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Nasl. z nasl. zaslona. Opis vira z dne 22. 5. 2023. Bibliografija: str. 3759–3760. Povzetek v angl.

The ever-growing worldwide demand for fired clay brick has resulted in the shortage of clay in many parts of the world. Therefore, there is a need to look for more sustainable alternative materials for the brick manufacturing. This study has investigated the potential use of the untreated Drava River sediment as a substitute material for clay in the production of fired bricks, with the research being conducted at both laboratory and industrial level. At the laboratory level, brick specimens were prepared by mixing clay with different river sediment proportions (ranging from 10 to 50 wt%) and were fired at 950 °C, with microstructural and various physical–mechanical properties being analyzed. Elevated carbonate content in Drava river sediment results in higher weight loss during firing at temperatures up to 950 °C, comparing to firing pure brick-making clay. Consequently, the addition of sediment increases porosity of fired bricks, which results in lowering of their mechanical properties. Results reveal that the compressive strength of the pure clay sample was 79.5 MPa, while the compressive strength of the sample with the addition of river sediment from 10 wt% to 50 wt% decreased from 73.9 MPa to 26.2 MPa, respectively. Despite the lower compressive strength, the 26.2 MPa is still above the limit value of 10 MPa specified in the standard EN 772–1 [1]. At the industrial level, hollow clay bricks were prepared with 20 wt% of the river sediment and fired in a tunnel kiln. Inclusion of the river sediment also decreased compressive strength from 38 MPa for pure mixture to 26 MPa for 20 wt% of the sediment addition, confirming usability of Drava sediment in brick production. In addition, LCA study has been conducted to evaluate the environmental impacts associated with the industrial production of classic bricks and bricks with the addition of the river sediment. The obtained results have shown that the bricks made with the addition of the Drava River sediment are sustainable and environmentally friendly and meet all the requirements specified in the relevant regulatory standard. Nasl. z nasl. zaslona. Opis vira z dne 11. 4. 2023. Bibliografija. Abstract.

One of the biggest advantages of MOFs is the possibility of modifying their properties and tuning their inherent activity (i.e., sorption, storage, catalytic activity etc.). Textural properties can be tuned by manipulating process and compositional parameters, among which, the effect of additives can be even further distinguished among them based on the way they affect these properties. Beyond the effect that additives have on the size and morphology of nanoMOFs, there is also an effect on properties via creating point defects—missing linker and missing node defects. In this study, we investigated the effect of four monotopic acid modulators—formic, acetic, dichloroacetic and propionic acid, their concentration and the heating type (conventional and microwave—MW) on the size, morphology and textural properties of a recently discovered bioNICS1. It was confirmed that the proposed seesaw model for the controlled size of nanoMOF crystals is less applicable in the case of MW-assisted synthesis, in comparison to conventional heating. In the case of formic acid- and propionic acid-modified materials, we demonstrated that the type of additive plays a different role in crystal growth and generation of defects, implying high tunability being crucial for a material’s structure–property performance optimization.

Waste glass and reclaimed brick are types of construction and demolition waste (C&DW) that could potentially be used as secondary raw materials in the production of ceramics. Ceramics based on clay, waste demolished brick (5-15 wt.%) and waste glass (5-20 wt.%) were produced by pressing (P = 68 MPa) and subsequently sintered at 900, 950, 1000, and 1050 oC for one hour. The physical and mechanical properties of the ceramics obtained were evaluated. The addition of demolished brick decreased the density and mechanical properties of the clay specimens and increased the water absorption. The incorporation of waste glass improved the sintering behavior and its mechanical properties. The addition of 20 wt.% waste glass and 10 wt.% waste demolished brick into the clay matrix improved the flexural strength by up to 20.6 % and decreased the water absorption by up to 22 %. The approach presented promotes an opportunity to recycle construction and demolition waste into alternative resource materials, and represents a positive contribution to the environment.

Alkali activated materials (AAMs), a potential alternative to cement-based products or ceramics, can incorporate large amounts of currently landfilled aluminosilicate rich materials such as calcined clay-rich river sediments collected at hydropower plant dams. Untreated fresh sediment and untreated aged sediment intended to serve as AAM precursors were calcined to increase their amorphous content, then activated by Na or K-based silicate or hydroxide solutions and cured at 60 ◦C for three days. Up to 30 mass % (ma%) of fly ash (FA) or ladle slag (LS) increased the mechanical performance. The phase composition and microstructure are analyzed using X-ray diffraction, fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and mercury intrusion porosimetry to gain further insight into how the additives influence the final properties of the resulting AAMs. The main crystalline components of the prepared AAMs are quartz, illite/muscovite and feldspar. The amorphous content reaches up to 52.5 ma% in the Na-activated AAMs and up to 48.8 ma% in K-activated AAMs. The acquired results confirm the suitability of the investigated sediments as sole precursors for AAMs. The mechanical properties of the AAMs can be improved by adding FA and/or LS.

Osrednji problem raziskave je odprava pomanjkljivosti oziroma iskanje izboljšav v okviru delavnih aktivnosti cestnega disponenta v obravnavanem podjetju. Opisano podjetje je uspešen globalni logistični operater, ki ponuja različne logistične storitve, med drugim tudi organizacijo cestnega tovornega transporta. Obravnava delovnega mesta cestnega disponenta temelji na preučitvi strokovne in teoretične literature ter izdelavi primerjalne analize (benchmarkinga) s sorodnimi podjetji v panogi špedicije. Na tej podlagi bom doprinesel izboljšave na delovnem mestu cestnega disponenta v obravnavanem podjetju, saj do sedaj ni bila izvedena še nobena primerjalna analiza s tega področja. S pomočjo benchmarking analize sem ugotovil, da je med primerjanimi delovnimi mesti le nekaj manjših razlik. Skupna točka se je pokazala v sposobnostih uporabljanja informacijsko-komunikacijske tehnologije z namenom učinkovitejše organizacije cestnega tovornega transporta. The main problem of the research is actually the elimination of shortcomings or the search for improvements in the work activities of a road dispatcher in the company mentioned. This company is a successful global logistics provider that offers various logistics services, including the organization of road freight transport. The treatment of the road dispatcher workplace is based on the study of professional and theoretical literature and the preparation of comparative analysis (benchmarking) with related companies in the freight forwarding industry. By examining the professional and theoretical starting points, I will contribute to the improvements in the workplace of the road dispatcher in the company mentioned. I found out that there are only a few minor differences between the jobs compared and a common point, which is reflected in the ability to use information and communication technology in order to organize road freight transport more efficiently.

