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This article explores the experiences of three Latina women who migrated to the United States from different countries and navigated the challenges of raising their children in a cross-cultural environment while striving to preserve their cultural heritage and language. Through narrative interviews and thematic analysis, the study highlights the significance of language as a cultural bridge and the advantages of bilingualism in a multicultural society. The findings reveal that these mothers actively engage in teaching their children their native language, emphasizing the importance of language in maintaining cultural roots and connections with their home countries. They recognize the economic advantages of bilingualism, believing it provides their children with increased job opportunities and professional advantages. Additionally, the study underscores the sacrifices these mothers make for their children’s education and the crucial role of parental involvement in language development and cultural preservation. The findings have implications for policymakers, educators, and parents, emphasizing the importance of supporting bilingual education and recognizing the value of cultural diversity in society. By fostering bilingualism and cultural preservation, these mothers shape their children’s cultural identity, expand their opportunities, and prepare them for success in a diverse and globalized world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through fieldwork conducted between 2014 and 2016 in Arkhangelsk, Naryan-Mar, Krasnoye, and Saint Petersburg, this paper investigates the endangered status of Tundra Nenets, an underrepresented and understudied Samoyedic minority language in northern Russia. Criteria for assessing language endangerment are applied to Tundra Nenets while also taking into consideration the interplay between language identity, reactive ethnicity, negative attitudes, and state politics. The personal story of NC, a Tundra Nenets woman, serves as a case study and exemplifies the impact of decades of marginalization, stigmatization, and discrimination on the cultural and linguistic identity. NC's narrative illustrates how negative attitudes are exacerbating the decline of Tundra Nenets, further threatening its survival. Because of its absence from schools and institutions, Tundra Nenets seems to be turning into a heritage language in its own homeland. This paper studies the complex interplay between identity, language, and societal pressures, illustrating the broader challenges faced by the Tundra Nenets and other minority communities in maintaining their linguistic and cultural heritage. While the situation remains dire and political action is called for, efforts in boosting language awareness, documentation, and revitalization offer potential pathways for the preservation of Tundra Nenets, drawing on successful examples from other endangered language communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates endangered language preservation through three research questions: risk factors for endangerment, socio-cultural effects of language loss, and complexities in preservation and revitalisation. A qualitative systematic review underscores the cultural, historical and intellectual importance of endangered languages. It identifies globalisation, urbanisation, and dominant languages as key accelerators of linguistic endangerment. The findings indicate significant sociocultural consequences of language loss, notably the decline of cultural identity and heritage. The study concludes that community involvement, technological advancements, and supportive government policies are crucial to successful preservation, ensuring that at-risk languages are maintained and revitalised for future generations.

The purpose of this study — construction and research of a new mathematical model of a bilingual community, which takes into account: the effect of mutual assistance within a group of speakers of the same language, the effect of language acquisition by children of bilingual parents at an early age, different prestige of languages for adults. Methods. A new model is being built that takes into account new effects. The model is studied using classical methods with an unlimited increase in dynamics time. The effect of mutual assistance is compared with the effect of language volatility introduced by Abrams and Strogatti. Based on the observed statistical data, using the regression method, the parameters of some languages of England and Canada are determined: Welsh, Scottish, English, French. A forecast is being made for the further development of dynamics. Results. The effects taken into account in the model are confirmed by the correspondence of the development of language dynamics to the characteristics of the language: large values of the parameters of mutual assistance correspond to such a development of language dynamics in which one language displaces the second; at low values of mutual assistance, languages coexist. To model language dynamics using the new model, real statistical data on language pairs is used: Welsh-English, Scots-English, French-English. A forecast is being made for the further development of dynamics by language. Conclusion. General concepts in language dynamics have been supplemented with new ones — the power of mutual assistance within a group of speakers of the same language. The similarity between the effect of language volatility and the effect of mutual assistance is noted.

