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The article presents an old find of a grave good from Turza Wielka. It is a ceramic object that imitates a Roman oil lamp. The find has so far gone unnoticed by researchers, but is analyzed in more detail here. The burial context, cultural position, dating and possible Roman parallels will be worked out. The use of oil lamps in the Roman Empire and theoretical concepts are used to interpret the imitated oil lamp and their conclusiveness with regard to the find is examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Temporal light modulation and its potential adverse visual effects on human observers, collectively known as temporal light artefacts (TLAs), have been limited by the European Union Ecodesign regulation. Limitations on two key TLA metrics, flicker and stroboscopic effect, were introduced in September 2021. This study analyses the impact of this regulation on commercial LED lamps by measuring multiple different consumer-grade LED E27 retrofit lamps by several manufacturers before and after the regulation. The lamps purchased after the Ecodesign regulation seem to favour a certain type of LED driver that provides the best TLA behaviour of all lamp types. The regulation, with respect to TLA, has resulted in the replacement of ill-behaving lamp types in the market by newer lamps with better TLA characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this review paper, information about bicycle lamp technical parameters is provided. The review is based on the searched Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus bibliographic databases and Transportation Research Information Services, which include references to books, technical reports, conference proceedings, and journal articles. This review showed that these papers about bicycle lighting legal rules in given countries are very easy to reach, but deep searching must be performed to find this research paper having the information about types of optical systems and light sources used in bicycle lamps. This research was conducted using PRISMA 2020 assumptions in the area of bicycle lighting technologies and innovations. The information about bicycle lamp technical parameters was obtained on the basis of the examination of technical documents and papers from high-impact journals. The author's review shows that contemporary bicycle lamps are becoming increasingly smarter and more energy efficient, while also enhancing safety and comfort for cyclists on their routes in and beyond urban environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a simple and rapid nucleic acid method for DNA amplification at a constant temperature. The "gold standard" culture method for yeast detection, has low sensitivity with severe consequences, increasing morbidity and mortality rates. Here, we report the development of a LAMP method for the specific detection of C. glabrata. Methodology: The specific LAMP primers for C. glabrata detection were designed and evaluated. Results: The LAMP assay accurately detected C. glabrata with no cross-reactivity with other Candida species. Conclusion: The developed molecular method would be a promising tool in the management of invasive candidiasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: It is common to hear talk of 'responders' and 'non‐responders' with respect to myopia control interventions. We consider the reality of distinguishing these sub‐groups using data from the first year of the Low‐concentration Atropine for Myopia Progression (LAMP) study. Methods: The first year of the LAMP study was a robustly designed, placebo‐controlled trial of three different low concentrations of atropine using a large sample size (N > 100 randomised to each group). The authors subsequently published mean axial elongation and myopia progression rates by age group. We used these data to calculate efficacy in terms of both absolute reduction in myopic progression and absolute reduction in axial elongation for each of the different atropine concentrations at each age group. We then compared these efficacy data to the overall progression for each of the two progression metrics. Results: Plotting efficacy as a function of overall myopia progression and axial elongation for each of the different atropine concentrations demonstrates the invariant nature of efficacy, in terms of clinically meaningful reduction in progression, despite a substantial range of underlying overall progression. That is, faster progressors—the so‐called non‐responders—achieved similar reduction in axial elongation and myopia progression as the slower progressors—the so‐called responders—within the various atropine treatment groups. Conclusion: The use of the terms, responders and non‐responders, during myopia progression interventions is not supported by evidence. Those designated as such may simply be slower or faster progressors, who, on average achieve the same benefit from treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses unresolved issues in the study of the enigmatic iconography of the Etruscan bronze lamp of Cortona. Drawing upon literary sources and additional iconographic evidence, issues with previous interpretations of the lamp will be discussed. Subsequently, new identities are proposed for the key figures on the lamp, concluding that its iconography is a manifestation of Dionysian thiasus and that the lamp was a cult object associated with the mystery cult of Dionysus. This paper will also contribute to the refutation of the concept of "Dionysism without Dionysus" in Archaic Etruria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a pathogen of critical priority importance according to the WHO. Due to its multi-resistance