Teoretični uvod vsebuje pregled literature na temo samega zagovorništva. Nakazala sem katere so ključne naloge v zagovorništvu, katere oblike zagovorništva obstajajo, katere lastnosti mora imeti zagovornik, kako poteka zagovorništvo v socialnem delu ter za konec predstavim še raziskave na temo zagovorništva beguncev. Za svojo kvalitativno raziskavo sem opravila pet intervjujev, pri čemer sem uporabila delno standardiziran vprašalnik. Govorila sem s šestimi posamezniki, ki delajo v različnih nevladnih organizacijah. Z raziskavo sem zbrala podatke o tem, kako je v praksi pojmovano zagovorništvo, katere oblike zagovorništva se uporabljajo v praksi, kdo je lahko zagovornik beguncev, kako je z izobraževanjem za vlogo zagovornika, s kakšnimi ovirami se srečujejo zagovorniki v praksi, kako pride do stika z osebo, ki zagovornika potrebuje ter kje bi bile potrebne izboljšave v zagovorništvu. V raziskovalnem delu naloge se je pokazalo, da zagovorništvo beguncev in begunk poteka na različne načine, vendar se zraven pojavi kar nekaj ovir. Izkazalo se je, da so uporabniki največkrat diskriminirani, težavo pa predstavlja tudi sam sistem. Vprašani so izrazili potrebo po izobraževanjih oziroma usposabljanjih za zagovornike. Neka izobraževanja sicer že obstajajo, vendar so le del drugih izobraževanj. Velika večina vprašanih se za to vlogo ni izobraževala, se jih je pa veliko učilo tudi iz same prakse. Glede na same rezultate predlagam, da se uvede izobraževanje za zagovornika beguncev, kjer se bodo prisotni seznanili tako z aktualno zakonodajo kot tudi nekim praktičnim znanjem. The theoretical introductions contains literature overview on the topic of advocacy. I pointed out the key tasks in advocacy, existing forms of advocacy, advocate’s characteristics, how advocacy works in social work, and at the end, I presented research on the topic of refugees advocacy. My qualitative research is based on five interviews in which I used partly standardized questionnaire. I spoke to six individuals working in various non-governmental organizations. In the research, I collected the data on how advocacy is understood in practice, what forms of advocacy are used in practice, who can be a refugee advocate, education of advocate, what obstacles advocates face in practice, how to get in touch with a person who needs an advocate, and areas in which advocacy needs improvements. In the research part of the thesis, we established that advocacy of refugees takes place in different ways. However, some obstacles occur in the process. It turned out that users are mostly discriminated, and the system itself represents the problem. The participants expressed the need for education or training for advocates. Some educations already exist, but only as a part of other educations. The vast majority of respondents were not educated for this role, but many of them also learned from the practice itself. Considering the results, I suggest implementation of the refugee advocate in Slovenia where the participant will learn about the current legislation and get some practical knowledge.

The purpose of the study is to investigate the possibility of using wine industry wastes, such as red and white grape bagasse, to produce bacterial cellulose (BC) instead of using a costly commercial medium. BC was produced using grape bagasse as a carbon source replacement and the sole nutrient in the medium. The BC films were evaluated for their productivity and water-holding capacity. The BC films were also investigated for their morphology using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), their viscoelastic properties using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and their chemical composition using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Although the use of grape bagasse as the sole nutrient was successful in the preparation of BC, the BC films had inferior viscoelastic properties to other produced BC films. White grape bagasse proved to be an excellent carbon substitute as the production of BC and its water-holding capacity were five times higher and the produced BC films were up to 72% more flexible than the bacterial cellulose produced using standard HS medium.

