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Most academic journals have a fairly consistent look: they are structured similarly, their text is divided into similar sections; for example, they have an abstract at the beginning of the manuscript, and their text is usually organized in two columns. There may be different reasons for this similarity, ranging from the need to contain publication costs by using less page space to conforming to an internationally well-accepted format that may be perceived as the hallmark of academic articles. We surveyed 35 medical journals founded before 1960 and looked for their change in format over time and how this was experienced by and explained to readers. We then discussed what recent research has shown about the effects of layout on reading, looking for further explanations as to why this format was so successful.

A discussion of Before Copernicus: The Cultures and Contexts of Scientific Learning in the Fifteenth Century edited by Rivka Feldhay and F. Jamil Ragep. Published Online (2021-04-30)Copyright © 2021 by Matjaž Vesel Article PDF Link: https://jps.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/aestimatio/article/view/37603/28608 Corresponding Author: Matjaž Vesel, Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and ArtsE-Mail: matjaz.vesel@zrc-sazu.si

Legal access to death certificates varies widely from state to state. Because death records are crucial to in-depth journalistic reporting, we examined laws related to data access across the United States to determine how possible such reporting would be in each state under current laws. In addition to conducting a survey of state legislation on death certificates, we also conducted a meta-analysis of state legislative history related to these records, sought stories that have relied on death records, and interviewed the reporters who wrote some of those stories. We found that state laws could be categorized in three ways: open access, partial access and closed or very limited access. Only 12 of 50 states were found to have laws that could be considered “open.” We propose solutions and call for actions from key stakeholders to change these laws.

As the U.S. has grappled with COVID-19, the government has resisted repeated requests to follow open records laws, which are essential to transparency. Current efforts to reduce access to death records and other public information amid the pandemic jeopardizes government accountability and undermines the public’s trust. Given that COVID-19 has disproportionately affected low-income Americans, incarcerated populations and people of color, access to government-held data has serious implications for social justice. Importantly, those goals can be met without violating personal privacy. After analyzing state open records laws, court decisions and attorney general opinions, the author has developed a set of best practices for advocating access to death records to provide journalists and government watchdogs with important public health information that’s squarely in the public interest.

Intellectual property is necessary in the flourish of research, development, and science as well as technology promotion in the new Internet and digital spaces. The key purpose of the protection of intellectual property is to prevent abuse and plagiarism, to encourage scientists and authors to conduct scientific research and literary activities, and to make their results accessible to the scientific community. Compliance with the codes of ethics, intellection, and human rights are the reason for the application of the laws of intellectual property rights at the national and international levels. The present study is an applied-exploratory study and a quantitative-qualitative research. The researcher-made questionnaire (content analysis and Delphi panel) consists of five main components (publisher, author, publications, subject, and commercialization) and 63 questions. Questionnaires were sent to the statistical population of the study, which was all the open access medical journals. About 611 completed questionnaires were entered into spss24 software. Validity and reliability, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and finally presentation of the model with PLS software were examined on the questionnaires. As can be seen from the findings, Cronbach’s alpha values, composite reliability, and average variance are statistically acceptable. In addition, the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for most factors is greater than 0.7. Therefore, it is inferred that the variables have acceptable reliability. The AVE value is calculated for the components, with almost all variables having an acceptable convergent validity. The results show that there is a significant difference between the components. Considering the obtained results, it can be concluded that there is a relationship between the factors and intellectual property of journals. The quality indicators of the model confirmed this correlation as well. Finally, the results show that the questionnaire can be used with open access medical journals to examine intellectual property.

Researchers worldwide are striving hard to find a solution for the coronavirus pandemic and reduce the fatalities from this severe outbreak. The purpose of this article is to evaluate and visualize the published documents about coronavirus research, based on extracted data from Web of Science (WoS) citation database. The study used a bibliometric method and social network analysis. Data were collected using the WoS database on February 23, 2020, with 13252 records being retrieved and used as the study sample. Descriptive statistics were used in the bibliometric method and network analysis. Text Statistics Analyzer and ISI.exe were used to compute the number of authors per document. VOSviewer and UCINET were used respectively for visualization and for measuring the centrality and the density of networks. Study findings indicate the top actors of the scientific society (authors, institutions, countries) that had the most publication on coronavirus. Similarly, the top keywords used by authors were identified. Also, the density and centrality measures of co-authorship networks (degree, closeness, betweenness) for the top 10 authors, institutions, countries, and keywords were identified. The Journal of Virology had the highest number of published papers on coronavirus research. The study revealed that the leading researchers and institutions were mostly from the United States of America, England, China, Germany, Netherlands, France, Canada, Japan, South Korea, and Saudi Arabia.

Commercialization of research results refers to a set of efforts aimed at raising capital and increasing the relationship between the academic and research sector and economic and social sector. The present study intends to identify and rank the factors affecting the commercialization process of research results at Payam-e-Noor University in order to determine the extent of influence of the identified factors. Therefore, this is an applied research in terms of purpose, which studies the factors affecting the process of knowledge commercialization in previous studies, using the confirmatory factor analysis approach. Using fuzzy hierarchical analysis, it was determined that legal, economic, manpower, cultural, structural and political, and communicational and information-related barriers are the first to sixth barriers to the knowledge commercialization in Payam-e-Noor University. Using fuzzy DEMATEL technique, the effectiveness and affectability of factors involved in the process of knowledge commercialization were identified. Accordingly, weak legal framework for supporting idea people at the university, inefficiency and ineffectiveness of the rules and regulations for commercialization, lack of regulation for the apportionment of financial gain from commercialization among scholars, lack of skilled and expert human resources in the universities, lack of facilities and financial resources for research commercialization, and lack of mutual recognition between university and industry had the most affectability. In other words, these are the dependent/outcome variables of the model. On the other hand, inadequate knowledge of the faculty members, poor fund management in the university, weakness of universities in wealth creation, absence of university entrepreneurial missions, the absence of up-to-date and effective idea banks and databases in the universities, and lack of effective communication between students and industry sector’s activists had the most effectiveness. In other words, these variables are the independent/causal variables of the model.