This paper discusses the design for developing the Minangkabau language corpus, especially regarding the opportunities and challenges. The corpus development of Minangkabau is a crucial project to document, preserve, and revive the treasure trove of culture within the language. The availability of a Minangkabau language corpus can open opportunities for more intensive research on the Minangkabau language with a more modern and data-based approach. It can also encourage the development of Minangkabau corpus-based teaching materials. The corpus is manually assembled using various sources’ comprehensive data collection, annotation, and curation pipelines. These may be manuscripts, books, newspapers, or other written texts and spontaneous conversations, such as interviews or public speeches. Multimedia resources, such as television and radio broadcasts, audio-video recordings, and social media content, also add to the diversity of data gathered. The availability of accessible digital sources, such as online videos, online radio programs, and ebooks, can make data collection easier. However, several challenges may appear in developing the Minangkabau language corpus, such as limited technology accessibility, dialect variations, and the involvement of highly skilled human resources. This paper explains some opportunities for developing the Minangkabau language corpus and increasing the role of the corpus in revitalizing and documenting the Minangkabau language. Furthermore, the availability of the Minangkabau language corpus can also be a starting point for developing linguistic technology, such as voice recognition, text-to-speech, and natural language processing.

The increased global connectivity due to internet penetration has resulted in the dominance of international languages and the decline of regional languages. To help preserve these languages, this study identifies the non-native regions in India that offer the most promising opportunities for expanding the popularity of music for each of the 14 regional languages. It analyses the audio features of 41,000 songs from 14 Indian languages on Spotify, employing two approaches - clustering algorithms and Random Forest Regressors. An overlap between the regions identified by both methods for any given language is considered a robust result, providing greater confidence in the results. The results show that while geographical proximity is a significant factor in determining non-native market fits for the music of a given language, alignment in preferences of audio features driven by cultural similarities plays an integral role as well. The findings have important implications for music industry stakeholders, including artists, management, digital platforms, and governments, who can leverage this data to devise strategies to expand the reach of regional music. This includes designing targeted marketing strategies, fostering cross-regional artist collaborations, and optimizing content recommendation algorithms, among others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia occupies the second position as the country with the most regional languages in the world. This is a great capital considering Indonesia’s position which is increasingly taken into account in the eyes of the world. In rural areas, local languages still occupy an important position because even now there are many people who do not know Indonesian well, especially in the outermost, deepest, and least developed regions. Thus, local languages are still an effective means of communication. This research was made as an effort to increase literacy in the preservation of regional languages, namely Sundanese. This research aims to improve literacy and preservation of Sundanese language in Pandeglang district, Banten Province by using language preservation strategies through digital toponymy studies. The method used in this research is qualitative with a descriptive approach. Data were collected using questionnaire techniques, interviews, and direct observation in the field. The location of this research is Cadasari Sub-district, Pandeglang Regency, Banten. The respondents of this research, namely the people in Cadasari sub-district, were selected based on age, especially those who knew the history of naming the names of hamlets/village. The informants of this research are community leaders in Pandeglang tribe. The results showed that each hamlet has a unique name origin that can be traced to its philosophy. The results prove that to map the level of literacy, toponymy studies and preservation of Pandeglang Sundanese language, there are hamlet names that have been collected based on direct observation tracing in the field. The data obtained are five names of hamlets: 1. Kadu Kalapa village, 2. Pasir Haur village, 3. Kadu Sampir village, and 4. Cikentrung village. In addition, this research can help the government to determine policies for overcoming literacy problems, especially in Cadasari Sub-district, Pandeglang Regency Banten. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the widespread distribution of Latvians globally, the importance of heritage language for cultural connectivity remains underexplored. This study explores the preservation of the Latvian language among diaspora communities, employing linguistic autoethnography, participant observation, and communication analysis to examine the interplay between individual experiences and institutional support in maintaining cultural identity. Drawing from the author's bilingual Latvian–Lithuanian background and based on the example of a mixed Latvian–Lithuanian family living in Finland, the study highlights the role of the family strategy in using languages at home, the role of grandparents, as well as heritage tourism, music, and arts in strengthening cultural ties. Through linguistic autoethnography, the article captures the essence of personal and collective efforts to sustain the Latvian language. Participant observation in diasporan activities and analysis of communicative practices reveal how diasporan Latvians actively engage in preserving their linguistic heritage. The Latvian Language Agency's initiatives, including supporting language schools abroad, publishing educational resources, and organizing summer camps, are critically examined. The study advocates for a unified approach that combines personal commitment and structured support, emphasizing the crucial role of both in the vibrancy of the Latvian language abroad. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1925, population transmigration from Java to Pringsewu, Lampung Province, Indonesia, through the Dutch East Indies Colonialization program, led to a diverse population in terms of language and culture. This qualitative study aims to identify lexical variations in the Lampung language in Pringsewu Regency. Direct interviews were conducted with informants in Margakaya, Pardasuka, Suka Ratu, Waya Krui, and Sinar Waya, utilizing a research instrument comprising 200 Swadesh vocabulary items. Findings reveal the use of dialect A in the Lumpung language, with sub-dialects Pepadum (Pubian) and Saibatin (Coastal), by geographical variation. The study identifies 72 lexical variations, 17 gloss differences in sub-dialects, and four lexical variations due to language contact, particularly in regions bordering transmigrant communities. Factors contributing to lexical variation include environmental influences, language contact, lexical diffusion, and dialect differences. This research contributes to efforts in preserving the Lampung language in the Pringsewu Regency.