and expression of various virulence factors, it is the causal agent of severe healthcare-acquired infections (HAIs). Effective strategies to control infections caused by P. aeruginosa must include early and specific detection of the pathogen for early and timely antibiotic prescription. The need to develop a specific and reproducible diagnostic technique is urgent, which must often be more sensitive and faster than current clinical diagnostic methods. In this study, we implement and standardize the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique, coupled with the reverse line blot hybridization (RLBH) technique for the detection of P. aeruginosa. A set of primers and probes was designed to amplify a specific region of the P. aeruginosa 16s rRNA gene. The sensitivity of the LAMP-RLBH method was 3 × 10−4 ng/μL, 1000 times more sensitive than the PCR and LAMP technique (this work), with a sensitivity of 3 × 10−3 ng/μL. The LAMP-RLBH and LAMP techniques showed specific amplification and no cross-reaction with members of the ESKAPE group and other Pseudomonas species. The present investigation provides a technique that can be easily performed in less time, achieving a faster and more reliable alternative compared to traditional microbial diagnostic methods for the detection of P. aeruginosa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies one- and two-dimensional lamp location problems considering system reliability. Within the system, several identical lamps are used to cover the system service area, and each lamp can cover a circular area. Lamps could be working or fail, and the system works when working lamps can cover the entire system. System reliability is defined as the probability that the whole area is covered. To check the system state, the Voronoi diagram is used, and the signature method is applied to calculate the system reliability. The primary contribution involves applying a redundancy-based heuristic location strategy to optimize system reliability in lamp system. In method evaluation, the proposed method is compared with other location methods. A genetic algorithm (GA) that employs heuristic solutions as initial input to access the heuristic performance is designed. Finally, numerical experiments suggesting the heuristic method provide a pseudo-optimal solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Visible‐to‐ultraviolet (UV) upconversion provides a fascinating strategy to achieve deep UV emission through readily accessible visible light. However, the intensity of deep UV emission obtained through visible‐to‐UV upconversion progress is still far from satisfactory, severely constraining its practical applications. Herein, a novel class of praseodymium ion (Pr3+)‐doped rare‐earth oxyhalides (YOCl, YOBr, and LuOBr) to achieve efficient upconverted deep UV emission in the spectral range of 250–350 nm is developed. The upconverted UV emission intensity of LuOBr:Pr3+ is determined to be 56.7 times stronger than that of the well‐established Lu7O6F9:Pr3+. When employed as a photon‐converter to activate photocatalytic water splitting reactions, upconverted deep UV emission enables H2 generation under visible light (λ > 420 nm) excitation from a xenon lamp. The efficient deep UV upconversion stems from tuning 4f15d1 state of Pr3+ by oxyhalide constituent which both facilitates the absorption of excitation photons in long‐lived intermediate 4f2 states and suppress the probability of nonradiative relaxation from 4f15d1 state. These findings not only provide new insights into a mechanistic understanding of the host effect on upconversion process but also make a breakthrough in developing efficient deep upconversion materials that will expand their further applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The resurgence of two bed bug species, the common bed bug (Cimex lectularius Linnaeus, 1758) and tropical bed bug (Cimex hemipterus Fabricius, 1803), in the same geographical regions has been frequently reported recently. Consequently, the rapid identification of these species is crucial for implementing targeted capture traps and tailored pyrethroid resistance diagnosis, due to differences in genetic and physiological traits. Methods: To develop molecular diagnostic methods, distinct protocols were established for multiplex PCR and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) using species-specific primers based on species-specific segments of internal transcribed spacer 2 sequences. These methods were optimized for rapid and accurate identification of the two bed bug species. Results: Both multiplex PCR and LAMP protocols were effective in simultaneously identifying the two bed bug species, even when utilizing DNA released from dead specimens. Notably, the straightforward procedure and minimal time commitment of LAMP suggest its potential for rapid and accurate diagnosis of bed bugs in the field. The diagnostic accuracy of these methods was validated through a blind test. Conclusions: The multiplex PCR and LAMP protocols lay the foundation for rapid and accurate field identification of bed bug species, enabling the use of appropriate traps and the detection of species-specific pyrethroid resistance mutations. This approach ensures effective management tailored to the unique characteristics of each bed bug species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the detection accuracy of vehicles and pedestrians in traffic scenes using object detection algorithms, this paper presents modifications, compression, and deployment of the single-stage typical algorithm YOLOv7-tiny. In the model improvement section: firstly, to address the problem of small object missed detection, shallower feature layer information is