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Lavender, widely cultivated in the Mediterranean region, produces essential oil known for its significant biological activities and is a key component of the perfume industry due to its high levels of Linalool and Linalyl acetate, along with low Camphor content, which contributes to its high cost. However, the market is plagued by adulterated lavender oil, often mixed with cheaper alternatives such as eucalyptus and rosemary. Current detection methods, primarily gas chromatography, are expensive, time‐consuming and often fail to detect low levels of adulteration. To address these limitations, this study examines the use of mid‐infrared spectroscopy for the detection and prediction of adulteration levels. A set of 105 samples, comprising pure lavender oil and adulterated lavender oil, was prepared in the laboratory. Principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical clustering ascending (HCA) and K‐means clustering were applied to the FT‐MIR results for qualitative analysis to effectively discriminate between authentic and adulterated essential oils. For quantitative analysis, partial least squares regression (PLSR) was used to develop accurate calibration models for predicting the percentage of adulteration. The results from PCA, HCA and K‐means demonstrated the efficacy of these techniques in detecting adulteration, even at low levels (2%). Calibration models were developed using the PLSR method with different spectral preprocessing techniques to predict the percentage of adulteration, with results indicating that models generated on the raw data and those using MSC (multiplicative signal correction) pre‐processing are optimal. In addition, the use of interval‐partial least squares (IPLS) variable selection techniques (Forward, Backward) improved the predictive accuracy of the models developed by reducing the number of wavelengths used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Otitis externa (OE) is one of the most frequently diagnosed dermatological diseases in dogs, having a multifactorial aetiology. Among the bacterial agents associated with canine OE, Pseudomonas aeruginosa is of special concern owing to its frequent multidrug resistance profile and ability to form biofilms related to the infection's chronicity and recurrence. Objectives: The main objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the antibiofilm activity of two innovative antimicrobials—an otological gel containing a synthetic antimicrobial peptide and Lavandula angustifolia essential oil—with gentamicin (a conventional antibiotic) using biofilm‐producing P. aeruginosa isolates obtained from dogs with OE. Materials and Methods: The biofilm eradication capacity of gentamicin, otological gel and lavender oil was determined against a collection of 12 P. aeruginosa biofilm‐producers among 35 clinical isolates obtained from the ear canals of dogs with OE. Also, the antimicrobial activity of the otological gel against P. aeruginosa biofilms was assessed in an in vitro model of dog cerumen. Results: Lavender oil showed the best effectiveness after 30 min of contact, eradicating 58.3% (seven of 12) of the isolates, and gentamicin showed full eradication (12 of 12) after 24 h. The otological gel acted more slowly than the lavender oil; yet at 24 h, the antibiofilm capacity of both compounds was similar, with no significant difference between them. It also was found that triglycerides from synthetic cerumen earwax had antipseudomonal activity and, when combined with the otological gel, led to the full eradication of P. aeruginosa. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: The results of this in vitro study indicate that lavender oil and the otological gel may be effective topical treatments for canine OE promoted by P. aeruginosa biofilm‐producers, as alternatives to gentamicin. Background – Otitis externa (OE) is one of the most frequently diagnosed dermatological diseases in dogs, having a multifactorial aetiology. Among the bacterial agents associated with canine OE, Pseudomonas aeruginosa is of special concern owing to its frequent multidrug resistance profile and ability to form biofilms related to the infection's chronicity and recurrence. Objectives – The main objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the antibiofilm activity of two innovative antimicrobials—an otological gel containing a synthetic antimicrobial peptide and Lavandula angustifolia essential oil—with gentamicin (a conventional antibiotic) using biofilm‐producing P. aeruginosa isolates obtained from dogs with OE. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance – The results of this in vitro study indicate that lavender oil and the otological gel may be effective topical treatments for canine OE promoted by P. aeruginosa biofilm‐producers, as alternatives to gentamicin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrospinning technology has demonstrated extensive applications in biomedical engineering, energy storage, and environmental remediation. However, its utilization in the cosmetic industry remains relatively underexplored. To address the challenges associated with skin damage caused by preservatives and thickeners used for extending the shelf life of conventional products, a soothing lavender-scented electrospun fibrous eye mask with coaxial layers was developed using the electrospinning technique. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) served as the hydrophilic outer sheath, while polycaprolactone (PCL) constituted the hydrophobic core, with lavender oil (LO) encapsulated within. The structural and physicochemical properties of the samples were characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and contact angle measurements. Upon hydration, the fibrous membrane exhibited strong adhesion properties, notable antioxidant activity, and a degree of antibacterial efficacy, demonstrating its potential for safe and effective use in skincare and eye mask applications. These findings suggest that the developed electrospun material offers promising functional properties and functional properties for integration into cosmetic formulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focused on the formulation, electron beam (e-beam) crosslinking, and characterisation of hydrogels enriched with lavender oil (LO) to enhance their structural and functional properties for biomedical applications. Stable hydrogels were synthesised using water-soluble polymers and suitable ratios of Tween 80 and Isopropyl alcohol (IPA) as surfactant and co-surfactant, respectively, via e-beam irradiation at doses up to 70 kGy. The most effective crosslinking was achieved with a radiation dose of 30 kGy, depending on the concentrations of surfactants and LO. LO-enriched hydrogels exhibited enhanced superabsorbent swelling (7700% to 18,000%) and faster equilibrium rates than the control hydrogel. Structural analysis revealed a flexible spongiform porous architecture with larger mesh sizes (156 nm to 246 nm) and adequate elastic moduli (130 to 308 Pa). Degradation tests aligned with swelling data, demonstrating a degradation rate of 12% after 35 days, indicating an appropriate balance of stability and degradation. These findings suggest that e-beam technology, in conjunction with LO and surfactant addition, can effectively tailor hydrogel properties for biomedical applications, making them promising candidates for further research in wound care, drug delivery systems, and other biological applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fact that the concept of quality in health care services has come to the fore and that evidence-based practices have become widespread made such concepts as patient satisfaction and comfort important and priority parameters in determining the quality of health services. The aim of the study is to determine the effects of using lavender oil