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Introduction: Impaired cognition is a core feature of schizophrenia that is evident early in the first episode and is frequently accompanied by compromised physical health. Although physical health confers benefits to cognition, it remains unclear whether physical activity, body mass index (BMI) and cardiorespiratory fitness are associated with neurocognition in first episode schizophrenia patients. The purpose of this study was to examine differences in stimulus categorization and motor response selection processes between first-episode schizophrenia patients compared to age-matched controls and explore associations between physical health and these stages of information processing. Methods: Fourteen young adult patients receiving care following a first episode of psychosis and a matched sample of nonpsychiatric controls completed a visual oddball task from which the P3 and LRP (lateralized readiness potential) event-related potential (ERP) components were extracted to assess stimulus categorization and response selection processes, respectively. Physical activity, aerobic fitness, and BMI were correlated with ERP measures. Results: Compared with controls, patients had lower physical activity levels and longer P3 and LRP latencies. Regardless of stimulus probability, patients had reduced accuracy and slower reaction times relative to controls. In patients, marginal associations were found between physical activity and P3 difference waveform amplitude, and BMI was negatively associated with parent P3 waveform amplitude. Discussion: The present findings suggest that cognitive impairment in first-episode schizophrenia spans both stimulus- and response-related stages of information processing, and may be targeted through physical activity interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated motor preparation and action-consequence prediction using the lateralized readiness potential (LRP). Motor impairments are common in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which commonly co-occur. Alterations in predictive processes may impact motor planning. Whether motor planning deficits are characteristic of ASD broadly or magnified in the context of co-morbid ADHD is unclear. ASD children with (ASD + ADHD; n = 12) and without (ASD − ADHD; n = 9) comorbid ADHD and typical controls (n = 29) performed voluntary motor actions that either did or did not result in auditory consequences. ASD − ADHD children demonstrated LRP enhancement when their action produced an effect while ASD + ADHD children had attenuated responses regardless of action-effect pairings. Findings suggest influence of ADHD comorbidity on motor preparation and prediction in ASD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)–evoked potentials (TEPs) allow for probing cortical functions in health and pathology. However, there is uncertainty whether long-latency TMS-evoked potentials reflect functioning of the targeted cortical area. It has been suggested that components such as the TMS-evoked N100 are stereotypical and related to nonspecific sensory processes rather than transcranial effects of the changing magnetic field. In contrast, TEPs that vary according to the targeted brain region and are systematically lateralized toward the stimulated hemisphere can be considered to reflect activity in the stimulated brain region resulting from transcranial electromagnetic induction. Methods: TMS with concurrent 64-channel electroencephalography (EEG) was sequentially performed in homologous areas of both hemispheres. One sample of healthy adults received TMS to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; another sample received TMS to the temporo-occipital cortex. We analyzed late negative TEP deflections corresponding to the N100 component in motor cortex stimulation. Results: TEP topography varied according to the stimulation target site. Long-latency negative TEP deflections were systematically lateralized (higher in ipsilateral compared to contralateral electrodes) in electrodes over the stimulated brain region. A calculation that removes evoked components that are not systematically lateralized relative to the stimulated hemisphere revealed negative maxima located around the respective target sites. Conclusion: TEPs contain long-latency negative components that are lateralized toward the stimulated hemisphere and have their topographic maxima at the respective stimulation sites. They can be differentiated from co-occurring components that are invariable across different stimulation sites (probably reflecting coactivation of peripheral sensory afferences) according to their spatiotemporal patterns. Lateralized long-latency TEP components located at the stimulation site likely reflect activity evoked in the targeted cortex region by direct transcranial effects and are therefore suitable for assessing cortical functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whether motor inhibition impacts the motor interference effect of dangerous objects