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The constructability theory is built on the premise that designated experts review and analyse a plan collectively to iron out obstacles that may cause failure to the plan and make the execution efficient and cost-effective. This paper aims to reveal constructability practices among stakeholders (owners, designers, and contractors) who are executing industrial projects in Saudi Arabia. The research commenced with an intensive review of related literature. The literature review enabled the researchers to develop a questionnaire (data collection tool) which was distributed among the stakeholders via E-mail. The received data were analysed using simple statistical tools such as means, frequency, etc. The Relative Importance Index (RII) was used to measure the level of benefits from the constructability implementation. The stakeholders were found to implement constructability at the project and, to some extent, at corporate levels. Besides, they use many Construction Industry Institute (CII) concepts emerging from well-constructability CII principles in industrial projects. They form teams consisting of personnel from their organizations and facilitators either from their organization or from constructability consulting organizations. They use effective constructability review techniques such as the log/file, brainstorming, and the design review checklist. The constructability implementation yields considerable benefits, including “Reduce engineering cost,” “Reduce construction cost,” “Reduce the amount of rework,” “Improve project safety,” “Reduce schedule duration,” and several others. The study contributes to the book of knowledge and provides practitioners with guidance in implementing constructability. Designers and contractors are advised to implement constructability at the corporate level.

The construction industry in Pakistan is experiencing a surge in public sector projects due to major investments in infrastructure projects. Project delays and cost overrun are common features in public sector construction projects in Pakistan. Therefore, an understanding of the causes of time and cost overrun in public projects is essential. This paper investigates delay and cost overrun factors within the context of public sector projects in Pakistan. This study identifies 48 potential factors from existing literature and semi-structured interviews were used to refine the identified factors into ten categories. A questionnaire survey was used to establish a hierarchy of factors using descriptive statistics. The results showed that the major causes of time overruns in public projects were (1) legal issues, such as court stay orders, land acquisition, relocation of public facilities; (2) technical errors leading to low-quality drawings, rework, and errors at bidding stage; and (3) Poor project management. The findings of this research contribute to understanding the causes of project delays in public sector projects in Pakistan.

This study presents a fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) analysis of the internet challenges of the internet of things (IoT) implementation of construction projects in Nigeria. The identification of the IoT challenges was carried out through a thorough literature search and discussions with 27 built environmental experts. In addition, DEMATEL, an expert judgement-based tool, was used to pick, design, and evaluate a structural model consisting of a causal relationship between defined IoT challenges. Subsequently, the fuzzy DEMATEL was deployed with a view to constructing a structural relationship between the various challenging factors by visualising the dynamic associations between them. Based on the findings of the literature survey and expert evaluation, 18 obstacles to the implementation of IoT in construction projects were classified into cause and effect classes based on their relative parameters of impact. The results suggest that 8 challenges were categorised into the cause group, while 10 were listed into the impact group. The results of this study will enable construction companies, construction industry experts, project managers in Nigeria to enhance their search to design and execute an effective and productive IoT application for their construction projects.

An endeavor to predict the optimum contingency value that balances between maintaining business competitiveness and achieving project objectives is definitely an essential contributor to the survival of contractors. The chief objective of this research, therefore, is to develop a mathematical prediction model of the optimum cost contingency value for building projects in Saudi Arabia. The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) technique was used to define the most significant risk factors inherent in public work projects. The multi attribute utility theory (MAUT) technique was used to measure contractors’ risk attitudes and to establish the utility functions through MATLAB. The required data to build the model for the AHP and MAUT were collected from 17 contractors mostly through intensive face-to-face interviews and email-response to a developed structured questionnaire. The integrated contingency model reflects the basic dimensions of risk and considers the various risk attitudes of contractors. The model has been implemented in prototype software using object-oriented programming. Two completed local building construction projects were used to validate and demonstrate the use of the developed model in recommending the optimum cost contingency value for building projects in Saudi Arabia. The developed model was proven reliable in estimating the contingency with an accuracy skewed 9% to the high side.

Recent discoveries of distinct molecular subtypes have led to remarkable advances in treatment for a variety of diseases. While subtyping via unsupervised clustering has received a great deal of interest, most methods rely on basic statistical or machine learning methods. At the same time, techniques based on graph clustering, particularly clique-based strategies, have been successfully used to identify disease biomarkers and gene networks. A graph theoretical approach based on the paraclique algorithm is described that can easily be employed to identify putative disease subtypes and serve as an aid in outlier detection as well. The feasibility and potential effectiveness of this method is demonstrated on publicly available gene co-expression data derived from patient samples covering twelve different disease families.

It is important to assess firms’ financial health in the harsh construction market of developing countries. This study seeks to achieve this by assessing locally owned construction firms’ (LOCOFs) financial performance through evaluating firms’ bill of quantities (BOQ) contract sums and bid unit rates of common building items. Accessible 60 BOQ of the 79 BOQ of building projects awarded to various LOCOFs from 2007 to 2015 by federal universities and federal universities teaching hospitals in Southwest Nigeria were obtained from the institutional archives. Regression analysis of the contract sums and bid unit rates of common building construction items of works such as concrete, sandcrete block, iron, mortar and floor tiles were carried out. LOCOFs’ bid unit rates were compared with published unit rates and Nigeria consumer price index (CPI) within the study period and inferences bothering on firms’ pricing pattern and financial viability of firms based on items of work unit rates were highlighted and discussed. The results showed that 119 out of a total 461 unit rates values representing 25.81% of the LOCOFs bided unit rates were higher than the published unit rates. LOCOFs unit rates trend decreased within 3 to 4 consecutive years while the Nigeria CPI trend increased all through the years considered in the study. This implies that LOCOFs common items of work bids unit rates were not always influenced by the prevailing prices of goods and services in Nigeria. A possible reason for this is the lowest tender selection criteria which influences LOCOFs’ bided unit rates thereby leading to the acclaimed compromise in the quality of construction output and stunted financial performance.

The construction industry influences and accelerates national growth and development, but it, however, contributes to unsustainable and eco-unfriendly development which impacts on the economy and environment. To encourage investment in sustainable construction, this study made a case for green building materials (GBM) products and services market in the construction industry of developing countries, through an assessment of the benefits of GBM incorporation in construction projects. The study adopted an internet-mediated questionnaire survey approach and snowball sampling techniques to gathered data from clients, consultants, professionals, and contractors/sub-contractor in the southeast geopolitical zones of Nigeria. Frequency, Percentile, Shapiro-Wilk test, Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) and Bartlett’s tests, relative importance index (RII) and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to analyse the collected data. The study revealed that the green construction market is unsaturated and under-tapped. With high awareness and low adoption levels of GBM, it was concluded that the most important benefits of GBM that will trigger demand and supply of GBM products and services are improved daylight and reduced need for artificial lighting, improves the quality of life, Increase employees productivity and reduced absenteeism, improve occupants health and comfort, higher profit and return on investment, leads to construction professionals specialisation, reducing greenhouse gas emission from building, reduces toxicity in the internal environment, low operating and maintenance cost, and creates new job opportunities. The uniqueness of this study lies in the assessment of the views of construction stakeholders' in the five states that make up the South-eastern geo-political zone of Nigeria, regarding the key benefits that could trigger the uptake and incorporation of GBM in construction. Developers and Investors in the industry could invest in green construction since there is a ready and unsaturated market for it.