in intramuscular injection on injection pain, comfort level, blood pressure, pulse rate and respiratory rate. The study was designed as a prospective, single-blind randomized controlled trial. The research was conducted in accordance with the CONSORT Checklist guide. In our study, a total of 160 individuals were included in the sample, 80 of whom were control and 80 were intervention. Structured Information Form, Visual Analog Scale and Comfort Scale were used to collect the data of the research. Mann Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis test and Wilcoxon test were used to evaluate the data. It was determined that the mean pain scores of the individuals who received intramuscular injection by applying lavender oil were statistically significantly lower than the individuals in the control group. Again, the comfort score averages of the individuals who were applied lavender oil were found to be statistically significantly higher than the control group. It was determined that the blood pressure, pulse rate and respiratory rate before the injection of the individuals in the control group increased statistically significantly according to the post-injection measurements, while the blood pressure, pulse rate and respiratory rate in the lavender oil group decreased significantly after the injection and remained within their normal values. As a result, it was determined that the application of lavender oil in intramuscular injection had a positive and significant effect on the blood pressure, pulse rate and respiratory rate of the individuals on the injection pain and comfort level. • The fact that the concept of quality in health care services has come to the fore and that evidence-based practices have become widespread made such concepts as patient satisfaction and comfort important and priority parameters in determining the quality of health services. • In our research article all health professionals', especially nurses', awareness of the effectiveness of different methods in reducing pain and increasing comfort during IM injection should be raised. • As a result, it can be said that the application of lavender oil in IM injection has a positive and significant effect on the blood pressure, pulse rate, respiratory rate, injection pain, and comfort level of individuals. Lavender increases inhibitory neurons containing gamma amino butyric acid (GABA), reduces external sensory stimuli and provides analgesic effect. In this study, it was determined that lavender oil is quite effective in terms of vital signs, pain control and increasing patient comfort in intramuscular injection. This research suggests that intense pain at the injection site, which is one of the complications of IM injection, is significantly reduced by the use of lavender oil. The use of lavender oil in IM injection application increases the comfort levels of individuals. Again, the use of lavender oil has positive results on the vital signs of individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Objective: The postpartum period is often accompanied by significant pain which affects maternal well-being and care of newborns. With an increasing interest in natural and safe alternatives to conventional pain management strategies, this study was performed with the aim to evaluate the efficacy of ginger extract and lavender oil capsules in managing postpartum pain. Materials & Methods: This single-blind, randomized clinical trial study was conducted at Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Iraq in 2023-2024. Ninety postpartum women were allocated to receive either ginger extract (250 mg per capsule) or lavender oil (100 μL per capsule) capsules orally (n=45 in each group). Pain was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at baseline and one-hour post-intervention, with follow-up over the first 24 hours post-delivery. The changes in pain scores, maternal satisfaction, and the incidence of side effects were compared between the two groups. Results: Both ginger extract and lavender oil capsules significantly reduced postpartum pain scores compared to baseline (P<0.001), with the lavender oil group experiencing a marginally greater reduction (from 6.1 ± 1.2 to 2.8 ± 1.0) compared to the ginger extract group (from 6.2 ± 1.3 to 3.4 ± 1.1) (P=0.035). Side effects were minimal and not significantly different between the two groups (P=0.29). Maternal satisfaction was significantly higher in the lavender oil group (91%) compared to the ginger extract group (82%) (P=0.044). Conclusion: Orally administered ginger extract and lavender oil capsules are effective in reducing postpartum pain, with lavender oil showing marginally higher efficacy and greater maternal satisfaction. These findings support the integration of these natural remedies into postpartum care, offering safe and effective alternatives for pain management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate how aromatherapy with the inhalation of lavender oil affects fatigue and sleep quality in patients with hematological malignancies undergoing chemotherapy. Methods: This randomized, parallel-group study was carried out in the Adult Bone Marrow Transplant unit and Hematology-Oncology clinics between January 2022 and April 2023. A total of 120 patients were assigned to experimental and control groups by randomization. The study was completed with 100 patients including 50 in the experimental group and 50 in the control group. Lavender essential oil was applied to the experimental group for 20 min prior to going to bed every night for 5 consecutive days. Physiological saline solution was applied to the control group in the same way. A Participant Information Form, the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire, and the Piper Fatigue Scale were used as data collection tools. Results: The experimental group showed a significantly higher sleep quality (p = 0.001) and had a significantly lower PFS scores (p = 0.001) compared to the control group. Also, the mean scores of the experimental group on the Behavioral, Sensory, and Cognitive subscales were statistically significantly lower than the scores of the control group (p < 0.05). Variables of lavender aromatherapy and total sleep quality accounted for 17.1% of the variance in fatigue levels (R2 = 0.171). Conclusions: Consequently, it was determined that aromatherapy with lavender essential oil significantly alleviated fatigue and lowered PFS total and subscale scores in patients with hematological malignancies undergoing chemotherapy. Also, sleep quality significantly enhanced in the overall PFS and its subscales. Trial registration. NCT05808296. Date of Registration: 30 March 2023. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective(s): This study aimed to investigate the potential effects of different doses of Lavender angustifolia essential oil (Lavender EO) administered by inhalation on sleep latency and neuromodulators regulating the sleep/wake cycle in rats with total sleep deprivation (TSD). Materials and Methods: Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups: Control, Alprazolam (ALP, 0.25 mg/kg given intraperitoneally), L1 (Lavender EO, 0.3 ml given by inhalation), L2 (Lavender EO, 0.5 ml given by inhalation), and L3 (Lavender EO, 1 ml given by inhalation); TSD was applied to all groups. Rats in SD groups were kept on a platform surrounded by water for 18 hr for 20 days, and for the remaining time, the animals were exposed to Lavender EO for 1 hr (11:00-12:00) and then were kept in their home cage for 5 hr (12:00-17:00). Their brain and brainstem were removed for histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses (c-Fos, ChAT, GAD, and ADRB2 expression) in the locus coeruleus (LC), basal forebrain (BF), and preoptic area (PO). Results: The groups ranked by the severity of edema, hyperemia, and neurodegeneration in LC, BF, and PO areas were control, L3, L1, L2, and ALP. c-Fos