is controversial. Previous studies have manipulated task type and found that dangerous objects elicited increased motor inhibition compared to safe objects in the reachability judgment task but not in the categorization task. However, it was still unclear why motor inhibition was reduced for dangerous objects in the categorization task. We speculated that the activation strength of object affordance might modulate the occurrence of motor inhibition. To test this hypothesis, the present study designed a prime-target grasping consistency judgment task and manipulated target grips (power grip vs. precision grip), target dangerousness (dangerous vs. safe), and Go/NoGo (Go vs. NoGo). The results showed that under the condition of high activation strength of the target affordance (i.e., power grip targets), processing dangerous targets evoked increased motor inhibition (reflected by a more negative frontal N2 component) compared to safe targets and produced a motor interference effect in reaction time (RT). In contrast, under the condition of low target affordance activation strength (i.e., precision grip targets), processing dangerous targets facilitated RT compared to safe targets, with no difference found between the dangerous and safe conditions in the frontal N2 component. Furthermore, compared to safe objects, dangerous objects attracted more attention and recruited more cognitive resources to select appropriate responses to them. This study extended the findings of previous studies on the motor interference effect by highlighting the importance of activation strength for eliciting motor inhibition based on the prime-target consistency judgment task. • Whether motor inhibition impacts the motor interference effect of dangerous objects? • The activation strength of object affordance modulates the occurrence of motor inhibition. • Processing dangerous targets evokes motor inhibition under high activation strength condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The task-irrelevant spatial location of a cue stimulus affects the processing of a subsequent target. This 'Posner effect' has been explained by an exogenous attention shift to the spatial location of the cue, improving perceptual processing of the target. We studied whether the left/right location of task-irrelevant and uninformative tones produces cueing effects on the processing of visual targets. Tones were presented randomly from left or right. In the first condition, the subsequent visual target, requiring response either with the left or right hand, was presented peripherally to left or right. In the second condition, the target was a centrally presented left/right-pointing arrow, indicating the response hand. In the third condition, the tone and the central arrow were presented simultaneously. Data were recorded on compatible (the tone location and the response hand were the same) and incompatible trials. Reaction times were longer on incompatible than on compatible trials. The results of the second and third conditions are difficult to explain with the attention-shift model emphasizing improved perceptual processing in the cued location, as the central target did not require any location-based processing. Consequently, as an alternative explanation they suggest response priming in the hand corresponding to the spatial location of the tone. Simultaneous lateralized readiness potential ( LRP) recordings were consistent with the behavioral data, the tone cues eliciting on incompatible trials a fast preparation for the incorrect response and on compatible trials preparation for the correct response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Expectations regarding future events enable preparatory processes and allow for faster responses to expected stimuli compared to unexpected stimuli. Expectations can have internal sources or follow external cues. While many studies on expectation effects use some form of cueing, a direct comparison with self-generated expectations involving behavioral and psychophysiological measures is lacking. In the present study we compare cue-induced expectations with self-generated expectations that are both expressed verbally in a within-subjects design, measuring behavioral performance and event-related brain potentials (ERPs). Response time benefits for expected stimuli are much larger when expectations are self-generated as compared to externally cued. Increased amplitudes in both the N2 and P3 components for violations of self-generated expectations suggest that this advantage can at least partially be ascribed to greater perceptual preparation. This goes along with a missing benefit for stimuli matching the expected response only and is mirrored in the lateralized readiness potential (LRP). Taken together, behavioral and ERP findings indicate that self-generated expectations lead to increased premotoric preparation compared to cue-induced expectations. Underlying cognitive or neuronal functional differences between these types of expectation remain a subject for future studies.