incorporated into the original feature fusion branch, forming a four-scale detection head; secondly, a Multi-Stage Feature Fusion (MSFF) module is proposed to fully integrate shallow, middle, and deep feature information to extract more comprehensive small object information. In the model compression section: the Layer-Adaptive Magnitude-based Pruning (LAMP) algorithm and the Torch-Pruning library are combined, setting different pruning rates for the improved model. In the model deployment section: the V7-tiny-P2-MSFF model, pruned by 45% using LAMP, is deployed on the embedded platform NVIDIA Jetson AGX Xavier. Experimental results show that the improved and pruned model achieves a 12.3% increase in mAP@0.5 compared to the original model, with parameter volume, computation volume, and model size reduced by 76.74%, 7.57%, and 70.94%, respectively. Moreover, the inference speed of a single image for the pruned and quantized model deployed on Xavier is 9.5 ms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) as an engineering control against pathogenic microbes necessitates a clear understanding of operational parameters and environmental effects on inactivation rates. Here, we investigated the variation laws of ultraviolet‐C (UV‐C) irradiance under the influence of distance, ambient conditions of temperature, and relative humidity (RH) in a dark chamber using 30‐W low‐pressure mercury lamps, and all data were analyzed with curve fitting methods. UV‐C irradiances in each plane were measured as the distance adjusting between 0.5 and 1.2 m, and a threshold of 70 μW/cm2 was utilized to calculate the effective irradiation area. For the temperature and RH, UV‐C irradiances were measured at 1 m perpendicular from the lamp axis at the lamp midpoint, with the ambient temperature increasing from 15.5°C to 40°C and RH adjusting from 10% to 97%. Results showed that the UV‐C irradiance and effective irradiation area exhibited a notable decrease as the distance increased, both corresponded to polynomial 2nd order fits. The UV‐C lamps operate at maximum efficiency at 20°C. Temperature above or below the optimum value will decrease UV output, especially when the ambient temperature exceeds 38°C and the irradiance decreases by 16% compared to the observed maximum. However, the impact of RH on radiant power is negligible with the UV‐C irradiance maintaining an overall steady state (84–91 μW/cm2) in the 10%–97% RH range. The use of the measurement and modeling techniques demonstrated in this study may help understand various ambient conditions that influence the irradiance of UV‐C and improve reliability and working performance of UVGI systems through better design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study compares Yahya Haqqi's Qindīl Umm Hāshim with Mahmoud Badawi's English translation, The Saint's Lamp, by analysing recurring shifts in style between the two editions. The major stylistic features used by Haqqi in Qindīl Umm Hāshim and translated into English by M. M. Badawi, are divided into three distinct categories: use of the historical present, use of passive voice, and the use of scenic mode of presentation. These stylistic features imbue the Arabic original with meaning; when the translation deviates from the original's style, the translation's meaning is distorted. This study analyses those deviations, concluding that the inadequacies of Badawi's translation are due to not replicating the vividness and immediacy of the Arabic original, the passivity of characters, and the voice of the original speaking character. Thus, these shifts not only affect the dramatic structure of the novel but also change the reception of ideas and themes in the translation language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Inexpensive mercury lamps were adopted to sterilize refrigerator compartments. • Both UVC irradiance and inactivation of E. coli were measured. • Impacts of low temperature and humidity on the UVC output were examined. • CFD modeling was used to aid positioning of multiple UVC lamps. Household refrigerator compartments and cold chain systems are highly susceptible to microbial contamination. To minimize the surface-contact disease transmission, low-temperature surfaces must be inactivated. Currently, there is no environmentally friendly and convenient means for surface sterilization at low temperatures. This investigation proposed the use of low-pressure mercury lamps to sterilize the bottom surface of a refrigerator. The mercury lamps emitted UVC irradiation and were mounted horizontally on the sidewalls of the refrigerator compartment to inactivate Escherichia coli (E. coli) on the bottom surface. The measured irradiances and E. coli inactivation efficiencies were used to validate the surface-to-surface (S2S) model. The impacts of the refrigeration temperature (20 °C, 4 °C, and −18 °C, respectively) on the UVC output and E. coli sterilization efficiency were evaluated. And so did for the impacts of the relative humidity (ranging from 45 % to 85 % at 4 °C). The required time for operation of the UVC lamps to reach a 3-log reduction in E. coli was calculated for different lamp placements. The results revealed that the UVC emission of low-pressure mercury lamps decreases remarkably with the temperature. The necessary UVC irradiation dose to achieve the same inactivation efficiency increases as the temperature decreases. To extend the operating life of UVC lamps, the installed lamps should make the irradiance distribution on the target surface as uniform as possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial sunlight is a heat source in solar collector testing, where the light intensity and ambient conditions are controlled to provide