expression significantly decreased in all brain regions in all groups except the L1 group. ChAT and GAD expressions increased dramatically in all brain regions. ADRB2 significantly increased in LC in ALP and L2 groups; in the PO area in ALP, L1, and L2 groups; and in BF in all groups. Conclusion: Lavender EO treatment ameliorated c-Fos, ChAT, GAD, and ADRB2 expression, similar to the effect of ALP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aim: The evidence shows that prehypertension is related to an increased risk of cardiovascular complications. This study aims to determine the effect of lavender inhalation aromatherapy on systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP & DBP) in people with prehypertension in Isfahan. Methods & Materials: This two-group quasi-experimental study was conducted in 2023, involving 70 prehypertensive patients selected from comprehensive health service centers in Isfahan. Participants were selected through convenience sampling and were randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group. The intervention included inhalation aromatherapy using two drops of 100% pure lavender essential oil for 20 minutes in a single session. Blood pressure measurements were taken before, immediately after, and 10 and 20 minutes post-intervention under standardized conditions. The control group received routine health center training. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 26, employing descriptive and inferential statistics, including repeated measures analysis of variance (RMA) and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), with a significance level set at 0.05. Results: The results of the RMA indicated a significant interaction between time and group for both SBP (P

Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of an essential oil from the fresh flowering tops of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. (lavender oil) when used as a sensory additive in feed and in water for drinking for all animal species. The EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) concluded that the additive under assessment is considered safe up to the maximum proposed use levels in complete feed of 30 mg/kg for dogs and ornamental fish. For the other target species, the calculated safe concentrations were 9 mg/kg for chickens for fattening, 13 mg/kg for laying hens, 12 mg/kg for turkeys for fattening, 19 mg/kg for pigs for fattening, 16 mg/kg for piglets, 23 mg/kg for sows, 39 mg/kg for veal calves (milk replacer) and salmonids, 35 mg/kg for cattle for fattening, sheep/goats and horses, 22 mg/kg for dairy cows, 14 mg/kg for rabbits and 7 mg/kg for cats. These conclusions were extrapolated to other physiologically related species. For any other species, the additive is safe at 7 mg/kg complete feed. The use of lavender oil in water for drinking was considered safe provided that the total daily intake does not exceed the daily amount considered safe when consumed via feed. The use of lavender oil in animal feed under the proposed conditions of use is safe for the consumer and the environment. Regarding user safety, the essential oil under assessment should be considered as an irritant to skin and eyes and as a dermal and respiratory sensitiser. Since the oil of the flowering tops of L. angustifolia is recognised to flavour food and its function in feed would be essentially the same as that in food, no further demonstration of efficacy was considered necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aim: The evidence shows that prehypertension is related to an increased risk of cardiovascular complications. This study aims to determine the effect of lavender inhalation aromatherapy on systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP & DBP) in people with prehypertension in Isfahan. Methods & Materials: This two-group quasi-experimental study was conducted in 2023, involving 70 prehypertensive patients selected from comprehensive health service centers in Isfahan. Participants were selected through convenience sampling and were randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group. The intervention included inhalation aromatherapy using two drops of 100% pure lavender essential oil for 20 minutes in a single session. Blood pressure measurements were taken before, immediately after, and 10 and 20 minutes postintervention under standardized conditions. The control group received routine health center training. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 26, employing descriptive and inferential statistics, including repeated measures analysis of variance (RMA) and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), with a significance level set at 0.05. Results: The results of the RMA indicated a significant interaction between time and group for both SBP (P<0.001) and DBP (P<0.001). Also, the intergroup effect for SBP was significant (P<0.001), demonstrating that the intervention group experienced a significantly greater reduction in average SBP compared to the control group. Intra-group analysis revealed a significant decrease in SBP before and after aromatherapy in the intervention group (P<0.001). In contrast, the control group did not show a significant change (P=0.068). Unlike SBP, the intergroup analysis for DBP did not yield significant results (P=0.141). Conclusion: Considering the rising trend of high blood pressure and its widespread complications, along with the positive effects of aromatherapy as a cost-effective and accessible intervention, lavender inhalation aromatherapy is recommended as a complementary treatment strategy in conjunction with other methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the enantiomeric composition and possibilities of analysis of 1-octen-3-yl acetate (OcAc), a chiral compound found in various samples of lavender essential oils (EOs). Essential oils are complex mixtures exhibiting diverse biological activities and are often subject to sophisticated adulteration methods, necessitating advanced analytical techniques for authenticity verification. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and chiral gas chromatography, the analysis of lavender EOs samples determines the presence and enantiomeric ratios of OcAc. The results showed significant variations in the oils; however, there were minimal differences in enantiomeric purity among samples sourced from France, Bulgaria, and Slovakia. Major components such as linalool and linalyl acetate were predominant. The high enantiomeric purity of OcAc observed across all samples indicated there was no adulteration by synthetic products. The study underscores the importance of rigorous analytical methods to ensure the quality and authenticity of EOs, highlighting the influence of geographical origin on their chemical composition. These findings provided valuable insights into the factors affecting the authenticity and possible therapeutic efficacy of lavender essential oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Postpartum mothers often face discomforts such as back pain, uterine cramps, fatigue, and perineal pain. Perineal pain after an episiotomy can significantly impact daily activities, maternal quality of life, and the mother-infant relationship. Effective management is crucial to decrease the perineal pain. Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of lavender oil on relieving perineal pain in postpartum mothers. Methods: A pre-experimental design with a pretest-posttest format was used. Participants, selected through purposive sampling, were assessed for pain intensity using a Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) from 0 to 10. Bivariate analysis was conducted using the Wilcoxon test to assess changes in pain levels before and after the intervention. Results: The significance level was found to be 0.004 (p < 0.05), indicating a statistically significant reduction in pain intensity. Conclusion: Lavender oil aromatherapy effectively reduces perineal pain in postpartum mothers. Although the study lacked a control group, lavender oil was found to be a safe and effective treatment, with no reported side effects.