Abstract: Studies with stimulus–response compatibility (SRC) tasks used the stimulus position (SRC-p) and/or the direction indicated by a central arrow (SRC-d) as irrelevant dimensions. Despite behavioral differences revealed by the distributional analysis (DA), both interferences were established at similar loci on the basis of modulations in the lateralized readiness potential (LRP) and P3b components. Consequently, similar underlying mechanisms were proposed for both interferences. However, comparison of motor processes associated with each task is problematical because each involves different components. In addition, previous studies have frequently used different proportions of trials between conditions, which complicate interpretation of the results because the stimulus probability may modulate P3b. Taking these problems into account, the present study investigated the effects of interference in SRC-p and SRC-d tasks, in which the participants responded to the color of a stimulus while ignoring the position and the direction indicated by a central arrow, respectively. The interference was greater in the SRC-p than in the SRC-d task. The DA showed that stimulus position affected the performance more quickly than the direction of the arrow. The P3b latency was longer and the P3b amplitude was smaller when stimulus position was incompatible. However, no differences in P3b were found in the SRC-d task. Moreover, both types of interference affected response-related processes (LRP-r) similarly. Therefore, the stimulus position and the direction indicated by the stimulus may share a common locus of interference (response execution), but only stimulus position affects P3b component, which constitutes a link between stimulus evaluation and the response selection. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Previous research has shown that subliminally presented arrows produce negative priming effect in which responses are performed slower when primes and targets are calling for the same response than different response. This phenomenon has been attributed to self-inhibitory mechanisms of response processes. Similar negative priming was recently observed when participants responded to the direction of the target arrow and the prime was a briefly displayed image of a left or right hand. Responses were made slower when the left-right identity of the viewed hand was compatible with the responding hand. This was suggested to demonstrate that the proposed motor self-inhibition is a general and basic functional principle in manual control processes. However, the behavioural evidence observed in that study was not capable of showing whether the negative priming associated with a briefly displayed hand could reflect other inhibitory processes than the motor self-inhibition. The present study uses an electrophysiological indicator of automatic response priming, the lateralized readiness potential (LRP), to investigate whether the negative priming triggered by the identity of the viewed hand does indeed reflect motor self-inhibition processes. The LRP revealed a pattern of motor activation that was in line with the motor self-inhibition hypothesis. Thus, the finding supports the view that the self-inhibition mechanisms are not restricted to arrow stimuli that are presented subliminally. Rather, they are general sensorimotor mechanisms that operate in planning and control of manual actions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

When the lateralized readiness potential ( LRP) is recorded in stimulus-response compatibility ( SRC) tasks, two processes may overlap in the LRP, stimulus-driven response priming and activation based on response selection rules. These overlapping processes are hard to disentangle with standard analytical tools. Here, we show that Residue Iteration Decomposition ( RIDE), based on latency variability, separates the overlapping LRP components from a Simon task into stimulus-driven and response-related components. SRC affected LRP amplitudes only in the stimulus-driven component, whereas LRP onsets were affected only in the response-locked component. Importantly, the compatibility effect in reaction times was more similar to the effect in the onsets of the RIDE-derived response-locked LRP component than in the unseparated LRP. Thus, RIDE-separated LRP components are devoid of distortions inherent to standard LRPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A stimulus contains multiple attributes. Under certain circumstances, some information can be transmitted to the next cognitive stage before the processing of other information. An examination of partial information transmission is essential in improving our understanding of the mechanism of information processing. By manipulating two attributes, namely, pitch and intensity, this study examined whether the transmission speed of an attribute could be influenced by its perceptual discriminability. Using a choice go/no-go paradigm, this study presented adults with two pieces of pure tones and measured their LRPs. Results showed that pitch and intensity were transmitted earlier as partial information in the high pitch- and intensity-discriminability conditions, respectively. Thus, this study demonstrated that the transmission speed of a certain attribute could be modulated by its perceptual discriminability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objectives: The present study examined age-related changes in the flanker effect and the extent to which age interacts with flanker-induced differences in perceptual processing, which contribute to the flanker effect. Methods: We adopted a modified flanker-task paradigm that incorporates PRO (i.e., hand responses correspond to target arrows) and ANTI (i.e., hand responses do not correspond to target arrows) conditions. Participants from two age groups searched for a centrally presented target flanked on each side by stimuli that were associated with either the same response as the target (congruent), the opposite response (incongruent), or neither response (neutral). Event-related