In a world where more than half of the 6,500 languages are under the threat of extinction, this paper challenges the conventional view that language preservation lacks concrete economic benefits. Investigating the intricate relationships between monolingualism, cultural identity, and economic dynamics, it illuminates the diverse values that languages contribute to our global heritage. From communicative and emotional to ecological and scientific perspectives, the paper unveils the interconnectedness of linguistic diversity with biodiversity, influencing conservation efforts and ecological equilibrium. Case studies illustrate the economic implications of language loss in sectors like medicine, where traditional knowledge guides pharmaceutical development. Beyond direct monetary considerations, the exploration underscores the unexpected role of language in business, influencing international trade, collaboration, and workplace dynamics. Advocating for the economic value of investing in language resources, the article urges decision-makers to recognize the economic dimensions of endangered languages. The conclusion calls for a shift in perspective, positioning languages not merely as cultural assets but as vital economic factors. It encourages the integration of language preservation into national and international policies to safeguard global linguistic diversity.

Rising public concern regarding the linguistic effects of an increased, digitally mediated English presence in Iceland was one of the factors motivating the research project Modeling the Linguistic Consequences of Digital Language Contact (MoLiCoDiLaCo), in 2016–2019. In public discourse, a causal relationship between digital English input and reduced/incompletely acquired Icelandic had been (and still is) assumed, without scientific evidence. While the MoLiCoDiLaCo project sought to provide evidence for this assumption, the results did not show extensive English input effects on Icelandic linguistic variables. The main results of the project are discussed in the article with reference to a recent shift in the public narrative of perceived threats to the future of Icelandic. The authors show that the focus has in part moved away from digital language contact between English and Icelandic, and toward the rise of English as a lingua franca in the interactions of L1 and L2 speakers of Icelandic. This shift is discussed in terms of recent research on language acquisition, multilingualism, linguistic gatekeeping, and the preservation of globally small languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document provides a dataset transcription and translation of unpublished texts in the P'urhépecha language. The preserved texts are of a religious nature, reflecting the evangelizing efforts of missionaries during the 17th to 19th centuries, with a specific emphasis on the initiatives undertaken by the Gilberti Project at the Center for the Study of Traditions of El Colegio de Michoacán. The investigation introduces innovative digital tools and editable resources, opening new avenues for the study and preservation of the P'urhépecha language, ensuring its relevance and accessibility for future generations.The Gilberti Project has been active for over two decades, dedicating itself to the analysis of P'urhépecha texts. Beyond its academic role, the project significantly contributes to the conservation and promotion of the p'urhépecha language in several indigenous communities in the state of Michoacán, Mexico, where the language is still alive.