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of long-term use of silexan in patients with a wide range of anxiety disorders. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted on 50 patients diagnosed with various anxiety disorders who were prescribed silexan. The primary outcomes measured included the resolution of anxiety symptoms, changes in Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scores, and Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement (CGI-I) scores. The duration of silexan use and any reported adverse events were also recorded. Results: Silexan effectively resolved anxiety symptoms in 35 patients, with 24 out of 25 patients who received silexan for more than 12 weeks showing significant improvement. Median GAD-7 and CGI-I scores decreased significantly (p<0.001). By the end of the follow-up period, 46% of patients had minimal anxiety and 24% had mild anxiety. No adverse events were reported during the study period. Conclusions: Long-term use of silexan is feasible, safe, and effective in managing a wide range of anxiety disorders in real-world clinical settings. KEY POINTS: While silexan has shown promising results in the treatment of anxiety disorders in various clinical trials, there is a significant gap in our understanding of its effects in long-term use. The present study supports the long-term use of silexan as a safe and effective alternative or adjunct to conventional anxiolytics. Using silexan as an alternative or adjunct to traditional anxiolytics may provide additional treatment options, potentially reducing the burden of these prevalent and disabling conditions. Silexan may be an appropriate choice for patients seeking natural or complementary treatments for anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A long-term feeding trial (90 days) was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with lavender oil (LO) on the growth performance, innate immunity, antioxidant status, and histomorphometry of different organs of juvenile European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Four groups in triplicate were fed increasing levels of LO (0, 1, 2, and 3 kg−1 diet, expressed as F0, F1, F2, and F3, respectively). Fish weighing 76.87 ± 0.14 g/fish were stocked in 1000-L tanks at an initial stocking density of 25 fish. The results revealed that growth performance and feed utilization indices were significantly improved in the LO-treated groups compared to the control, with the highest values in favor of the F2 group. According to the polynomial second-order regression, the optimal dietary level of LO averaged 2.15–2.24 g/kg diet. Whole body protein and digestive enzyme activities were increased with increasing LO supplementation levels up to 2 mL kg−1. Fish-fed F2 diet exhibited a significant decrease in serum liver function enzymes. A considerable increase in total protein, albumin, and total immunoglobulin was reported in LO-supplemented groups over the control. Dietary LO significantly modulated antioxidant status by increasing antioxidant enzyme activities and decreasing malondialdehyde levels. Microscopic investigation of the gills, liver, and mid-intestine revealed that LO-treated fish had healthier histological features, with normal gill lamella and hepatocytes, and a positive effect of LO on intestinal villi length and goblet cell count. The LO could be used as a dietary supplement in the diet of seabass at the recommended level of 2 g kg−1 to improve growth, feed conversion, physiological status, and organ histomorphometry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the present study is to examine the efficacy of lavender oil (Lavandula angustifolia) by establishing the time needed for induction and recovery from anesthesia of two year old common carp (Cyprinus carpio, Linnaeus 1758). The fish have an average body weight (BW, kg) of 1.38±0.26 kg and an average total length (TL, cm) of 43.58±3.42 cm. Eight treatments are conducted with eight experimental concentrations: 0.08 ml/l-1, 0.10 ml/l-1, 0.12 ml/l-1, 0.14 ml/l-1, 0.16 ml/l-1, 0.18 ml/l-1, 0.20 ml/l-1 and 0.30 ml/l-1. For each concentration, 10 fish (five treatments with two fish) are used, a total of 80 fish for the whole experiment. Based on the results it can be concluded that at concentration of 0.30 ml/l-1 the induction of anesthesia is the fastest (2.10±0.36 min), thus the recovery time at this concentration is the longest (5.01±0.62 min) with significant difference (P≤0.05). The lowest concentration 0.08 ml/l has no anesthetic effect on two-year old carp, the fish only reach phase 2 of uncoordinated movements. From all tested concentrations the recovery time is the shortest at concentration 0.10 ml/l-1 – 2.61±0.42 min (P≤0.001). During the experiment, it has been established that lavender oil at concentration 0.30 ml/l-1 is most effective as anesthetic agent for two-year old common carp, which makes itl applicable in the fish farming practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In order to build learning environments that support both academic and psychological growth, it is important to recognize and manage social anxiety, a problem that is frequently experienced by first-year students in educational settings. Objective: The aim of this study is to assess effectiveness of lavender oil on social anxiety among first-year college students. Methods: A quasi-experimental research design was employed. The 100 samples selected using the non-probability purposive selection strategy. The instrument has two sections: demographic information and the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale. Results: The results reveal that in the pretest, 70 (70%) had no anxiety, 12 (12%) had mild anxiety, and 18 (18%) had moderate anxiety, while in the post-test, 85 (85%) had no anxiety, 13 (13%) had mild anxiety, and 2 (2%) had moderate anxiety among first-year students. Students had a mean anxiety score of 37.90 ± 8.59 before and 21.53 ± 5.79 after the test. The mean difference score was 16.37, while the mean difference percentage was 41%. The estimated paired “t”-test result of t = 16.209 was found to be statistically significant at P < 0.001. This demonstrates that the lavender oil on social anxiety administered to students was effective in lowering anxiety levels during the post-test. Conclusion: Lavender oil is a promising natural treatment for social anxiety, providing a simple and accessible option with little side effects.

Abstract Gels loaded with nanocarriers offer interesting ways to create novel therapeutic approaches by fusing the benefits of gel and nanotechnology. Clinical studies indicate that lavender oil (Lav-O) has a positive impact on accelerating wound healing properly based on its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects. Initially Lav-O loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (Lav-SLN) were prepared incorporating cholesterol and lecithin natural lipids and prepared SLNs were characterized. Next, a 3% SLN containing topical gel (Lav-SLN-G) was formulated using Carbopol 940. Both Lav-SLN and Lav-SLN-G were assessed in terms antibacterial effects against S. aureus. Lav-SLNs revealed a particle size of 19.24 nm, zeta potential of -21.6 mv and EE% of 75.46%. Formulated topical gel presented an acceptable pH and texture properties. Minimum Inhibitory/Bactericidal Concentration (MIC/MBC) against S. aureus for LAv-O, Lav-SLN and Lav-SLN-G were 0.12 and 0.24 mgml− 1, 0.05 and 0.19 mgml− 1 and 0.045, 0.09 mgml− 1, respectively. Therefore, SLN can be considered as an antimicrobial potentiating nano-carrier for delivery of Lav-O as an antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agent in topical gel.

