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[Objective] As an innovative way of regulating territorial space, the planning of flexible space is of great significance for improving the scientific quality and effectiveness of spatial planning, and reducing the disturbance and impact of uncertain factors. This study aimed to explore the delineation of land use layout flexible space under uncertain conditions. [Methods] The study took Xuzhou City, a typical resource-based city, as an example. First, an interval optimization model was used to obtain the flexible quantity interval of various land use types. Then, the upper and lower limits of the interval served as the quantity demand to import the PLUS model to simulate the spatial layout of various land use types, and the difference between the two simulated layouts was designated as flexible space. [Results] The results show that: (1) There are differences in the size of the flexible quantity interval of each land use type, among which land use types that contribute more to addressing future uncertainty are rural residential land, farmland, water, urban industrial and mining land, while the smaller ones are grassland and bare land. (2) The flexible space distribution of various land use types shows a certain pattern, and the flexible space of farmland is concentrated in the hotspots of land use change around urban and rural areas, the flexible space of garden plot and woodland is distributed in suitable growth areas such as river banks and low hills, and the flexible space of urban industrial and mining land and rural residential land is mainly distributed in the outer edge areas of their original scope. (3) Based on the flexible space of each land use type, the land types were merged according to the zoning function of the planning, and the conflicting parts of the flexible space were processed according to the suitability to obtain the flexible space of different spatial planning zones. Among them, the flexible space areas of agricultural production zones, ecological protection zones, urban construction zones, and rural development zones account for 1.74%, 0.20%, 1.09%, and 3.31% of the total area, respectively. [Conclusion] The probability distribution of possible conflicts in land use space is the prerequisite for the delineation of flexible space. It is necessary to delineate flexible space of land use layout from an uncertain perspective. Based on interval optimization and PLUS model, the delineation method of flexible space proposed in this study seems feasible, which can provide support for planning decisions.

The development of cities and their industries is constrained by the water-energy-food nexus (WEF nexus) formed under certain biophysical conditions. Urban-scale WEF nexus research is very different from macroscale (global or national) research. There is a need for quantitative optimization of several economic sectors, as well as spatial heterogeneity of resource endowments, to develop policies that are distinctive for different levels of endowments. Currently, China is implementing Territorial Spatial Planning (TSP) at all administrative levels throughout the country. Its theoretical basis is to realize the overall management of urban ecological protection land, urban expansion, and industrial growth by measuring the resource carrying capacity and land development suitability of each plot. This provides an opportunity to explore the interconnections between WEF nexus at urban scale by examining the wide range of urban resource availability. Here, we propose the WEF-TSP framework, which helps to realize the multi-objective development needs of regional ecological protection, urban expansion, agricultural development, and energy production in a certain city and provides a decision-making basis for future urban land spatial planning. Ordos, a city in China recognized for its significant energy reserves, has been selected as the subject of a case study. Combined with the spatial heterogeneity of Ordos's resource endowment and focusing on the strong constraints of water resources and ecological protection, this study explores the urban land spatial layout scheme of Ordos in 2030 under different energy development scenarios. It can also provide a reference for other cities in China and even the world to study the spatial layout of urban land use and industrial development based on the WEF nexus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Faced with the background of natural resources integration and the more complex land use structure, it is difficult to effectively meet the demand for rational land use planning with a single land use structure optimization method. Considering the objectives of sustainable utilization of land use, ecological civilization, rural development, and urban- rural integration, we constructed an integrated system for land use structure and layout optimization, which will play a positive role in improving the applicability of planning. This study first sets three scenarios of natural evolution, economic priority, and ecological priority, and then uses the MOP model (multi-objective planning model) to calculate the optimal land use structure under different scenarios. Finally, it can carry on land use layout optimization based on the GeoSOSFLUS model in 2030, Jintan district, Jiangsu province, China. Results show that, by integrating the MOP and GeoSOS- FLUS models and adopting the "Structure + Constraint + Layout + Criterion" approach to optimize the land use structure and layout in the county, it is conducive to optimize the quantitative land use structure and improve the land use spatial distribution; from the results of the case analysis, the area of industrial and mining land in cities and towns has increased by 39% and 95% under the natural evolution and economic efficiency priority scenarios; the forest land has increased by 40% under the eco-efficiency priority scenario; rural settlements decreased by 33%, 66% and 66%, respectively in the three scenarios. Under the three development scenarios, the spatial pattern will face the two-level differentiation of urban space and ecological space. In the later period of regional development, it is necessary to strengthen the coordinated development of urban and rural land use and ecological protection, and promote a balanced spatial distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Land policy plays an important role in urban development planning. The value of land use depends on the nature and scale of urban land use. Based on this, in the study and analysis, the adaptation between regional land finance and urban planning and construction was discussed. First of all, the current incoordination between the land policy and the urban planning and construction in the development of urbanization was elaborated, and the status quo of the research was analyzed; then, the coordination of the layout of the urban planning space under the land finance was analyzed; taking a small-town project as an example, the actual planning of towns was concretely analyzed, and the waterfront landscape was planned and designed, the functional utilization of the land was promoted. Regression analysis of adaptation confirmed the success of urban planning and construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]