uniformity in each test. In this study, twenty-five tungsten halogen lamps of 300 W 220 V were investigated for possible usage as the heat source. The experiment was conducted by varying the height of the lamps to the light field (Hd). The EN-12975-2 Standard was used to control the quality of the heat source on the light field. The results showed that the average light intensity (Iavg) decreased with an increase in Hd. When Hd was low, the %uniformity values (%uxy) met the criteria. The small light field area met the EN-12975-2 Standard better than the large area. A comparison of solar collector testing under a heat source from tungsten halogen lamps and natural sunlight was subsequently performed, and the experimental results were in accordance with the EN-12975-2 Standard. A single-channel flat plate solar collector was used as the test device and air was used as the working fluid. The experimental results revealed that the solar collector thermal efficiency (ηavg) trends were similar for both the heat source from tungsten halogen lamps and natural sunlight testing. A low %uxy resulted in a ηavg that was more similar to that of natural sunlight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mercury spectrum lamp is an important part of Mercury Atomic Frequency Standard (MAFS), which is used for light pumping and state detection. It may limit the stability and the signal-to-noise ratio performance in MAFS. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate mercury spectrum lamp can work under an optimum mode by controlling the cold end temperature of the lamp. It is found the maximum radiation intensity at 194 nm and the minimal 254 nm/194 nm ratio can be achieved simultaneously at about 55∘C. The minimal 254 nm/194 nm is about 24, which is an order of magnitude lower than the case in common. Meanwhile, the effect of RF excitation power on 254 nm/194 nm ratio and the self-absorption phenomenon of 254 nm are also investigated. The result demonstrates RF excitation power has a stronger influence on the light intensity of 194 nm than on that of 254 nm. These experimental results could shed light on later fluorescence detection experiment in MAFS and other lamp-based applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents research on the development history as well as on the materials and techniques of technical installations with gas discharge lamps, colloquially known as ‘neon’ systems, in the former German Democratic Republic (GDR). Taking into account changes in materials, design, and technology between the 1950s and the 1980s, the findings also form the basis for the practical art-technological examination and evaluation of the examples still in existence. The majority of these objects have disappeared since the 1990s; the remainder are still acutely endangered today, due to progress in lighting technology and the current highly invasive repair practices. In this paper, a systematic examination case study is presented and discussed for the first time. The Poliklinik lettering under consideration is located on the façade of today's Medical Centre in the Hanseatic city of Stralsund and dates back to the second half of the 1950s. After more than 60 years of exposure to the elements, it appeared as an authentically aged, completely original example of the object group. A substance-careful concept for in situ examination was developed that did not require the fragile structure to be dismantled. The concept presented here is generally applicable to other objects with gas discharge lamps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to the problem of poor accuracy and the large model size in transmission line foreign object detection, an improved YOLOv7- tiny algorithm based on channel pruning has been proposed. Firstly, the ReXNet network is used to replace the backbone network of YOLOv7-tiny to address the feature bottleneck issue in the original network. Secondly, diversified branch blocks are introduced to enhance the network's feature fusion capability. Finally, through layer-adaptive magnitude-based pruning (LAMP), a pruning approach is employed to trade off some accuracy for a reduction in model size and computational load, preparing it for deployment on embedded devices. Experimental results indicate that the final improved model achieves a 3 percentage points increase in accuracy compared to the YOLOv7-tiny model, a 119.4% increase in FPS, and compresses the model size to 14% of the original size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2018–2019 excavation of the basilica church at Machkhomeri yielded a rich assemblage of glass vessels, most of which are believed to belong to 6th century AD lamps. These were dumped into an annexed funerary chapel when the church was restructured to become a single-hall building. Glass lamps are well-known occurrences in late antique contexts across the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. However, the finds from the southwest Caucasus have often been neglected. The scope of this contribution is to present the glass finds from Machkhomeri. A collection of wick-holders for glass lamps retrieved in close stratigraphic proximity to the glass assemblage will also be described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nuova luce da Pompei (New Light from Pompeii) explored the role of artificial light in the lives of ancient Romans. In addition to presenting 180 rarely seen bronzes from Pompeii, including lamps, candelabra, and elegant statues that held lamps, the exhibition demonstrated the effects and meanings these lighting devices generated. Clearly, Roman lamps have lost their agency, presented as objects in museums or in photographs—a problem addressed by encouraging