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Social facets linked to conservation corridors and ecological networks have received relatively limited academic attention. This study explores the perspectives of researchers, NGO representatives, and landowners, as well as the community's ideas of conservation efforts and corridor potential in the Vhembe District, Limpopo, South Africa. Surveys and interviews were conducted with communities, regional stakeholders, and landowners. The findings revealed that the community participants strongly support corridor implementation. The results indicate that this support is driven by the anticipated socio-economic benefits in the form of jobs. However, the employment opportunities might not align with the resident's expectations. The study identifies several challenges to corridor establishment, including infrastructure and financial constraints. Moreover, the findings revealed a lack of supportive legislation and highlighted concerns over protected area's accessibility. The study contributes to the global academic discourse by emphasizing the importance of community engagement before corridor and network implementation. It also addresses the complex trade-offs inherent in such projects, regardless of location. The methodological approach employed in this research transcends its regional context and offers actionable insights applicable worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Like any broad political dichotomy, the contrast between a Tory land-based and a Whig labor-based political economy can conceal nuances within individual commitments and actions. Devon squire and Tory MP Sir Nicholas Morice's letters to his cousin, London slave merchant and Whig MP Humphry Morice, demonstrate this. Sir Nicholas often amiably derided Humphry's mercantile urbanity, and more acidly mocked Humphry's friendship with Robert Walpole. Yet this posed no obstacle to Humphry assisting Sir Nicholas when Walpole came to appear, at least to Sir Nicholas, as a threat to the customary rights of landholders generally and the Morice interests in particular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prescribed fires are used to manage natural areas and mitigate potentially intense and catastrophic wildfires. Education and other outreach activities can increase the acceptance and adoption of prescribed fire use among private landowners. Land grant university-based Extension services are often a trusted source of information in communities on a variety of topics, but no published research has previously assessed Extension's capacity for prescribed fire education and training. This study uses semi-structured interviews to explore the knowledge and experiences of 23 southeastern U.S. Extension professionals with prescribed fire outreach. Thematic analysis of the interviews guided by Ostrom's social-ecological systems framework revealed that these Extension professionals face a variety of challenges stemming from their institutions, audiences, and own backgrounds that complicate prescribed fire outreach. These challenges can be overcome, allowing Extension professionals to conduct fire science outreach and play an active role in facilitating networks to build capacity through cooperation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the concept of "solastalgia," a term coined by Glenn Albrecht to describe the distress felt when one's beloved home is under threat. It has been applied in literary studies to explore representations of climate grief in works from various cultures. The text focuses on late-nineteenth-century western regionalism, particularly narratives from communities displaced by U.S. imperialism and westward expansion, examining the affective registers of environmental dislocation. Authors Sarah Winnemucca Hopkins and María Amparo Ruiz de Burton are highlighted for their works that evoke solastalgic distress and offer hope for restoration and renewal. [Extracted from the article]

This study examines a public hearing, in which a company normalizes a high-risk project while a group of residents and landowners problematize it through three types of relational risk work including the construction of concerns versus measures, consultations on concerns and measures, and company approach in addressing concerns with measures. They construct risk meanings in a relational context where they respond to the normalizing and problematizing attempts of one another. Accordingly, this study has two main contributions. First, it identifies three types of risk work used by public and business stakeholders to relationally construct and normalize/problematize risk and risk management and thus analyzes the tension between normalizing and problematizing as an issue of interdependence. Second, it brings forward the opposition between concerns and measures as an important topic for risk research and emphasizes the critical role of risk consultations with cooperative approaches in addressing this opposition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Land tenure security (LTS) is important for achieving many sustainable development goals but its influence on forest cover is mixed. The uncertain relationship between LTS and forests is driven, in part, by the moderating influence of other drivers of deforestation. In this paper we illustrate this complex relationship between LTS and forest cover for individual private landholders in the Colombian Amazon. We use household surveys and econometric analysis with matching techniques to examine whether formal land titles and perceptions of LTS influence forest cover. We explore how the effect of a land title on forest cover is moderated by perceptions of LTS, time to markets, and participation in a conservation program. We find that more secure land tenure, on average, has a statistically significant and negative influence on forest cover in our sample. The negative