháp polyol với tiền chất là gadolini clorua hydrat (GdCl3·xH2O), natri hydroxit và chất hoạt động bề mặt là trietylen glycol (C6H14O4). Sản phẩm đã được đặc trưng bằng các kỹ thuật XRD, SEM, TEM, TG-DTA, EDX. Kết quả cho thấy vật liệu Gd(OH)­3 thu được có cấu trúc dạng thanh nano, đồng đều với khích thước 20 × 200 nm và tinh khiết. Vật liệu được ứng dụng trong phản ứng oxy hóa nâng cao đối với quang hóa phân hủy Congo đỏ của hệ xúc tác UV/Gd(OH)3 và UV/H2O2/Gd(OH)3.

Cây Đìa đụm (Heliciopsis lobata (Merr.) Sleum) có nhiều tác dụng trong điều trị bệnh và được sử dụng rộng rãi trong các bài thuốc y học cổ truyền của người dân tộc thiểu số. Trong nghiên cứu này, dịch chiết methanol từ lá của cây Đìa đụm được sử dụng để đánh giá khả năng ức chế các tế bào ung thư vú và ung thư gan bằng phương pháp sàng lọc MTT, phân tích hình thái tế bào và hình thái kiểu nhân apoptosis bằng thuốc nhuộm nhân tế bào DAPI. Kết quả cho thấy dịch chiết methanol của lá cây Đìa đụm đã ức chế sự tăng sinh tế bào ung thư gan dòng HepG2 và ung vú dòng MCF7 với giá trị IC50 tương ứng là 0,084 mg/mL và 0,812 mg/mL. Dịch chiết này cảm ứng quá trình apoptosis đối với dòng tế bào HepG2 mạnh hơn so với dòng tế bào MCF7, và như vậy có tiềm năng chống lại sự tăng sinh của các tế bào ung thư gan.

Nghiên cứu này đánh giá ảnh hưởng của pH dung dịch, khối lượng than, thời gian và nồng độ ban đầu lên quá trình hấp phụ nitrate trong dung dịch của than sinh học sản xuất từ trấu (O. sativa L., OM5451). Than sinh học được sản xuất bằng phương pháp nhiệt phân trấu ở 700 °C. pHpzc của than là 9,51. Điều kiện tối ưu cho quá trình hấp phụ bao gồm khối lượng than 0,5 g, pH 4, thời gian 120 phút và nồng độ đầu 50 . Tại điều kiện tối ưu, hiệu suất loại là 69,7%. Dữ liệu cân bằng phù hợp với mô hình đẳng nhiệt Langmuir ( = 0,993) hơn mô hình Freundlich ( = 0,965). Dung lượng hấp phụ nitrate cực đại tính theo phương trình Langmuir là 12,843 mg·g–1. Sự hấp phụ của than sinh học phù hợp với cả hai mô hình động học biểu kiến bậc 1 ( = 0,964) và bậc 2 ( = 0,963).