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The issue of green logistics has received full attention from the government and business people. It is closely related to the increase in Green House Gas (GHG) by transportation activities in the logistics sector. Controlling fuel consumption in transportation activities is fundamental in dealing with GHG. Therefore, the Fuel Consumption Vehicle Routing Problem (FCVRP) is proposed as a solution model in optimizing fuel consumption in the logistics sector. This study aims to develop a Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization (HPSO) algorithm to solve the FCVRP problem. The proposed algorithm is the development of the PSO algorithm with local procedures search. Several experiments were carried out to determine the HPSO parameter's effect on minimizing fuel consumption in the FCVRP. The experiment results show that increasing the population and iteration parameters can produce minimum fuel consumption. Furthermore, the smaller the total fuel consumption produced when the kilometers per liter (KPL) high.

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) dominate the business world in Indonesia with a high Gross Domestic Product contribution. However, SMEs are unable to compete with large industries due to uncompetitive supply chains. The logistical-crossfunctional aspect of drivers is an aspect driving a competitive supply chain. This study aims to examine the effect of logistical-crossfunctional drivers on the competitive strategy of the supply chain for SMEs in Indonesia. The case study was conducted in SMEs scattered in East Java, Indonesia. The data analysis method used PLS-SEM. The results showed that the logistical-crossfunctional aspects of SME drivers have a significant effect on the supply chain competitive strategy. The implications of the research results are used to develop supply chain strategies for SMEs with a priority scale of logistical-crossfunctional drivers such as 1) facilities; 2) sourcing; 3) information; 4) transportation; 5) inventory; and 6) pricing.

Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) has many applications in real systems, especially in distribution and transportation. The optimal determination of vehicle routes impacts increasing economic interests. This research aims to find the optimal solution in Vehicle Routing Problem Pick-up and Delivery with Time Windows (VRPPDTW). Targets of this problem included reducing distance travel and penalties. Three penalties that were considered are a capacity penalty, opening time capacity, and closing time capacity. An improved genetic algorithm was developed and used to determine the vehicle route. There were one main depot and 42 customers. This research raised the problem of a shipping and logistics company. Analysis of the results showed that the proposed route obtained from improved genetic algorithms (GA) was better than the existing route and previous algorithm. Besides, this research was carried out an analysis on the effect of the number of iterations on distance traveled, the number of penalties, and the fitness value. This algorithm could be applied in VRPPDTW and produces an optimal solution.

Currently, logistics service providers experience a high increase in activity. It makes logistics service providers compete with each other in service quality. To be able to compete, logistics service providers need to measure customer perceptions on logistics service satisfaction. The results of measuring customer perceptions can be used to improve the quality of logistics services. This study attempted to measure customer perceptions of third-party logistics (3PL) service users by considering competitor performance factors. This study integrated the Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) method and the Competitive Zone of Tolerance based Importance Performance Analysis (CZIPA) method to measure customer perceptions and determine the priority attributes for improvement account competitors' performance factors. Based on the research, the CSI method was proven to measure customer perceptions of 3PL service users. CZIPA can determine the attributes that were prioritized for improvement based on the performance of competitors.

Vehicle routing problems and inventory problems need to be integrated in order to improve performance. This research discusses the determination of vehicle routes for product delivery with periodic delivery times that are released at any time depending on the inventory status. A mixed-integer linear programming model in determining periodic flexible visiting vehicles' route considering inventory is proposed to solve this problem. This model also accommodates time window constraints, retailer warehouse capacity. The search for solutions was carried out using the branch-and-bound method with the help of Lingo 18.0. The mathematical model testing result saves shipping costs and inventory costs. In addition, the developing mathematical model offers the flexibility of visiting depending on the inventory status of the consumer. The sensitivity analysis of the model results in the vehicle capacity influence the total cost and routes formed.

Nowadays, the industrial sector takes up a significant portion of the world's total energy consumption. This sector is responsible for half of the total energy consumed in the world. Therefore, efficiency in the industrial sector becomes an essential issue. One of the main factors triggering the high energy consumption in this sector is that many machines are left idle. Idle machines during the manufacturing process require electricity and other energies. This research aimed to develop a firefly algorithm that can minimize the energy consumption in the hybrid flow shop scheduling problem. This algorithm is used to determine the optimum order of the jobs. The ultimate goal is to minimize energy consumption. The experiment on the algorithm was conducted by employing iteration and population variations. The research results show that population and iteration affect the quality of the hybrid flow shop scheduling solution.

Choosing the best Material Handling Equipment (MHE) is an aspect that needs to be considered in the industrial sector because the amount of capital involved in the procurement process is very large. Many substantial factors influence the MHE selection process. One popular approach was chosen to resolve the MHE selection issue. The concept of Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) is popularly used because it can solve and handle conflicting components in the MHE selection process. This study proposes the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Multi-Objective Optimization on the Basis of Ratio Analysis (MOORA) procedures in MHE selection. AHP is proposed to weigh the MHE selection criteria. MOORA is proposed to compute the rankings of the MHE alternatives. Case studies are applied to this problem. The results show that the cost criterion gives the greatest weight in selecting MHE. Other than that, Of the five selected MHE alternatives, Hand Pallet Truck is the MHE that has the best rating.