The purpose of this paper is to identify which economic measures do ICT experts perceive as important for the development of the ICT sector and to explore whether there is a need to introduce special developmental measures depending on the international or domestic market orientation. To gain valuable results, a survey on 112 ICT experts was conducted and, along with descriptive statistics measures, a chi square test and association rules were used in the analysis. The results of the primary research indicate variables that need to be addressed in the development of new policies (primary reduction of bureaucratization, taxation and frequency of legal changes) and obviates the need for introducing separate policies for internationally oriented companies.

The implementation of collaborative approaches in supply chains is an objective of many companies. The proposal of this work is to present a model that favors horizontal integration at the tactical-operational level of the supply chain. The model is based in the principles of logistics flow management; and in the balance of demand, supplies, capacities and stocks. The main contribution of the research is the practical application of collaborative planning as a daily tool for integration between all supply chain echelons. The results obtained in the case studies show that this type of approach improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the logistics system.

Healthcare waste (HCW) management plays a vital role in the development of modern society. In HCW management, failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) is a popular method to implement risk management for improving the quality of healthcare. However, the shortcomings of the traditional FMEA method have been widely discussed in literatures. This paper proposes an information fusion FMEA method based on 2-tuple linguistic information and interval probability. The 2-tuple linguistic set theory is adopted to change the heterogeneous information into interval numbers. Meanwhile, the interval probability comparison method is applied to analyze failure modes. Finally, a case study is presented to verify the reliability and effectiveness of the proposed method by comparing different FMEA methods.

This study investigates the role of oil futures price information on forecasting the US stock market volatility using the HAR framework. In-sample results indicate that oil futures intraday information is helpful to increase the predictability. Moreover, compared to the benchmark model, the proposed models improve their predictive ability with the help of oil futures realized volatility. In particular, the multivariate HAR model outperforms the univariate model. Accordingly, considering the contemporaneous connection is useful to predict the US stock market volatility. Furthermore, these findings are consistent across a variety of robust checks.

Purpose: This study tests and analyzes the relationship pattern (nexus) of Green HRM, SCP, and BP. In addition, this study also tests the mediation role of SCP in analyzing the relationship between GHRM and BP and the mediation role of SCP in analyzing the relationship between SCOL and BP. Design/methodology: This study uses survey method. The survey is distributed to owners/managers of courier service SMEs in two provinces (Special Region of Yogyakarta and East Java) in Indonesia. The sampling technique is conducted purposively with 165 respondents. The data analysis technique uses AMOS 23. Findings: SCOL has a positive effect on SCP and BP and mediates the effect of SCP on BP. The most interesting about the findings is GHRM has no effect on SCP and BP and SCP does not mediate GHRM on BP. Research limitations/implications: Researcher use purposive sampling which has limitation of not being able to generalize the population in two provinces, namely Special Region of Yogyakarta and East Java. This is also not ideal approach to evaluate the impact of GHRM on SCP and BP and the impact of SCOL on SCP and BP. Courier service SMEs in this study have not implemented GHRM in ideal manner so they are unable to conclude the results in a comprehensive and transparent manner. Managerial Implication: Companies need to consider aspects related to the courier service industry, namely digitalization of information and green innovation so their contribution can be seen in improving whole business performance. In addition, it is necessary to divide SMEs that have practiced GHRM and those that are not so they can make strategies and policies related to GHRM, SCP, BP and SCOL. It is also necessary to examine other aspects in improving the business sustainability of courier services, namely the complexity and service strategy orientation. SMEs who have more SCOL strategy will better implement GHRM practices associated with SCP and BP. This is important since competition in the courier service industry is getting tougher especially when faced with foreign competitors who already have global service standards. Theory Implication: This study contributes the theory enrichment of SCOL aspect in mediating the relationship pattern between SCP and BP. This study also provides theoretical contributions namely GHRM has no effect on SCP and BP and SCP does not mediate GHRM on BP. Originality/value: Study which examines the role of SCOL, especially when it is related to GHRM, SCP and BP is still limited in Asia. SME owners in the courier service industry rarely have good data integration in the system. The implementation of SC is starting from upstream to downstream processes so that SMEs need a well-planned and integrated SCOL in each work unit which ultimately have an impact on SCP and BP

This paper analyzes the influence of downside risk on defaultable bond returns. By introducing a defaultable bond-trading model, we show that the decline in market risk tolerance and information accuracy leads to trading loss under downside conditions. Our empirical analysis indicates that downside risk can explain a large proportion of the variation in yield spreads and contains almost all valid information on liquidity risk. As the credit level decreases, the explanatory power of downside risk increases significantly. We also investigate the predictive power of downside risk in cross-sectional defaultable bond excess returns using a portfolio-level analysis and Fama-MacBeth regressions. We find that downside risk is a strong and robust predictor for future bond returns. In addition, due to the higher proportion of abnormal transactions in the Chinese bond market, downside risk proxy semi-variance can better explain yield spreads and predict portfolio excess returns than the proxy value at risk.

Long robotic arms are useful for many applications such as nuclear plant decommissioning, inspection, and firefighting. A major problem for designing and operating long robotic arms is that even small end effector reaction forces and arm gravity can result in large loads on proximal arm joints because of long moment arms. To solve that problem, previous researches focus on specifically designed long arms with certain compensation mechanisms. However, those specialized arm designs are difficult to be applied to existing long robotic arms and to be customized for different missions. To overcome those two drawbacks, we recently proposed a watch-like thrust-generating modular device, called flying watch, with the following two major advantages. Firstly, flying watch can be attached to different kinds of existing long robotic arms and generate thrusts to enhance arm strength. And we have proposed a thrust planning method for flying watch in our previous work. Secondly, since different flying watch attachment allocations can enhance the same robotic arm in different ways, flying watch attachment allocations can be customized to meet the needs of a specific mission. However, up to now, customizing flying watch attachment allocations to different missions is still based on human experience and there is no clear performance metric and automated design method for flying watch attachment allocation. To facilitate mission-dependent long arm enhancement, in this paper, we first propose a novel performance metric, called thrust drivability, which measures the ability of a flying watch attachment allocation to counteract unexpected end effector reaction forces. Then based on thrust drivability, we propose an automated design method, called Allocation Optimization based on Weighted Situations (AOWS), for generating mission-dependent flying watch attachment allocations counteracting both unexpected and known external forces. Simulations show that AOWS based allocation designs can counteract both known and unexpected external forces much better than human-experience-based allocation designs.