Written language is increasingly important, as contemporary society strongly relies on text‐based communication. Nonetheless, in neurosurgical practice, language preservation has classically focused on spoken language. The current study aimed to evaluate the potential role of intra‐operative assessments in the preservation of written language skills in glioma patients undergoing awake surgery. It is the first feasibility study to use a standardized and detailed Written language battery in glioma patients undergoing awakening surgery. Reading and spelling were assessed pre‐ and post‐operatively in eleven patients. Intra‐operatively, 7 cases underwent written language assessment in addition to spoken object naming. Results show that reading and spelling deficits may arise before and after glioma surgery and that written language may be differently affected than spoken language. In our case series, task‐specific preservation of function was obtained in all cases when a specific written language skill was monitored intra‐operatively. However, the benefits of intra‐operative testing did not always generalize, and non‐monitored written language tasks may not be preserved. Hence, when a specific written language skill needs to be preserved, to facilitate return to work and maintain quality of life, results indicate that intra‐operative assessment of that skill is advised. An illustrative case report demonstrates how profile analyses can be used pre‐operatively to identify cognitive components at risk and intra‐operatively to preserve written language abilities in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preserving and innovating indigenous languages is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage and facilitating community development in this digital age. Understanding the digital landscape of IsiXhosa language digitization efforts, however, remains underexplored. This systematic scoping review aims to map the existing literature on digitalization efforts for IsiXhosa language preservation and innovation. A scoping review was conducted, guided by PRISMA-ScR, on relevant literature pertaining to isiXhosa digitization, preservation, and innovations. Two databases were searched (Scopus and Web of Science), and additional articles were identified through a grey literature search (Google Scholar) to identify other relevant literature. Data were extracted in terms of title, year, country, language, digitization efforts, and summary of main findings and results related to isiXhosa language preservation and innovation. A total of 85 unique articles were included from 479 records, leading to the identification of five themes under the digitization efforts. Most studies were conducted in South Africa, accounting for about 78% of the total articles. As such, significant efforts were identified in grammar and morphology, speech recognition, and machine translation. There are unresolved gaps and challenges (such as large and high-quality datasets) that must be addressed. Nevertheless, the efforts demonstrate an increased acceptance of the significance of protecting and improving indigenous African languages, such as isiXhosa, in this era of digital technology.

Preserving indigenous languages, notably the Yoruba language, is imperative for both cultural heritage conservation and academic advancement, particularly within linguistic studies. As one of Nigeria's top three spoken languages, the Yoruba language faces a threat to its counting and numbering systems due to English language influence, prompting a critical need for empirical investigation. To address this research gap, our quantitative study experimentally explores the impact of infographics on language instruction among seventy-one junior secondary students. Results reveal substantial gaps in students' prior exposure to infographics. Also, positive attitudes and increased engagement with infographics significantly improve comprehension of the Yoruba counting and numbering system, with no significant difference in learning outcomes based on gender. These findings underscore the potential of infographics in preserving the Yoruba language, advocating for its integration into indigenous language studies to enhance language preservation efforts. This study emphasizes the instrumental role of infographics in safeguarding cultural and linguistic heritage, advocating for their incorporation into educational strategies for indigenous languages.

Despite the widespread distribution of Latvians globally, the importance of heritage language for cultural connectivity remains underexplored. This study explores the preservation of the Latvian language among diaspora communities, employing linguistic autoethnography, participant observation, and communication analysis to examine the interplay between individual experiences and institutional support in maintaining cultural identity. Drawing from the author’s bilingual Latvian–Lithuanian background and based on the example of a mixed Latvian–Lithuanian family living in Finland, the study highlights the role of the family strategy in using languages at home, the role of grandparents, as well as heritage tourism, music, and arts in strengthening cultural ties. Through linguistic autoethnography, the article captures the essence of personal and collective efforts to sustain the Latvian language. Participant observation in diasporan activities and analysis of communicative practices reveal how diasporan Latvians actively engage in preserving their linguistic heritage. The Latvian Language Agency’s initiatives, including supporting language schools abroad, publishing educational resources, and organizing summer camps, are critically examined. The study advocates for a unified approach that combines personal commitment and structured support, emphasizing the crucial role of both in the vibrancy of the Latvian language abroad.

One of the most well-known and beloved Sundanese folklore stories is the "Lutung Kasarung" tale, which has been adapted and retold in various forms across the region. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the Sundanese folklore "Lutung Kasarung" from a philological perspective. The main objective of this study is to investigate how the Sundanese language is employed to reflect the values, traditions, and culture of the Sundanese community, and evaluating its contribution to the preservation of the Sundanese cultural heritage. The study employs qualitative methodology, using library research and interviews as research instruments. The findings of the research indicate that the use of language in the "Lutung Kasarung" folklore includes various linguistic elements, including 'Undak Usuk Basa', figurative language, poetic verses (pantun), and vocabulary or phrases associated with cultural expressions. The study's findings also highlight the significance of values such as honesty, loyalty, and kindness, as well as the repercussions of greed and selfishness, which are greatly emphasized in Sundanese cultural traditions. A key contribution of this research is its commitment to preserving the Sundanese language and culture. By meticulously examining how Sundanese is used in the folklore, it not only safeguards the language but also ensures that cultural elements embedded within it are recognized and celebrated.