The purpose of this empirical quantitative study is the measurement and evaluation of the relations between structural domains, including simple and complex structure of concepts and semantic relations. Our scientific guess is that there is a significant relation between the structure of concepts and the number of semantic relations. Moreover, there is the lack of investigation on assessing the behavioral interaction between structural domains to improve information retrieval (IR (performance for achieving cognitive results to generate theoretical argument. The mix-method of deductive and inductive approach is adapted in operating the research methodology, especially for data collection. The research data is selected from a complex and authoritative agricultural ontology (i.e., VocBench). Sample size out of 40000 concepts is around 1500 concepts, which were collected via stratified random sampling. The data analysis results were derived from SPSS and Excel software which employed proportional and inferential analysis. The expected relation is that an increase in the numbers of simple concepts causes the increase of semantic relations and vice versa.

This study aims to examine the research output in engineering by the Middle East countries. The data on engineering research by Middle East countries were collected from Web of Science. Collected data were analyzed with various tools such as Average Annual Growth Rate (AAGR), Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR), Activity Index (AI), and Relative Specialization Index (RSI). The level of regional and international cooperation in the Middle East countries was also identified. Findings showed Iran has the highest overall performance in total documents, total citations, h-index, and highly cited papers, but most of the publications by Yemen were international cooperation. Iran, Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, and Yemen in the field of petroleum engineering; Bahrain and Qatar in industrial engineering; Turkey in geological engineering; Syria in agricultural engineering; Lebanon in medical engineering; Israel in cell & tissue engineering; Iraq in civil engineering; Egypt in Chemical Engineering; and Jordan in Software Engineering have the highest RSI in their countries. Results show that Iran had the best performance in most of the indicators (quantitative indices) and Saudi Arabia has good performance in qualitative indices among Middle East countries

Traditional citation analysis has been greatly criticized because the process of citation accumulation requires considerable time after publication. So, the term “altmetrics” was proposed in 2010 to measure the scientific and social impact of a paper. According to the deficiencies of traditional citation analysis, we performed a comprehensive search for medical ethics publications using the altmetrics approach from the beginning until 2019. In this descriptive-analytical study, we retrieved the articles discussing any topics relating to medical ethics that published in the Scopus database from the beginning till 2019 using related medical ethics keywords. A total number of 455 articles with altmetrics scores and citations, included in this study. Altmetrics data were extracted via an altmetrics bookmarklet. Dimensions, Mendeley, and Twitter, had prominent sources of attention on social media platforms. The most number of tweets, and Mendeley's attentions, in the medical ethics fields, originated from the United States (US) and the United Kingdom (UK). Moreover, master students have the largest share in the citation of articles in Mendeley. Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine has the most proportion of altmetrics score among Iranian papers in medical ethics. The correlation between the altmetrics score and citation index was significant (p

This scientometric research was conducted through correlation-analysis, and intended to assess the correlation between publications and patents both in developed countries and in Iran. The present study was performed using scientometric methodology and used USPTO for patent data and Scopus for publication data from 2015 to 2019. This study applied both parametric and non-parametric statistical analyses. Moreover, the Spearman Correlation analysis was used to determine the correlation between variables and types of variables. The data analysis was conducted using SPSS1 software. The relationship between these two variables was significant in each of the years under study. Different types of scientific documents, such as books, articles, and conference papers, were assessed. The Pearson Correlation analysis between these types of documents showed significance at 0.01 level in the articles with the correlation coefficient of 0.858, books with the correlation coefficient of 0.867, and conference papers with the correlation coefficient of 0.874, which was related to the extent of patenting. The subject areas related to social sciences and humanities, engineering and technical sciences, medical sciences, and biological sciences with the correlation coefficients of 0.866, 0.861, 0.843, and 0.834, respectively, at 0.01 level, revealed a significant relationship between the studied countries’ scientific output in these subject areas and the extent of patenting. The results of the present research showed that there was a positive relationship between the studied countries’ scientific output and their level of patenting. The countries that enjoy high levels of scientific output have more inventions. However, the results for Iran indicated that the growth in scientific output has had an insignificant effect on the country’s invention rate.

The present study aims to work out solutions for reducing Social Media(SM) harms based on the media ecological perspective. According to media ecology perspective, SM should be addressed at micro-, meso-, exo-, macro-, and chrono-levels. Drawing on meta-synthesis method, Magiran, SID, Noormags, ScienceDirect, Wiley, Springer, Ebscohost, and Sage databases were searched for the data using related keywords. Accordingly, a number of 129 articles were retrieved from the databases. Further analyses on the article titles, abstracts and full texts led to the exclusion of 47, 26, and 14 articles from the set, respectively. Eventually, 42 articles were selected and analyzed as the research sample. The eligibility criteria included peer-reviewed journal articles or full conference papers on social media harms or abuse, published between 2002 -2020, available in English and Persian. As other sources (e.g. dissertations) are not peer-reviewed, and we aimed to identify rigorous best practice literature, we excluded these. The results showed that solutions could be worked out by studying the why and how to use and to participate along with the harms simultaneously. The why and how to use as well as the harms may be determined at micro-, meso-, exo-, macro-, and chrono-levels so that solutions could be proposed at five levels including nurturing time management skills; promoting critical thinking; encouraging family, peer, and colleagues’ participation in creating recreational, sports and leisure contexts; teaching media literacy; passing binding and persuasive laws, then review the historical trend of technology adoption.

The pattern of success for knowledge management may help companies achieve their goals regarding knowledge. Therefore, this research aims at planning the pattern of success for knowledge management in the knowledge-based companies. The research method was a combined one: at the first stage, theme analysis was used to identify the major and components that affect the success of knowledge management in the knowledge-based companies. The main tool for gathering data at this stage was interview. Sampling at this stage was accomplished in a theoretical way. At the second stage, the pattern of success for knowledge management in the knowledge-based companies was planned based on interpretive-structural modelling; the planned pattern was evaluated in the statistical population of knowledge-based companies using path-structural modelling. The data gathering tool in this phase was a questionnaire. The results of the qualitative phase showed 9 major themes and 42 components. The results of the quantitative phase showed that the strategy of knowledge management and the environmental and industrial factors are considered the main factors of success for knowledge management in a knowledge-based company. Evaluating the planned pattern in the statistical population of this research showed that the planned pattern fitted properly, and the entire acquired relations were confirmed.