potentials (ERPs), lateralized readiness potentials (LRPs), and behavioral performance were measured. Results: The behavioral-data results showed that a typical flanker effect was present in both age groups in PRO and ANTI conditions, suggesting that flanker-induced differences in perceptual processing contributed to the flanker effect in a similar manner for both age groups. Furthermore, no increase in flanker interference was observed in older adults. LRP profiles also provided convergent evidence showing that perceptually based flanker effects were similar for both age groups. Conclusions: The present study suggests that aging does not increase flanker interference, nor does it alter perceptually based flanker interference. Significance: The present study found that older adults could be just as capable as younger adults in resolving flanker interference by adopting different strategies to compensate for their deficiencies. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

With the two-choice go/no-go paradigm, we investigated whether timbre attribute can be transmitted as partial information from the stimulus identification stage to the response preparation stage in auditory tone processing. We manipulated two attributes of the stimulus: timbre (piano vs. violin) and acoustic intensity (soft vs. loud) to ensure an earlier processing of timbre than intensity. We associated the timbre attribute more with go trials. Results showed that lateralized readiness potentials ( LRPs) were consistently elicited in no-go trials. This showed that the timbre attribute had been transmitted to the response preparation stage before the intensity attribute was processed in the stimuli identification stage. Such a result provides evidence for the continuous model and asynchronous discrete coding ( ADC) model in information processing. We suggest that partial information can be transmitted in an auditory channel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Overt and covert movements (e.g., motor imagery) have been frequently demonstrated to engage common neuronal substrates in the motor system. However, it is an open question whether this similarity is also present during early stages of stimulus-processing. We utilized the high temporal resolution of multi-channel electroencephalography (EEG) in order to test whether the prior action intention (overt vs. covert movements) differentially modulates early stimulus-processing stages in the cortical sensorimotor system. The subjects performed overt or covert movements contingent upon an instructive visual stimulus (indicating left or right hand performance). We introduced a novel measure, LRPrect, calculated as Lateralized Readiness Potentials from rectified EEG signals. This measure overcomes a problem related to the EEG signal variability due to polarity differences in the spatial distribution of neuronal sources. The LRPrect showed an activation already at 120ms after stimulus onset (latN120) focally over sensorimotor cortices contralateral to the upcoming hand movement, yet only for overt but not covert movements. Thus the prior action intention differentially routes early stimulus-processing into the sensorimotor system, which might contribute to significantly different behavioral outcomes, i.e., movement generation or inhibition. The present results have implications for studies of motor inhibition and action intention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The motor hierarchy hypothesis and the related debate about the role of the primary motor cortex (MI) in motor preparation are major topics in cognitive neuroscience today. The present study combines the two strategies that have been followed to clarify the role of MI in motor preparation independently from execution: motor imagery and the use of precueing tasks. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded while subjects either performed or just imagined sequential finger movements in response to a central target (numbers 1, 2 or 3) which was precued by arrows (at both sides of the screen) that provided information about response side. Both motor imagery and execution elicited Lateralized Readiness Potentials (LRPs) with similar morphology and latency. Given that the LRP is generated in MI, the results show that the primary motor cortex is also active during imagery and give support for the hypothesis of a functional equivalence between motor imagery and execution. Nevertheless, the analysis of the different moments of motor preparation (precue vs. target-induced activity) revealed important differences between both conditions: whereas there were no differences in LRPs nor in brain areas estimated by standardized low resolution tomographies (sLORETA) related to precue presentation, larger LRP amplitudes and higher activation of MI were found during motor execution than imagery in the target-related activity. These results have important implications for the development of brain–computer devices and for the use of motor imagery in neurorehabilitation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Texture segmentation is usually regarded as a fast, early, automatic, preattentive process. Nevertheless, naive participants in texture segmentation tasks are usually not able to perform the task explicitly when the textures are presented rather briefly (49ms) and subsequently masked. In two experiments it was investigated whether texture stimuli were, nevertheless, automatically segmented under these conditions. By using a priming paradigm, the processing of the texture stimuli was measured indirectly via their influence on a subsequently presented imperative stimulus. Priming effects were found for experienced and naive participants, although novices could not respond overtly to the textures in a subsequent forced-choice task. Although textures influenced subsequent stimulus processing, an analysis of the simultaneously recorded lateralized readiness potential (LRP) showed that they did not cause automatic response activation. The existence of priming effects of textures without participants’ ability to overtly respond to them can be regarded as evidence for the automatic segmentation of texture stimuli. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