Proučevali smo vpliv temperature termične modifikacije na utrjevanje in kakovost lepilnih spojev. Uporabili smo les smreke, ki je bil termično modificiran pri temperaturah 150, 170, 190, 210 in 230 °C ter različna lepila: fenol-formaldehidno (FF) za vroče lepljenje ter tri lepila za hladno lepljenje: polivinilacetatno (PVAc), poliuretansko (PU) ter melamin-urea- formaldehidno (MUF). Utrjevanje lepil smo spremljali z merjenjem reoloških lastnosti z reometrom pri čemer smo namesto standardnih aluminijastih diskov uporabili diske iz termično modificiranega lesa z različno stopnjo modifikacije ter z različnimi vlaţnostmi. Uporabili smo oscilatorni test z "multiwave" tehniko merjenja. Ugotovili smo, da so PVAc, PU ter MUF lepila utrjevala počasneje glede na stopnjo termične modifikacije lesa, vendar so bili razlogi različni. PVAc in MUF lepili sta utrjevali počasneje zaradi slabše absorpcije vode v modificiran les, PU lepilo pa zaradi niţje vlaţnosti modificiranega lesa. Termična modifikacija lesa je vplivala tudi na striţno trdnost lepilnih spojev. Striţna trdnost FF lepilnih spojev je padala z naraščanjem temperature modifikacije lepljencev, kar je bila posledica manjše utrjenosti lepila in niţje trdnosti modificiranega lesa. Po namakanju v vodi se je striţna trdnost FF spojev prepolovila, vendar so bolj modificirani preskušanci obdrţali večji deleţ začetne trdnosti. Povprečna efektivna penetracija FF lepila je sicer nekoliko naraščala s stopnjo modifikacije, vendar razlike niso bile statistično značilne. Termična modifikacija je zmanjšala omočitev površine lesa z vodo, toda izboljšala omočitev površine lesa s FF lepilom. Pri spojih s PVAc lepilom sta striţna trdnost spojev in deleţ loma po lesu padala s stopnjo termične modifikacije tako pri suhih preskušancih kot po namakanju preskušancev v vodi. Trdnost suhih PU lepilnih spojev se je zniţala glede na stopnjo termične modifikacije lesa, vendar manj kot pri PVAc lepilu. Po namakanju preskušancev v vodi pa sta se trdnost PU spojev in deleţ loma po lesu povečevala s stopnjo modifikacije lesa. Razlog je bil verjetno v navzemu vode in nabrekanju lesa. Navzem vode med 24 urnim namakanjem lepljencev v vodi je padal s stopnjo termične modifikacije lesa. Pri MUF lepilu je striţna trdnost suhih spojev padala s stopnjo termične modifikacije nekoliko bolj kot pri PU lepilu, vendar precej manj kot pri PVAc lepilu. Po namakanju preskušancev je striţna trdnost MUF spojev padla na polovico začetne trdnosti suhih spojev ter bila neodvisna od stopnje termične modifikacije, vendar je deleţ loma po lesu ostal 100 %. Skupna ugotovitev pri vseh lepilih je bila, da višja kot je bila stopnja termične modifikacije, manjša je bila deformacija pri kateri je prišlo do loma ter bolj krhek je bil lom. Skupna delaminacija PVAc lepilnih spojev je bila precej velika in se je povečevala s stopnjo termične modifikacije lesa. Pri PU in MUF lepilnih spojih izrazite delaminacije ni bilo. In the thesis the effect of the temperature used for the thermal modification of wood on the curing of adhesive and on bond performance was investigated. Spruce wood, heat treated at temperatures of 150, 170, 190, 210 and 230 °C, and four different types of adhesives were used: one adhesive for hot pressing, phenol-formaldehyde (PF), and three adhesives for cold setting: polyvinyl acetate (PVAc), polyurethane (PU) and melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF). The curing of the adhesives was monitored by measuring their rheological properties with a rheometer. Wooden discs, prepared from wood that had been subjected to different degrees of thermal modification and having different moisture contents, were used, instead of standard aluminium discs. The oscillation test with the "multiwave" measurement technique was used. It was found that the PVAc, PU and MUF adhesives cured more slowly depending on the degree of thermal modification, but the reasons for the retardation of curing were different. PVAc and MUF curing was slower because of the lower degree of adsorption of water in the modified wood, whereas the PU cured slower because of the lower moisture content of the modified wood. Thermal modification had a significant influence on the shear strength of the adhesive bonds. The shear strength of the PF adhesive bonds decreased with an increasing temperature of thermal modification, because of the lower degree of adhesive cure and the lower strength of the modified wood. After soaking in water, the shear strength of the PF joints reduced by half, but the more strongly modified specimens retained a greater proportion of the initial shear strength. The average effective penetration of the PF adhesive slightly increased with the degree of thermal modification, but these differences were not statistically significant. Thermal modification reduced surface wetting with water, but improved wetting with the PF adhesive. The shear strength and wood failure of the PVAc adhesive bond (of dry specimens and after soaking in water) decreased with a higher degree of thermal modification. The shear strength of the PU adhesive bonds decreased with degree of thermal modification of the wood, but less than in the case of the PVAc adhesive bonds. After soaking in water the shear strength and wood failure of the PU adhesive bonds increased with the degree of thermal modification. The reason was probably water intake and swelling of the wood. The water intake after 24 h of soaking decreased with the degree of thermal modification of the wood. The shear strength of the MUF adhesive bonds decreased with the degree of thermal modification slightly more than that of the PU adhesive bonds, but much less than that of the PVAc adhesive bonds. After soaking in water the shear strength of the MUF adhesive bonds dropped to half the initial dry strength, and was observed to be independent of the degree of thermal modification. The average wood failure of the wood remained at 100 %. In the case of all the adhesives bonds is was noticeable that with a higher degree of thermal modification the deformation was smaller when failure of the bond occurred, and that the failure was more brittle. The total delamination of the PVAc adhesive bonds was quite high, and increased with the degree of thermal modification of the wood. Delamination of the PU and MUF adhesive bonds was not pronounced.

Cilj magistrskega dela je oceniti učinek križanja na proizvodne lastnosti čistopasemskih krav molznic lisaste in črno-bele pasme v primerjavi s križankami v Sloveniji. Številne študije poročajo o pozitivnih učinkih križanja različnih mlečnih pasem govedi na lastnosti prireje, zdravja, dolgoživosti ter ekonomiko reje krav molznic. V analizo smo vključili 382.829 standardnih laktacij od 157.339 krav črno-bele in lisaste pasme ter križank med omenjenima dvema pasmama, ki so telile v letih 2010 do 2018. Živali smo razdelili v pet pasemskih razredov glede na delež črno-bele pasme. V statistični model smo kot sistematske vplive vključili pasmo, zaporedno telitev, vpliva leta telitve ter meseca telitve smo ugnezdili znotraj pasme, naključni del modela pa je sestavljal vpliv dolžine laktacije. Ugotovili smo, da se je skupaj s povečevanjem deleža črno-bele pasme, povečevala tudi mlečnost živali ter prireja maščob (kg) in beljakovin (kg) v standardni laktaciji, zniževal pa se je delež maščob in beljakovin (%) v mleku. Mlečnost v standardni laktaciji je bila praviloma najnižja pri prvesnicah, najvišja pa pri kravah v tretji zaporedni laktaciji. Podobno velja za lastnosti količine prirejenih maščob in beljakovin v 305 dneh. Na količino prirejenega mleka, maščob in beljakovin je poleg pasme in zaporedne telitve statistično značilno vplivala tudi sezona telitve. Pri vseh pasemskih skupinah krav smo ugotovili tudi porast v količini prirejenega mleka v standardni laktaciji v tem obdobju. Fenotipske korelacije med posameznimi parametri prireje znotraj posameznih pasemskih razredov so bile statistično značilne (p

Modifications of the packaging paper surface play an important role in a variety of industries, especially in the food sector. Uncoated paper has poor water and oil barrier properties due to its porous structure. In this study, packaging paper was successfully coated with six different coating solutions containing combinations of chitosan, zein and rosemary essential oil. The chitosan and zein were actually coated in two layers, the mixed chitosan&ndash, rosemary oil and the mixed zein&ndash, rosemary oil were each applied as one layer to the paper. The results showed increased oil barrier properties in the papers coated with mixed zein&ndash, rosemary oil and reduced water permeability in the papers coated with the chitosan&ndash, rosemary oil coating solution. The result of this two-layer coating showed excellent water (Cobb60 value of 2.18 g/m2) and oil barrier properties. All the coated papers showed a high thermal stability, especially those coated with chitosan, zein and rosemary oil layer by layer. Scanning electron microscopy was used to verify the surface differences of the coated papers, such as the closed structure, pores and smoother surface, especially in the layer-wise coated samples. Due to their good mechanical and chemical properties, coated papers with rosemary oil can be used in many applications, possibly also in the field of repellents.