Integrated inventory management coordinates all party's replenishment policies to provide optimal benefits. Many models have been developed, but none of them have considered capital and warehouse constraints comprehensively. It may cause the model which cannot be applied, since it has exceeded the capacity. This study developed an integrated inventory model that consisted of one vendor, multi-buyer, and one type of item. The main objective was to minimize the joint total expected cost by considering warehouse, capital, and service level constraint. The optimal formula was constructed by using the Lagrange multipliers method. The results showed that with an increment in holding cost, the vendor tends to reduce lot size to minimize joint total expected cost. It is vice versa to the increment in set up cost. An increment in buyer service level can increase lot size and reduce order frequency. The buyer capacity is essential to determine its capability to apply the optimal replenishment policy.

Currently, the use of logistics service providers in companies has become a decision chosen by several companies. Companies use Third Party Logistics (3PL) to focus more on other essential activities in the company. Evaluating the performance of a 3PL provider is an essential process in determining performance of a 3PL provider. A wrong evaluation process could lead to company’s loss. The main objective of this study was to propose a 3PL performance appraisal procedure. This study integrated the Rough method Step-wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) and the Complex Proportional Assessment Method (COPRAS) to assess the performance of 3PL providers. The SWARA Rough method was used to assess the ranking of the criteria. The results of the Rough SWARA ranking were utilized by the COPRAS method to assess supplier performance. A case study was conducted in an animal feed production company in Indonesia. The results showed that there were criteria for product safety; on-time delivery, responsiveness, and flexibility with the greatest weight among the 16 criteria used.

To produce competitive advantage, a product has to be designed according to the criteria of consumer needs. The results of identifying consumer needs become technical requirements and target specifications in robust product design. The purpose of this research was to propose a robust design of gluten-free spaghetti product concept using the Taguchi method. The selection of factors and experimental levels utilized the zero one matrix and the evaluation matrix. The results showed that the priority quality attributes required by consumers include good product display, nutrition, acceptable taste, competitive prices, and made from local ingredients. Product specifications that are targeted at product quality are closer to commercial spaghetti products. Based on the experimental design, four factors and three levels with an orthogonal matrix (Taguchi) L9 (34) resulted in 9 product concepts. The selected concept has confirmed the quality of its spaghetti products.

Currently, many online payment applications have sprung up in the community. This requires online payment application providers to compete in providing the best service for the community. This study aims to design an increase in the service quality of the OVO online payment application in Indonesia. This research applied Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) and Potential Gain in Customer Value (PGCV) methods to map the performance of service attributes and determine the priority service attributes for improvement. Based on the research conducted, the use of IPA and PGCV methods has been successfully utilized to map the performance of service attributes and determine priority attributes that should be improved.

This article presents a production inventory model for deteriorating goods with two different rates of production. Here, the manufacturer starts manufacturing the items at a lower rate to avoid a huge investment at the initial stage and to reduce the holding cost of the products. But, when the stock level reaches a prefixed level, he switches on to a higher rate of production to avoid shortage caused by an insufficient stock of the items. Moreover, the impact of inflation and the time value of money on the manufacturing system’s cost is considered here, which harm any business by reducing the value of an investment with time. We determined the optimum production times at both the low and high production rates by minimizing the total cost of the system. Numerical examples presented here illustrate the applicability of this proposed model and sensitivity analysis studies the effect of changes in the parameters associated with this model on the optimal decision variables. This numerical experiment was done in LINGO 18.0 software. Results show the production strategy taken by the manufacturer helpful in reducing his total cost.

Recently, lean production has become a major focus of researchers and industry. The zero-waste concept holds an important role in the production process. The aim of this concept is to reduce waste and increase productivity. Wastes have significant negative impacts on the company, one of which is the decrease of company profit. This research aimed to integrate the Lean Six Sigma method with Teorya Resheniya Izobreatatelskikh Zadatch (TRIZ) in order to reduce wastes. These two methods were applied with Define-Measure-Analyze-Improve-Control(DMAIC) methodology. A case study was conducted in a wood manufacturing company. The results of the study suggest that the application of the two methods can significantly reduce the Non-value Added (NVA).

The Location Routing Problem with Roaming Delivery Locations (LRPRDL) is a model that represents company activities in delivering products to final customers. The direct delivery to final customers has increased significantly over the growth of e-commerce in the world. E-commerce or business-to-customer companies are in an urge to increase their last-mile distribution efficiency to survive in the global competition. For that purpose, the LRPRDL model was proposed as a means of increasing the efficiency of the company’s last-mile distribution. The model aims to minimize the sum of open depots and transportation costs by determining the number and location of depots along with the shipping routes. The LRPRDL was implemented in an instance that has four depot candidates, 15 customers, and six vehicles. The instance was solved to the optimality by using a public solver Gurobi. Furthermore, we conducted a sensitivity analysis on the open depots and fuel costs, customer demand, and radius. The study indicated that customer’s demand and radius have a significant impact on the purchase decision.