The efficient evacuation of people from dangerous areas is a key objective of emergency management. However, many emergencies give little to no advanced warning, leading to spontaneous evacuation with no time for planning or management. For large emergencies, destinations become less certain, with traffic demand imbalanced and concentrated on a few oversaturated routes familiar to evacuees. Ultimately, this leads to rapid congestion and delay on some routes, while others remain barely used, extending clearance times with an accumulating population at risk. In this study we address these issues through incorporating spatio-temporal traffic resilience dynamics into a destination choice model utilizing the available capacity of the overall network. We validate our model through a post-concert egress event. The results suggest that our method can reduce total egress times and average travel time by 20%–43% over the no-guidance condition. Our method can be used to estimate and quantify emergency conditions to optimally guide destinations and routing choice for evacuees and/or autonomously moving vehicles during evacuations.

This paper presents an EKF-based self-attitude estimation with a DNN (deep neural network) learning landscape information. The method integrates gyroscopic angular velocity and DNN inference in the EKF. The DNN predicts a gravity vector in a camera frame. The input of the network is a camera image, the outputs are a mean vector and a covariance matrix of the gravity. It is trained and validated with a dataset of images and corresponded gravity vectors. The dataset is collected in a flight simulator because we can easily obtain various gravity vectors, although the method is not only for UAVs. Using a simulator breaks the limitation of amount of collecting data with ground truth. The validation shows the network can predict the gravity vector from only a single shot image. It also shows that the covariance matrix expresses the uncertainty of the inference. The covariance matrix is used for integrating the inference in the EKF. Flight data of a drone is also recorded in the simulator, and the EKF-based method is tested with it. It shows the method suppresses accumulative error by integrating the network outputs.

Social responsibility investment (SRI) has attracted worldwide attention for its potential in promoting investment sustainability and stability. We developed a three-step framework by incorporating environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance into portfolio optimization. In comparison to studies using weighted ESG rating scores, we constructed a data envelopment analysis (DEA) model with quadratic and cubic terms to enhance the evidence of two or more aspects, as well as the interaction between the environmental, social, and governance attributes. We then combined the ESG scores with financial indicators to select assets based on a cross-efficiency analysis. The portfolio optimization model incorporating ESG scores with selected assets was constructed to obtain a social responsibility investment strategy. To illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, we applied it in the United States industrial stock market from 2005 to 2017. The empirical results show that the obtained SRI portfolio may be superior to traditional investment strategies in many aspects and may simultaneously achieve the consistency of investment and social values.

In this study, we consider a real-life Line Balancing Problem (LBP) at a metalworking company. Based on the concerns of the company’s managers, the number of workstations is considered as the main performance criteria for line balancing, while line efficiency and smoothness are considered as the second and the third performance criteria. Two alternative line configurations, i.e., the straight line and the U-shaped line, are considered in the study as a company request. The Grouping Evolution Strategy (GES) algorithm, as one of the novel and powerful method in the literature, is used at a first step, assuming deterministic task times. At a second step, discrete event simulation is used to analyse the impact of stochastic’ times on the dynamic behaviour of the two line configurations in terms of throughput time and throughput rate. Results of this study are expected to contribute to both research and practice in the context of line balancing.

Intermittent demand refers to the specific demand pattern with frequent periods of zero demand. It occurs in a variety of industries including industrial equipment, automotive and specialty chemicals. In some industries or some sectors of industry, even majority of products are in intermittent demand pattern. Due to the usually small and highly variable demand sizes, accurate forecasting of intermittent demand has always been challenging. However, accurate forecasting of intermittent demand is critical to the effective inventory management. In this study we present a band new method - modified TSB method for the forecasting of intermittent demand. The proposed method is based on TSB method, and adopts similar strategy, which has been used in mSBA method to update demand interval and demand occurrence probability when current demand is zero. To evaluate the proposed method, 16289 daily demand records from the M5 data set that are identified as intermittent demands according to two criteria, and an empirical data set consisting three years’ monthly demand history of 1718 medicine products are used. The proposed mTSB method achieves the best results on MASE and RMASE among all comparison methods on the M5 data set. On the empirical data set, the study shows that mTSB attains an ME of 0.07, which is the best among six comparison methods. Additionally, on the MSE measurement, mTSB shows a similar result as SES, both of which outperform other methods.

We consider a joint inventory-pricing control problem in a single-product, periodic-review, dual-supplier inventory system. The two suppliers have different lead times. One expedited supplier offers instantaneous replenishment, and one regular supplier requires an L-period lead time for delivery. The supply quantity is stochastic and the demand is price-dependent. For the expedited inventory replenishment, we characterize the optimal policy as a state-dependent almost-threshold policy by extending the stochastically linear in mid-point to a multidimensional setting. To investigate the optimal regular inventory replenishment and pricing policy, we propose the notions of partially stochastic translation (PST) and increasing partially stochastic translation (IPST), which help in obtaining the antimultimodularity preservation in dynamic programming problems. We provide properties, sufficient conditions, and examples for PST and IPST functions. By applying PST and IPST, we obtain the antimultimodularity of the profit functions. The antimultimodular profit functions ensure that the optimal regular ordering quantity and the optimal price are monotone in the current inventory level and outstanding order quantities. Moreover, we reveal that as the time interval increases, the effects of previous outstanding orders on the optimal regular ordering and pricing decisions are decreasing and increasing, respectively. PST and IPST also enable us to further characterize the optimal expedited ordering quantity as decreasing in the inventory level. However, the optimal expedited ordering quantity can be non-monotone with respect to the outstanding order quantities, as shown in the example.

Intelligent transformation of manufacturers requires smart logistics transformation collaboration, which improves competitiveness. In this study, we construct a Stackelberg game model based on the mutual influence and restriction in the relationship between a manufacturer and a logistics service provider (LSP) undergoing smart logistics transformation. We investigate whether cost-sharing (CS) or revenue-sharing (RS) contracts can coordinate the supply chain and suggest a hybrid CS-RS contract to improve performance. We find that, compared with decentralized options, CS and RS contracts achieve a higher level of smart logistics transformation. While the coordination and effectiveness of CS contracts are superior to those of RS contracts, neither can fully coordinate the supply chain. The proposed hybrid CS-RS contract allows the manufacturer to share the LSPs costs before the transformation and its partial revenue after transformation, so that the LSP can reduce its service charge, thereby achieving full supply chain coordination. (c) 2021 China Science Publishing & Media Ltd. Publishing Services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co. Ltd.

The COVID-19 pandemic has driven increases in the provision of services through digital channels, even by more traditional companies. An Omnichannel model of service provision poses new management challenges for companies. This research reviews the literature on Omnichannel Management by companies whose clients are other companies (B2B) and classifies the different areas of research to date. The principal finding is that, despite considerable academic interest in Omnichannel management, there have been few studies of Omnichannel in the B2B field. This emphasizes a significant research gap to address. We have also outlined the Research Agenda to highlight future lines of research.