Za površinsko zaščito lesa navadne bukovine (Fagus sylvatica L.) smo uporabili različna naravna olja. Lastnosti premazanih površin smo proučili po različnih standardnih postopkih. Proučevali smo čas utrjevanja, spremembe barve in sijaja, navzem olj v les in navzem vode v oljen les, z meritvami navideznih kontaktnih kotov kapljic vode pa smo ocenili vodoodbojnost oljenega lesa. Rezultati standardnih preskusov odpornosti so pokazali, da imajo med olji, uporabljenimi v tej raziskavi, tungovo, komercialno olje decking in laneno olje najboljše vodoodbojne in zaščitne lastnosti. Slabše odpornostne lastnosti so bile ugotovljene pri površinah, premazanih z orehovim, konopljinim in kokosovim oljem.

Namen diplomskega dela je bil opis temeljnih znanj, veščin in lastnosti, ki bi jih moral imeti sodobni osebni trener za etično, učinkovito in profesionalno delo na trgu dela. Vloga osebnega trenerja je dandanes zaradi neaktivnega življenjskega sloga in slabe telesne pripravljenosti velikega števila ljudi zelo pomembna. Individualen pristop osebnega trenerja pri delu z vadečimi je zelo učinkovit, a je za kakovostno delo potreben širok nabor znanj in veščin. Pod potrebna temeljna znanja sodobnega osebnega trenerja štejemo biološka, kineziološka, psihološka in sociološka znanja, saj osebni trener ni zgolj nekdo, ki načrtuje in izvaja vadbeni proces, temveč tudi motivira, informira in vodi svoje vadeče. Poleg temeljnih znanj ima znanja za delo s posebnimi populacijami, je splošno športno razgledan, poseduje pedagoške, didaktične in organizacijske veščine ter zna pravilno svetovati na področju prehrane. Osebni trener s svojim delom močno vpliva na življenja ljudi, zato mora biti čustveno inteligenten, da v svojem delu izkazuje zadostno mero empatije in družbenih spretnosti. Ključne osebnostne lastnosti osebnega trenerja zagotavljajo, da vadeči radi sodelujejo z njim, mu sledijo in ga imajo za zgled. The aim of this degree is to showcase the basic knowledge, skills and qualities a modern personal trainer should have to be ethical, efficient and professional on today's work market. Personal trainer's role is extremely important these days, especially due to a very inactive lifestyle and most people's bad physical fitness. Personal trainer's individual approach can be very effective, however, there also needs to be a very broad collection of knowledge and skills for the work to be of good quality. Biological, kinesiological, psychological and sociological knowledge can be listed under this category as well, because a personal trainer is not only a person who plans and executes the training, but also motivates, informs and leads his clients. In addition to basic knowledge, he has the skills to work with special populations, is well versed in sports, has pedagogical, didactic and organizational skills and is able to give proper nutrition advice. Personal trainer’s work has a vast impact on people's lives, so he must be emotionally intelligent to show enough empathy and social skills. Trainer’s basic personal characteristics make sure that his clients like working with him, follow him and see him as a role model.

V diplomskem delu smo preučili literaturo o nekaterih bioloških in fizioloških lastnostih reprodukcijskega trakta ter preučili mere plodnosti (doba med kotitvama, velikost gnezda, uspešnost pripustov in osemenitve, dolžina laktacije, izgube do odstavitve itd.) za namen ocenjevanja reprodukcijskih lastnosti pri kuncih slovenske selekcije SIKA za prirejo mesa, in sicer pri materni SIKA A liniji in terminalni SIKA C liniji. Doba med kotitvama (DMK) je zelo pomembna plodnostna in tehnološka mera ter je dober pokazatelj gospodarnega vodenja reje. V literaturi avtorji navajajo različne podatke o DMK, saj je ta odvisna tudi od usmeritve, predvsem pa od intenzivnosti reje. Iz Letne analize … SIKA linije C (2019) je razvidno, da je bila v obdobju med 2003 in 2018 povprečna DMK pri terminalni SIKA liniji C 76 dni. Podobno velja za samice materne SIKA linije A, vendar je bila pri tej liniji plodnost analizirana za krajše obdobje. Na podlagi primerjave podatkov z dostopno literaturo sklepamo o podaljšani DMK za obe liniji. Liniji sta v analiziranem obdobju dosegali rejski cilj za lastnost število živorojenih mladičev na gnezdo (9 živih mladičev pri liniji A in 8 pri liniji C). Za samico kunca je značilen slabo izražen spolni ciklus, zato je pomembno, da rejci uporabljajo učinkovite metode za pravočasno odkrivanje pojatve (npr. barva vulve). Predstavili smo metode naravnega pripusta in se dotaknili osemenjevanja, v intenzivni reji skoraj nepogrešljivega opravila. Med pomembna hlevska opravila spada tudi ugotavljanje brejosti, kjer s palpacijsko metodo najbolj zanesljivo ugotovimo število zarodkov. The thesis compiled a literature overview of some of the biological and physiological characteristics of the reproductive tract and analysed fertility measures (kindling interval, litter size, insemination rate, lactation length, the preweaning mortality, ect.) for the purpose of evaluating the reproductive traits in Slovenian SIKA rabbits for meat production, namely on the SIKA maternal line A and the SIKA terminal (sire) line C. The kindling interval is a very important fertility and technological measure and is a good indicator of successful breeding management. The authors in the analysed literature state varying data regarding the kindling interval, as it is partly dependent on the orientation and especially the intensity of the breeding. The Yearly analysis…of the SIKA line C (2019) indicates that the average kindling interval for the terminal SIKA line C was 76 days in the period 2003–2018. The does of the maternal SIKA line A express similar results, however, the fertility rate for this particular line was analysed for a shorter period. A comparison of the data with the available literature indicates an extended kindling interval for both lines. During the analysed period, both lines reached the target breeding goal in terms of the number of liveborn kits per litter (9 liveborn kits in line A and 8 in line C). The rabbit doe don't have typical well-defined oestrus cycle, so it is important that breeders use various effective methods for a timely detection of heat (e.g. changes in vulva colour). The methods of natural service are presented, as well as insemination, which is practically indispensable practice in intensive breeding system. Determining pregnancy is another crucial task, where the palpation is the most reliable method to ascertain the number of foetuses.