association between LTS and forest cover is stronger when landholders perceive they have secure tenure and are closer to markets. However, we find the negative relationship between land title and forest cover goes away when a landholder participates in a conservation program. While our cross-sectional data and quasi-experimental methods cannot lead to causal statements, our results are in line with many recent studies in the Amazon region, and our household-level data provides important insight regarding drivers of deforestation that moderate the relationship between land title and forest cover. Our results inform the design of future LTS interventions and conservation efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia is the property of Publikasi Indonesia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article is devoted to the analysis of theoretical approaches and judicial practice of vindicatio defense of rights to land plots. Reforming social relations requires periodic rethinking of legal categories and the practice of their application. Therefore, periodic comparison of scientific positions in the field of land rights defense with judicial practice in this field is extremely necessary. The research is focused on highlighting the issues of correlation of vindicatio defense with other remedies of defense: restitution, condictio, recognition of land rights, recognition of acts of public authorities as invalid, negatorio method of defense, etc. A special feature and problem of the defense of rights to land is the correctness of choosing a vindicatio or negatorio defense, since modern judicial practice has made its corrections in this matter. In this vein, the article pays special attention to defense in case of arbitrary occupation of land. The only form of defense in case of arbitrary occupation of lan d plots, which is directly indicated in the legislation, is a judicial one. At the same time, the remedy of defense is not specified in the law, which created a scientific discussion on this matter outlined in the article. Taking into account the systematic conclusions of judicial practice regarding the cases of choosing vindicatio or negatorio defense, arbitrary occupation of a land plot is an indirect temporary illegal possession. In the case of violations of legal ownership by such a temporary illegal owner of a plot of land, both the owner and the temporary legal user must apply negatorio defense. Summing up, we can conclude that modern judicial practice has mainly determined the ways of defensing land rights. In not all cases, such approaches are supported by legal science. But at the same time, it brings some certainty to the regulation of land relations and creates a relatively stable basis for the defense of land rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Applied nucleation and other spatially patterned restoration methods are promising approaches for scaling up projects to meet ambitious international restoration commitments in an ecologically and economically sound manner. Much of the corresponding literature to date, however, has centered around theoretical discussions and small‐scale studies that are largely divorced from constraints faced by restoration practitioners. We briefly review recent academic literature about applied nucleation and other spatially patterned restoration methods and discuss practical challenges to their implementation. We offer several recommendations to move spatially patterned restoration from an academic conversation to scalable application, including: (1) comparing different planting designs and natural regeneration within the same system at an appropriate scale; (2) monitoring ecological outcomes throughout the restored area over sufficient time to evaluate recovery; (3) quantifying costs and documenting other logistical constraints to implementation; and (4) exploring methods for using unplanted areas to provide benefits to landholders until planted vegetation establishes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Landowners interested in rural lifestyles rather than primary production, are a significant group of rural landowners in many countries. Among these landowners, distinctions are made between the management practices and motivations of absentee and resident landowners. Absentee landowners are not uncommonly depicted as poor land managers and as not meeting their responsibilities. Evidence, however, on this is mixed. With a focus on invasive plant management in Australia, we compare the motivations, attitudes, and practices of absentee and resident landowners in two high amenity areas of New South Wales, Australia. We found that attitudes and practices surrounding invasive plant management were very similar between absentee and resident landowners, but that there are some key differences surrounding motivations and barriers to invasive plant management. Our data suggests that difference between absentee and residential landowners, therefore, may be overstated with respect to invasive plant management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under what conditions do land transfers occur under land reform? Theories of land redistribution focus on demand-side explanations for land transfers where the state allocates land in exchange for support from voters or rural elites. In this article, I argue that land transfers under market land redistribution are driven by supply-side characteristics of landholders. Using the case of South Africa's sugar sector, I show that landholders chose to sell their land via redistribution when they had the economic incentive to preserve existing state-support frameworks and had collective capacity from centralized institutions. To understand when and why land redistribution occurs, one must pay attention to the landholders' relationship to the state and their internal sectoral organization. In some cases, landholders may have an incentive to redistribute their land. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agri‐environmental policies in England stand on the threshold of significant change, with a new suite of Environmental Land Management schemes set to embody more of the 'public money for public goods' principle. In addition, two tranches of these schemes appear heading towards a more collaborative approch towards delivering these public goods—suggesting that landholder collaborations would be a vital key to achieving this goal on such a scale. Running in parallel with this policy change is a countryside that has been undergoing a transition over the past several decades. This has seen a growing diversification in landholder types ‐ prompting a re‐examination not only with regards to the range of landholders who should be recruited into public goods delivery but the incentivisation strategies needed to recruit them as well. In this article, we examine the limitations of the behavioural approach utilised by past agri‐environmental schemes to incentivise farmer uptake. We then propose the use of a Theories of Practice and Theory of Capital framework that shifts the approach towards a more targeted pattern of incentivisation, one which enables the recruitment of a much broader set of public goods providers into landholder collaboration. To demonstrate how this framework can be applied, we present a case study around a range of collaboration models. Our findings suggest that in order for collaborations to be sustained in the long term, policymakers will need to think more directly with regard to the different aspects of collaboration that different landholders place value in. This would ensure opportunities for various forms of capital to be generated or for the recrafting of practices through intervention points. We conclude that the recrafting of the collaborative conservation practice not only can be accomplished through its constituent elements but by changing its practitioners as well—as exemplified by the different configurations of landholders that make up each of our five models of collaboration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the concept of engaged scholarship on religion in the context of Indigenous lands, specifically focusing on the experiences of the Ohlone tribes in California. It highlights the history of colonization and the violence and erasure faced by California Indian communities. The text emphasizes the need for non-Native scholars to shift towards engaged scholarship that centers Indigenous perspectives and contributes to the well-being of these communities. It also explores the role of religion scholars in addressing urgent issues within Indigenous communities, while acknowledging the risks and challenges involved in building relationships and navigating disagreements. The author emphasizes the importance of self-reflection, humility, and collaboration in this process, with the ultimate goal of becoming a supportive guest and a good relative on Ohlone homelands. [Extracted from the article]

The article explores the history of the Te Aroha community and mining district in New Zealand, focusing on the gold rush in the 1860s and the impact on the community. It discusses the presence of both Maori and European settlers and the tensions between them. The text also highlights the decline of the Ngati Rahiri tribe and the loss of their land due to government policies. It provides insights into the cultural and social dynamics of the community during this time period. Additionally, there are documents containing references and citations from various sources related to the Te Aroha community and mining district, offering valuable insights for researchers. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the concept of reification in John Steinbeck's novel, The Grapes of Wrath. Reification refers to the situation where human activity and its products dominate and control human beings, appearing as objective entities governed by natural laws. Steinbeck's novel portrays the effects of reification through the story of tenant farmers who are forced off their land by banks and large-scale agro-industrial exploitation. The article highlights the environmental malpractice, debt, and the dehumanizing nature of corporations in the novel. It also explores the lack of collective action and political consciousness among the farmers, as well as the resilience and resourcefulness of the Joad family. [Extracted from the article]

Private lands support much of the biodiversity in North America, but supporting wildlife can be costly for landowners. Innovative tools are needed to reduce the risks that wildlife pose to private landowners while conserving biodiversity. Here, we present a range of innovative tools that have effectively been used to "de‐risk" wildlife occupancy of private lands in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Lessons learned from these risk reduction strategies inform conservation more broadly by highlighting the importance of economic and risk‐management considerations to wildlife conservation on private lands. Incorporating de‐risking tools into the wildlife conservation toolbox can help conservation practitioners more strategically allocate resources to benefit wildlife and the private lands that help support them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Development Studies is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bylye Gody is the property of Cherkas Global University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Rapid urbanisation in sub-Saharan Africa occurs with little land registration, and government-led regularisation schemes often find limited uptake of title deeds by residents. In theory, there could be private and public benefits from land titling in cities. However, little is known about how landholders value the various dimensions of formal property rights in