The issue of green logistics has received full attention from the government and business people. It is closely related to the increase in Green House Gas (GHG) by transportation activities in the logistics sector. Controlling fuel consumption in transportation activities is fundamental in dealing with GHG. Therefore, the Fuel Consumption Vehicle Routing Problem (FCVRP) is proposed as a solution model in optimizing fuel consumption in the logistics sector. This study aims to develop a Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization (HPSO) algorithm to solve the FCVRP problem. The proposed algorithm is the development of the PSO algorithm with local procedures search. Several experiments were carried out to determine the HPSO parameter's effect on minimizing fuel consumption in the FCVRP. The experiment results show that increasing the population and iteration parameters can produce minimum fuel consumption. Furthermore, the smaller the total fuel consumption produced when the kilometers per liter (KPL) high.

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) dominate the business world in Indonesia with a high Gross Domestic Product contribution. However, SMEs are unable to compete with large industries due to uncompetitive supply chains. The logistical-crossfunctional aspect of drivers is an aspect driving a competitive supply chain. This study aims to examine the effect of logistical-crossfunctional drivers on the competitive strategy of the supply chain for SMEs in Indonesia. The case study was conducted in SMEs scattered in East Java, Indonesia. The data analysis method used PLS-SEM. The results showed that the logistical-crossfunctional aspects of SME drivers have a significant effect on the supply chain competitive strategy. The implications of the research results are used to develop supply chain strategies for SMEs with a priority scale of logistical-crossfunctional drivers such as 1) facilities; 2) sourcing; 3) information; 4) transportation; 5) inventory; and 6) pricing.

Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) has many applications in real systems, especially in distribution and transportation. The optimal determination of vehicle routes impacts increasing economic interests. This research aims to find the optimal solution in Vehicle Routing Problem Pick-up and Delivery with Time Windows (VRPPDTW). Targets of this problem included reducing distance travel and penalties. Three penalties that were considered are a capacity penalty, opening time capacity, and closing time capacity. An improved genetic algorithm was developed and used to determine the vehicle route. There were one main depot and 42 customers. This research raised the problem of a shipping and logistics company. Analysis of the results showed that the proposed route obtained from improved genetic algorithms (GA) was better than the existing route and previous algorithm. Besides, this research was carried out an analysis on the effect of the number of iterations on distance traveled, the number of penalties, and the fitness value. This algorithm could be applied in VRPPDTW and produces an optimal solution.

Currently, logistics service providers experience a high increase in activity. It makes logistics service providers compete with each other in service quality. To be able to compete, logistics service providers need to measure customer perceptions on logistics service satisfaction. The results of measuring customer perceptions can be used to improve the quality of logistics services. This study attempted to measure customer perceptions of third-party logistics (3PL) service users by considering competitor performance factors. This study integrated the Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) method and the Competitive Zone of Tolerance based Importance Performance Analysis (CZIPA) method to measure customer perceptions and determine the priority attributes for improvement account competitors' performance factors. Based on the research, the CSI method was proven to measure customer perceptions of 3PL service users. CZIPA can determine the attributes that were prioritized for improvement based on the performance of competitors.

Vehicle routing problems and inventory problems need to be integrated in order to improve performance. This research discusses the determination of vehicle routes for product delivery with periodic delivery times that are released at any time depending on the inventory status. A mixed-integer linear programming model in determining periodic flexible visiting vehicles' route considering inventory is proposed to solve this problem. This model also accommodates time window constraints, retailer warehouse capacity. The search for solutions was carried out using the branch-and-bound method with the help of Lingo 18.0. The mathematical model testing result saves shipping costs and inventory costs. In addition, the developing mathematical model offers the flexibility of visiting depending on the inventory status of the consumer. The sensitivity analysis of the model results in the vehicle capacity influence the total cost and routes formed.

Nowadays, the industrial sector takes up a significant portion of the world's total energy consumption. This sector is responsible for half of the total energy consumed in the world. Therefore, efficiency in the industrial sector becomes an essential issue. One of the main factors triggering the high energy consumption in this sector is that many machines are left idle. Idle machines during the manufacturing process require electricity and other energies. This research aimed to develop a firefly algorithm that can minimize the energy consumption in the hybrid flow shop scheduling problem. This algorithm is used to determine the optimum order of the jobs. The ultimate goal is to minimize energy consumption. The experiment on the algorithm was conducted by employing iteration and population variations. The research results show that population and iteration affect the quality of the hybrid flow shop scheduling solution.

Choosing the best Material Handling Equipment (MHE) is an aspect that needs to be considered in the industrial sector because the amount of capital involved in the procurement process is very large. Many substantial factors influence the MHE selection process. One popular approach was chosen to resolve the MHE selection issue. The concept of Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) is popularly used because it can solve and handle conflicting components in the MHE selection process. This study proposes the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Multi-Objective Optimization on the Basis of Ratio Analysis (MOORA) procedures in MHE selection. AHP is proposed to weigh the MHE selection criteria. MOORA is proposed to compute the rankings of the MHE alternatives. Case studies are applied to this problem. The results show that the cost criterion gives the greatest weight in selecting MHE. Other than that, Of the five selected MHE alternatives, Hand Pallet Truck is the MHE that has the best rating.

Muslim dominates the total population in Indonesia. Islamic modern retail growth in Indonesia is predicted to increase since Muslims started to consider the religion aspects for their daily life. Nevertheless, there has not been much research on this matter. This study aims to investigate Islamic modern retail attributes for Muslim shoppers in Indonesia. Furthermore, this research will focus on the patronage intention of Muslim shoppers. A sample of 144 consumers of modern Islamic retail in Indonesia was collected. The data were collected through a questionnaire and analyzed using multiple linear regression. The results revealed that Islamic modern retail attributes, such as the Islamic store atmosphere and Islamic value, had a significant positive effect on Muslim shopper’s patronage intention. While other attributes, such as Muslim product, humanistic, and halal product certification, have no significant effect on Muslim shopper’s patronage intention. This study confirmed that each one-unit increase in independent variables, namely Muslim product, Islamic store atmosphere, humanistic, halal product certification, and Islamic value, respectively, will cause an increase in patronage intentions of 0.114, 0.238, 0.025, 0.044, and 0.263 unit.