K. Wiegand and E. Wascher (2005) used the lateralized readiness potential (LRP) to investigate the mechanisms underlying spatial stimulus-response (S-R) correspondence. The authors compared spatial S-R correspondence effects obtained with horizontal and vertical S-R arrangements. In some relevant previous investigations on spatial S-R correspondence with the LRP, researchers preferred to use the vertical S-R layout to circumvent methodological issues related to the LRP and horizontal S-R layouts. K. Wiegand and E. Wascher (2005) do not address these complications, and they make comparisons between electroencephalographic (EEG) data collected with horizontal and vertical S-R arrangements that do not take into account the limitations inherent to the LRP derivation. This methodological weakness renders unsound the neurophysiological support for their views on the nature of spatial S-R compatibility effects. In this article, the author discusses the limitations and possibilities of lateralized event-related potentials (ERPs) in the investigation of spatial S-R correspondence effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objective: To analyze the effects of stimulus–response (SR) processing modes on different central stages of sensorimotor processing in order to evaluate their contribution to aging-related behavioural slowing. Methods: Components of stimulus- and response-related potentials (ERPs/RRPs) and lateralized readiness potentials (LRPs) were analyzed in two groups of young (mean 22.5 years) and older adults (mean 58.3 years) during an auditory and a visual four-choice-reaction task. Results: (1) Reaction time (RT) depended on the SR type, indicating SR-specific differences in processing, which did not vary with age. (2) For each SR type, the RT increased with age. RT slowing was not accompanied by significant delays in early stimulus processing (as reflected by P1 and N1 latencies) nor in response selection (as reflected by the onset of stimulus-locked LRP), but resulted from a prolongation of contralateral motor activity during motor response execution indexed by earlier, longer durated and larger motor-related potentials in older adults. These aging effects were observed for each SR type. Conclusion: In a four-choice-reaction task, (1) task complexity rather than differences in cognitive strategy or activation patterns subserving SR-specific processing leads to response slowing with aging and (2) the most plausible contributor to this slowing is the cortical response generation system. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Although there is substantial evidence that motor execution (M-Ex) and motor imagery (M-Im) share a common neural substrate, the role of the primary motor cortex (M1) during imagery is still a matter of debate. The present ERP study tries to clarify the functional similarity between the two processes in respect of (i) the engagement of the corresponding somatotopic M1 areas during execution and imagery of hand vs. foot movements; and (ii) the effect of conflicting information on response preparation. To this end, we recorded ERPs from 28 electrode sites in 19 participants while they performed a conflict task with congruent (target and flanker arrowheads pointing in the same direction) and incongruent (target pointing in the opposite direction to the flanker arrowheads) trials. We obtained the lateralized readiness potential (LRP), a component generated in M1, while subjects physically executed or mentally simulated the task. As expected by the somatotopic organization of M1, the LRP was of opposite polarity when foot, rather than hand, movements were prepared. The inversion of polarity also occurred during M-Im, a result that strongly argues in favour of the participation of M1 in motor imagery. In incongruent trials, longer LRP latencies, a premature preparation of the incorrect response (positive deflection in LRP waveform) and a fronto-central N2 component associated with response conflict appeared during both M-Ex and M-Im. Altogether, the results support the functional equivalence of the two processes and give support to the clinical use of M-Im for the improvement and recovery of motor functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The aim of the present study was to analyze different stages of central processing mechanisms during a choice reaction task and to evaluate their contribution to aging-related response slowing. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded from two groups of subjects, young (mean 22 years) and older adults (mean 58 years), who performed a four-alternative choice-reaction task. The results showed the expected reaction time slowing in the older subjects. This behavioural slowing was not due to delays in stimulus processing (as reflected by latencies of early ERP components), or in response selection (as reflected by the onset of the lateralized readiness potential). Instead, this slowing was due to an alteration of movement-related components, particularly an amplitude enhancement and prolongation of the motor-related potential at the cortex contralateral to the responding hand. This alteration was reliable and of general nature since it was also found in a second study using a different choice-reaction task with a more direct stimulus–response relation. The results suggest that the overt response requires a higher activation level in older vs. young subjects; this extra-activation needs time and hence prolongs reaction time with aging. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The preparation of a particular motor pattern is related to the information available that enables the actor to predict the correct response to a forthcoming stimulus. In many situations, however, prediction is not possible. In such cases, the individual can guess the probable parameters of the next stimulus. The authors attempted to establish the bias in the motor intention for movement and its interaction with a possible memory trace of the stimulus-response mapping produced by the preceding stimulus. Two letters were presented bilaterally, and participants (N = 21) had to discriminate the target letter and respond with the compatible hand. The present findings support the existence of a memory trace of the previous stimulus-response mapping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When participants utilize prime information to prepare some or all aspects of the forthcoming movement, reaction time (RT) costs are obtained when the imperative response signal demands an unexpected rather than an expected movement. Longer RT in trials for which primes are invalid rather than valid, i.e., the response validity effect, are taken to reflect prolonged motoric processing time. The present study was designed to test this assumption by using the lateralized readiness potential (LRP) in order to reveal influences of response validity at motoric processes, pre-motoric processes, or both. In two response priming experiments LRP onset latency was examined when valid and invalid advance information about direction (Experiment 1) or about direction and hand (Experiment 2) was provided. RT revealed large response validity effects in both experiments. Analysis of LRP onsets provided strong evidence against the common assumption of a motoric locus of the RT increase in invalid trials. Rather, the present results suggest a pre-motoric locus of the response validity effect within information processing. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Psychometric IQ (WAIS-III), onset and peak latency of the lateralized readiness potential (LRP), decision time, and accuracy were assessed during an Eriksen Flanker task in a young (149 families) and in an older (122 families) cohort of twins and their siblings. Stimulus-response incongruency effects were found on all measures of processing speed and accuracy. The effects on the percentages of wrong button presses and too slow (>1000 ms) responses were larger in the older than in the younger age cohort. Significant heritability was found for processing speed (33–48%), accuracy (41%), and stimulus-response incongruency effects (3–32%). Verbal and performance IQ correlated significantly with stimulus-response incongruency effects on accuracy (−0.22 to −0.39), and this correlation was completely mediated by an underlying set of common genes. It is concluded that measures of the ability to perform well under conditions of stimulus-response incongruency are viable endophenotypes of cognitive ability. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• We examined to what extent older adults flexibly adjust their processing strategies. • Response preparation differed as a function of expectation and conflict. • Contrary to prior research, older adults exhibited fairly intact proactive control. • Not all phenomena attributed to proactive control are necessarily affected by aging. • ERPs suggested enhanced processing of informative versus uninformative cues. It is well-established that younger adults prioritize information accrued during different stages of stimulus evaluation ("early" versus "late") to optimize performance. The extent to which older adults flexibly adjust their processing strategies, however, is largely unexplored. Twenty-four younger and twenty-four older participants completed a cued flanker task in which one of three cues, indicating the probability that a congruent array would appear (75 %, 50 %, or 25 %), was presented on each trial. Behavioral and ERP (CNV, LRP, N2, and P3b) analyses allowed us to infer cue-driven changes in strategy selection. Results indicate that when both younger and older adults expected an incongruent array, they prioritized late, target information, resulting in a decreased susceptibility to the performance-impairing effect of distractors, extending the conclusions of Gratton et al. (1992) to older adults and supporting the claim that strategic control remains largely intact during healthy aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The findings of previous studies, in which event-related potentials (ERPs) related to stimulus evaluation were measured, do not fully explain the behavioral decline observed in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI; prodromal stage of Alzheimer's Disease)., Objectives: Motor ERPs were evaluated in this study with the aim of discovering complementary explanations and identifying aMCI biomarkers., Design: Cross-sectional study., Setting: Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain., Participants: Nineteen healthy control (52-81 years old), 21 single-domain aMCI (sdaMCI; 51-87 years old) and 12 multi-domain aMCI (mdaMCI, 62-85 years old) adults., Measurements: Reaction times (RTs), percentage of hits, and stimulus-locked and response-locked lateralized readiness potentials (sLRP and rLRP, indexes of response selection and preparation) were evaluated., Results: mdaMCI participants showed longer RTs than control adults and less hits than control and sdaMCI participants. In addition, the mdaMCI group showed lower sLRP amplitudes than the control participants, and the sdaMCI group showed longer sLRP peak latencies., Conclusions: Control and sdaMCI groups did not differ in relation to RTs or hits, although sLRP peak latencies (sensitivity and specificity >.73) were longer in the sdaMCI group, which may be a sign of compensatory mechanisms or early indication of a decline in motor control. RTs were longer and sLRP amplitudes were smaller in the mdaMCI than in the Control group, and mdaMCI scored fewer hits than control and sdaMCI participants, indicating behavioral and neurocognitive deficits. The combination of hits and RTs discriminated mdaMCI from control adults (sensitivity and specificity >.82); and the combination of sLRP peak latency and hits discriminated mdaMCI from sdaMCI adults (sensitivity=1.00, specificity=.88)., Competing Interests: The authors have nothing to disclose / The authors have any conflicts of interest.