Gels loaded with nanocarriers offer interesting ways to create novel therapeutic approaches by fusing the benefits of gel and nanotechnology. Clinical studies indicate that lavender oil (Lav-O) has a positive impact on accelerating wound healing properly based on its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects. Initially Lav-O loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (Lav-SLN) were prepared incorporating cholesterol and lecithin natural lipids and prepared SLNs were characterized. Next, a 3% SLN containing topical gel (Lav-SLN-G) was formulated using Carbopol 940. Both Lav-SLN and Lav-SLN-G were assessed in terms antibacterial effects against S. aureus. Lav-SLNs revealed a particle size of 19.24 nm, zeta potential of -21.6 mv and EE% of 75.46%. Formulated topical gel presented an acceptable pH and texture properties. Minimum Inhibitory/Bactericidal Concentration (MIC/MBC) against S. aureus for LAv-O, Lav-SLN and Lav-SLN-G were 0.12 and 0.24 mgml− 1, 0.05 and 0.19 mgml− 1 and 0.045, 0.09 mgml− 1, respectively. Therefore, SLN can be considered as an antimicrobial potentiating nano-carrier for delivery of Lav-O as an antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agent in topical gel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surgical interventions are known to induce anxiety in patients due to the associated risks and potential complications. Various methods are employed to alleviate preoperative anxiety. This study aimed to investigate the impact of lavender oil application on the anxiety levels of patients scheduled for surgical procedures. Systematic review and meta-analysis. Studies were accessed using the keywords "preoperative and lavender oil and stress" in Turkish and English between July 1 and 30, 2022, through PubMed (including MEDLINE), Cochrane, EBSCOhost, Web of Science, YÖK National Thesis Center, and Google Scholar. The standardized mean difference was calculated using random-effects models, and the Cochrane Collaboration tool was used to assess the risk of bias in each study. The study was prepared according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis checklist. Twenty studies were included in the analysis. The anxiety level of the experimental group to which lavender oil was applied before the surgical intervention was significantly lower than that of the control group (standardized mean difference:−5.40; 95% CI: −8.76 to −2.04). Preoperative lavender oil application was found to be an effective method for relieving patients' anxiety. Lavender oil is thought to be a potential standalone treatment for preoperative anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Traditional Medical Complementary Therapies is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Recent research has sparked a discussion over the best ways to treat young children with caries in their primary dentition. When children usually fear injections and the dental environment, there is a need to ensure that they have a smooth dental experience. Therefore the study aims to differentiate the effect of aromatherapy and conscious sedation in reducing dental anxiety among children undergoing extraction. This randomized clinical trial was conducted in a private dental college for patients who visit the Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry in Chennai. The study population was 6-9 years old children and 30 of them were divided randomly into aromatherapy and conscious sedation groups. A Venham picture scale was employed to assess dental anxiety and a digital pulse oximeter for pulse and oxygen saturation. A sphygmomanometer was used to assess the blood pressure. All the parameters were assessed before and after the extraction. SPSS version 23.0 was used for statistical analysis of the data in which independent and paired t-tests were done to assess the distribution of difference in the parameters. The mean age of the aromatherapy and conscious sedation group were 7.93 土1.033 and 7.20 土1.612 respectively. In both groups, pulse and anxiety levels were significantly reduced post-extraction. Also post-extraction, oxygen levels were significantly higher in conscious sedation groups. Both aromatherapy and conscious sedation were effective ways to reduce anxiety and heart rate in children undergoing dental procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wound management is a key feature in saving people's lives, and regardless of the wound size, using appropriate wound dressing is crucial. Alginate-based topical gels loaded with 2 mL essential oils (eucalyptus, lavender and rosemary oil) in combination with 30 mg magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles and 70 mg tranexamic acid were prepared. Carbopol was used as a gelling agent and as a surfactant to disperse the EO. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) confirmed the successful formation of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed the absence of a chemical interaction between the iron nanoparticles, tranexamic acid, essential oils and the gel matrix. The gel formulations displayed pH, spreadability and viscosity in the range of 6.8–7.2, 5.4–10.1 cm and viscosity (3444–1260 cp) after 120 s, respectively. The in vitro wound healing studies of the wound dressings revealed a wound closure of 99% on day 3. Their antibacterial and blood clotting potential was significant compared to the control. The wound healing capability of these formulations makes them potential wound dressings for treating bleeding and infected wounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Polimery is the property of Industrial Chemistry Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

PURPOSE To establish the scientific directions of lavender oil research and its therapeutic use. METHODS An analysis was made of the available methodological literature in the medical database PubMed related to Lavender oil. Known empirical therapeutic uses of lavender oil are Relaxation and stress relief. Lavender oil is known for its calming properties, which can help promote relaxation and reduce stress and anxiety; Pain relief: Lavender oil has analgesic properties, which means it can help relieve pain. Skincare: Lavender oil has antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties, which can help soothe and heal minor skin irritations like acne, insect bites, and minor burns; Respiratory support: Digestive health: Lavender oil may also help support digestive health by reducing inflammation in the gut and promoting healthy digestion. RESULTS 501 scientific studies with Lavender oil were found in the medical database PubMed. This publication analyzes the directions of scientific studies. CONCLUSIONS Lavender oil is a popular essential oil that has been used for centuries for its therapeutic properties. A significant part of scientific research is aimed at proving empirically known therapeutic applications.