Kamara Living merupakan suatu unit usaha yang bergerak dalam penjualan kebutuhan sehari-hari. Salah satu produk yang populer adalah sarung bantal. Sarung bantal yang ditawarkan memiliki beberapa desain motif dan jenis yang berbeda. Permintaan akan produk sarung bantal tidak menentu antara satu desain dengan desain yang lain. Ketika desain tertentu persediaannya habis, perusahaan akan menawarkan desain lain dari jenis kain yang sama. Jika konsumen tidak bersedia maka terjadi kehilangan penjualan. Ketika persediaan berlebih, perusahaan akan memberikan harga promosi untuk mendongkrak tingkat penjualannya. Jika ini dibiarkan terus-menerus, tentu saja perusahaan akan mengalami penurunan keuntungan. Pada makalah ini dikembangkan model persediaan dengan mempertimbangkan produk substitusi dengan permintaan sebagai fungsi harga yang bertujuan untuk meminimasi total biaya persediaan. Penyelesaian model yang dilakukan mampu menghasilkan solusi kuantitas pemesanan dan titik pemesanan yang optimal. Validasi model dilakukan dengan membandingkan hasil dari model yang dikembangkan terhadap kondisi riil. Selain itu juga dilakukan analisis sensitivitas terhadap parameter-parameter yang berpengaruh. Abstract [Product-s ubstitution Inventory Model with Demand depend on Price ] Kamara Living is a business unit engaged in selling daily stuff. One popular product is pillowcases. The pillow cover offered has several different motif designs and types. The demand for pillowcases is uncertain between one design and another. When a stockout occurs for a particular design, the company will offer another design of the same type of fabric. If consumers are not willing, there will be lost sales. When there is overstock, the company will provide promotional prices to increase sales levels. If this is allowed to continue, of course the company will experience a decline in profits. In this paper, an inventory model is developed by considering substitute products with demand as a price function that aims to minimize the total cost of inventory. Completion of the model carried out is able to produce optimal order quantity and order point solutions. Model validation is done by comparing the results of the models developed against real conditions. In addition, a sensitivity analysis was carried out on the influential parameters. Keywords : Inventory Models; Product Substitution; Demand Depend on Price

Pengembangan UMKM diperlukan, dengan cara penentuan strategi rantai pasok kompetitif. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan strategi rantai pasok UMKM yang kompetitif, dengan menganalisis kebaikan hasil prediksi, kemudian mengidentifikasi strategi kompetitif dari aspek fasilitas, inventori, transportasi (logistical drivers) dan dari aspek informasi, sourcing, pricing (crossfunctional drivers). Selanjutnya menganalis pengaruh tiap aspek tersebut terhadap strategi rantai pasok UMKM kompetitif. Desain penelitian menggunakan desain kuantitatif analitik, dengan data penelitian hasil survei dengan teknik purpose sampling, dan obyek studi kasus UMKM di Kabupaten Jombang Jawa Timur. Metode analisa data menggunakan Structural Equation Modelling-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). Hasil penelitian, bahwa kebaikan hasil prediksi berdasarkan evaluasi nilai R 2 dan Q 2 merupakan prediksi yang baik dan relevan untuk memprediksi. Selanjutnya hasil identifikasi strategi rantai pasok kompetitif dari aspek fasilitas, inventori, transportasi (logistical drivers) diketahui sekitar 30% sampai 40% UMKM yang memiliki arah strategi kompetitif. Kemudian dari aspek informasi, sourcing, pricing (crossfunctional drivers) diketahui sekitar 27%-33% UMKM dengan arah strategi kompetitif. Hasil analisis pengaruh aspek logistical-crossfunctional terhadap strategi rantai pasok UMKM yang kompetitif, disimpulkan semua aspek signifikan berpengaruh. Besarnya koefisien pengaruh terurut dari faktor fasilitas, sourcing, informasi, transportasi, inventori, dan pricing. Implementasi penelitian, dengan mengetahui jumlah UMKM belum kompetitif untuk selanjutnya agar dikembangkan, melalui penerapan prioritas urutan logistical-crossfunctional drivers. Abstract [Determining Competitive MSMEs Supply Chain Strategies Based on Logistical-Crossfunctional Drivers: A Case Study of MSMEs in Jombang Regency-East Java] The development of MSMEs are needed, by establishing a competitive supply chain strategy. This study aims to determine a competitive MSMEs supply chain strategy, by analyzing the goodness of the prediction, then identifying competitive strategies from the aspects of facilities, inventory, transportation (logistical drivers) and from the aspects of information, sourcing, pricing (cross-functional drivers). Furthermore, analyzing the influence of each of these aspects on the supply chain strategy of competitive MSMEs. The research design used a quantitative analytic design, with research data from the survey results using purposive sampling technique, and the object of the MSMEs case study in Jombang Regency, East Java. Methods of data analysis using Partial Least Square- Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results of the study, that the goodness of the prediction results based on evaluating the values of R 2 and Q 2 is a good prediction and relevant to predict. Furthermore, the results of the identification of competitive supply chain strategies from the aspects of facilities, inventory, transportation (logistical drivers) are known that about 30% to 40% of MSMEs have a competitive strategy direction. Then from the aspect of information, sourcing, pricing (crossfunctional drivers), are known that about 27% -33% of MSMEs with a competitive strategy direction. Based on the analysis of the influence of each aspect of the supply chain strategy of competitive MSMEs, it is concluded that all aspects of logistical-cross-functional drivers are significant. The magnitude of the ordered influence coefficient is from the facilities, sourcing, information, transportation, inventory, and pricing. Research implementation, by knowing the number of MSMEs are not yet competitive, so that they are further developed, through the application of priority sequences of logistical-crossfunctional drivers. Keywords : Crossfunctional Drivers ; Logistical Drivers; MSMEs Competitive Strategy; MSMEs Supply Chain; PLS-SEM

Monasteries of the Roman Catholic order of the Carmelites were well-represented in the historic cities of Volhynia (e.g. Berdychiv, Dubno, Vyshnivets, Kisilin, Lutsk, etc.). One of them was built in the Mali Dorohostai village, which currently is a part of the Mlyniv district in Rivne Oblast of Ukraine. This monastery, built in the mid-18th century, was closed in the 1830s, and then adapted by the Russian Tsar for the use of Orthodox Church. During the first World War, it was completely destroyed. The architecture of this monastery is almost forgotten in modern historiography. The recently discovered archival drawings from the first half of the 19th century give a good idea of the stylistic and structural characteristics of the no longer existing monastery.