comparison to informal tenure. We address these questions by unbundling property rights into multiple functions of tenure security and by adopting an innovative combination of methods, including an incentivised willingness-to-pay exercise, a survey, and in-depth interviews conducted in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Examining how landholders perceive dimensions of tenure advances our understanding of limited land formalisation in urban Africa and provides evidence for alternative policy approaches to address local demand for tenure security more effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Although traditionally the focus of Mycenaean studies has been the elite and the administrative centres referred to as 'palaces', nonetheless academics investigating Mycenaean society have increasingly turned their attention to nonpalatial sectors of society. This article investigates the different levels of society that are recorded within two Linear B land tenure series, specifically the Ep and Ea series. The Ep tablets record the landholdings of the inhabitants of pa‐ki‐ja‐ne, a damos that was home to Pylos's most significant sanctuary. A steep hierarchy is demonstrated for its inhabitants by the relative sizes of their landholdings, with prominent religious personnel among those at the top and many 'servants of the deity' at the bottom. The Ea damos, in contrast, differs in the professional titles of the landholders—craftsmen and animal herders are prevalent—and in the relative sizes of the landholdings: the Ea series records plots of land that were more equitably sized and generally larger than those of pa‐ki‐ja‐ne. The Ea series can likely be considered as more representative of Mycenaean damoi than pa‐ki‐ja‐ne, which could indicate that the social structure of typical Mycenaean communities was not steeply hierarchical, and perhaps more egalitarian than may have been thought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Odisha is considered one of the most vulnerable states in India, as recurrent climatic events strike it almost every year. The quantum of agricultural damage from floods and drought is colossal. The farming community, dominated by small and marginal landholders, are more vulnerable because of their weak coping capacity. The climate extremes are progressive and increasingly frequent. For agriculture to progress and sustain itself in such a scenario, the vulnerability of agriculture in the state needs to be comprehensively assessed. The study was primarily a district-level analysis, employing the IPCC framework and evaluating the degree of vulnerability by measuring three dimensions: exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. Using secondary data from 17 indicators, the study constructed indices for three dimensions separately and finally arrived at the overall vulnerability index. Based on their exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity index scores, Jharsuguda, Bolangir, and Bhadrak were identified as the three most vulnerable districts. Conversely, Koraput, Kandhamal, and Malkangiri were found to be the three least vulnerable districts. Regarding exposure to different vulnerability-causing factors, Bolangir, Jharsuguda, and Subarnapur were at the top. Khorda, Balasore, and Bhadrak recorded high sensitivity scores. Despite the high scores of exposure and sensitivity, some districts showed high adaptive capacity to reduce the overall vulnerability score. It suggests that boosting adaptive capacity is a major driver in reducing agriculture vulnerability. The general pattern was that northern districts are more exposed to climate shocks, whereas coastal districts are highly sensitive. The districts from the central region, such as Angul, Koraput, Kandhamal, and Kalahandi, are less vulnerable. The drivers for these index scores will help formulate district-specific measures to make farmers and overall agriculture less vulnerable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a study of the effects on landownership distribution of the unprecedented explosion of labour militancy in the Italian countryside during the post-Great War crisis, the period known as the «Red Biennium» (1919-1920) and its aftermath up to the March on Rome. During these years land markets became suddenly liquid, generating a sort of «spontaneous land reform». The Italian case thus provides valuable insights into the effects of extreme threats to property on the operation of usually sticky land markets in a developing economy. The conventional wisdom attributes a key role in the process to «Red fear». Exploiting geographical variation in different dimensions of collective action intensity, we revisit the conventional wisdom. The frequency of agricultural strikes is indeed strongly correlated with land sales, but the scale of strike participation over the period is associated with a lower propensity to sale in Central and Northern provinces. Spatial analysis suggests a pattern of land sales compatible with contagion across locations. Thus, an increase in disruptive labour unrest may have induced some landowners to sell, as far as the threat was perceived as an individual one. Where the labour movement was able to increase the scale and scope of the threat, the entire landowning class was concerned. There, Blackshirts rather than land sales were the response to Red fear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article explores the false consensus effect (FCE) in private landowner perceptions of hunting. The decisions made by private landowners regarding hunting on their properties can have a significant impact on landscape-level conservation strategies. The study conducted a mail survey of non-industrial landowners in North Carolina to examine their perceptions of hunting on neighboring properties. The results showed that both hunting and non-hunting landowners had inaccurate perceptions of the prevalence of hunting in their communities. These findings have implications for conservation efforts and suggest the need for improved communication and education regarding hunting among landowners. [Extracted from the article]