Abstract Background Lavender oil (LO) possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antifungal, antibacterial, sedative, cardio-protective, and antinociceptive properties. Thrombosis and inflammation are interplayed processes that interact and influence one another. Our research compared three routes of administration to assess the efficacy of pretreatment with LO on carrageenan-induced thrombosis in rat tail. Materials and methods Wistar-Bratislava white rats were randomly divided into five groups of ten rats each and pretreated 3 consecutive days prior the inducement of thrombosis to with one dose of LO (150 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)): per os by gavage (TLOPO group), intraperitoneal (TIPLO group) and subcutaneous (TSCLO group). We also have a control (C, received saline solution 0.9% and DMSO (vehicle) 1 ml intraperitoneal (i.p.)) group and a group with thrombosis (T group, received saline solution 0.9% plus vehicle 1 ml i.p.). Histopathological examinations were conducted together with measurements of the circulating levels of three oxidative stress markers, antioxidant effect (TAC and THIOL), and three proinflammatory cytokines (TNF- α, RANTES, and MCP-1). Results When administered intraperitoneally, lavender oil has the best efficacy on circulating levels of oxidative stress parameters (MDA, NOx, TOS), one oxidative stress marker (THIOL), and all studied proinflammatory cytokines (p-values

Previous studies show that Lavandula angustifolia (lavender) and Eugenia caryophyllata (clove) essential oils can help relieve dental pain. Clove oil and lavender oil were tested as topical anesthetics in this study on rabbits, and their effects and likely mechanisms of action were analyzed. Clove oil and lavender oil were extracted by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-setup apparatus. Topically applying lidocaine, clove oil, or lavender oil topically all significantly reduced corneal sensitivity. The sensitivity of the cornea was successfully reduced by treatments consisting of lidocaine at a concentration of 0.5%, 25 µg of clove oil, and 50 µg of lavender oil. When clove oil is applied topically to the cornea, it produces effects similar to those of a local anesthetic due to the involvement of the cholinergic system. To achieve the desired effect of producing local anesthesia in the cornea of the rabbit, lidocaine, clove oil, and lavender oil were applied topically to the animal. A noticeable local anesthetic effect was produced when sub-anesthetic doses of lidocaine were combined with sub-anesthetic doses of lavender or clove oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most essential physical prerequisites for human survival is sleep. Patients undergoing hemodialysis often experience a lack of sleep, and it is one of the decisive variables in dialysis patients' quality of life. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of inhaling lavender essential oil on sleep quality in hemodialysis patients. A total of 30 patients were enrolled in the before-and-after intervention trial, which took place in a tertiary care hospital's dialysis unit. The study participants were selected using the purposive sampling technique and they received lavender oil inhalation therapy. The sleep quality was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The mean age of the participants was 55.11 (SD = 8.45) years. The mean posttherapy Pittsburgh Global Sleep Quality Index score was 8.8 ± 1.89 compared with the pretherapy score of 14.73 ± 1.53. Patients undergoing hemodialysis experienced a substantial improvement in sleep quality (P < .05). Aromatherapy using lavender oil is effective in enhancing sleep quality in hemodialysis patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lavender oil is a potential natural source of raw material for the pharmaceutical industry. It has many beneficial effects on the body - antioxidant, antimicrobial, antitumor, antimycotic, soothing, anti-inflammatory, insecticidal, etc. Its application is promising in the future, in view of the development of resistance of most pathogens to conventional drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Essential oils are responsible for many pharmacological actions and have their specific fragrance. The volatile nature of essential oil showed the effective result in the repellent actions against the mosquitoes, flies or insects. Essential oil being derived from the natural sources, but sometimes becomes the reason for allergic reactions so their toxicity evaluation is very important factor for safety reasons. The emulgel prepared using the different essential oil combinations like lavender and ylang-ylang oil was further evaluated for its dermal toxicity. Under the experimental conditions that were utilized, the cutaneous dose of emulgel formulation (2000 mg/kg) that did not induce any biochemical, haematological, anatomical, or histological signs of toxicity can be considered the no-observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies show that Lavandula angustifolia (lavender) and Eugenia caryophyllata (clove) essential oils can help relieve dental pain. Clove oil and lavender oil were tested as topical anesthetics in this study on rabbits, and their effects and likely mechanisms of action were analyzed. Clove oil and lavender oil were extracted by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-setup apparatus. Topically applying lidocaine, clove oil, or lavender oil topically all significantly reduced corneal sensitivity. The sensitivity of the cornea was successfully reduced by treatments consisting of lidocaine at a concentration of 0.5%, 25 μg of clove oil, and 50 μg of lavender oil. When clove oil is applied topically to the cornea, it produces effects similar to those of a local anesthetic due to the involvement of the cholinergic system. To achieve the desired effect of producing local anesthesia in the cornea of the rabbit, lidocaine, clove oil, and lavender oil were applied topically to the animal. A noticeable local anesthetic effect was produced when sub-anesthetic doses of lidocaine were combined with sub-anesthetic doses of lavender or clove oil.

Simple Summary: This study aimed to investigate lavender essential oil aromatherapy as a calming phytoextract to improve the welfare of fattening Italian heavy pigs (intended for Parma ham production) and its possible effects on pig meat. Three pig groups were formed: one raised in commercial conditions, one receiving lavender oil inhalation administration once a day and one receiving lavender oil twice a day. We observed no effects of lavender on carcass or blood stress indicators, and only minor effects on meat quality, not affecting the subsequent dry curing processing. No residues were found in lean or fat tissue. With respect to welfare, animals treated once a day showed less severe tail lesions (indicating a lower level of frustration and damaging behaviors) compared to the other groups. Unexpectedly, animals treated twice a day showed a more severe degree of lesions on the body compared to the other groups (possibly indicating increased agonistic behaviors). Although from these conflicting results it was not possible to conclude on the ability of the product to improve the level of animal welfare, further studies are needed to investigate the potential effects on pig behavior and the optimization (frequency and modality) of the administration of vaporized lavender essential oil. We assessed the effects of inhalation administration of lavender essential oil (LEO) either once (L1) or twice (L2) a day on animal welfare indicators, carcass and meat quality of Italian heavy pigs. Pigs (n = 108) were allotted to three experimental groups (control -C-, L1 and L2) and lavender was administered, via a vaporizer device, to the treated groups during the entire fattening–finishing period (79–160 kg BW). Tail lesion severity was reduced in L1 at the end of the trial compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). Body lesion counts, however, were higher in L2 than in C (p < 0.05), resulting in a more severe overall damage classification (p < 0.01). At slaughter, no differences were observed in carcass traits or blood stress indicators, only minor differences were observed in meat quality, and no LEO residual was found in fat or lean tissues, highlighting the preserved suitability of thighs for the dry curing process. While it was not possible to conclude on the ability to improve animal welfare of vaporized LEO in this production phase, the absence of adverse effects on meat quality and the discrepancies