Location and routing are the foremost critical problems investigated in a logistic. Location-Routing Problem (LRP) involves determining the location of facilities and vehicle routes to supply customer's demand. Determination of depots as distribution centers is one of some problems in LRP. In LRP, the aspect of carbon emissions needs to be considered because these problems cause global warming and climate change. In this paper, a new mathematical model for LRP considering CO2 emissions minimization is proposed. This study developed a new Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model for LRP with time windows and considered the environmental impacts. Finally, a case study was conducted in the province of Central Java, Indonesia. In this case study, there are three depot candidates. The study results indicated that the use of this method in existing conditions and constraints provides a more optimal solution than the company's actual route. A sensitivity analysis was also carried out in this case study.

Sustainable manufacturing aspects are environmental, economic, and social. These aspects can be applied to an optimization model in the machining process. An optimization model is needed to determine the optimum cutting parameters. This research develops a multi-objective optimization model that can optimize cutting parameters on a multi-pass turning. Decision variables are cutting parameters multi-pass turning. This research has three objective functions for minimizing energy, carbon emissions, and costs. Three functions are searched for optimal values using the GEKKO. A numerical example is given to show the implementation of the model and solved using GEKKO and Interior Point Optimizer (IPOPT). The results of optimization indicate that the model can be used to optimize the cutting parameters.

The inventory-production system concerns the effective management of the goods flows from raw materials to finished products. The Integrated Procurement-Production (IPP) system consists of many elements that must be managed effectively. The problem will be more complex if it involves deciding on the number of delivery frequencies at the retailer level. In this case, the Integrated Procurement-Production's objective function depends on the frequency of raw material shipments, the frequency of delivery of finished products, and the production cycle time. This study aims to develop an IPP system to maximize total profit. The decision variables used are the frequency of raw material delivery, the frequency of delivery of finished products, and the production cycle time. This study proposes the Dragonfly Algorithm (DA) as an algorithm for problem-solving. Dragonfly Algorithm is used to find the best inventory decision variables. This study conducted experiments with various iteration parameters and DA population. The results showed that the greater the iteration and the population used, the greater the profit. A sensitivity analysis of decision variables is also presented in this investigation.

5 nm logic process is the current leading-edge technology which is under development in world-wide leading foundries. In a typical 5 nm logic process, the Fin pitch is 22~27 nm, the contact-poly pitch (CPP) is 48~55 nm, and the minimum metal pitch (MPP) is around 30~36 nm. Due to the fact that these pitches are much smaller than the resolution capability of 193 nm immersion lithography, it is also the first generation which adopts EUV photolithography technology on a large-scale where the process flow can be simplified by single exposure method from more than 10 layers. Relentless scaling brings big challenges to process integration and pushes each process module to the physical and material limit. Therefore, the success of process development will largely depend on careful balance the pros and cons to achieve both performance and yield targets. In the paper, we discussed the advantages and disadvantages of different process approaches for key process loops for 5 nm logic process flow, including dummy poly cut versus metal gate cut approaches in the metal gate loops, self-aligned contact (SAC) versus brutally aligned contact (BAC) approaches, and also introduced the self-aligned double patterning approach in the lower metal processes. Based on the above evaluation, we will provide a recommendation for module’s process development.

With the continuous scaling in conventional CMOS technologies, the planar MOSFET device is limited by the severe short-channel-effect (SCE), Multi-gate FETs (MuG-FET) such as FinFETs and Nanowire, Nanosheet devices have emerged as the most promising candidates to extend the CMOS scaling beyond sub-22 nm node. The multi-gate structure has better short channel behaviors due to enhanced control from the multiple gates. Due to the relatively more mature process and rich learning of the device physics, the FinFET is still extended to 5 nm technology node. In this paper, we proposed a 5 nm FINFET device, which is based on typical 5 nm logic design rules. To achieve the challenging device performance target, which is around 15% speed gain or 25% power reduction against the 7 nm device, we have performed an optimization on the process parameters and iterate through device simulation with the consideration of current process capability. Based on our preferred device architecture, we provide our brief process flow, key dimensions, and simulated device DC/AC performance, like Vt, Idsat, SS, DIBL and parasitic parameters. As a part of the final evaluation, RO simulation result has been checked, which demonstrates that the Performance Per Area (PPA) is close to industry reference 5 nm performance.

Sub-resolution assist features have been widely recognized in lithography patterning. In general, the insertion of assist features in optically adjacent space around main designed features, will change the aerial image intensity profiles of corresponding main features. Optimizing assist feature placement lets the main feature obtain optimal or better image contrast, better imaging resolution and depth of focus (DOF). Recent EUV lithography development, however, imposes strict budget of edge placement error and process window control causing assist features to become more and more complex. In this domain, 1D assisting feature can no longer meet such tight requirements, and 2D assisting features have become necessary in the semiconductor industry. In this paper, the process window and edge placement error evaluations of different 2D assist feature types are reviewed, along with their associated run time and memory consumption. Various types of 2D assist features are evaluated, including 45-degree disconnected assist features, 45-degree connected assisting features, Manhattan only assist feature arrays, and so on. To generate the assist features, the model-based assisting feature rule table is first generated using the optical model as the reference. The rule table is then split into different rule sets by considering the dimensions and types of assisting features. Finally, the CD variations across process window are evaluated as the success criteria of each assist feature rule sets. In addition, an inverse lithography technology (ILT) based approach is proposed to generate the optimized rule table, as ILT is well known to have considerable benefits in finding the best pattern solutions to improve process window, 2D CD control, and resolution in the low K1 lithography regime. At the end of this paper, the summary discusses how the assisting feature placement can be further optimized using leading-edge technologies like machine learning.