This article focuses on the north of the captaincy of Rio de Janeiro, from the 18th to the 19th centuries, to examine the occupation and disputes involving land ownership and the expansion of the frontiers. To this end, we focused on the lands of the extinct Aldeamento de Santo Antônio de Guarulhos, located in Campos dos Goytacazes, between the years 1785-1802. The proposal has as its guiding thread three requests for sesmarias in the lands formerly occupied by the old settlement, which receive different routes, and reveal different interests in the areas in which groups of landowners were established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wildfire risk is growing in the forested portion of the Wildland-Urban Interface, especially in the Western United States. Some commentators have suggested that the time has come for measures that would reduce the human presence in this area. In certain circumstances, however, family forestland owners have a salutary effect on forest resiliency. The attempt to exclude family forestland owners would create more problems than it would solve. A better strategy would be to assist family forestland owners in fireproofing their residences and improving the health of their forests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the article becomes to highlight a new epistemology of knowledge as the guiding thread of the creative process of the samba school parade in 2019 at Estação Primeira de Mangueira. Historically, knowledge stru ctured from a bias of westernized thinking was intertwined in Brazilian cultural manifestations such as the carnival phenomenon. The narrative that the samba school parades portrayed in their presentation, reinforced the myths and misconceptions that the Eurocentric historiography systematized for many years, relativizing and softening problematic historical episodes, such as the invasion and consequently the colonization, slavery and genocide of the real owners of these lands, the original peoples. In order to rethink and rewrite traditional Brazilian historiography, the decolonial movement emerges as an epistemological rupture in order to highlight the existence and resistance of blacks and indigenous peoples in the past and present. In the parade "Historias para ninar gente grande" at Estaçao Primeira de Mangueira, the decolonial episteme is incorporated into the parade, carrying out a historical reparation towards indigenous peoples, blacks and other social groups who were victims of colonization and coloniality, becoming in this parade the true heroes and protagonists of the history of Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Semestre Económico is the property of Sello Editorial de la Universidad de Medellin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Land disputes are one of the complex and frequent agrarian problems in Indonesia. Therefore, systematic and targeted efforts are needed to resolve land disputes in Indonesia. The National Land Agency (BPN) as a government agency tasked with managing land has an important role in resolving land disputes. This research aims to examine the role of BPN in resolving land disputes in Indonesia. The research method used in this study is a qualitative method. The data collection technique in this research is literature study. The data that has been collected is then analyzed in three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The research results show that BPN has a central role in resolving land disputes in Indonesia. As an institution responsible for land administration and management, BPN plays a role in facilitating legal and administrative processes related to ownership, utilization and resolution of land disputes. BPN is tasked with providing legal certainty regarding land status, verifying ownership claims, and providing land certificates to the legal owners. Apart from that, BPN also plays a role in mediating and resolving conflicts between parties involved in land disputes, whether between individuals, traditional communities, or private parties. BPN's role is not only limited to administrative aspects, but also includes efforts to create fair and sustainable solutions, taking into account various social, economic and environmental aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efforts to enhance carbon sequestration, including afforestation and reforestation, are critical strategies to meet the New York State (NYS) climate goals. In NYS, converting underutilized lands to mature forests can mitigate 4.9 million metric tons of CO2 annually, but 97% of suitable lands are privately owned. These mitigation figures do not consider landowner willingness to grow mature forest. Drawing on a survey of 979 NYS landowners, we explored interest in growing mature forest, potential barriers, and how they can be mitigated. Survey results indicate landowners seem reasonably interested (about one-third were "very interested") in converting at least some of their land to mature forest for carbon sequestration. Respondents were most willing to convert land in young forest and shrubland and least willing to convert fallow fields, grassland, and agricultural land. Key barriers are related to inadequate labor and financial resources. Incentives focused on finances most increase willingness but only modestly so. Study Implications: Land availability for carbon sequestration can only be realistically understood if we consider private landowner willingness to grow forests. We observed relatively strong enthusiasm for converting young forest and shrubland. Land conversion proponents could tailor management and communication strategies to owners of these land types. Conversion is tied