Pabrik Tiga Bersaudara merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang industri makanan dengan produk berupa kikil sapi. Persaingan bisnis setiap tahunnya semakin kompetitif, berdasarkan data Badan Pusat Statistik menunjukkan bahwa persaingan bisnis pada komoditas daging sapi di Cianjur mengalami peningkatan. Persaingan tersebut memaksa perusahaan mencari berbagai alternatif untuk unggul. Peningkatan kualitas merupakan salah satu solusi agar dapat bersaing. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang decision rule untuk produksi kulit kikil sapi di pabrik Tiga Bersaudara. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara observasi dan wawancara, diperoleh 110 data proses produksi. Data diolah dengan metode decision tree menggunakan RapidMiner dan dilakukan perancangan decision rule. Berdasarkan analisis perancangan decision rule variabel yang perlu dipertimbangkan dalam mementukan kualitas kulit kikil sapi adalah temperatur air pemasakan, lama pemesanan, volume perendaman air 2 dan 3. Aturan keputusan yang terbentuk adalah jika temperatur pemasakan ≤ 95.75° C maka kita harus melihat data lamanya pemesanan bahan baku. Jika waktu pemesanan bahan baku ≤ 18,5 hari, hasilnya akan bagus. Anteseden ini memiliki konsekuensi terbaik yang menghasilkan prediksi benar 48,1% dengan tingkat kemurnian prediksi 100%. Abstract [Decision Rule Design On Beef Knuckle Production Using Decision tree Method In Tiga Bersaudara Factory] Tiga Bersaudara Factory is a company engaged in the food industry with beef knuckles product. Business competition is getting more competitive every year, based on data from the Central Bureau of Statistics, it shows that business competition for beef in Cianjur has increased. This competition forces companies to look for various alternatives to excel. Quality improvement is one solution in order to compete. This study aims to design a decision rule for the production of beef knuckles hides in the Tiga Bersaudara factory. Data collection was carried out by means of observation and interviews, obtained 110 production process data. The data is processed using a decision tree method using Rapid Miner and a decision rule is designed. Based on the analysis of the decision rule design, the variables that need to be considered in determining the quality of cow gravel hull are cooking water temperature, ordering time, water immersion volume 2 and 3.The decision rule that is formed is if the cooking temperature is ≤ 95.75 ° C then we must look at the data on the length of ordering the material. If the ordering time for raw materials is ≤ 18.5 days, the result will be good. This antecedent had the best consequence resulting in a true prediction of 48.1% with a predictive purity level of 100%. Keywords : Decision tree; Decision Rule; Quality; Beef Knuckle

The article maps multiple planet-oriented movements in the history of modern (predominantly western) architecture. It looks for architectural pronunciation of social movements, political actions and historical moments. In writings of acclaimed architects and authors, it searches for origins of organic, vernacular and tropical architecture and their offspring in the contemporary approaches, views and design. The article documents changes of perception of relation between man, nature and architecture. It commences with the very first attempts to understand this relationship: idealization and romanticisation of nature, it finishes with the most contemporary analyses based on the holistic approach and computer simulation. The article draws an extensive panorama of authors and publications that researched planted-oriented architecture.

Penelitian ini dilakukan di sebuah perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang packing plant. Proses pada packing plant tersebut tentunya tidak terlepas dari permasalahan pemborosan yang menjadi kendala saat pengepakan semen berlangsung. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi jenis-jenis pemborosan, mengidentifikasi akar penyebab pemborosan, mengeliminasi pemborosan dan memberikan usulan tindakan perbaikan dengan menerapkan Lean Six Sigma. Lean Six Sigma merupakan sebuah metode yang digunakan untuk mengeliminasi pemborosan yang terdapat pada lantai produksi serta mengidentifikasi penyebab kecacatan produk dengan pendekatan DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analysis, Control). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jenis pemborosan yang paling berpengaruh adalah defect product, waktu pengepakan yang melebihi batas toleransi (OTIFIC), antrian, unnecessary motion, over processing, transportasi dan penumpukkan. Akar penyebab terjadinya pemborosan adalah karena kurangnya keterampilan, kurang teliti dan kelelahan, kondisi peralatan mulai aus serta kurangnya pemeliharaan pada peralatan yang digunakan, SOP kerja yang kurang tepat dan mendetail, alur transportasi yang bolak-balik karena tata letak yang tidak tepat. Aktivitas yang merupakan pemborosan dan harus dieliminasi adalah saat operator packer kedua menghitung ulang jumlah bag. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan beberapa usulan perbaikan yakni dengan memperbaiki SOP kerja yang ada, menerapkan program 6S, membuat SOP 6S, melakukan pelatihan kerja, membuat standar kriteria khusus dalam proses perekrutan karyawan, membuat label atau tanda pada tiap tumpukkan bag, melakukan pemeliharaan secara rutin dan berkala, melakukan pengawasan terhadap kinerja karyawan serta membuat peraturan baru untuk mendisiplinkan karyawan. AbstractThis research was conducted in a company engaged in the packing plant. The process of packing plant is certainly not separated from the problem of waste that become an obstacle when packing cement in progress. The purpose of the study was to identify the types of waste, identify the root cause of waste, eliminate waste and provide proposed corrective action by implementing Lean Six Sigma. Lean Six Sigma is a method used to eliminate waste on the production floor and identify the cause of product defects with the approach of DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analysis, Control). The results showed the most influential types of waste are defect product, packing time exceeding the tolerance limit (OTIFIC), queuing, unnecessary motion over processing, transportation and stacking. The root cause of waste is due to lack of skills, less through and fatigue, equipment condition began to wear and lack of maintenance on the equipment used, work SOP that is less precise and detailed, the flow of transportation commute due to improper layout. Activity that is a waste and should be eliminated is when the second packer operator recalculates the number of bags. From the research results obtained several proposed improvements namely by improving the existing work SOP, implementing the program 6S, creating SOP 6S, conducting work training, creating special criteria standards in the recruitment process, creating labels or marks in each bag, conduct regular and periodic maintenance, supervise the performance of employees and make new regulations to discipline employees.Keywords: DMAIC; Lean Six Sigma; Product Quality; Waste

After the Great War, one of the most challenging obstacles of the newly recreated Polish state was to ensure residential space for the group of citizens most vulnerable to exclusion. Labourers indeed required an inexpensive and modest habitations maintaining modern sanitary standards. Such facilities were underrepresented in Poland at that time. Mostly overpriced and unsanitary flats were offered in 19th-century housing. Also new housing, although with all modern amenities, did not provide flats with parameters that could meet the expectations of the least wealthy of labourers. In such circumstances, at the end of 1934, a new state-owned company was created – the Society of Workers’ Housing Estate (Towarzystwo Osiedli Robotniczych). Its aim was to build and grant loans for the construction of residential areas with flats meeting the needs of the lower-class labourers. Despite the difficulties, up to 1939, thousands of new flats were built under the Society’s initiative. All these investments exemplify a successful and far-reaching social policy of Second Polish Republic that made residential crisis manageable.

The global pandemic of COVID-19, which enforced strict isolation, demonstrated the responsibility of architects and planners for public health promotion. While the concept of therapeutic landscapes is rather new, the quest for designing health-promoting human environment is at least as old as urban planning. The garden suburbs of Ebenezer Howard and Patrick Geddes were planned to promote health and well-being. The ultimate goal of Le Corbusier was to provide daylight and fresh air to each apartment. However, towers in open green space, which were built according to his visions, turned into unfriendly large suburbs. Today, the definition of therapeutic landscapes encompasses not only physical aspects of environment but also social and psychological factors. This study focuses on attempts to create health-promoting places. The interesting question is what are the architectural features linked to health promotion? Although the individual perception of health-promoting places is subjective and may vary, there are some objective qualities of eco-neighbourhoods that are conducive to human health and longevity. This study combines literature review with field observation and resultes in the development of the conceptual framework which can be consolidated into the universal standards for health-promoting places.