This study presents a groundbreaking approach to preserving the Ainu language, recognized as critically endangered by UNESCO, by developing a bi-directional neural machine translation (MT) system between Ainu and Japanese. Utilizing the Marian MT framework, known for its effectiveness with resource-scarce languages, the research aims to overcome the linguistic complexities inherent in Ainu's polysynthetic structure. The paper delineates a comprehensive methodology encompassing data collection from diverse Ainu text sources, meticulous preprocessing, and the deployment of neural MT models, culminating in the achievement of significant SacreBLEU scores that underscore the models' translation accuracy. The findings illustrate the potential of advanced MT technology to facilitate linguistic preservation and educational endeavors, advocating for integrating such technologies in safeguarding endangered languages. This research not only underscores the critical role of MT in bridging language divides but also sets a precedent for employing computational linguistics to preserve cultural and linguistic heritage.

This article describes the factors causing shifts in the usage, maintenance efforts, and maintenance strategies for the Bangka Malay language. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The data were the results of interviews and library sources. Data was collected through direct observation of objects and the use of language in the life of the people of the Bangka Belitung Islands. The theory used is language maintenance and language shift. The findings show that many factors cause a shift in the use of Bangka Malay. However, efforts to maintain the use of language have been carried out by the government and the people who use it. These efforts have shown results, but optimization must be done. Language preservation can be done through a process of language education from an early age so that pride in using Bangka Malay appears earlier before being affected by foreign languages.

В статье рассмотрены различные модели языковой динамики и гипотезы их построения. Рассмотрены результаты наложения уже имеющихся моделей на реальные статистические данные и результаты их описания. Строится новая модель, описывающая поведение языковой динамики с учётом новых гипотез. При построении новой модели учтены гипотезы существующих моделей, а также добавлены новые гипотезы. В частности, добавлена гипотеза о том, что первоначально, в естественных условиях, дети осваивают только один язык, а затем второй, даже если живут в двуязычной среде. Выполнено аналитическое исследование новой модели, определены качественно различные динамические режимы: один язык вытесняет второй, два языка сосуществуют с билингвами. Определены состояния равновесия, которые характеризуются полным отсутствием одного из языков, наличием двух языков с билингвами. Проведена идентификация коэффициентов модели с учётом реальных статистических данных по языковым парам: уэльско-английская, гэльско-английская, франко-голландская, баскско-испанская, каталоно-испанская, франко-английская. В процессе численного счёта была обнаружена зависимость коэффициентов модели от времени и применён метод моделирования для нескольких временных периодов. Проведено сравнение коэффициентов модели для языковых пар города и периферии, спрогнозирована дальнейшая динамика и определён её характер. Отмечена устойчивая динамика для искусственно поддерживаемых языковых пар.

The English language holds a crucial role in the Pakistani education system, yet many Pakistani students encounter difficulties when it comes to speaking English in their classrooms. Therefore, there was a need to investigate the challenges these students face while attempting to speak English. This research draws upon a combination of Lev Vygotsky's social constructivism and constructivist theoretical frameworks to delve into the constructivist aspects that uncover the social realities and influences compelling students in Pakistan to switch to their local language, Urdu, instead of using English. Social constructivism emphasizes the role of culture and social context in the learning process, making it a suitable lens for this study. The study aims to achieve two main objectives: first, to identify the problem students encounter when using English in classrooms, and second, to gain insights into the perspectives of non-native English-speaking students. To achieve these goals, a quantitative research method was employed, utilizing an open-ended questionnaire designed to gather data from 100 students in the Pharmacy department at the University of Lahore. Among the participants, most have Urdu as their native language, while few were who use English as a foreign language, with varying levels of proficiency. The study's findings reveal that students generally appreciate the English learning environment as it motivates them to use English outside of their classrooms. However, they face reluctance to speak English due to social and psychological factors, including the fear of judgment and a lack of confidence. The study further demonstrates that students find it more convenient to communicate in their first language because it allows them to express their ideas more comfortably. In conclusion, this research contributes valuable insights to the broader discourse on language education, offering guidance for policymakers, educators, and researchers.

This paper proposes the development of a multilingual online dictionary for the Romance languages, called DiCoRom, using an integrative, cross-lingual and pedagogical approach. The dictionary would be based on the database structure and user interface of the existing lexicographic project PORTLEX. The objectives of DiCoRom, its target users and the necessary adaptations to the database and interface are discussed. The paper shows how the structure of PORTLEX can serve as a basis for another lexicographic project, but emphasises the need to redesign the interface to take account of the pedagogical and social orientation of DiCoRom, including the organisation of data and the inclusion of accessible examples for beginners.