Fashion branding is decisive to create a distinctive image of a product. It is more important in the fashion apparel industry. Despite the existing studies, there is a need for a comprehensive investigation that can accurately portray the realities regarding fashion branding. In this regard, to provide a complete image and a deep understanding of the state of research in this field, the visualization technique of scientific networks was used. The research population consisted of all articles indexed on the Web of Science (WoS) database using the keywords such as "branding" and "fashion" from 1900 to 2019. The data was collected via a systematic review and analyzed by VOSviewer software. The research results included the data on identifying top scientific researchers and most influential countries; analyzing the relationships among researchers and countries, identifying keyword occurrences; and identifying research hotspots and subjects on which little research had been done. 1679 researchers, 64 countries, and 2522 keywords were obtained from 906 articles in total. This research seeks to explore and present emerging research topics. The research new insights and instruments emphasize the intellectual paradigm governing branding in international research for managers and owners of the fashion apparel industry. The intellectual paradigm investigated in this study by providing a comprehensive image of research conducted over the past thirty years in the field of fashion branding guides researchers to select research fields, keywords and also cite international articles and thus make Iranian research outputs more valuable. Managers of the fashion and clothing industry are also advised to use the fashion branding intellectual paradigm, which has been studied in detail in this research, in order to gain a comprehensive insight into the research background and scientific management of their brand.

The problem of phishing attacks continues to demand new solutions as existing solutions are limited by various challenges such as high computational requirements, zero-day attacks, needs for updates, complex ruled-based, etc. Besides, the emerging mobile market demands simple solutions to phishing due to several factors such as memory, fragmentation, etc. In response to the above challenges, a simple anti-phishing tool called LinkCalculator is presented. The proposed LinkCalculator anti-phishing scheme is based on an algorithm designed to extract link characteristics from loading URLs to determine their legitimacy. Unlike the other link-based extraction approaches, the proposed approach introduced the concept of weight to represent the different links found in a URL. This is because certain link information within parsed webpages or requests is sufficient to classify them as phishing without loss of generality. The approach is experimented using a dataset of 300 instances consisting of 150 legitimate URLs and 150 phishing URLs from openly-available research datasets. The experimental results indicate a significance performance of 100%. True Negative Rate and 0.00% False Positive Rate for legitimate instances and True Positive Rate of 96.67% with 0.03 % False Negative Rate for phishing instances which indicate that the approach offers a more efficient lightweight approach to phishing detection.

This study is conducted to know Information and Communication Technology (ICT) mediated extension services in agriculture in Nepal. In this report, different ICT tools that are used for extension of agriculture in Nepal, organizations and divisions working for an extension, extension system of country, benefits and advantages from the use of ICT tools, constraints in the use of ICT tools in agriculture extension and their solutions are included. This report is prepared by studying different journal articles, reports, books and newspapers. Among ICT tools mobile phone is the most used ICT tools by farmers and laptop is the most used ICT tools used by the organizations for data processing. Radio and television are more popular in rural areas. This study shows that most of the ICT users are confined in urban areas. There are many advantages of the use of ICT tools in the field of agriculture. ICT tools can cover a large number of the population with high speed. ICT tools increase productivity, sustainability and efficiency of farms by providing relevant information timely and more easily. ICT tools provide information about quality seeds, transportation, marketing, new technologies and weather condition that facilitate the farmers for making the right decision. There are many agriculture-related mobile applications available at Google play store. These mobile apps give knowledge about cropping methods, crop management practices, crop protection, the market price of inputs and outputs etc. These mobile apps are managed in Nepali language for facilitating the Nepali farmers. Agriculture-related programs are broadcasted through national television channels and FM radio stations. There are technical, socio-economic, institutional and infrastructural constraints that limit the use of ICTs in agriculture fields.

OPAC visibility, implementation of the cloud system and challenges of its adoption are the variables that define the crust of the research. The study, compartmentalizing the Nigerian University libraries, adopted the quantitative methods employing the use of observation and survey. A two-month long observation of the websites and OPAC of the studied universities was undertaken. The non-probability sampling - precisely purposive sampling - was deployed while the entire one hundred and sixty (160) Nigerian universities – as at 2018 – served as the sample size for the study. A questionnaire was designed to collect primary data on the availability of OPACs and adoption of cloud hosting in Nigerian university libraries. This was administered electronically via the email-boxes of virtual/systems librarians. Significant trends noticeable in the research findings include low visibility, in-house hosting of OPAC and indifference to the adoption of cloud computing with hosting (subscription) fee, downtime in internet connectivity and fear of vulnerability to hackers’ attack being the significant challenges. It is recommended that stakeholders should leverage on the existing consortium (platform) facilitated by Nigerian Research and Education Network (NgREN) to benefit from the economy of scale in addition to collaboration with relevant global agencies. Furthermore, a synergy between the librarians and the ICT units should be strengthened for a better understanding of the technical challenges in order to provide appropriate solutions to them.

Vast majority of data mining algorithms have been designed to work on centralized data, unfortunately however, almost all of nowadays data sets are distributed both geographically and conceptually. Due to privacy and computation cost, centralizing distributed data sets before analyzing them is undoubtedly impractical. In this paper, we present a framework for clustering distributed data which takes into account privacy and computation cost. To do that, we remove uncertain instances and just send the label of the other instances to the central location. To remove the uncertain instances, we develop a new instance weighting method based on fuzzy and rough set theory. The achieved results on well-known data verify effectiveness of the proposed method compared to previous works.