Milling tools with a large length&ndash, diameter ratio are widely applied in machining structural features with deep depth. However, their high dynamic flexibility gives rise to chatter vibrations, which results in poor surface finish, reduced productivity, and even tool damage. With a passive tuned mass damper (TMD) embedded inside the arbor, a large length&ndash, diameter ratio milling tool with chatter-resistance ability was developed. By modeling the milling tool as a continuous beam, the tool-tip frequency response function (FRF) of the milling tool with TMD was derived using receptance coupling substructure analysis (RCSA), and the gyroscopic effect of the rotating tool was incorporated. The TMD parameters were optimized numerically with the consideration of mounting position based on the maximum cutting stability criterion, followed by the simulation of the effectiveness of the optimized and detuned TMD. With the tool-tip FRF obtained, the chatter stability of the milling process was predicted. Tap tests showed that the TMD was able to increase the minimum real part of the FRF by 79.3%. The stability lobe diagram (SLD) was predicted, and the minimum critical depth of cut in milling operations was enhanced from 0.10 to 0.46 mm.

We discuss the BSIM-CMG compact model for SPICE simulations of any common multi-gate (CMG) device. This is an industry standard model which has been used extensively for FinFETs IC design and simulation, and has now been extended to accurately model gate-all-around FET (GAAFET). We present the core framework of BSIM-CMG and discuss the latest updates that capture various physical phenomena originating from the quantum confinement of electrons by the small cross section of the GAAFET channel. Special attention is paid to providing suitable model parameters that can be adjusted using software tools to match the model with manufactured transistors very accurately. Furthermore, the model’s speed allows the use of Monte Carlo circuit simulation to account for random device variations encountered in manufacturing. This model is the industry standard compact model for GAAFETs and will help bridge the wide divide between GAA IC manufacturing and design, starting at 3nm/2nm technologies.

During the past decade, significant progress has been achieved in the application of material modeling to aid technology development in semiconductor manufacturing companies such as Intel. In this paper, we review examples of applications involving a complex set of material modeling tools and methodologies and share our perspective of the future of the area. Examples are given illustrating the landscape of useful physical models and approaches along with commentary addressing tool relevance and simulation efficiency issues. While the scope of this paper precludes providing in-depth details, references to more focused publications are shared. Finally, we outline how to approach constructing a general infrastructure for supporting TCAD material modeling applications.

5 nm logic technology node is believed to be the first node that will adopt Extremely Ultra-Violet (EUV) lithography on a large scale. We have done a simulation study for typical 5 nm logic design rule patterns. In a 5 nm logic photo process, the most appropriate layers for the EUV lithography are the cut layers, metal layers, and via layers. Generally speaking, critical structures in a lithography process are semi-dense patterns, also known as the “forbidden pitch” patterns, the array edge structures, tip-to-tip structures, tip-to-line structures (under 2D design rules), the minimum area structures, the bi-lines, tri-lines, …, etc. Compared to that from the 193 nm immersion process, the behaviors for the above structures are different. For example, in the 193 nm immersion process, the minimum area is about 2~3 times that of minimum pixel squared, while in EUV photolithographic process, the minimum achievable area is found to be significantly larger. In the simulation, we have kept aware of the stochastics impact due to drastically reduced number of photons absorbed compared to the DUV process, the criteria used for various structures of image contrast are tightened. For example, in 193 nm immersion lithography, we have usually set the minimum Exposure Latitude (EL) for the poly layer, the metal layer, and tip-to-tip pattern, respectively, at 18%, 13%, and 10%. However, in EUV lithography, reasonable targets for the minima are, respectively, >18%, 18%, and 13%. We have also studied the aberration and shadowing impact to the above design rule structures. We will present the results of our work and our explanations.

This paper proposed a flexible pressure sensor based on poly(dimethylsiloxane) nanostructures film and report an efficient, simple, and low-cost fabrication strategy via soft nanoimprint lithography. The pressure sensor can convert external pressure or mechanical deformation into electrical signal to detect pressure and strain changes based on the coupling of triboelectrification and electrostatic induction. To enhance the performance of the pressure sensor, it consists of sub-500 nm resolution on the surface of elastic poly(dimethylsiloxane) sensitive layer and an indium tin oxide electrode thin film. When the pressure applied on the nanostructures layer, triboelectrostatic charges are induced. In the experiment, it measures up to sensitivity of 0.8 V/kPa at frequency of 5 Hz. This study results in potential applications such as wearable smart devices and skin-attachable diagnostics sensing systems.