Nanodelci so drobni skupki materiala, ki jih s prostim očesom ne vidimo. To so delci, veliki od 1 nanometra do 100 nanometrov. Glede na njihov nastanek jih lahko ločimo na naravne in inženirsko proizvedene. Zelo znana primera nanodelcev sta buckminster fuleren in ogljikove nanocevke. Njihova glavna značilnost v primerjavi z drugimi delci je veliko večje razmerje med prostornino in površino. Velikost, oblika, značaj, reaktivnost, stabilnost, naboj pa so lastnosti nanodelcev, ki v veliki meri vplivajo na njihovo toksičnost. Posledica vse več inženirsko proizvedenih nanodelcev ter tudi naravno nastalih nanodelcev je njihov težko nadzorovan vpliv na okolje. V diplomski nalogi sem predstavil njihov nastanek in klasifikacijo. Nato pa sem z lastnostmi, zaradi katerih so delci toksični, opredelil njihov vpliv na okolje. Opisal sem njihovo obnašanje v vodnem okolju, okolju tal in tudi interakcijo nanodelcev z rastlinami. Na koncu pa sem predstavil metode, s katerimi jih poiščemo ter zaznamo njihovo prisotnost in koncentracijo. Na podlagi dobljenih podatkov se izvajajo nadaljnji ukrepi za zmanjšanje njihove koncentracije na dovoljeno mejno vrednost. Trenutni tehnološki razvoj povečuje potrebo po implementaciji nanodelcev v vsakdanje izdelke, kar povzroča vse težji nadzor in kontrolo nad njimi, prav tako pa povečuje onesnaževanje in vpliv na okolje in življenje v njem. Nanoparticles are tiny clumps of material that are not visible to the naked eye. They represent particles ranging in size form 1 nanometer to 100 nanometers. Depending on their origin, they can be separated into natural and engineered nanoparticles. Very well-known examples of nanoparticles are buckminster fullerene and carbon nanotubes. Their main feature compared to other particles is the much larger volume-to-surface ratio. Size, shape, character, reactivity, stability and charge are properties of nanoparticles that greatly affect their toxicity. Increase in engineered nanoparticles, as well as naturally occuring nanoparticles, have a hard-to-control effect on environment. In my thesis I presented their origin and classification. Then, through the properties that make the particles toxic, I defined their environmental impact. I have described their behaviour in the aquatic environment, soil environment, and also the interaction of nanoparticles with plants. Finally, I outlined the methods by which we find them and detect their presence and concentration. On the basis of the data obtained, further measures need to be taken to reduce their concentration to the limit value. Current technological developments increase the need for the implementation of nanoparticles into everyday products, leading to increasingly diffucult control over them, as well as increasing pollution and impact on the environment and life in it.

Trenutno so na trgu prisotne sorte jabolk z belimi in rumenim mesom ter v zadnjih letih tudi sorte z rdečim mesom. V tem diplomskem delu smo se osredotočili na rdečemesnate sorte, pregledali smo njihov nastanek in načine žlahtnjenja. Opisali smo njihove zunanje in notranje lastnosti, povzeli smo tudi kemijsko sestavo teh sort jabolk. Opisali smo vlogo in pomen fenolnih spojin ter antocianov in izpostavili visoko antioksidativno vrednost rdečemesnatih sort. Predstavili smo tudi sorte oziroma blagovne znamke rdečemesnatih jabolk, ki so trenutno aktualne. To so Redlove®, Kissabel® in Red moon®. V tem diplomskem delu smo določili talne in podnebne razmere, ki so potrebne za uspešno rast in razvoj rdečemesnatih sort. Za konec pa smo izpostavili še možnost gojenja jabolk z rdečim mesom v Sloveniji in opredelili sadne okoliše, v katerih jablana najbolje uspeva. Rdečemesnata jabolka bi pomenila popestritev na trgu in zaradi lastnosti, ki so predstavljene v tem diplomskem delu, dodatno pritegnila kupca. White and yellow fleshed apples are predominant on the market, but in recent years there are also red fleshed apples. In this thesis, the emphasis was put on red fleshed varieties of apples and appearance and ways of breeding were defined. Their external and internal properties were described and also the chemical composition of these apples was summarized. The role and importance of phenolic compounds and anthocyanins was described along with high antioxidative value of red meat varieties. Varieties and brands of red fleshed apples, which are currently on the market, were presented. These are Redlove®, Kissabel® and Red moon®. In this thesis the soil and climatic conditions that are necessary for the successful growth and development of red fleshed varieties were defined. In the end, the possibility of growing apples with red flesh in Slovenia was highlighted and the fruit regions in which apple trees are most successful grown were defined. Red fleshed apples would diversify the market with their characteristics and would also attract potential customers.

The fly ash disposal at thermal power plants is either through wet- or dry-disposal systems. As these disposal practices result in different characteristics for the fly ashes, their interaction with alkalis, and hence the zeolitization potential, will be different. In order to demonstrate this, investigations were conducted to study the physical, chemical, mineralogical and morphological characteristics of the residues of the fly ashes collected from the lagoons and hoppers of the same thermal power plant, after their hydrothermal treatment. Field-emission-gun scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis of these residues demonstrated that the hopper ash attains an exceptionally high cation-exchange capacity and $SiO_2/Al_2O_3$ ratios (SAR), which correspond to the formation of major fly ash zeolites as compared to its counterpart. In other words, the study presented here helps to establish the superiority of hopper ash over lagoon ash for synthesizing fly ash zeolites and their enhanced quantity and quality. Elektrofiltrski pepel v termoelektrarnah se odstranjuje po mokrem ali suhem postopku. Pri obeh postopkih se lastnosti elektrofiltrskega pepela spremenijo, kar povzroči različno reakcijo z alkalijami, torej sposobnost zeolitizacije. V raziskavi se je preučevalo fizikalne, kemične, mineraloške in morfološke lastnosti usedlin elektrofiltrskega pepela, zbranega v usedalnih bazenih in silosih termoelektrarne po hidrotermalni obdelavi. Preiskava z okoljskim vrstičnim elektronskim mikroskopom in rentgenska difrakcijska analiza usedlin sta pokazali, da ima pepel v silosu izredno dobro kationsko izmenjavo in visoko razmerje $SiO_2/Al_2O_3$ (SAR), kar ustreza tvorjenju večjih zeolitov elektrofiltrskega pepela v primerjavi z mokrim postopkom. Študija je pokazala, da se pepel v silosih boljše sintetizira v zeolite kot pepel v bazenih, da ga je količinsko več in da je boljše kakovosti.