There is a perpetual hypothesis whose inclination is to divorce the development of indigenous South African languages from the libraries. This then romanticises the intricate notion that these languages cannot be advanced within the arena and systems of libraries. Thus, this study aims to elucidate the significant role of libraries in developing and conserving indigenous languages in South Africa. The study utilised literature review to highlight the significance of libraries in the development and preservation of indigenous languages. The key findings indicate that although South African libraries have made significant parades to develop indigenous languages, there is a considerable number of tasks facing the national government and libraries in supporting the transformational endeavour. These include developing collection in indigenous languages, as well as libraries serving as spaces for storytelling. Ultimately, it is recommended that multi-collaborative efforts ought to be taken by stakeholders that are directly or indirectly affected in a bid to advance the stature of indigenous South African languages within libraries. The closing remarks indicate the necessity to continue to scholarly revisit issues concerning native languages, as well as libraries given that these are crucial components in human and social existence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Arctic and sub-Arctic region, which is within the Siberia region of Russia, is a region where Turkic peoples/Turkic-speaking peoples live. Turkic peoples/Turkic-speaking peoples living in this region are adversely affected by Russia's cultural policies. For this reason, the problem of cultural security and language preservation arises. Today, with globalization, the possibilities offered by communication channels and the interaction provided by technological development have made the problem of keeping Turkic culture alive and language preservation in the Arctic and sub-Arctic more evident. For this reason, ensuring the cultural security of the Turkic peoples and Turkic language speakers living in the Arctic and sub-Arctic region, keeping the culture alive, and sustaining it requires some studies. The survival skills developed by the Turkic peoples against the harsh living conditions in this geography are of interest to the entire world culture. In this respect, the ancient Turkic culture and language, which is tried to be kept alive in Siberia has an important share in the cultural heritage of humanity. This study mentions that the sustainability of the culture and language of the Turkic-speaking peoples living in Siberia is under threat and points out the need for protection. It is thought that the Organization of Turkish States can take an active role in the international arena by obtaining the status of an observer member in the Arctic Council to ensure the cultural and linguistic security of the Turkish-speaking peoples living in both the Arctic and sub-Arctic regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to describe the maintenance of the Gorontalo language in the workplace by Gorontalo speakers. To carry out qualitative research we collected data through interviews, observations and field records, and then analysed it employing Spradley’s model (used in ethnography). The research reveals that: (1) the Gorontalo language is used in the work interactions between all employees, or between employees and customers who are fluent in the Gorontalo language; customers will start conversations using the Gorontalo language if they have close relationships with their interlocutors; (2) the attitudes of the speakers who actively use the Gorontalo Language in the workplace towards the language under discussion can be positive and negative depending on the backgrounds of the speakers; (3) the factors that affect Gorontalo language preservation can be classified into two groups: factors from the outside of the community, including changes in the composition of multi-ethnic society and the exposure to global information, and factors from within the community, such as the lack of public awareness of the urgency to maintain the Gorontalo Language as the local pride.

This article presents the Program for the Preservation and Revitalization of the Languages of Russia proposed by the Institute of Linguistics, Russian Academy of Sciences (the Program). The Program is based on knowledge accumulated in linguistics in domains such as linguistic diversity, language endangerment, and language preservation methods. According to a recent assessment, there are 150 to 160 languages of Russia. This number of languages, even though quite high, is manageable for a national language preservation Program. Languages are rapidly becoming extinct worldwide, and Russia is no exception to this trend. The following terms are used to categorize languages according to risk of extinction: safe languages, endangered languages, severely endangered languages, and nearly extinct languages. There are several important humanitarian and scientific reasons for engaging in language preservation. The central idea of the Program is to boost intergenerational language transmission wherever feasible. Various approaches to different language situations are envisaged, including enlightenment campaigns, language nests, and language documentation. Three necessary conditions for language revitalization include engaging local activists, administrative and financial support, and the scientific validity of the methodology. The Programs 12-year roadmap is split into three stages. There are a number of favorable factors making the Program feasible, as well as a number of potential obstacles. We have a historic opportunity to preserve languages spoken in Russia, and this is an opportunity that must be used.