Ferromagnetic films of L10-ordered MnGa have shown promise not only in the applications in ultrahigh-density magnetic recording and spintronic memories, oscillators, and sensors, but also in controllable studies of novel electrical transport phenomena. However, the stability of MnGa in chemicals and oxygen plasma that are commonly used in the standard micro-/nano-fabrication process has remained unsettled. In this work, we report a systematic study on the chemical stability of the MnGa films in acids, acetone, ethanol, deionized water, tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAOH) and oxygen plasma. We find that MnGa is very stable in acetone and ethanol, while can be attacked substantially if soaked in TMAOH solution for sufficiently long time. Deionized water and acids (e.g., HCl, H3PO4 and H2SO4 solutions) attack MnGa violently and should be avoided whenever possible. In addition, oxygen plasma can passivate the MnGa surface by oxidizing the surface. These results provide important information for the fabrication and the integration of MnGa based spintronic devices.

China's IC industry has been flourishing in recent years, huge market demand together with government investments are the major driving forces for this development. The status and development momentum of the Chinese IC industry also attracted wide interest and attention of international counterparts. A group of domestic IC experts are invited by the JoMM to write a series of articles about China's IC industry, including the history, current status, development, and related government policies. Information in these articles is all from public data from recent years. The purpose of these articles is to enhance mutual understanding between the Chinese domestic IC industry and international IC ecosystem.

Self-aligned multiple patterning (SAMP) can enable the semiconductor scaling before EUV lithography becomes mature for industry use. Theoretically any small size of pitch can be achieved by repeating SADP on same wafer but with challenges of pitch walking and line cut since line cut has to be done by lithography instead of self-aligned method. Line cut can become an issue at sub-30nm pitch due to edge placement error (EPE). In this paper we will discuss some recent novel ideas on line cut after self-aligned multiple patterning.

Determining a transport hub is a strategic decision to build a good distribution flow. In this paper, We suggested a model for choosing hub locations as sources for companies. In previous studies, The determination of hub locations with a vehicle routing problem is not integrated. Therefore, this study built a model to assess the position of the hubs by considering the budget. The business should have a decision on vehicle routing with hubs to reduce total transport costs. In addition, the method of distribution of goods for hubs and non-hubs with third-party logistics was determined by the use of a vehicle routing problem. The optimal weight was obtained through the analysis of sensitivity. In the sensitivity analysis, this study found that the best choice in this study was to use a weight of 0.9–1.0. It provides the lowest total cost of transport.

This study aims to predict the impact of the understanding of halal certification by Small Medium Enterprise (SME) entrepreneurs on the intention to conduct halal certification. This study was conducted in the Cooperative and SME Office of Surakarta City. The Halal Certification Comprehension Rate was assessed using three variables. We had knowledge of halal (PGT), perceived halal certification advantages (MNF), and perceived halal certification procedures (PROS). Structural Equation Model-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) was used for data analysis. The results show that SMEs have a good knowledge of halal and agree that halal certification is beneficial to their businesses. We found, though, that the processes for handling Halal Certification are relatively complex. Based on the study, the perception of Halal Certification Benefits (MNF) is significantly affected by the intention of SMEs to conduct Halal Certification (NHL). The other two results show a positive correlation . H owever, they are not statistically significant. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-ansi-language:EN-US; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;} This study aims to predict the impact of the understanding of halal certification by Small Medium Enterprise (SME) entrepreneurs on the intention to conduct halal certification. This study was conducted in the Cooperative and SME Office of Surakarta City. The Halal Certification Comprehension Rate was assessed using three variables. We had knowledge of halal (PGT), perceived halal certification advantages (MNF), and perceived halal certification procedures (PROS). Structural Equation Model-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) was used for data analysis. The results show that SMEs have a good knowledge of halal and agree that halal certification is beneficial to their businesses. We found, though, that the processes for handling Halal Certification are relatively complex. Based on the study, the perception of Halal Certification Benefits (MNF) is significantly affected by the intention of SMEs to conduct Halal Certification (NHL). The other two results show a positive correlation , but they are not statistically significant. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE

Organizations design some strategies to win the competition. This paper discusses the design of market strategies to achieve harmony between value-based segmentation and marketing mix. The strategy's implementation starts with segmentation, targeting, and positioning. The clothing company ("M") was selected as a research object. Identification of market segments using cluster analysis while determine the target market using the AHP and Delphi method. Besides, Bull's eye research was used for product positioning. The results show that "M" customers are classified into two groups, referred Big Spenders and Discount Finders. Big Spender was selected as the primary target market with a focus on size and durability. The marketing strategy focuses on Instagram and Facebook. As a result, the ads developed prototypes have proven to be better.

Two organizations can share knowledge to determine the success of their collaboration. Effectiveness in sharing knowledge affect the organizational performance and trust between organizations. This study aims to identify the implementation of multi-agent simulations to increase confidence in sharing knowledge between organizations. A multi-agent simulation approach was used in this study. The research model was adopted from previous research. Several hypotheses and path coefficients had tested in simulation models. The results of this study showed that multi-agent simulation is suitable to be implemented as a problem-solving method for a complex problem such as knowledge sharing. Besides, this study found the role of individual factors such as likability and expertise on the success of sharing knowledge between organizations.