El presente trabajo busca analizar las herramientas informáticas usadas en una auditoría forense en las cooperativas de ahorro y crédito del sector financiero de la ciudad de Ibagué, Colombia, partiendo de identificar las herramientas utilizadas en una auditoria forense, y de establecer la percepción de los funcionarios de entidades cooperativas acerca de los fraudes en las cooperativas de ahorro y crédito del sector financiero, y luego proponer a partir del empleo de estas herramientas informáticas, soluciones para la prevención de delitos contra el orden económico social. En el desarrollo del manuscrito se utilizó el método deductivo, puesto que el proyecto parte de situaciones generales que llegan a explicar situaciones particulares contenidas explícitamente en la situación general. Si bien se presume que las herramientas informáticas en la era digital son aliadas fundamentales en el control organizacional, en las entidades consultadas se observan bajos niveles de apropiación tecnológica en el área de control y aseguramiento del riesgo, lo que evidencia fisuras en la actualización tecnológica, la dimensión de desarrollo organizacional de los directivos y en la construcción del ideario regional sobre los peligros a los que se exponen las entidades que tienen carencias tecnológicas.

Few physical models of oral and laryngeal systems for human speech movement exist for computer or mechanical simulators. In particular, a robot tongue mechanism that fully reproduces the deformation motion of the human tongue is lacking. The human tongue is an aggregate of muscles that is devoid of a skeleton. It possesses only a small hyoid. A mechanism that can drive and control the deformation of a soft body, such as the human tongue, along multiple degrees of freedom has not been realized to date. To solve this problem, a wire-pulling mechanism with embedded soft tubes is proposed. Using this mechanism, a flexible tongue that can be deformed along multiple degrees of freedom without breaking the wire is achieved. A prototype planar mechanism with two degrees of freedom that is capable of contraction and bending was fabricated. A deformation model that assumes a piecewise constant curvature (PCC) was formulated. Deformation tests confirmed that the prototype is capable of contraction and bending movements that are consistent with those of the model. Variations in the error with respect to the hardness of the deformable part are discussed, and the limits of the deformation model based on the PCC assumption are presented.

A Demonstração de Valor Adicionado (DVA) tem como finalidade, evidenciar como é formada e distribuída a riqueza das entidades por meio das demonstrações financeiras das empresas, possibilitando identificar o retorno econômico para a sociedade em que está inserida. Seguindo a linha de pesquisa, buscou-se enfatizar a relevância da informação contábil e como esta riqueza é distribuída para a sociedade como um todo, tendo como objetivo analisar a distribuição da riqueza gerada pelas entidades dos diversos setores da economia brasileira no biênio 2017 e 2018, inseridos no contexto do agronegócio. A metodologia adotada: pesquisa bibliográfica e documental com abordagem descritiva quantitativa. A amostra teve como base as empresas mencionadas na Revista Exame Maiores e Melhores de Agosto de 2018, no setor de Agronegócio. Delimitou-se o critério de análise de dados em pesquisar as empresas listadas na B3 do setor. Conclui-se nesta análise realizada nos anos e no segmento escolhido, que os quatro subsetores de (i) máquinas e equipamentos agrícolas, (ii) óleos, farinhas e conservas; (iii) carne bovina e, (iv) têxtil. Destinaram para pessoal e encargos uma média de 43,95% do total de riquezas geradas no biênio. Já para o setor de (v) algodão e grãos, o maior percentual de distribuição ficou para o Governo como pagamento de impostos, taxas e contribuições, que recebeu 33,79% do total médio distribuído no período. E o sexto e último setor de (vi) madeira e celulose, destinou 54,93% para o financiamento externo – Remuneração Capital de Terceiros.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo realizar uma breve análise sobre os aspectos relacionados à personalidade humana, assim como os direitos relativos à personalidade estabelecidos na legislação pátria, e sua relação com a evolução da sociedade, abrangendo as características da personalidade, especialmente as relacionadas ao nome social e à identidade de gênero, sob o enfoque da simbiose do ser humano e da tecnologia. Foram fontes da pesquisa materiais didáticos, como livros, decisões dos tribunais brasileiros, publicações, artigos, entendimentos doutrinários e legislação em vigor.

Probabilistic localization based on Bayesian theory has been researched as a sensor fusion method to improve the robustness of localization. Pieces of position information, generated by sensors’ observation models with consideration for noises, are fused according to Bayesian theory. However, having large noises not considered in their observation models, the sensors output erroneous position information; thus, the fusion result has a significant error, even when the other sensors output correct ones. In this research, we have proposed a sensor fusion system with a relative correlation checking test to realize robust localization. Pieces of erroneous position information, biased against others and having a negative correlation with others, are detected and excluded in our proposed system by checking their correlation between all of them. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the robustness of our fusion system by conducting recursive localization experiments in various environments.

Integrated inventory management coordinates all party's replenishment policies to provide optimal benefits. Many models have been developed, but none of them have considered capital and warehouse constraints comprehensively. It may cause the model which cannot be applied, since it has exceeded the capacity. This study developed an integrated inventory model that consisted of one vendor, multi-buyer, and one type of item. The main objective was to minimize the joint total expected cost by considering warehouse, capital, and service level constraint. The optimal formula was constructed by using the Lagrange multipliers method. The results showed that with an increment in holding cost, the vendor tends to reduce lot size to minimize joint total expected cost. It is vice versa to the increment in set up cost. An increment in buyer service level can increase lot size and reduce order frequency. The buyer capacity is essential to determine its capability to apply the optimal replenishment policy.

O artigo teve por objetivo geral analisar os Relatos Integrados da Vale Mineração S.A., que compreendem o triênio próximo ao desastre de Brumadinho, MG, para a identificação da existência de dissemelhanças relevantes quanto à apresentação dos documentos para os períodos de 2017, 2018 e 2019. Buscou ainda averiguar omissão ou obscuridade nas informações prestadas comparativamente aos elementos componentes dos anos anteriores ao desastre. O Relato Integrado - RI é um relatório voltado à transparência ao ser composto por seis capitais, elaborado seguindo as diretrizes do GRI-Global Reporting Initiative. Muitos países já adotaram o RI e o Brasil conta com grandes corporações. A metodologia se realizou pela pesquisa descritiva explicativa, em busca de relações existentes e do conhecimento acerca da natureza dessas relações com a presença de análise de conteúdo e averiguação comparativa entre os documentos do período investigado. Foi possível constatar que o desastre ocorrido impactou a estrutura e a forma de apresentação dos documentos; este impacto pode ser visto com caráter benéfico, quanto à postura ética em prol de maior transparência ao elaborar os relatos de 2017, 2018 e 2019 com clareza acerca dos fatos ocorridos. A contribuição da seguinte pesquisa é fortalecer a atuação do Relato Integrado no país mediante a publicação constante feita pela Vale S.A. e pelo fato de que os documentos evidenciam e tratam claramente da tragédia ocorrida.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to study the Manufacturers pallet-loading problem (MPLP), by loading identical small boxes onto a rectangle pallet to maximise the pallet utilization percentage while reducing the Complexity of loading.Design/methodology/approach: In this research a Block approach is proposed using a Mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model that generates layouts of an improved structure, which is very effective due to its properties in grouping boxes in a certain orientation along the X and Y axis. Also, a novel complexity index is introduced to compare the complexity for different pallet loading, which have the same pallet size but different box arrangements.Findings: The proposed algorithm has been tested against available data-sets in literature and the complexity measure and graphical layout results clearly demonstrate the superiority of the proposed approach compared with literature Manufacturers pallet-loading problem layouts.Originality/value: This study aids real life manufactures operations when less complex operations are essential to reduce the complexity of pallet loading.