The discussion on whether endangered languages should be preserved or not is still a contested one. Language nationalists have likened people losing their language to a people that have become unclothed, as they would have lost their culture, ubuntu, and identity. However, another group argues that language loss is not as catastrophic as linguistic nationalists would like people to believe; just like culture, it should be allowed to evolve naturally. The paper revisits the debate, focusing on the Shona-speaking people who arrived in Kenya in 1960. The paper uses secondary data to explore the sociolinguistic complexities of this Kenyan Shona language. Arguing within Pierre Bourdieu's concept of linguistic capital, the paper contends that whilst there is no problem with documenting the language, attempting to preserve and maintain it is retrogressive and may result in disrupting the way of living of a people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article the existence, use and importance of repositories are explored. An introduction into language resources (LRs) is given as well as a discussion of two platforms for the distribution of language resources, namely, the repository of the South African Centre for Digital Language Resources (SADiLaR) and Lanfrica, a site that links resources. In this article, types of repositories, such as institutional and language resource repositories, will be distinguished and compared. Language preservation is proposed as an important aspect which can be strengthened by the presence and use of repositories. The view expressed in this article is that the availability of language resources and repositories are pivotal for the development, preservation and advancement of languages. Having a host site that links available resources and a repository where resources could be uploaded is a positive attribute of the mentioned online platforms, however as it will be discussed, the fact that information is available online is not a guarantee that the resources are or will be used by researchers or other interested persons, especially if they are not aware of their existence. The article is concluded with suggestions for future work, for example measuring the influence of inaccurate metadata of language resources on linguistic research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The focus of the problem in this study is motivated by the phenomenon of the development of the times and the rapid flow of globalization making the Dayak ethnic in Samarinda City specifically, becoming an ethnic minority so language retention needs to be made in multilingual minority language communities. The language that is the focus of research is Dayak Kenyah Language. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors of preservation of Dayak Kenyah Language in Samarinda City. This research uses descriptive qualitative method with a sociolinguistic approach. The research data were written text (conversational transcripts) from the data source of the Dayak Kenyah ethnic community in Samarinda City. Data collection techniques using the stages of observation, Simak Free Engage Involved (SBLC) techniques, and interviews. Research instruments in the form of devices, stationery, notebooks, and indicators of language maintenance. The results of the study found that there were efforts made by the Dayak Kenyah community in Samarinda City as a manifestation of the language of the Dayak Kenyah region. The research findings are: (1) family factors, (2) social factors, (3) communication intensity factors, (4) activity factors, and (5) desire factors in language retention. The conclusion in this study focuses more on the care and contribution of various layers of ethnic Dayak Kenyah communities, especially in Samarinda, towards the regional languages ​​they have.

Aotearoa's (New Zealand's) biological heritage is in decline due to threats such as climate change and habitat destruction. Aotearoa's biological heritage and the wider environment are critical to the Māori world view and culture and Māori have long advocated for greater engagement in efforts to reverse this decline. One negative outcome of localised declines in biological heritage is a concomitant loss of local Māori language (dialectical) terms. Compounding this is the growing use of standardised Māori terms that can displace local dialectical terms. This also runs the risk of losing the associated mātauranga (knowledge) that is inherent in the meaning of these local terms for their unique flora and fauna. Retaining this biocultural knowledge is considered important and could play a role in conservation efforts. This collaborative research addressed the concerns articulated by a Māori biological heritage expert about the loss of their own unique local Māori terms for flora and fauna. The research explored ways to retain and empower local indigenous biocultural terms via the creation of a static visual educational resource for Tūhoe–Tuawhenua youth displaying the forest vegetation of their rohe (area that defines a tribe's traditional mandate or authority). The plants in the final resource are identified by their local Māori term and their corresponding scientific name. Depicting ecological accuracy in the artwork was a specific requirement of the kaumātua and created some unique outcomes in how the artwork formed. The approaches employed in this research and an analysis of the results and wider implementation are discussed. The loss of Māori dialects has allowed the loss of mātauranga, leading to the loss of dialectal terms for local flora and fauna. This collaborative research addressed the concerns articulated by a Māori biocultural heritage expert about the loss of their own unique local Māori terms for flora and fauna. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Languages evolve as an effect of communal competition while environmental and social dynamics characterize a language. There are thousands of languages spoken around the world but many of them are in danger of going extinct because of language competition and shifts. Modeling language preservation is important because the rise and fall of a language directly impacts the culture attached to it. We present a study of language competition and preservation between a bilingual population and two monolingual populations using a mathematical model involving nonlinear systems of differential equations. Building upon the ideas of previous models in the literature, the model utilizes population proportions with a simple structure that yields noteworthy behavior including a stable spiral with all three language groups preserved. We investigate how bilinguals and monolinguals can coexist as well as how they can affect one another.Los idiomas evolucionan como efecto de la competencia comunitaria, mientras que las dinámicas ambientales y sociales caracterizan a un idioma. Se hablan miles de idiomas en todo el mundo, pero muchos de ellos están en peligro de extinción debido a la competencia lingüística y los cambios. Modelar la preservación del lenguaje es importante porque el auge y la caída de un idioma impacta directamente en la cultura que se le atribuye. Presentamos un estudio de la competencia y preservación del lenguaje entre una población bilingüe y dos poblaciones monolingües utilizando un modelo matemático que involucra sistemas no lineales de ecuaciones diferenciales. Sobre la base de las ideas de modelos anteriores en la literatura, el modelo utiliza proporciones de población con una estructura simple que produce un comportamiento notable que incluye una espiral estable con los tres grupos lingüísticos preservados. Investigamos cómo los bilingües y los monolingües pueden coexistir y cómo pueden afectarse unos a otros.