In general the analysis of archeological glass represents a challenge for a wide variety of objects because of the presence of physical and/or chemical damage on the surface of the artifact, also known as weathering or corrosion. To retrieve accurate bulk elemental information by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), the original, pristine glass needs to be "reached", thereby penetrating the alteration layer which is often more than 10 μm thick. To study this alteration layer the laser was operated in the drilling mode, either with a low (1 Hz) or a high (10 Hz) pulse repetition rate for a period of 50 s yielding detailed spatial information for ca. 20 elements over a shallow depth (ca. 5 μm) or less-detailed spatial information for 50-60 elements over a greater depth (ca. 50 μm). Quantitative elemental depth profiles (in wt%) were obtained with the so-called sum normalization calibration protocol, based on summation of the elements as their oxides to 100 wt%. We were able to associate the increase of SiO2 (in wt%) in the alteration layer to the volumetric mass density change in the glass as a result of depletion of Na2O and K2O. Also the interaction of the number of laser shots with the alteration layer is shown experimentally via depth measurements using profilometry. Chemical and physical changes in four ancient glass artifacts, directly and indirectly measureable by laser drilling, were studied as a function of internal and external factors such as age, composition, and exposure conditions.

Uvod: V ortotiki in protetiki so za izdelavo tehničnih pripomočkov ključnega pomena materiali, ki jih inženirji uporabljajo pri svojem delu. Izberemo jih glede na njihove lastnosti in predvideno uporabo, pri čemer pa so odločilne individualne potrebe bolnika. Ortotiki in protetiki so odgovorni in usposobljeni za ustrezno izbiro materialov in sestavnih delov za izdelavo. Najbolj so v uporabi polimerni materiali, ki se delijo v tri večje skupine: termoplasti, duroplasti in elastomeri. Njihova pomembna lastnost je, da se lahko oblikuje preko mavčnega modela. V svetu obstaja veliko proizvajalcev polimernih materialov. Zaradi lažje in hitrejše prepoznave so jih poimenovali s komercialnimi imeni in jim pripravili navodila o uporabi. Namen: Namen diplomske naloge je predstaviti termoplastične materiale ter njihove kemijske in fizikalne lastnosti. V obliki tabel bomo prikazali primerjavo lastniških imen in lastnosti nekaterih polimernih materialov petih podjetij, ki so specializirana na področju ortotike in protetike in imajo možnost njihove dobave. Metode dela: Diplomsko delo temelji na deskriptivni metodi ter analizi ponudb materialov petih večjih dobaviteljev, ki so trenutno na tržišču na področju ortotike in protetike. Rezultati: v prvi tabeli so prikazane lastnosti opisanih materialov (gostota, temperatura obdelave in tališča ter kemijska formula), v vseh ostalih pa so analizirana imena in lastnosti (uporaba, temperatura obdelave) petih podjetij, ki jih dobavljajo. Razprava in sklep: Nekateri materiali se pojavljajo pod istimi lastniškimi imeni pri več dobaviteljih, v veliki večini pa se razlikujejo. Tudi vseh ne dobavljajo vsa podjetja, določeni materiali se lahko pridobijo le pri nekaterih podjetjih. S pregledom materialov različnih dobaviteljev in predstavitvijo le-teh v tabelah smo želeli na enem mestu zbrati pomembnejše informacije o termoplastih, ki se jih uporablja za izdelavo tehničnih pripomočkov. Iz tabel bomo lahko povezali lastniška imena s polimernim materialom in njegovimi lastnostmi. Introduction: Crucial role in making technical accessories in orthotics and prosthetics is played by materials, which engineers use at their work. The materials are selected with regard to their properties and intended use, wherein a decisive factor is individual needs of a patient. Orthotists and prosthetists are responsible and educated for a suitable selection of materials and components. The most used are polymeric materials which are divided into three major groups: thermoplastics, thermosets and elastomers. Their important characteristic is the ability to be moulded in a plaster model. There are many manufacturers of polymeric materials worldwide. For making easier and faster distinction polymeric materials were named with commercial names and accompanied by instructions for use. Purpose: The aim of this diploma thesis is presentation of thermoplastic materials together with their chemical and phyisical properties. Additionally, we will use tables to show comparisons of proprietary names and characteristics of several polymeric materials produced by five companies, which are specialised in fields of orthotics and prosthetics, and are also able to supply them. Methods of work: The diploma thesis is based on a method of description as well as analysis of offers for materials formulated by five major suppliers, which currently dominate markets of orthotics and prosthetics. Results: In the first table properties of described materials (density, processing temperature, melting point and chemical formula) are shown, while in the remaining tables the names and properties (usage, temperature of processing) of polymeric materials of five suppliers are analysed. Discussion and conclusion: Some materials of different suppliers hold the same proprietary names, but a great majority of proprietary terms differs. Also, all included polymeric materials cannot be supplied by all companies, certain materials can be gained only by some of them. The overview of materials of various suppliers and their presentation in tables enabled us to collect important information on thermoplastics, which are used for making technical accessories. The tables allow us to connect proprietary names with polymeric materials and their characteristics.

Development of a dental alloy with high Au content is based on the ternary system of Au-Pt-Zn with a nominal composition of 86,9Au-9,9Pt-1,5Zn, and about 1,5 wt.% micro-alloying elements (In, Ir, Rh). The results analyses of different heat-treated states showed that the optimal mechanical properties and hardness of an Au-Pt-Zn alloy can be reached with combinations of heat treatment for 20 minutes at 723 K and then slowly cooling, if the alloy was annealed at 1223 K for 30 minutes and the water quenched. Research results confirmed that the microstructure of the Au-Pt-Zn alloy consists of two phases: α1-phase rich in Au (main phase) and α2-phase rich in Pt (minor phase). During XRD analysis and use of the Rietveld method, it was found that the α1-phase content is about 98,5 wt.% while the content of α2-phase is 1,5 wt.%. STA analyses show that the Au-Pt-Zn alloy has a solidus temperature of about 1292 K and a liquidus temperature of about 1412 K. Razvoj dentalne slitine s visokim sadržajem zlata zasnovan je na ternarnom sustavu Au-Pt-Zn s nominalnim sastavom 86,9Au-9,9Pt-1,5Zn i oko 1,5 mas. % mikrolegirajučih elemenata (In, Ir, Rh). Rezultati analize su pokazali da se u slučaju slitine odžarene kod 1223 K u trajanju od 30 minuta i zakaljena u vodi optimalna mehanička svojstva i tvrdoća Au-Pt-Zn slitine mogu postići kombinacijom toplinske obrade na 720 oC u trajanju 20 minuta s naknadnim sporim hlađenjem. Rezultati istraživanja su potvrdili da se mikrostruktura Au-Pt-Zn slitine sastoji od dvije faze: α1-faze bogate sa zlatom (primarna faza) i α2 - faze bogate s platinom (sekundarna faza). Tijekom XRD analize i primjenom Rietveldove metode utvrđeno je da je sadržaj α1-faze oko 98,5 mas. %, dok je sadržaj α2-faze iznosio oko 1,5 mas. %. STA analiza je pokazala da je Au-Pt-Zn slitina imala solidus temperaturu oko 1292 K, a likvidus temperaturu oko 1412 K.