observed regarding the body lesions in L1 and L2 make further studies on behavioral aspects and the method of administration (route, frequency) of the product desirable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lavender oil (LO) possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antifungal, antibacterial, sedative, cardio-protective, and antinociceptive properties. Thrombosis and inflammation are interplayed processes that interact and influence one another. Our research compared three routes of administration to assess the efficacy of pretreatment with LO on carrageenan-induced thrombosis in rat tail. Materials and methods: Wistar-Bratislava white rats were randomly divided into five groups of ten rats each and pretreated 3 consecutive days prior the inducement of thrombosis to with one dose of LO (150 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)): per os by gavage (TLOPO group), intraperitoneal (TIPLO group) and subcutaneous (TSCLO group). We also have a control (C, received saline solution 0.9% and DMSO (vehicle) 1 ml intraperitoneal (i.p.)) group and a group with thrombosis (T group, received saline solution 0.9% plus vehicle 1 ml i.p.). Histopathological examinations were conducted together with measurements of the circulating levels of three oxidative stress markers, antioxidant effect (TAC and THIOL), and three proinflammatory cytokines (TNF- α, RANTES, and MCP-1). Results: When administered intraperitoneally, lavender oil has the best efficacy on circulating levels of oxidative stress parameters (MDA, NOx, TOS), one oxidative stress marker (THIOL), and all studied proinflammatory cytokines (p-values < 0.02). Moreover, TIPLO displayed the closest values for bleeding and clotting time to the C group, as well as the lowest length of the thrombus than the T, TPOLO, and TSCLO groups (p-values < 0.001). The TIPLO group has histological appearance comparable to the C group, with the exception of the presence of oedema. Conclusions: Lavender oil pretreatment with intraperitoneal administration as three days, one-dose per day, showed anti-inflammatory and antioxidant efficacy in experimentally induced thrombosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Candida strains have been frequently associated with nosocomial infections in recent years. On the other hand, the public prefers natural resources rather than synthetic materials. Therefore, it is essential to research the combined effects of natural products. This study aimed to investigate the antifungal and antibiofilm effectiveness of essential oils and propoliscontaining samples on Candida species and the toxicity of samples. Materials-Methods: Three different samples were prepared with propolis, lavender oil, and thyme oil. Gas Chromatography-mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) GC/MS was used to determine organic compounds in samples. The antifungal effects of a natural product mix were tested against C. albicans, C. krusei, and C. parapsilosis by disk diffusion method. MIC and MFC tests of the mixture were performed against a standard such as Nystatin. Antibiofilm tests were performed with the microplate system, taking into account the detected concentrations, and finally, the cytotoxicity test was investigated in the L929 cell line with the WST-1 kit. Results: C. albicans was determined as the most sensitive species (MIC50: 90 ppm, MIC90: 750 ppm MFC: 3120 ppm). In the antibiofilm tests, it was determined that the sample was more effective on C. albicans, and it inhibited biofilm formation. Also, it was determined that the IC50 value was 5052 ppm. Conclusion: The natural product mixture, which has a scientifically proven antifungal effect, has a feature that has high added value and contributes to the economy. However, of course, it has to investigate by further studies. The findings of this study may lead to new therapeutic approaches with standardized natural products in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the administration convenience, transmucosal buccal drug delivery allows special strength points over peroral routes for systemic delivery. It could achieve local or systemic effect and boost drugs’ bioavailability for agents with first pass metabolism. The current study aimed to manufacture and optimize a lavender oil–based nanoemulsion loaded with zaleplon and incorporate it into fast-disintegrating tablets to promote its dissolution and oral bioavailability via oral mucosa. Zaleplon-loaded nanoemulsions were devised with various levels of lavender oil (10% to 25%), the surfactant Sorbeth-20 (35% to 65%), and the co-surfactant HCO-60 (20% to 40%); the extreme vertices mixture statistical design was adopted. The droplet size and drug-loading efficiency were the evaluated. The optimal formulation was transformed into self-nanoemulsified lyophilized tablets (ZP-LV-SNELTs), which were tested for their uniformity of content, friability, and disintegration time with in-vitro release. Finally, the pharmacokinetic parameters of the ZP-LV-SNELTs were determined and compared with those of marketed formulations. The optimal nanoemulsion had a droplet size of 87 nm and drug-loading capacity of 185 mg/mL. ZP-LV-SNELTs exhibited acceptable friability and weight uniformity and a short disintegration time. The in-vitro release of ZP-LV-SNELTs was 17 times faster than that of the marketed tablet. Moreover, the optimal ZP-LV-SNELTs increased the bioavailability of zaleplon in rabbits by 1.6-fold compared with the commercial tablets. Hence, this investigation revealed that ZP-LV-SNELTs delivered zaleplon with enhanced solubility, a fast release, and boosted bioavailability thru oral mucosa which provided a favorable route for drug administration which is suggested to be clinically investigated in future studies

PURPOSE To establish the scientific directions of lavender oil research and its therapeutic use. METHODS An analysis was made of the available methodological literature in the medical database PubMed related to Lavender oil. Known empirical therapeutic uses of lavender oil are Relaxation and stress relief. Lavender oil is known for its calming properties, which can help promote relaxation and reduce stress and anxiety; Pain relief: Lavender oil has analgesic properties, which means it can help relieve pain. Skincare: Lavender oil has antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties, which can help soothe and heal minor skin irritations like acne, insect bites, and minor burns; Respiratory support: Digestive health: Lavender oil may also help support digestive health by reducing inflammation in the gut and promoting healthy digestion. RESULTS 501 scientific studies with Lavender oil were found in the medical database PubMed. This publication analyzes the directions of scientific studies. CONCLUSIONS Lavender oil is a popular essential oil that has been used for centuries for its therapeutic properties. A significant part of scientific research is aimed at proving empirically known therapeutic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: People are treating their neuropathic pain with several approved and licensed pharmacological drugs. But due to having existing limitations like low efficacy with some side effects, there needs to be a more effective alternative and complementary therapeutic options. Purpose: s: The study was designed to discuss the mechanistic role of several clinically proven natural products that have been shown to play a significant role against different nerve pain or neuropathic pain. Method: ology: Information for this review article was salvaged using several accessible searching databases like SciVerse Scopus ® (Elsevier Properties S. A, USA), Web of Science® (Thomson Reuters, USA), and PubMed® (U.S. National Library of Medicine, USA) considering some search items like - nerve pain, natural products in pain/nerve pain management, clinically proven natural products in pain management, pain-reducing agents and so on. Result: Our study reported the therapeutic efficacy of natural products and their possible mechanism against neuropathic pain in the human body. Natural products widely used to treat neuropathic pain include comfrey root extract ointment, lavender oil, Rose Oil, aromatic essential oil, ginger oil, vitex agnus-castus, peganum oil, and ajwain 10%. Some common pathways are involved in pain relief through sensory stimulation, enzymatic, anti-inflammatory, and pain-related receptor regulation. Conclusion: The present study suggests that the mentioned natural products can be an appropriate choice for the treatment and management of neuropathic pain.