The aim of the study is to offer integrated access to information and data sources in the libraries of Iranian universities of medical sciences (UMS) as an important feature enhancing the quality and quantity of research. Thus, it is essential to study the status of Iranian libraries of UMS in terms of integration features. Accordingly, the main objective of the present study was the identification of integration in libraries of Iranian UMS in terms of metadata, digital contents, software, hardware, and human force. The quantitative study was conducted with an analytic survey method. The statistical population consists of 66 Iranian UMS, of this, 59 libraries completed the researcher-made questionnaire. To ensure the accuracy of data, interviews and, in some cases, observations were also performed. Statistical estimates of frequency, percentage, cumulative frequency, and diagrams were utilized for data analysis. The results demonstrated that the library software programs of UMS do not have a desirable status in terms of content, human force, software infrastructure, and integration features. These libraries enjoyed an optimal status in terms of hardware which was, however, not properly used. To create integrated access to the contents of libraries of Iranian UMS, it is essential to provide the required infrastructure, including integration features, human force, and appropriate contents such as the metadata and digital contents of data sources

This study examined important information resources and format inclination of information resources utilized by science and technology (S&T) researchers as they acquire information in the course of their projects. The study institute was “Federal Institute of Industrial Research Oshodi (FIIRO) in Nigeria”. The study employed the research design of mixed methods. Questionnaires were utilized for S&T researchers and interview engagements with professional librarians in order to collect data. One hundred and fourteen copies were received for the questionnaires distributed to S&T researchers. All the professional librarians (five) working in the institute’s library were acceptably interviewed. The S&T researchers uncovered that the journal was the information resource most important to them. The preferred format for information resources was the combination of print and non-print resources. We recommend that both print and electronic versions of information resources should be provided for the researchers by the institute’s administrators. Further studies are required on expansion and changes in S&T researchers’ information resource preferences in order to adequately tackle their contemporary and prospective need for information.

The world and its various fields witnessing many changes resulting from economic, political, social and technological developments. Where the societies are racing to have as much as possible information because primary is the raw material in its success and facing to these developments. In addition to use of information technology with high intensity these communities as known as the information society. Educational institutions must be at the forefront of organizations that rely on information and information technology- for their activities.Hence, the intellectual dilemma of research which is the diagnosis of the availability of the ingredients for building an information society in the College of Administration and Economics to be considered among these communities' societies? The research focuses on achieving a fundamental goal which is to measure the availability of the components of the information society in order to be adopted in building of this society. The researchers adopted questionnaire as a tool to collect field data and then prepared for this purpose. As the form questionnaire included 34 questions. And the selected of a sample of (86) my teaching was chosen from the faculty members of the college of management and economics /the university of mosul, as for the case study method was used. The researchers reached a number amount to a number of conclusions, the most important of which is a weakness in the orientation towards the authoring and publish of scientific books by university professors. As for the most important proposals that were presented in the research are the importance of caring for providing the provision of information technology in all colleges of the University of Mosul because it is one a basic of the requirement in contemporary university education.

Telkom University as one of the universities in Indonesia that have used website media has never done in-depth research to find out whether the main website it manages still has a gap between expectations and perceptions from the perspective of its users. In previous studies, assessments of higher education websites were carried out using the slightly modified WebQual 4.0 instrument by omitting several indicators. However, it is not clear what the priority level of each indicator should be measured, based on the perception of their users. This study will measure the level of the gap between the users' expectations and perceptions of the Telkom University website, and what factors are prioritized to be improved. To collect the required data, researchers distributed questionnaires to 400 stakeholders of the Telkom University website. The collected data were analyzed using the Gap Analysis and Importance-Performance Analysis methods. It can be seen that there are nine indicators on Telkom University's website that need improvement. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that there is still a gap between the expectations and perceptions of users, with several factors that must be corrected to improve the quality of the Telkom University website sequentially from the highest priority. This study contributes by developing the modified WebQual 4.0 instrument to assess the quality of the university website which uses five variables such as Usability, Information Quality, Service Interaction Quality, User Interface Quality, and Availability, and also provides an overview of the indicators that must be improved, indicators that must be maintained, indicators with low priority, and which indicators must be reduced in priority on the Telkom University website, Telkom University, Indonesia

Among different tools, university website is one of the cost-effective and convenient methods for communicating with users; it is also a platform for institutions or organizations to achieve their goals. Universities should work on their websites to keep positive images in their public minds. This study aimed to introduce overlapping various types of university website evaluation methods and models. Therefore, content analysis was adopted as the research methodology. Then, scientific databases were searched using the related keywords and extracting the published articles in the context of the university website evaluation. The results of this study showed that university website evaluation models and methods included Quality Web Model Development, Webqem, WAI, Webometrics, E-Qual, University Websites Evaluation and Credibility (UWEAC), University Website Evaluation Framework (UWEF), Development and Validation of the University Website Evaluation Scale (UWES), a Web Usability Evaluation Model for Higher Education (WUEM), University Websites Quality Web Model Development, University Portals Data Quality assessment Framework (UPDQAF), and the University Website Usability Evaluation checklist (UWUE): An exploratory study. In fact, webometrics is the only method that is distinct from other assessment methods. Moreover, UWEAC model with the highest average (0.194) has the most overlap with others. Since the University Websites Evaluation and Credibility (UWEAC) are the comprehensive model, university website designers and evaluators could consider this approach as a preferable model in the university website evaluation but they should ensure that most of the evaluation criteria are considered.

Evaluating the quality and quantity of information presented by universities on their website is the main strategy to ensure that the university web-based activities are in the correct order. In this regard, there are several ranking systems that evaluate the quality and quantity of web-based activities of universities and accordingly rank them. Comparing the universities based on web activity measurement is a suitable tool to find out the weaknesses of the university for presenting itself on World Wide Web. In this study, top-ranked Iranian medical universities were compared with top-ranked world universities according to the website traffic data. For this purpose, the website traffic information was acquired from “Similarweb” website. The results showed that the total traffic size, bounce rate and backlinks from referrals and social networks were significantly different between Iranian medical and world top-ranked universities. Furthermore, the results of this analysis revealed that the quality of website, which expectedly increased the visit duration and visited pages, was not significantly correlated with total traffic size for nor top-ranked world and Iranian medical universities. In addition, the results showed that the total traffic size of top-ranked world universities was significantly correlated with backlinks from direct access and search engines, while for Iranian medical universities such correlation could not be found. In conclusion, the main gap between top-ranked Iranian medical universities and top-ranked world universities was due to the search engine optimization issues and the link between social networks and universities, that both need more enhancement.