The Madurese consumes corn as the primary source of carbohydrates. However, currently, they are experiencing a shift in consumption from corn to rice. It is caused by the availability of abundant rice. Moreover, another reason is the process of processing corn requires a relatively long time. The purpose of this research is to develop instant Madura corn rice. The method used in this research is the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method. Based on the House of Quality matrix obtained 16 attributes of consumer needs both in terms of products and packaging. Highest Attributes of the needs of consumers are attributes without preservatives for the product aspect and presenting attributes for the packaging aspect. There are 17 attributes of technical requirements needed to meet the attributes of consumer needs. Highest priority The technical requirements are the corn type attribute for the product side and the font-size attribute for the packaging aspect. The results of product comparisons with competitors, Madura corn rice products have advantages in the yellow color attribute. Furthermore, It needs to be improved attributes about the texture a little soft.

This paper deals with purchasing inventory replenishment policy for deteriorating items, considering the time-dependent quadratic demand and time-dependent backlogging. Two models were formulated and solved. First, it is for deteriorating items with quadratically time-dependent demand for deteriorating items. Second, quadratically time-dependent demand for deteriorating items and shortages. A mathematical model is developed to the fourth-order equation for each model. The optimal production lot size, which minimizes the total cost, is derived. Sensitivity analysis is carried out to demonstrate the effects of changing parameter values on the optimal solution of the system. Numerical examples are taken to illustrate the procedure of finding the optimal inventory cost, cycle time, and optimal lot size. The numerical experiment in this model was coded in Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0.

The purpose of this study is to find out factors related to the behavioral intention of Muslim consumers to shop to neighborhood stores. The Islamic leaders urged the Muslim community to do the social movement to buy for neighborhoods. Its movement is as one form of spirit 212. Spirit of the actions of Muslims in Indonesia in December 2016 through prayer and prayer together to strengthen the kinship of Muslims. Behavioral intention of Muslim consumers to shop to neighborhood store in Yogyakarta is thought to be influenced by attitude, subjective norms, behavioral control, religiousness, and affective commitment to be affiliated with spirit. Consumers have the characteristics of adhering to Islamic principles. Demographic characters are also considered to influence consumer preferences for each factor. Based on the descriptive analysis, the average respondent's answer to religious factor has the highest score compared to other factors. The results of independent t-tests and ANOVA shows that there is a significant difference for the average responses of answers based on gender, which are significantly different based on education, age, occupation, and income.

Bread is food that many consumed in Indonesia. It usually consumed and a substitute for rice. PT. X is an Indonesian company that produces dry bread and wet bread. The company must implement a Good Manufacturing Process (GMP) and Halal Guarantee System (HGS) to ensure the food safety that the company produced. The company is also obliged to pay attention to Occupational Safety and Health in the work environment by applying WISE. This study consists of five staged. The stages include identification of the condition of the company, CPPB inspection, WISE examination, HGS inspection, and proposed improvements in the production process. The results of the study show some elements that have not been fulfilled. These elements include 6 CPPB elements, 9 WISE elements, and 8 HGS elements. The results of the study also provided several studies. Some of the recipients were improvements in the Standart Operational Procedure (SOP) for the receipt and receipt of materials, and the SOP for the receipt and receipt of industrial non-processed materials.

This study aims to determine the machine maintenance schedule. We use the Simulated Annealing Algorithm. Fitness and reliability functions are functions that are used in the optimization process. Several weighting scenarios are done to see the unity of the function. The results of the scenario produce several alternative schedules. This algorithm is implemented on machines that have more than one sub-machine. This sub-machine is a smaller engine system part. This sub-machine also has one particular function. The results of the study show that the optimal engine maintenance period to use is six periods. There are five scheduling scenarios used in this problem. The resulting schedule can increase the value of reliability and can minimize costs.

Recently, carbon emissions have become a major environmental problem. In the industrial sector, carbon emissions account for half of the world's total carbon emissions. This article discusses the issue of scheduling Flow Shop Sequence Dependent Setup (FSSDS). It aims to minimize carbon emissions. The algorithm proposed is the Hybrid Sine Cosine Algorithm (HSCA) to solve FSSDS problems to reduce carbon emissions. We offered one of some search agents in the SCA using NEH. The algorithm is used for some tests on different jobs and machines. Several experiments were carried out to test the parameters and effectiveness of the algorithm. The parameters used in the trial are population and iteration. As a result, several parameters were proposed to HSCA to minimize carbon emissions. In the effectiveness test, the HSCA showed better performance compared to the simulated annealing and cross-entropy algorithm.

