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Objective: to develop a draft of a federal law aimed at regulating relations arising in the field of use (application), acquisition, sale, development, production, testing, installation, maintenance, repair, disposal, accounting, storage, transportation, withdrawal, and destruction of robots and their components (modules), importing robots and their components (modules) to the Russian Federation and exporting them from the Russian Federation.Methods: the methodological basis of the draft federal law consists of general and specific scientific methods of scientific cognition, including analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, classification, analogy and comparison. Results: the first draft law on robotics in the Russian Federation - the draft federal law “On the turnover of robots and their components (modules)” - has been proposed to the attention of representatives of law-making bodies, government agencies, scientific and business community, and public organizations.Scientific novelty: the draft law forms the legal basis and principles of legal regulation of relations in the sphere of turnover of robots and their components (modules), describes the types and classes of danger of robots, stipulates the restrictions imposed on robots and their components (modules), defines the general and special requirements for them, establishes the basis for state registration and accounting of entities engaged in the sphere of turnover of robots and their components (modules), introduces the criteria for acquiring the status of a subject, the procedure for publishing and maintaining the state cadastre of robot models and their components (modules), and the guarantees provided to legal entities and individual entrepreneurs - the subjects engaged in certain types of activities in the sphere of turnover of robots and their components (modules), and proposes the measures of their state support.Practical significance: the draft law is based on a systematic and comprehensive approach to the legal regulation of robotics and is aimed at creating a regulatory environment providing a favorable legal regime for the robotics development and for the implementation of economic activities related to its use.