Modern rhodium plating solutions are based on either sulphate or phosphate. Although in theory there are four possible combinations, in practice only three different rhodium electrolytes are used. These are based on dilutions of rhodium sulphate or phosphate concentrates with added sulphuric or phosphoric acid. These processes are be discussed in this paper with a demonstration of Rh platings in the Slovenian firm Zlatarna Celje d.d.

V družbi in času, kjer živimo, je pomembno, da je posameznik samostojna osebnost, zmožna kritičnega razmišljanja in razumevanja drugih. Človek pa za svoj razvoj potrebuje ob sebi ljudi, ki ga znajo usmerjati, mu svetovati, ga vzgajati. Učitelj je tisti, ki spremlja razvoj posameznika, ki njegov napredek ocenjuje in ga venomer nadgrajuje. V teoretičnem delu magistrskega dela predstavljamo teorijo lastnosti in kompetenc dobrega učitelja slovenščine. Učitelj slovenščine svoje učence uči izražanja, sporočanja, predstavljanja, to pa je življenjskega pomena. Slovenščina je naš materni jezik in jezik, s katerim izražamo svoje občutke, jezo, veselje, žalost, in ravno zato ima učitelj slovenščine pomembno vlogo v življenju posameznika. Pouk slovenščine je zagotovo bolj kvalitetnejši, če ga izvaja dober učitelj, ki je pozitivno naravnan in spodbuja razvoj svojih učencev. We live in a time and in a society where it is crucial for an individual to be able of critical thinking and understanding others. This individual needs people, who can guide him, counsel him and also raise him in order to grow and develop. The teacher is that person, who monitors the development of an individual and also evaluates the progress with the proper reward. In the theoretical framework of the master thesis I will present the theory regarding the characteristics and competences of a good Slovene teacher. The teacher of the Slovene language is teaching his pupils how to express, how to communicate and how to perceive things, which is of outmost importance in life. The Slovene language is our mother tongue therefore we use it to express emotions like anger, happiness, sadness and that is why the teacher has such an important role in the life of every individual. The lessons are of high quality, if they are being performed by a teacher who is enthusiastic and able to stimulate the development of his pupils

Teoretični del diplomske naloge prikazuje analizo komponent betona, proizvedenega z uporabo recikliranih materialov. V praktičnem delu smo prikazali izdelavo vzorcev betona, ki smo jim z dodanim elektrofiltrskim pepelom (EFP) želeli zmanjšati količino cementa. V betonsko mešanico smo vmešali dve vrsti EFP. Prva serija vzorcev je bila izdelana z EFP, ki je bil proizveden iz rjavega premoga, drugi del vzorcev pa z EFP iz lignita. Z kemijsko analizo smo ugotovili, da je v EFP iz rjavega premoga več reaktivne komponente SiO2, v EFP iz lignita pa je več reaktivne komponente CaO. Prav tako smo del mineralnega agregata nadomestili z gumenimi sekanci. Preiskave vzorcev otrdelega betona po končanem vezanju so potrdile hipotezo, da je beton z dodanimi sekanci iz gume elastičen material. Meritve so pokazale, da ima beton z dodatkom gumenih sekancev in EFP iz rjavega premoga višji modul elastičnosti kot beton, ki smo mu dodali EFP iz lignita. The theoretical part of the thesis presents an analysis of the components of concrete, manufactured using recycled materials. In the practical part we have shown the production of samples of concrete with the addition of fly ash (EFP), which was added in order to reduce the amount of cement. The concrete mixture was interfered by two types EFP. The first set of samples was made with EFP which is produced from brown coal, the second part of the samples with EFP lignite. The chemical analysis showed that the EFP from brown coal has more reactive components of SiO2, meanwhile the EFP from lignite has more reactive components of CaO. The part of mineral agreggate was also replaced with rubber chips. Examination of samples hardened concrete after tying confirmed the hypothesis that the concrete with added rubber chips is elastic material. Measurements have shown that the concrete with the addition of rubber chips and EFP from brown coal havr higher modulus of elasticity than concrete added with EFP lignite.

Diplomsko delo govori o lastnem izdelanem ogrodju za evalvacijo sistemov za upravljanje odnosov s strankami ali CRM (angl. Customer Relationship Management), ki nudijo podporo za mobilne naprave. Prvi del diplomske naloge je namenjen opisu sistema CRM in opisu mobilne podpore. V tem delu opišemo nekaj primerov uporabe mobilne aplikacije za rešitev CRM, v drugem delu pa sledi opis kriterijev in lastnosti za primerjavo rešitev CRM z mobilno podporo. Nato je na izbranih rešitvah CRM prikazana primerjava teh lastnosti oziroma funkcionalnosti. Sledi še opis nekaterih obstoječih ogrodij za pomoč pri izbiri rešitve CRM. V osrednjem delu je predstavljen glavni namen te diplomske naloge, in sicer lastno zgrajeno ogrodje za evalvacijo sistemov CRM s podporo mobilnim napravam, predstavljena pa je tudi razlika med funkcionalnostmi rešitve CRM v oblaku ali na lokaciji ter mobilni aplikaciji za rešitev CRM. The thesis is about the self-made framework for evaluation of systems for customer relationship management or CRMs ( Eng. Customer Relationship Management ), which offers support for mobile applications. The first part of the thesis includes the description of the CRM system and the description of the mobile support. It also shows some examples and their usage of currently available mobile applications for CRM solutions. The second part is followed by a description of the criteria and characteristics for a comparison of CRM solution with mobile support. A comparison of the features and functionalities of selected CRM solutions are being presented. At the end of this part, there is a description of some already existing frameworks that can partialy assist the user to find some CRM solutions that are currently available on the market. The main part presents the main purpose of this thesis. It is a customized framework that can help users with the evaluation and selection of the most user-valuable CRM solution with included mobile support (application). The study also presents the difference between the functionalities of CRM solutions in the cloud or on premises and mobile applications for selected CRM solutions.