This document provides a dataset transcription and translation of unpublished texts in the P'urhépecha language. The preserved texts are of a religious nature, reflecting the evangelizing efforts of missionaries during the 17th to 19th centuries, with a specific emphasis on the initiatives undertaken by the Gilberti Project at the Center for the Study of Traditions of El Colegio de Michoacán. The investigation introduces innovative digital tools and editable resources, opening new avenues for the study and preservation of the P'urhépecha language, ensuring its relevance and accessibility for future generations. The Gilberti Project has been active for over two decades, dedicating itself to the analysis of P'urhépecha texts. Beyond its academic role, the project significantly contributes to the conservation and promotion of the p'urhépecha language in several indigenous communities in the state of Michoacán, Mexico, where the language is still alive., (© 2024 The Author(s).)

As the importance of preserving indigenous languages has been highlighted in different fora and numerous contexts, the Arctic appears to be no exception in this regard. The vitality and sustainability of Arctic indigenous languages pervade the discourse on the polar region and lie at the core of the Arctic Indigenous Language Vitality Initiative. To explore the complexity of the endeavor, this conceptual paper analyzes the framing of Arctic indigenous language preservation in selected academic publications as well as institutional documents. Since the use of biomorphic metaphors in the context of language preservation raises numerous doubts regarding their socio-political implications, this paper attempts to address this issue from the perspective of ecolinguistics perceived as both analytical and conceptual lenses to demonstrate that its three complementary strands of research may help bridge the nature-culture divide in general and provide an integrated approach to the preservation of Arctic indigenous languages in particular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advocates of government-led efforts to preserve endangered languages point to a range of benefits that are, allegedly, thereby fostered. In this article, I analyse six such arguments for preserving endangered languages, with the aim of ascertaining whether language preservation can be expected to help secure the various putative benefits. I evaluate, in turn, the claims that governments should strive to preserve languages because doing so will help to: maintain the unique worldviews of endangered linguistic groups; save scientific or cultural knowledge from being lost; preserve the aesthetic value that a diversity of languages represents; ensure minority language speakers are secure in their ability to connect emotionally with members of subsequent generations; secure for all citizens the cultural preconditions of autonomy; or resolve collective action problems. I conclude that the benefits of preserving endangered languages are considerably more modest, and more speculative, than is alleged by proponents of these preservationist arguments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article considers two aspects of the linguistic situation in Brunei Darussalam in the globalised modern era: the situation with regard to minority indigenous languages: and the emergent status of Brunei English. Minority languages are threatened with extinction throughout the world and those in Brunei are no exception. There are seven officially recognised indigenous groups, each with its own language, though these are sometimes all claimed to be dialects of Malay--Brunei Malay, Kedayan, Dusun, Bisaya, Tutong, Belait and Murut--but all these languages apart from Brunei Malay are under threat, even though some efforts are currently being undertaken to preserve them. English is also widely spoken in Brunei and Brunei English has features that make it distinct from other Englishes in the world. Some of these features are shared by other regional varieties of English and others are unique to Brunei. The article therefore, analyses the status of the minority languages of Brunei, describes efforts to preserve them and also evaluates the developing status of Brunei English as it evolves under the influences of globalisation; and it finally reflects on problems with neat classification into distinct languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]