Este artigo aborda o objetivo primário de uma organização, que, de forma geral, é determinar circunstâncias favoráveis de mercado e usar seus recursos para que o valor seja criado para clientes e acionistas. O marketing pode determinar essas circunstâncias favoráveis, e a gestão financeira pode assegurar um uso efetivo dos recursos organizacionais. Dessa forma, a interface entre as escolhas estratégicas de marketing e a sua influência nas estratégias financeiras justifica o aprofundamento do estudo desta relação. O objetivo geral deste artigo foi identificar os resultados da execução da interface entre as áreas de marketing e finanças em uma empresa da cadeia de suprimentos automotiva no Brasil. O tipo de pesquisa adotada neste estudo foi exploratório e descritivo, e a estratégia de investigação foi o estudo de caso único. Neste sentido, esta pesquisa analisou os principais processos de negócios em que ocorre a interface destas duas áreas, e estabeleceu correlações entre as premissas da interface marketing-finanças apresentadas na literatura acadêmica internacional, com práticas apresentadas no mercado nacional. É possível concluir, portanto, as empresas que possuem uma interface robusta entre marketing e finanças tendem a apresentar melhor performance. O presente estudo contribui no avanço do conhecimento da área, ao suportar o entendimento de como a interface entre marketing e finanças pode impulsionar ou deteriorar a performance financeira das organizações.

Currently, the use of logistics service providers in companies has become a decision chosen by several companies. Companies use Third Party Logistics (3PL) to focus more on other essential activities in the company. Evaluating the performance of a 3PL provider is an essential process in determining performance of a 3PL provider. A wrong evaluation process could lead to company’s loss. The main objective of this study was to propose a 3PL performance appraisal procedure. This study integrated the Rough method Step-wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) and the Complex Proportional Assessment Method (COPRAS) to assess the performance of 3PL providers. The SWARA Rough method was used to assess the ranking of the criteria. The results of the Rough SWARA ranking were utilized by the COPRAS method to assess supplier performance. A case study was conducted in an animal feed production company in Indonesia. The results showed that there were criteria for product safety; on-time delivery, responsiveness, and flexibility with the greatest weight among the 16 criteria used.

Perusahaan pembangkit energi dikenal dengan operasi bisnisnya yang menimbulkan dampak negatif sosial dan lingkungan yang cukup massif. Oleh karena itu perusahaan perlu melaksanakan tindakan mitigasi untuk mereduksi dampak negatif tersebut melalui program CSR. Efektivitas program CSR penting dievaluasi untuk mengetahui apakah dapat menghadirkan dampak sosial-lingkungan positif secara signifikan atau tidak. Salah satu metode evaluasi dampak yang populer digunakan oleh lembaga non-profit di berbagai negara adalah metode Social Return on Investment (SROI). Namun masih sedikit penelitian empiris yang dilakukan untuk memberikan bukti implementasi metode ini dalam konteks evaluasi program CSR. Untuk itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisi kesenjangan yang ada dengan memberikan bukti empiris implementatif dan modifikasi kecil pada metode SROI untuk evaluasi CSR. Lebih lanjut penelitian ini juga memberikan kontribusi praktikal dengan menyediakan gambaran bagi perusahaan pembangkit energi untuk dapat mengukur efektivitas program CSR menggunakan metode SROI. Hasil pengukuran dapat menjadi dasar optimasi program CSR perusahaan. Dalam studi kasus Perusahaan Pembangkit Energi “Y”, hasil perhitungan SROI menunjukkan bahwa program CSR yang dilakukan “cukup efektif” dengan total dampak positif yang ditimbulkan sebesar Rp. 2,69 untuk tiap rupiah yang diinvestasikan. Namun, Perusahaan “Y” cenderung banyak melakukan aktivitas yang berdampak sosial dan minim aktivitas yang berdampak positif terhadap lingkungan. Abstrak [A Study of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Program Effectiveness: A Case Study in Energy Company “Y”] Energy companies are known for their massive impacts on the social and environmental condition. Hence, they must conduct mitigation actions for reducing the negative impacts through CSR programs. A continuous evaluation of CSR programs effectiveness is crucial to understand whether they can bring significant social-environmental returns or not. One of the most popular methods of impact evaluation utilized by non-profit organizations is Social Return on Investment (SROI). However, only a few empirical research provides evidence for the implementation of this method in the context of CSR program evaluation. Therefore, this research aims to address this hiatus by giving empirical evidence on SROI implementation and incremental modification for CSR evaluation. Furthermore, this research also provides practical contributions by depicting how an energy company can measure its CSR program utilizing SROI. The measurement result can be used as guidance for optimizing the company’s CSR program. In our case study of Power Generator Company “Y”, the SROI calculation shows that the CSR program is “effective” with a total return Rp 2.69 for each rupiah invested. However, Company “Y” tend to conduct more activities for social return, rather than activities for environmental return. Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility; Environmental Impact; Effectiveness; Social Impact; SROI

Purpose: The actual market characteristic oriented toward customers’ requirements compels decision-makers to foresee customization abilities. Mass customization represents a valuable approach to combine customizable offers with mass production processes. From a supply chain standpoint, this paper attempts to develop an integrated procurement, production and distribution modeling to describe the generated framework structure formulation within tactical decision planning level.Design/methodology/approach: The paper provides a mixed integer linear programming model of a three echelon supply chain illustrated from the automotive industry with (a) customers: Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) identified as leaders and (b) first-tier supplier: wiring harnesses manufacturer (c) second-tier supplier: raw material supplier, identified as followers. The model formulation is depicted through dyadic relationships between stakeholders considering the specific operation enablers of the environment such as make to order, modular approach in addition to the corresponding inventory management policy.Findings: The integrated model is solved by an exact method which illustrates the feasibility of the formulation in addition to the observance of the applied constraints. A sensitivity analysis is performed to highlight the interdependency across some key parameters to provide managerial insights within the studied framework while keeping the optimal solvability of the model.Research limitations/implications: The limitation of this study is the computational experiment study. An extensive experiment with a real-word case will outline the optimal solvability status of the exact method and the necessity for a performance benchmark through the approximate solving approaches.Originality/value: The present research aims to contribute as first studies toward mathematical modeling for supply chain decision planning endeavor operating within mass customization business model.