The purpose of this study is to assess the quality of services by using the integration of Servqual and the Kano model. In this study, Servqual is used to determine the quality criteria that must be improved. At this method, the quality criteria are based on the gap that occurs between differences in perceptions and expectation of customers for the services they receive. Meanwhile, the Kano method is used to categorize service attributes that satisfy customer needs. Servqual integration and the Kano model were carried out by synchronizing the Servqual gap value and the Kano model grade. Assessment of service attributes obtained from both methods produces service attributes that will be the focus of management's improvement to improve service quality. The results showed that the attribute criteria that must be prioritized were attributes that included attractive and one-dimensional categories which had the highest negative gap value. Improvements in attributes in attractive and one-dimensional categories will improve service quality and increase customer satisfaction.

This article attempts to explore approaches and applications of the location-allocation problems in the supply chain perspective. A review has been done for articles which have relation with the approach of location-allocation problems that includes the drivers of the supply chain such as inventory, transportation, service level, and customer demand. Moreover, the application of location-allocation problems that consider supply chain drivers is also discussed. In this article, a discussion of location-allocation discussions previously investigated by researchers is done through a literature review published in several reputable journal databases. 48 articles successfully collected and reviewed related approaches and applications used by researchers in location-allocation problems in a supply chain perspective. Analysis of the findings of this article can be summarized that approaches of the location-allocation problem in supply chain perspective can be divided into 2 areas: the echelon of the supply chain and the drivers of the supply chain.

The raw material is an essential aspect of ensuring smooth production. The selection of raw material suppliers needs to be done to sustain the company's production and development. Wisarka company is an export-oriented furniture company. It uses water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) as the primary raw material. The company is required to maintain and improve performance. The company needs to select the right supplier. This study uses the Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP) method. It was used for selecting suppliers with criteria like price, quality, flexibility, delivery, warranty, and service. The result of the study show FAHP effective in selecting suppliers.

As the primary health reference center, a hospital is required to provide excellent quality services to each patient. The impact of the extreme physical and mental workload cause negligence in activities. It affects the quality of services provided by medical personnel. This study investigated the level of mental workload and physical workload in medical staff in a hospital. This study was conducted at 15 units in the hospital. The mental workload was assessed using the NASA-TLX Questionnaire. The physical workload analysis was carried out with the Heart Rate reserve percentage of medical personnel. The results of this study show that the mental workload on nurses in the ICU is higher than the other units. Whereas the calculation of physical load using % HR reserve turns out the head of the nurse in-unit class 1 has the highest value compared to the others unit. The statistical analysis showed there was a difference in the general practitioner workload toward the Head of the Nursing.

The hip joint is one of the most often used joints by humans in their activities. The hip joint can be impaired if an accident or an illness such as osteoarthritis-affected. It makes the patients need to get implants to restore their productivity. The implant must be biocompatible, bioactive, and have high strength and resilience to prevent damage. The implants in this study were made from 304 Stainless Steel. One of the stages in making implants is the electroplating process. The electroplating method implemented is hard chrome. Some operating conditions that are considered to affect the electroplating process and are used as independent variables are the concentration of chromic acid, electrical voltage, and length of coating time. This study aims to Optimization of Electroplating Thickness Quality at Hip Joint Implant. This study uses the Taguchi method to design the experiment and to obtain the optimum electroplating thickness results. ANOVA is used to obtain the influential prediction of the significance level. Process ANOVA was helped Minitab 16. Based on the ANOVA, it is known that the most significant factor for the electroplating thickness is the concentration of chromic acid, the voltage, and the least influential factor is the electroplating time.

Polycrystalline diamond (PCD) tools are widely used in industry due to their outstanding physical properties. However, the ultra-high hardness of PCD significantly limits the machining efficiency of conventional abrasive grinding processes, which are utilized to manufacture PCD tools. In contrast, electrical discharge grinding (EDG) has significantly higher machining efficiency because of its unique material removal mechanism. In this study, the quality and performance of PCD tools machined by abrasive grinding and EDG were investigated. The performance of cutting tools consisted of different PCD materials was tested by high-speed turning of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V. Flank wear and crater wear were investigated by analyzing the worn profile, micro morphology, chemical decomposition, and cutting forces. The results showed that an adhesive-abrasive process dominated the processes of flank wear and crater wear. Tool material loss in the wear process was caused by the development of thermal cracks. The development of PCD tools’ wear made of small-sized diamond grains was a steady adhesion-abrasion process without any catastrophic damage. In contrast, a large-scale fracture happened in the wear process of PCD tools made of large-sized diamond grains. Adhesive wear was more severe on the PCD tools machined by EDG.

This article develops and demonstrates a set of design-focused manufacturability constraints for the fused deposition modeling/fused filament fabrication (FDM/FFF) process. These can be mapped from the basic behavior and process characteristics and formulated in terms of implicit or explicit design constraints. When the FDM/FFF process is explored and examined for its natural limitations and behavior, it can provide a set of manufacturing considerations (advantages, limitations, and best practices). These can be converted into manufacturing constraints, which are practical limits on the ability of the process. Finally, these can be formulated in terms of design–useful manufacturability constraints. Many of the constants and parameters must be determined experimentally for specific materials. The final list of 54 major manufacturability constraints presented in this work will better inform designers considering using FDM/FFF as a manufacturing process, and help guide design decisions. After derivation and presentation of the constraint set, extensive discussion about practical implementation is provided at the end of the paper, including advice about experimentally determining constants and appropriate printing parameters. Finally, three case studies are presented which implement the constraints for simple design problems.