to overcoming negative attitudes about the potential conflict between current management and managing for carbon sequestration and providing resources for conversion. Landowner willingness was less when the agricultural footprint was greater. With much farmland in NYS, the amount of land available for reforestation may be lower than what landcover-based estimates suggest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article recounts the experiences of Pedro Hernan Halke Arevalos and his involvement in the establishment of the Tierra Prometida campesino settlement in Nueva Germania. The landless farmers formed a committee called El Resto to secure land for those who were left out when a piece of land was given to others before the year 2000. They faced obstacles such as lack of recognition from the government and conflicts with the landowner and a Brazilian buyer. Despite these challenges, they persisted in their fight for the land. The article also mentions the murder of the narrator's brother and the difficulties encountered in constructing the houses. The government provided support in the form of houses, infrastructure, and food provisions, but the campesinos had to begin repaying the loan after ten years. The text includes photographs that document the lives and activities of the campesinos. [Extracted from the article]

The Bulgarian legislation gives a wide range in regulating the process of use of agricultural lands by the owners of these lands. For example, in the Law on the ownership and use of agricultural lands (www.lex.bg), two groups of entities are distinguished from the point of view of their regulated functions – the owners themselves in the form of natural persons, the state and municipalities, and legal entities, and the so-called users of agricultural lands. The owners of agricultural land are also users by right, while the users, without owning agricultural land, can use it through: lease, rental for a certain period, temporary use methods regulated in the cited law. The use of agricultural lands is also related to their conservation and preservation as a national resource and a factor in national security in the context of Article 21, paragraph 1 of the Constitution of the Republic of Bulgaria (www.lex.bg), which states: "Land is a basic national wealth, which enjoys special protection of the state and society". The author of the development examines the use of agricultural land precisely from this position. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Australian agriculture and the rural communities that depend upon it are expected to experience significant impacts from climate change. The recognition of the human role in climate change is central in the design and implementation of effective strategies to mitigate and adapt to its impacts. Understanding the extent to which members of the public, such as private landholders, acknowledge human-caused climate change is critical, given their role as custodians of large tracts of natural resources. Rural social benchmarking studies are a useful tool for understanding landholder values and beliefs. Here, we use a rural social benchmarking survey to examine landholder agreement regarding the extent to which humans contribute to climate change across four Australian agricultural regions. We perform hierarchical clustering analysis to determine subgroups of landholders with similar patterns of survey responses. We then evaluate this effect of cluster membership and demographic characteristics using Bayesian ordinal regression on levels of agreement with the statement "that human activities are influencing climate change." Our findings reveal three distinct clusters based on patterns of responses to survey questions eliciting participants values beliefs and norms. Cluster membership exhibits the strongest positive influence on agreement (0.52, 95% CI: 0.37 to 0.67). This was followed by higher education levels (0.32, 95% CI: 0.22 to 0.41). Gender showed a moderately uncertain but positive influence. Years residing on the property, participant age, and property size showed very little influence, while rainfall zones showed a negative influence of-0.29 (95% CI: -0.47 to-0.12). Our results underscore the need for extension programs to consider landholder typologies based on a combination of lived experience and demographics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study provides a four-good general equilibrium framework with international trade for assessing the impact of the advancement of automation and artificial intelligence (A&AI) on the welfare of a group of agents who are excluded from both owning productive assets, such as capital and land, as well as consuming digital output (digital exclusion). We show that, depending on the magnitude of the factor intensities, the accumulation of A&AI capital may negatively affect the income of the excluded group, who provide unskilled labor, or the owners of land. In doing so, we bring out the conflict of interests that may arise between the owners of A&AI capital and other groups within society, which has implications for the pressure that exists to slow down the adoption of A&AI in an economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lived realities of Judean landholders during the exilic and postexilic periods, as these realities are documented in Akkadian and Aramaic extrabiblical sources, should inform the interpretation of Isa 60:21. The verse promises permanent possession of the land by assuring success against legal challenges. The Judeans' status as tenants on land governed and held by dominant foreign powers gives this verse particular significance. Apart from allaying general concerns attendant upon landholding, the verse may allude to the problem of transgenerational land inheritance. Most broadly, the verse offers permanent possession as a response to the reality of tenancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent scholarship has found that Mexico's dirty war was rooted in existing, but also limited, violent practices established during the 1940s and 1950s. During the 1960s, these limits began to disappear. But it was not until the early 1970s when the state had sufficient capacity to launch counterinsurgency tactics throughout the nation. However, contrary to traditional appreciations of Mexico's dirty war, these tactics were not exclusively used on urban and rural insurgents. They were soon employed by soldiers, secret agents and state cops often in alliance with local landowners and their pistoleros. They focused these violent practices on land invaders, groups aiming at indigenous autonomy, drug traffickers and drug producers. La tibieza ya se acabó, esto es una guerra a muerte (The softly‐softly approach is over, this is a war to the death) Durazo Moreno, April 1977. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The clearing of native vegetation on private agricultural land has contributed greatly to the loss of ecosystems and biodiversity worldwide. Native vegetation on private land may be cleared for a variety of reasons, of which the expansion of agriculture is only one. In this study, we investigate how the clearing of native vegetation on private land is influenced by (1) the utilitarian, social and hedonic objectives of landholders and (2) the way in which the presence of native vegetation interacts with the farm system to contribute to, or detract from, achieving those objectives. Using data from a survey of agricultural landholders in New South Wales, Australia, we found that the landholders' management of native vegetation was strongly influenced by their perceptions of the opportunities and threats the native vegetation on their properties presented to them. The implications are drawn for predicting the clearing of native vegetation and designing effective policy interventions to influence the extent of clearing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the Premarch era, the provincial diets in Prussia did not gain much reputation as political institutions of influence. All the deputies were land owners and as such represented only a small fraction of the Prussian population. Even more, the nobility clearly dominated the estate assemblies, while town representatives and peasants were eager to have a say, too. The paper argues, however, that the diets of all eight Prussian provinces struggled to subsequently win general esteem and a politicized self-image. Although they debated mostly local and regional matters, they can be interpreted as protoparliamentary. In this regard, the most important issue involved was the emancipation of the Jews. During the 1820s and 1830s, all classes of property owners were united by a religious and economical prejudice against the Jews. Only during the 1840s, at least some representatives welcomed civil equality of the Jews. The common fight against Jewish emancipation helped to shape a political consciousness prior to the revolution of 1848. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conservation easements are supposed to place protections on land forever. But that requires a responsible party to forever monitor and enforce the easement's terms. Monitoring and enforcement require resources, and someone has to provide those resources. Today, landowners who are donating or selling conservation easements to land trusts are often required to contribute funds for the future management of the easement, including a land trust's general operating costs. If the conservation easement itself is donated, its value can be deducted as a charitable contribution for income tax purposes. But it is less clear whether other required payments for monitoring and enforcement of the easement can also be deducted as charitable contributions. Charitable deductibility is determined in a holistic, case-by-case analysis by the IRS and courts. Existing guidance is therefore vague, and experts are reluctant to make anything resembling substantial predictions. This note serves to fill in some of the gaps resulting from that vagueness. The short answer is: yes, so long as a conservation easement transaction is not considered quid pro quo, landowners can deduct their required contributions to land trusts for the future monitoring and enforcement of conservation easements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The legal basis for assessing a default case is Article 1238 of the Civil Code which explains that a default occurs when the debtor does not fulfill its obligations according to the agreement. A tort lawsuit is a civil lawsuit that refers to default in an agreement and is submitted through a lawsuit letter, where letter evidence has an important role in proving the claim. In the decision of this case, the court considers the evidence and suitability between the claim and the relevant legal basis for making a decision in the case. Factors such as the location of the collateral object, differences in the name of the landowner, and the clarity of the goods auctioned are the main considerations in determining the granting of the lawsuit and the rejection of the application for auction of collateral. The results showed that the Source District Court used Article 1238 of the Civil Code as a legal basis in assessing cases of default in the sale and purchase agreement of agricultural facilities, with a letter of agreement as the main evidence. The factors that caused some of the Plaintiff's claims to be granted and some of the Defendants' requests for auction of debt collateral were the discrepancy between the description of the lawsuit and the evidence of the letter submitted, especially regarding the location of the collateral object, differences in the name of the landowner, and the vagueness of the goods to be auctioned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]