Razvoj novih izdelkov je ključnega pomena za obstoj in nadaljnji razvoj podjetij. Danes živilska podjetja poslujejo v ekonomskem okolju stalnega spreminjanja povpraševanja kupcev, zato se morajo hitro prilagajati na tržišču in razvijati nove izdelke, ki bodo konkurenčni na trgu. Prihod konkurence iz srednje in zahodne Evrope v Slovenijo po vstopu v EU je povzročil porast uvoza živilskih izdelkov in s tem v največji meri vplival na ponudbeno in posledično cenovno politiko izdelkov pri distributerjih in trgovcih. Ker spada razvoj novih izdelkov med tvegane procese v podjetju, je potrebno s številnimi raziskavami izvedeti, kaj porabniki potrebujejo in kakšne so njihove želje. Raziskovalni problem v nalogi temelji na preverjanju konceptov za novi pripravljen izdelek iz piščančjega mesa in ugotavljanju, katere lastnosti in njihove ravni udeleženci raziskave najbolj preferirajo po pomembnosti in katere lastnosti vplivajo na nakupno odločitev izdelka. Izbrali smo omejeno število lastnosti (velikost pakiranja, sestava izdelka, cenovni razred, blagovna znamka in kakovost), ki bi sestavljale pripravljen izdelek iz piščančjega mesa. Izmed številnih raziskovalnih metod za preverjanje novih konceptov pri procesu razvoja novih izdelkov smo se odločili za metodo conjoint, s katero smo preverjali hipoteze. V raziskavi so nas vzporedno zanimale tudi razlike v preferiranju posameznih lastnosti med posameznimi skupinami porabnikov glede na spol in dve starostni skupini, katere smo ugotavljali s pomočjo Mann-Whitneyjevega U testa. New products development is essential for the existence and further development of the companies. Nowadays, the food processing companies operate in the economic environment of constant changes in the customer demands. Therefore, the companies must adapt rapidly to the market and develop new products that will be competitive on the market. After Slovenia entered the European Union, the competition from Central and Western Europe has caused a rise in import of food products and thus largely affected the supply policy, and consequently, the prices of products from distributors and dealers. Since the new products development is a risky process in the company, a number of researches is required to learn what consumers need and what their wishes are. The research problem of the thesis is based on the verification of concepts for new convenience products from chicken meat and on the determining which attributes and their levels are the most desirable to the consumers, and which attributes are the most important in buying the product. We have selected a limited number of attributes (pack size, product structure, price range, brand and quality), of which the final product of chicken meat shall be made. Among many research methods to verify the new concepts in the process of new product development, we have chosen the conjoint method by which the hypothesis were verified. In the study, we were interested in the differences in preferential treatment of the individual characteristics between different groups of users, namely by gender and age group, which were determined by using the Mann-Whitney U test.

Iverna plošča je zaradi svoje narave higroskopičnega materiala dimenzijsko nestabilna, kadar jo izpostavimo višji ali nižji relativni zračni vlažnosti in/ali vodi. Najpomembnejša posledica, ki jo povzroča povišanje relativne vlažnosti plošč je sprememba debeline, ki povzroča nabrekanje in krčenje lignoceluloznih iveri in sproščanje notranjih napetosti dodanih v procesu stiskanja ivernih plošč. Spremembo debeline smo merili gravimetrično in s pomočjo vertikalne porazdelitve prostorninskih mas. Primerjali smo rezultate sorpcijskih sprememb vzorcev izdelanih z urea in fenol-formaldehidnimi smolami. Klimatizirane vzorce smo izpostavili enemu ciklu vlaženja pri 85 5 % in sušenja pri 35 5 % relativni zračni vlažnosti s konstantno temperaturo 20 °C. Cikel vlaženja je trajal 648 ur, cikel sušenja pa 240 ur. Pri primerjavi rezultatov UF in FF vzorcev smo ugotovili, da je na koncu uravnovešanja v vlažni klimi relativna sprememba vlažnosti in debeline FF vzorcev znašala 18,15 % in 11,32 % pri UF vzorcih pa 15,50 % in 4,98 %. Sprememba vlažnosti in debeline je v zunanjem sloju (ZS) pri FF vzorcih znašala 8,48 % in 6,60 % ter 17,78 % in 6,43 % pri UF vzorcih. Sprememba vlažnosti in debeline je v srednjem sloju (SS) pri FF vzorcih znašala 28,92 % in 10,44 % ter 28,92 % in 10,44 % pri UF vzorcih. Ireverzibilna sprememba debeline je na koncu enega cikla nihajoče klime pri FF vzorcih znašala 0,73 mm in 0,3 mm pri UF vzorcih. Izmerjena prostorninska masa absolutno suhih FF vzorcev je znašala 0,707 g/cm3, za ZS 0,842 g/cm3 in 0,621 g/cm3 za SS. Pri UF vzorcih je znašala izmerjena prostorninska masa 0,664 g/cm3, za ZS 0,821 g/cm3 in SS 0,577 g/cm3. Because of the nature of hygroscopical material particleboards are dimensionally unstable when exposed to relative humidity or water. The most significant effect, caused by increasing moisture content of the boards, is the change in its thickness. The change of the thickness induces swelling of lignin-cellulose particles and releases imparted compressive stress in the process of pressing. The change of the thickness was measured gravimetrically, and with help of vertical distribution of density. Urea-formaldehyde (UF) and phenol-formaldehyde (PF) particleboard samples were studied and compared. Samples were exposed to 1 cycle of moisturising at 85 5 % and drying at 35 5 % of relative humidity with constant temperature at 20 °C. The cycle of moisturising took 648 and drying 240 hours. It was found that relative swelling of FF samples added up to 11.32 % and 4.98 % for UF samples. It was also found that relative moisture change of FF samples was 18.15 % and 15.50 % for UF samples. Moisture change of outer layer of FF samples was 8.48 % and 17.78% for UF samples. Its relative thickness swelling of FF samples was 6.60 % and 6.43 % for UF samples. Moisture change of inner layer of FF samples was 28.92 % and 28.92 % for UF samples. Its relative thickness swelling of FF samples was 10.44 % and 10.44 % for UF samples. At the end of oscillating humidity the springback of FF samples was 0.73 mm and 0.3 mm for UF samples. Measured absolute dry density of FF samples was 0.707 g/cm3, for outer layer 0.842 g/cm3 and 0.621 g/cm3 for inner layer. The measurements of UF samples were 0.664 g/cm3, for outer layer 0.281 g/cm3 and 0.577 g/cm3 for inner layer.