Hybrid structures are important for the automotive and aeronautical industry as they have the potential to reduce vehicle or aircraft weight and to improve fuel efficiency. Continuous ultrasonic metal welding is a promising technique for hydraulic applications in aircraft to realise tubular metal/fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) hybrids. Fluid proof connections between dissimilar components can be joined by continuous welding seams. Tubular metal/FRP hybrids, produced by a new advanced variant of ultrasonic metal welding, are investigated as a potential substitute for metallic hydraulic tubes. The oscillating welding system moves around the tubular joining partners to generate a sealed orbital connection. Homogeneous joint quality is required to assure the requested component strength. Therefore, the amplitude of sonotrode displacement and the welding force are controlled to keep the induced welding energy constant and the joint quality uniform. High mechanical strength is required for a safe application in the 5000 psi hydraulic system of current and future aircraft concepts. For this study metal injection molded (MIM) titanium fittings (TiAl6V4) and carbon fiber reinforced PEEK (CF-PEEK) tubes were investigated. Process parameters for metal/FRP hybrid joining were evaluated considering their mechanical and technological properties, as well as the microstructure of the hybrid interfacial area. The entire joining area of tubular joining partners has to be in close contact before welding to assure a continuous tight joint. Hence, the titanium fitting is thermally shrunk onto the CFRP tube before ultrasonic welding. The presented orbital ultrasonic welding technology was developed for prospective industrial use and future applications of ultrasonically welded tubular multi-material-components.

Some manufacturing companies now use recycled aluminum alloys. It is important that they have the necessary data relating to the control of the machinability of these alloys. Thus, this study on the machinability in the turning of two recycled aluminum alloys by a 6061 R and 6061 R-T6 smelter was conducted. The aim of this study is to provide solutions to the problem posed, which is whether recycled aluminum alloys have good machinability skills, such as virgin aluminum alloys. To provide these solutions, the experimental designs were used to study the influence of cutting parameters and conditions (feed, cutting speed, lubrication) and material hardness on machinability characteristics (surface roughness, mass concentration of metal particles, and chip morphology). The results of this study show that the two alloys studied have good machinability. The feed, hardness and lubrication significantly influence the machinability of these two alloys. Predictive models to assess the machinability of these recycled alloys have been established.

Tools are of strategic importance for industrial manufacturing processes. Their behaviour has a great influence on the productivity of the process and the quality of the product. A material saving and efficient technique for processing metallic workpieces is cold forging. One major challenge of this production method is the handling of high contact normal stresses in the tool contact, which can lead to severe tool wear. To investigate promising approaches for understanding wear modelling and wear reduction a demonstrator process based on the first stage of a total five-staged cold forging process for the manufacturing of a bolt anchor is considered in the scope of this research. This work aims at the further development of a numerical wear calculation based on an adapted Archard model in order to be able to realistically predict the tool wear in cold forging processes. Therefore, the material characterization of the used workpiece material as well as an investigation of the worn tool dies takes place to validate a numerical wear calculation model. Furthermore, this research addresses a reduction in wear by identifying critical areas and changing the inlet geometry of the investigated demonstrator tool die. This way, conclusions can be drawn about the wear sensitivity during numerical process design, and particularly critical areas can be geometrically modified in terms of the design. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

The importance of functional surfaces is continuously growing in the context of increasing demands on the sustainability of performance, resource efficiency and manufacturing costs of technical systems. For example, microstructured substrate surfaces can contribute to enhance the adhesion of layers, which in turn ensure the wear protection of a highly loaded component. Many microstructuring processes require a system change, entailing high costs. However, the ultrasonic vibration superimposed machining (UVSM) can be implemented as a finishing process. Due to its defined cutting-edge geometry and kinematics, UVSM represents a suitable method for a reliable generation of predefined surface microstructures. In order to optimize the process regarding the tool wear behavior and thus the geometrical characteristics of the surface microstructure, experimental investigations are carried out to find the most suitable combination of heat treatment condition of the martensitic stainless-steel X46Cr13 and various cutting materials. A vibration system for workpiece-side excitation is used for the experimental cutting tests. The most promising results were obtained within the combination of cemented carbide as a cutting tool and soft annealing as a heat treatment condition. They serve as a base for extensive investigations on the effects of substrate microstructuring to the adhesion of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) diamond layers to steel.

Manufacturing processes can be monitored for anomalies and failures just like machines, in condition monitoring and prognostic and health management. This research takes inspiration from condition monitoring and prognostic and health management techniques to develop a method for part production process monitoring. The contribution brought by this paper is an automated technique for process monitoring that works with low sampling rates of 1/3Hz, a limitation that comes from using data provided by an industrial partner and acquired from industrial manufacturing processes. The technique uses kernel density estimation functions on machine tools spindle load historical time signals for distribution estimation. It then uses this estimation to monitor the manufacturing processes for anomalies in real time. A modified version was tested by our industrial partner on a titanium part manufacturing line.