Objectives: Many patients experience anxiety during MRI examinations. However, little attention has been focused on decreasing patient anxiety and minimizing on-site cancellations. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of aromatherapy and music therapy on alleviating anxiety during MRI examinations. Methods: This single-center, double-blinded, randomized control trial was conducted between November 1, 2021, and January 10, 2022. Patients undergoing MRI examinations were assigned randomly into either the aromatherapy group (AG), music therapy group (MG), aromatherapy plus music therapy group (AMTG), or routine care group (RG) at a ratio of 1:1:1:1. Aromatherapy was conducted through inhalation of lavender oil. Music therapy was performed using Pachelbel's Canon in D major. The primary outcome was the change in anxiety before and after the MRI scan, assessed using both the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory form 1 (STAI-1) and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS). The second outcome was the participant's comfort, measured using Kolcaba's General Comfort Questionnaire (GCQ). Results: A total of 200 participants (mean age: 48.3 ± 14.9 years; 126 [63.0%] females) were enrolled, with 50 per group. The mean anxiety scores of the AMTG showed greater reduction compared with the AG, MG, and RG (ΔSTAI-1: 6.5 vs 2.6 vs 2.7 vs 1.9, p < 0.001; ΔSAS: 4.0 vs 1.4 vs 1.7 vs 0.6, p < 0.001). The mean GCQ score of the AMTG was higher compared with the AG, MG, and RG (98.0 vs 92.6 vs 91.2 vs 89.2, respectively, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Aromatherapy combined with music therapy is effective for reducing patients' anxiety and improving their comfort level during MRI scans. Key Points: • In this randomized control trial of 200 participants undergoing MRI scans, aromatherapy plus music therapy is effective in reducing STAI-1 and SAS, as well as improving GCQ scores. • Although there was a significant difference between the aromatherapy plus music therapy and the single-intervention modalities, no significant differences were observed between the aromatherapy and music therapy themselves for state anxiety and comfort score. • Aromatherapy plus music therapy is a safe, non-invasive, nonpharmacological, and inexpensive patient-centered intervention for reducing anxiety and improving comfort in adults undergoing MRI examinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context • Although a number of studies have shown that lavender administered via inhalation can decrease the invasive pain and anxiety experienced by hemodialysis (HD) patients during cannulation, the evaluation has mostly been on the short-term effectiveness of lavender oil. Also, no study has evaluated the effects of lavender on comfort level. Objective • The study aimed to investigate the long-term effectiveness of lavender oil, when administered via an inhaler during HD sessions, on a patient’s experience of invasive pain, anxiety, and comfort during access to the fistula. Design • The research team designed a prospective, single-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Setting • The study took place in an HD unit of a public hospital in Kirklareli, Turkey. Participants • Participants were 24 patients receiving HD in the unit between January and March 2021. Intervention • Participants were randomly assigned to the intervention or control group. Pure lavender essence was diluted with sweet almond oil at a ratio of 1:10. Before the cannulation procedure at 12 HD sessions, three drops of a 1:10 mixture were placed on sterile gauze and held at a distance of about 10 cm from the participant’s nose to ensure its inhalation before the fistula puncture with the needle. No extra procedure was performed for the control group. Outcome Measures • Participants completed a visual analogue scale (VAS) right after puncture of the fistula during each HD session. The STAI and HD Comfort Scale were scored at baseline prior to the first HD session and postintervention at the twelfth HD session. Results • The VAS (P < .001) and state anxiety scores (P = .027) were significantly lower in the intervention group than in the control group at all time points, except at baseline. The comfort scale in the intervention group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < .05) Conclusions • Lavender aromatherapy could be a good option for reducing the pain, anxiety, and discomfort level of HD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Polimery is the property of Industrial Chemistry Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Essential oils (EOs) have recently attracted more interest due to their insecticidal activities, low harmfulness, and rapid degradation in the environment. Therefore, Lavandula steochas (L. steochas) essential oil was assessed for its chemical constituents, in vitro cytotoxicity, and scolicidal, acaricidal, and insecticidal activities. Using spectrometry and gas chromatography, the components of L. steochas EOs were detected. Additionally, different oil concentrations were tested for their anticancer activities when applied to human embryonic kidney cells (HEK-293 cells) and the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. The oil's scolicidal activity against protoscolices of hydatid cysts was evaluated at various concentrations and exposure times. The oil's adulticidal, larvicidal, and repelling effects on R. annulatus ticks were also investigated at various concentrations, ranging from 0.625 to 10%. Likewise, the larvicidal and pupicidal activities of L. steochas against Musca domestica were estimated at different concentrations. The analyses of L. steochas oil identified camphor as the predominant compound (58.38%). L. steochas oil showed significant cytotoxicity against cancer cells. All of the tested oil concentrations demonstrated significant scolicidal activities against the protoscoleces of hydatid cysts. L. steochas EO (essential oil) showed 100% adulticidal activity against R. annulatus at a 10% concentration with an LC50 of 2.34%, whereas the larvicidal activity was 86.67% and the LC50 was 9.11%. On the other hand, the oil showed no repellent activity against this tick's larva. Furthermore, L. steochas EO achieved 100% larvicidal and pupicidal effects against M. domestica at a 10% concentration with LC50 values of 1.79% and 1.51%, respectively. In conclusion, the current work suggests that L. steochas EO could serve as a potential source of scolicidal, acaricidal, insecticidal, and anticancer agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lipid nanocapsules (LNCs) are promising for transdermal drug delivery due to their higher permeability-enhancing effects compared to polymeric nanoparticles. Lavender oil is an essential oil consisting of several terpenes (primarily linalool and linalyl acetate) known for their profound permeation-enhancing action. In the present work, we successfully encapsulated asenapine maleate (a second-generation antipsychotic that is highly metabolized by the liver, reducing its oral bioavailability) into biocompatible LNCs for transdermal application using a novel oily phase, i.e., lavender oil (LO-LNCs). A comparative study was conducted to determine the effects of different oily phases (i.e., Miglyol® 812, Labrafil® M1944CS, and Labrafac™ PG) on the LNCs. Surfactant types (Kolliphor® HS15, Kolliphor® EL and Tween80) and oil:surfactant ratios were studied. Blank and asenapine-loaded LNCs were optimized for particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, drug content and ex vivo skin permeation. Lavender oil and Labrafil® showed smaller vesicular sizes, while LO-LNCs increased the permeation of ASP across rat skin. In vivo pharmacokinetics revealed that LO-LNCs could increase the ASP Cmax via transdermal application by fourfold compared to oral suspension. They increased the bioavailability of ASP by up to 52% and provided sustained release for three days. The pharmacokinetic profile of the LO-LNCs was compared to ASP-loaded invasomes (discussed in a previous study) to emphasize LNCs' transdermal delivery behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]