In this paper, the opinions of bioinformatics experts were sought to examine the knowledge semantic maps. The research question was whether the mapping of bioinformatics field articles could contribute to the reflection of knowledge map in this field; can knowledge within articles be demonstrated through a knowledge map? The research type was applied and analytical. Data collection was performed in two ways. First, the data were collected from scientific databases by using semantic search software and drawing knowledge maps by the software. Second, Delphi technique was used in two stages in order to obtain the opinion of experts regarding these knowledge semantic maps and co-concepts in bioinformatics field. In this method, first, the co-concepts map of the articles exported by Yewno and the knowledge semantics map were presented to the experts to get their viewpoints. By implementing the Delphi approach, the opinions of experts in examining the application of knowledge semantic maps resulted in the phonological analysis of articles in this field. The analysis results demonstrated that the knowledge map of bioinformatics studies dynamically developed over time. The continuous conduction flow of scientific studies in this field brought continuous changes to the knowledge of this field.

The aim of the present study is to visualize the dynamics of conceptual clusters, hidden patterns and emerging knowledge of "cybernetics in Middle Eastern countries" subject area in a global scale based on the co-word analysis of scientific outcomes indexed in the Web of Science database. This research is an applied one, performed with the co-word analysis method and analytical approach. The population includes 2280 keywords from 705 records in the cybernetics subject area in Middle Eastern countries, published in 7 journals indexed in the Web of Science database until 2018. To have a coherence set of data and create the co-occurrence matrix, RavarPreMap software applied. Then, using SPSS 16 and VOSViewer, the subjects were clustered and mapped. Specifications of co-word networks such as centrality and density illustrated using UCInet software in the form of a strategic diagram. Thereby, the situation and evolutionary branches of the cybernetics subject area revealed in Middle Eastern countries. The trend of scientific productions in cybernetics in Middle Eastern counties is incremental. Computer science, with 444 records, is the core subject in the mentioned studies. Researchers’ intellectual structures are identifiable in 12 clusters. The most significant cluster is the twelfth one, named master data mining algorithms and including 20 keywords. The distribution of clusters in the strategic diagram shows that Clusters 1, 2, and 4 are core issues in the subject area.Furthermore, they are mature and coherent, being studied at the core of the research area, having a core and developable role. The co-word analysis is a proper and powerful method in discovering and visualizing science and knowledge, tracking sciences, studying the trend of conceptual dynamicity, identifying and analyzing researchable fields in the subject area of cybernetics. This strategic approach can drastically help research planners and policy-makers as well as governmental authorities

This study uses forecasting approach based on key driving forces and their interactions in order to identify important driving forces affecting the future of academic libraries in Iran. The study is a combination of literature review, experts’ opinions and cross impact analysis. In order to analyze the data, SPSS and MicMac applications were used. This is an applied study and the study population consisted of a group of stakeholders with dynamic roles in the future of academic libraries or those with clear pictures regarding the current trends in academic libraries worldwide. Experts were selected using purposeful sampling and included faculty members and researchers in the field of information science and scientometrics, as well as managers and librarians of academic libraries. After literature review, 70 driving forces were identified and categorized in 9 categories. The interaction between these driving forces was evaluated by experts selected from the study population. After evaluating direct and indirect interactions between these forces using MicMac software, 13 key driving forces were identified. The findings of this study indicated that driving forces of “systemic and creative thinking of library management”, “consistency between library managers expertise with information and scientometrics fields”, “development of strategic plans for libraries”, “welcoming of changes by the employees”, “place as one of the bases of educational system”, “electronic publishing”, “preparation of curriculum books”, “ online citation resources”, “nature of information and access methods”, “development of information and communication technologies”, “knowledge management in library planning”, “electronic content creation”, and “documents management”, had the largest effects on future of academic libraries. Also the findings of this study indicated that driving forces of “systemic and creative thinking of library management” and “consistency between library managers’ expertise with information and scientometrics fields” had the highest frequency related to being in a suitable situation with average of 1.92 and total of 25 positive scores. Key driving forces of “Development of strategic plans for libraries” and “welcoming of changes by the employees” with the average of 0.69 and total of 9 positive scores had the next places and had the largest effects on future of academic libraries. The analysis of the results indicates two facts regarding academic libraries. The first fact is that, through a small amount of effort, academic libraries are able to retain their traditional position in educational institutes. The second fact is that distancing the general process of academic libraries from critical and undesirable results, requires four main activities including “development of strategic plans for libraries”, “using employees who are enthusiastic regarding change”, “compatibility between managers’ specialties and information science and scientometrics” and “systemic thoughts and creativity of library managers”. The results of this study can be used for decision making and planning of higher education managers and authorities. Identifying the driving forces and their interactions can be used for decision making and planning for the future of academic libraries.

The co-words analysis, as a scientometric method, helps us to discover the conceptual relationships between scientific texts and application of such relationships as a means to demonstrate important links that may be difficult to discover in other ways. This article is intended to use an analytical approach and identify research areas and to reveal the intellectual structure of knowledge in laser researches in biomedicine literature during 2009-2018. In this descriptive-analytical study with a scientometric approach, the data about laser were retrieved from PubMed in MEDINE format, including 7,682 articles with 18,227 keywords. By using co-word analysis, clustering methods, and strategic diagram; the data were analyzed with the help of SPSS 20, UcInet, and VOSviewer software. This study found that a steady growth could be seen on the laser research and 19.47% of publications are found in 5 journals. The most frequent keywords in the field of laser have been “lasers, solid-‎state”, “laser therapy”, “lasers, ‎excimer”, etc. The results of cluster analysis shaped the concepts of laser in 7 clusters. The cluster “laser, excimer” was well developed and it plays an effective role. In contrast, “Photo ‎chemotherapy”, “skin diseases with Emphasis ‎on Lasers, gas”, “Laser Effects”, “Laser dentistry “and “Corneal Surgery, Laser” were relatively immature, which necessitates potential research space for future study. This research used co-word networks that indicate the important links between keywords of research areas. Disclosing the thorough context of issues which were encountered at the time of investigating, these networks will be used in locating knowledge gaps. Majority of research approaches include treatments or therapeutic aspects of laser in ophthalmology. The lack of some topics such as cardiology, oncology, optogenetics etc. shows that they have not been considered. Moreover, nevertheless of the practice site, application, or system in use, there is the goal of ‎making and keeping a laser-safe environment for the staff, the user, and patient. These subjects have not been sufficiently considered.

In recent years, lifelong education has become widespread in the public, contributing to explosive development of modern distance education. Meanwhile, distance learners have gradually had more and higher demands for online learning resources. Despite abundant online learning resources at present, their overall quality is relatively low and they can hardly satisfy learners’ learning demands. Based on customer satisfaction, the essay establishes evaluation indexes about online learning resources based on customer satisfaction, improves its development and proposes suggestions for improvement, which is of great theoretical and practical significance.

In this paper we present an IoT based solution that can reduce the complexity of crowd estimation. About the human crowd estimation many technique are in existence but now a day’s more work are going on in the field of IoT, because this is era of IoT and most of the every organization is shifted towards IoT based system. So we are also proposed this system in this field and we are using the Respberry Pi-3 which are having quad core processor that can very useful and gives better result and gives accurate number even in the humans are very close to each others. This IoT based model can easily implements in the crowded areas and monitor the same in this area. The camera module in this model also helps to differentiate between human and other bodies. As this is a mobile model it can easily fix on the walls of street light and in the time of dark or in night the camera capture clear image for process in the presence of street light. So that this model gives better result almost 70% better result in compare to exiting approaches.

As mobile data traffic increases, and the number of services provided by the mobile network increases, service load flows as well, which requires changing in the principles, models, and strategies for media transmission streams serving to guarantee the given nature of giving a wide scope of services in Flexible and cost-effective. Right now, the fundamental question remains what number of network slices will be cost effective for slice managing and giving the required functionality. So, the aim is to improve the efficiency of mobile network by forming an ideal slice in a multi-service communication network. In this paper, we propose a model to demonstrate network resource allocation system that forms devoted network slices to serve particular types of services independently on shared infrastructure. This model solves the problem of creating a strategy to form multi-service core mobile communication network slices, which allow the providing of a wide scope of services with certain quality indicators according to the effective dynamic configuration of the system. A resource management system model is created, to provide a method that considers costs related with excessive resource allocation, and also reduces the number of network recalculations, allowing for a reasonable proportion of management costs and Qualities of Service.

Social media allows people interact to express their thoughts or feelings about different subjects. However, some of users may write offensive twits to other via social media which known as cyber bullying. Successful prevention depends on automatically detecting malicious messages. Automatic detection of bullying in the text of social media by analyzing the text "twits" via one of the machine learning algorithms. In this paper, we have reviewed algorithms for automatic cyberbullying detection in Arabic of machine learning, and after comparing the highest accuracy of these classifications we will propose the techniques Ridge Regression (RR) and Logistic Regression (LR), which achieved the highest accuracy between the various techniques applied in the automatic cyberbullying detection in English and between the techniques that was used in the sentiment analysis in Arabic text, The purpose of this work is applying these techniques for detecting cyberbullying in Arabic.

The challenge of electricity distribution’s upgrade to incorporate new technologies is big, and electric utilities are mandated to work diligently on this agenda, thus making investments to ensure that current networks maintain their electricity supply commitments secure and reliable in face of disruptions and adverse environmental conditions from a variety of sources. The paper presents a new model based on energy homeostasis for power control and energy management using tariffs differentiation as incentive, considered by ENEL, the largest electric utility in Chile. The model optimizes grid-tied distributed generation (DG) systems with energy storage, in line with the utility’s green energy program, part of its Smart Grid Transformation, aimed at installing grid-tied DG systems with solar generation and energy storage in Santiago, Chile. Results present different tariff options, system’s capacity and energy storage alternatives, in order to compare proposed strategies with the actual case, where no green energy is present. The results show the advantage of the proposed tariffs scheme and power-energy management model based on different scenarios, providing a good and safe option for installing DG solutions to the grid.

This study aimed to examine the impact of parenting mediation strategies on family relationships and social media use among Saudi adolescents. To achieve the aim, a quantitative research design was used, involving questionnaires with data collected from 393 Saudi students aged 13-18 years. Pearson correlation and hierarchical multiple regression analyses were performed. The key findings of this study showed that Snapchat and Instagram were the most popular social media sites among Saudi adolescents, and parenting mediation strategies were affected by family relationships. Just over a third of participants (35.62%) reported that they spent 3-5 hours per day on social media with another 30.79% spending more than 6 hours per day on social media. Family relationships were found to strongly predict the social integration and social media addiction. The data showed a significant negative correlation between excessive use of social media and two components of family relationships (cohesion and expressiveness). Moreover, the results suggest that lower levels of family expressiveness and higher levels of family conflict were associated with social media addiction. The parenting mediation strategies were shown to predict the cohesiveness and expressiveness of family relationships. Finally, technical and monitoring parenting mediation strategies were found significant associated with the social media use and the family relationships. These results contribute to formulating guidelines for parents and policymakers in developing countries such as Saudi Arabia to protect their children from the social media risks.

LoRaWAN is one of the new and updated standards for IoT applications. However, the expected high density of peripheral devices for each gateway, and the absence of an operative synchronization mechanism between the gateway and peripherals, all of which challenges the networks scalability. In this paper, we propose to normalize the communication of LoRaWAN networks using a Reservation-ALOHA (R-ALOHA) instead of the standard ALOHA approach used by LoRa. The implementation is a library package placed on top of the standard LoRaWAN; thus, no modification in pre-existing LoRaWAN structure and libraries is required. Our proposed approach is based on a distributed synchronization service that is suitable for low-cost IoT end-nodes. R-ALOHA LoRaWAN gives better performance in comparison with the previous models; Pure-ALOHA LoRaWAN, Slotted-ALOHA LoRaWAN, and TDMA LoRaWAN. It significantly improves the performance of network regarding the probability of collision, the maximum throughput, and the maximum duty cycle.

In recent years, brain tumors become the leading cause of death in the world. Detection and rapid classification of this tumor are very important and may indicate the likely diagnosis and treatment strategy. In this paper, we propose deep learning techniques based on the combinations of pre-trained VGG-16 CNNs to classify three types of brain tumors (i.e., meningioma, glioma, and pituitary tumor). The scope of this research is the use of gray level of co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) features images and the original images as inputs to CNNs. Two GLCM features images are used (contrast and energy image). Our experiments show that the original image with energy image as input has better distinguishing features than other input combinations; accuracy can achieve average of 96.5% which is higher than accuracy in state-of-the-art classifiers.

Cloud computing is an emerging concept of information technology that in many countries has an influence on many companies. The research was conducted to evaluate cloud computing adoption in Saudi Arabia; Benefits and hindrances for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The qualitative research approach is performed by interviews with the management of a variety of SMEs active in the information and communication technology (ICT) industry. This paper illustrates a significant positive correlation between the use of cloud computing and organizational quality performances. The paper concluded that the knowledge level of SMEs on the accessibility of cloud services is below average scale. The greatest challenges about the cloud service are privacy and security in the cloud among providers and users for the Saudi Arabian firms.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a discipline interested in the processes and methods that allow a machine to perform tasks related to human intelligence. It offers many opportunities related to problem solving, quick decision-making, increasing efficiency and reducing costs. Because of its so various fields of application, artificial intelligence is at the heart of the new industrial revolution. Algeria aims to present its AI strategy by 2020. In this paper, we are interested in defining AI, its potential fields of application, and in particular, its influence in the customer journey and position of RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification) in the chain; application in the aviation sector and its relationship to the Internet of Things are also described through examples.

The Web has become the most important information source for most of us. Unfortunately, there is no guarantee for the correctness of information on the Web. Moreover, different websites often provide conflicting information on a subject. Several truth discovery methods have been proposed for various scenarios, and they have been successfully applied in diverse application domains. In this paper, we have attempted to answer the question whether the truth is relevant. We conducted an experimental study in which we analyzed and compared the results of two different truth discovery methods: Relevance-based sources ranking and Majority vote. We have found that the truth is not always held by the most relevant sources on the web. Sometimes the truth is given by the majority vote of the crowd. In addition, we have proposed a method of presenting the results of truth discovery with gradual degrees of belief. A method that allows to configure and target the desired level of trust.

Internet users all over the world are increasing day by day and showing great interest for online shopping. The main reason for the high usage of the internet is the affordable price of mobile gadgets and low internet tariff plans. Consumer behavior is influenced by various factors such as culture, social class, reference groups relationship, family, income level and income independency, age, gender, etc. The purpose of this study was to find out the differences in buying behaviors among the university students. The study was carried out using google survey with a sample size of 236 students randomly selected from the university of India and Saudi Arabia. The study shows that University students of both countries have more online shopping experience because they use the internet more frequently and they have larger internet usage. Nowadays Students are more computer professionals and those who use the internet for their study work and assignments work are more active in online shopping. As per student’s opinion, they said few things remember in our mind when coming to payment options credit card is the safest option or using online services like pay pal and google wallet services also a good way but finally, cash on delivery is the best way of shopping online. The result of this study would contribute marketers who want to penetrate the market in India and in Kingdom of Saudi Arab, who are already present in the market and desire to take care of the loyalty and satisfaction of their customers.

Online reviews have become essential aspect in E-commerce platforms due to its role for assisting customers’ buying choices. Furthermore, the most helpful reviews that have some attributes are support customers buying decision; therefore, there is needs for investigating what are the attributes that increase the Review Helpfulness (RH). This research paper proposed novel model called inclusive review helpfulnessmodel (IRHM) can be used to detect the most attributes affecting the RH and build classifier that can predict RH based on these attributes. IRHM is implemented on Amazon.com using collection of reviews from different categories. The results show that IRHM can detect the most important attributes and classify the reviews as helpful or not with accuracy of 94%, precision of 0.20 and had excellent area under curve close to 0.94.

The evolution of today's application technologies requires a certain level of robustness, reliability and ease of integration. We choose the Fields Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) hardware description language to implement the facial recognition algorithm based on "Eigen faces" using Principal Component Analysis. In this paper, we first present an overview of the PCA used for facial recognition, then use a VHSIC Hardware Description Language (VHDL) simulation and design platform, which is the ISE. We describe the operation of each block and implement, thereafter, the computation of the global centered images. This corresponds to the first step of the PCA algorithm to assess its performance. The comparison of the results of this implementation with that of MATLAB confirmed the operability and effectiveness of this method for centralizing images. We also implemented the last part of this algorithm which is the computation of the Manhattan distance. The tests have given very satisfactory results.

Dynamic Balanced Scorecard (DBSC) is an effective business performance management control tool for dealing with business uncertainty, performance monitoring, evaluation and forecasting. DBSC has been proposed and utilized extensively over the years as an effective tool to manage and control the dynamics of business processes (BP) and their performance. However, there is little evidence of its application in knowledge-intensive (KI) organizations and how they can develop and enhance key aspects of their business processes, such as product-service systems innovation, and sustainability, for example. Moreover, the literature does not mention nor does it provide a vision or a DBSC model in cases where business process management (BPM), linked to knowledge creation and organizational transformation initiatives, are factored in the DBSC model. Hence this article explores this vein and aims to demonstrate the advantages of DBSC in this type of scenarios, with stark contrast of failed organizations of the past, particularly in small and medium-size enterprises (SME). Most of the private sector in developing countries like Chile is comprised of SMEs, which thrive and seek to grow sustainably adhering to a global economic trend. The DBSC model being shown here illustrates SMEs strategy, which reveals how intrinsic characteristics of knowledge-intensive organizations can foster sustainability and innovation in BPM.

Government agencies are hiding civic information from the public, citing the COVID-19 pandemic, at a time when they should be more transparent, not less.

This case study documents the battle over the Washington State Public Records Act, which raged from 2017 through the end of 2019, reaching a crucial point through an extraordinary combination of citizen activism, journalistic pressure, and court action. The act, adopted in 1972 by a voter initiative, covers all “agencies,” but state legislators rejected the classification and refused to honor records requests. Journalists successfully challenged the Legislature in court, and in response lawmakers attempted to update the act to allow for secrecy, but failed. Lessons learned from the scuffle may be applied by legislators and transparency advocates in Washington state and throughout the country.

Public records officers are often the first point of contact for citizens and journalists requesting public records through state and federal sunshine laws. Very little research has explored the opinions of public records officers about the process of open records requests, particularly in the context of journalism. Adopting a theoretical framework synthesizing the sociology of law with journalistic discursive institutionalism, this study applies an exploratory survey to better understand this aspect of the open government process. Findings suggest that public records officers exhibit a high level of paternalism, challenging journalists’ foundational discursive role as government watchdogs. These findings offer guidance for journalists and public records officers on how to better cooperate with each other in the transparency process.

To achieve a sustainable development, each country requires a defined interaction between universities, government and industry. The economic, social and cultural development plans in Iran has emphasized on “accountability of scientific, research and educational centers for social, cultural and industrial demands”. This is obvious also in the field of veterinary science. Also, the collaborations of colleges, organizations and industries in this field can contribute to enhance productivity, providing food security and achieving the goals of the resistance economy. Accordingly, using Triple Helix method, the present research investigates the status of university, government and industry interactions in scientific production of Iranians in the field of veterinary science during 2010-2018. The research population was scientific papers of veterinary science research area, indexed in Islamic World Science Citation Center (ISC) or Web of Science database (WOS) by at least one Iranian author during 2010 - 2018. Also, the interactions between UGI were calculated, using ISI.EXE for coding the affiliations and Shannon’s information theory formulas. The results of the study showed that a very small percentage of articles published in veterinary science are written by non-university researchers or even by co-authorship of university and other sectors of the triple helix. Among bilateral relations, the UG interactions had the highest value. The best years for UGI interactions, were the year 2016 and 2013 for ISC articles and 2010 and 2011 for WOS articles. The results also, showed considering the scientific articles published in internal journals (ISC) have a high positive impact on the T-value of UGI interactions, as ISC trilateral interactions are remarkably better than WOS articles.

The purpose of the study was to articulate the Librarians' Individual Abilities affecting on applying the social networks, as a tool for marketing, from viewpoint of librarians working at the Iranian state university libraries. This research was analytical survey research. The research community consisted of 146 librarians who are working at central libraries of 40 state universities in the capital of province affiliated to Ministry of Science, Research and Technology. Data collection instrument was a researcher- made questionnaire. The findings of the research confirmed the impact of librarians’ individual abilities on the usage of social networks as a marketing tool in academic libraries. Among the components, “skill for establishing a communication via a social networks” (3.34), “familiarity with social network” (3.26) and “cognitive skill for meeting users’ information requirements” (3.13) had the greatest impact on using social networks as a marketing tool in academic libraries. Based on the findings of the research and outputs, we concluded that, individual abilities are among the most important success factors of academic libraries and most be defined as an important element of academic librarians’ competency profile. For that, library managers and librarians are to be aware of the ever-changing conditions in academic libraries, and assess the strengths and weaknesses of individual librarians' characteristics and their job performance for effective use of social networks in library marketing.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the subject of “public libraries” in the Clarivate Analytics Web of Science (WoS) and Islamic World Science Citation Center (ISC). The present study is a descriptive-analytical research adopting scientometrics approach in terms of data collection. The statistical population of the study consisted of 2976 documents indexed in the WoS during 1900-2017 as well as 232 documents indexed in the ISC during 1999-2017. To collect data, we refined the search to title as (TI=Public Library*) and limited it to the time span (PY=1900-2017) in WoS in order to avoid diversity in the retrieved documents. The same approach was followed to retrieve documents from ISC databases. Research findings showed that foreign researchers were interested in “information science and library”, “computer sciences”, and “architecture” in relation to public library studies. On the other hand, Iranian researchers focused on “public library studies”, “assessment”, and “staff studies including managers and librarians”. Considering the journals publishing research on public library issues, the findings showed that the American Library Journal (n=722) and the Iranian Research on Information Science and public libraries (n=134) published the largest number of articles on the subject at the global and local levels, respectively. USA, Canada, and England were the most productive countries in “public libraries” research area. Besides, University of Illinois and Islamic Azad University were the most active institutions publishing in this field at international and national levels with 62 and 57 documents, respectively. This study aimed to survey and compare research on public libraries in WoS and ISC. An examination of the subject area of public libraries revealed the trends of research fronts at the global level and in Iran and determines whether or not the topics of interest to world-class researchers are close to that of national researchers or if domestic researchers have addressed public library issues with an indigenous approach.

Information literacy is a set of capabilities that requires individuals to know when they need information and the ability to locate, evaluate and effectively use the information they need. Informational literacy in the true sense can contribute to the empowerment of researchers in different academic fields. This research has been conducted to investigate the status of information literacy skills of the faculty members of Amin University. A survey method used to collecting data. The research population includes all the faculty members of Amin University. The data were collected through the American Information Literacy Questionnaire and a researcher-made questionnaire. The results showed that, in terms of "identifying information needs" with an average of 3.37, "effective and efficient access to information" with an average of 3.70, "evaluation of information and information channels" with an average of 3.18, "the effective use of information" with an average of 3.69, "observance of legal issues of information and citation practices" with an average of 3.94 are relatively favorable. In general, the information literacy of subjects under study was evaluated as higher than the optimal level with a mean percentage of 74.32 and a mean score of 3.71 out of 4. Therefore, it can be concluded that by presenting educational and research workshops, the inclusion of an information literacy course (theoretical and practical) at the top of the standards of skills and training of faculty members of the university, a great step would be taken in improving their information literacy.