visitors to handle replicas of lamps and to light them virtually. In a virtual reality recreation of the triclinium of the House of Polybius, visitors could use a torch to light lamps and see what they could reveal—or fail to reveal. Videos of elaborate lamps with figures standing on their oil holes were particularly noteworthy, demonstrating their potential for "shadow play." In addition to plumbing the meanings of the astonishingly varied imagery, the show investigated bronze metallurgy and modern conservation, as well as the role lamps played in the convivium, cult, nighttime pursuits, and commerce. A section on the creation of pastiches and copies evoked the antiquarian culture sparked by the discovery of Pompeii and Herculaneum. In its Rome venue, curators added a roomful of rarely seen objects from Rome's former Antiquarium Comunale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the potential application of loop-mediated isothermal amplification technology (LAMP) in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods: The clinical data of 305 patients with suspected tuberculosis admitted to Baoding Second Central Hospital from June 2020 to June 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Based on the pathological results, the non-tuberculosis group (123 cases) and tuberculosis group (182 cases) were included. The sputum samples with different traits, using modified Roche culture method, smear acid stain method and LAMP detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Results: Compared with the smear acid-fast staining method and the improved Roche culture method, the positive rate of LAMP samples was relatively high, and the positive rate of LAMP samples with cheese sputum was relatively high compared with other samples. The results of acid-fast staining showed that 80 cases were positive, 119 cases were negative, 4 cases were misdiagnosed and 102 cases were missed. The results of modified Roche culture showed that 104 cases were positive, 120 cases were negative, 3 cases were misdiagnosed and 78 cases were missed. LAMP results showed that 135 cases were positive, 121 cases were negative, 2 cases were misdiagnosed and 47 cases were missed. Compared with smear acid staining method and modified Roche culture method, the sensitivity, negative predictive value, accuracy and area under the curve (AUC) value of LAMP examination were relatively high, in which the sensitivity, accuracy and AUC value of smear acid staining method were lower than those of modified Roche culture method (P<0.05). Conclusion: LAMP technique was beneficial to the identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in various trait samples, and had high diagnostic sensitivity, negative predictive value and accuracy for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum samples, which had higher diagnostic value for pulmonary tuberculosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Materials that make light-emitting diodes brighter and less power hungry open exciting new applications for semiconductor lamps. The emergence of high brightness emitters – with a number of advantages over conventional incandescent bulbs and halogen lamps – opened new markets to visible LEDs. White LEDs (WLEDs) are penetrating the portable and low wattage lighting market where ruggedness and compact source size are valued. Even though WLEDs may have a very long life, poorly designed WLED lighting systems can experience a short life. No industry standard exists for brightness levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper discusses the lamps discovered during the excavations carried out on the site from V. Deleu Street, a residential area situated in the northern end of Roman Napoca. The excavations brought to light an urban residential area, which was established immediately after the birth of the Roman province and was inhabited until its abandonment in the latter half of the 3rd century AD. A small part of the lychnological material resulting from the excavations was included in C. A. Roman's unpublished thesis on the Roman lighting equipment in Dacia Porolissensis (16 out of the 49 pieces), the greater part of the assemblage being unpublished. The present paper discusses the lighting devices discovered on the site, focusing on their provenance, chronology and aspects related to their use within the site. The changes recorded in the composition of the lighting instrument assemblages throughout the habitation phases of the site outline interesting transformations in the patterns of consumption and perhaps human mobility. The current contribution is part of a wider effort intended to deal with the unpublished lighting devices from the Roman city of Napoca. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the diagnostic efficacy of multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Mycobacterium leprae-specific repetitive element (RLEP) PCR and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) PCR in the diagnosis of pediatric leprosy as an alternative to slit-skin smear (SSS) examination. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on 26 children aged 0–18 years with characteristic skin lesions of leprosy. SSS examination for acid fast bacilli (AFB) was performed for all children. Additionally, urine, stool and blood samples were tested by three PCR techniques - multiplex, RLEP and LAMP. The results of these tests were compared with each other and with results of SSS examination for acid fast bacilli (AFB) using appropriate statistical tests. Results: Out of 26 patients studied, SSS examination was positive for AFB in 7 cases (26.9%). In blood samples, the positivity of multiplex PCR, RLEP PCR and LAMP PCR was 84.6%, 80.8%, and 80.8%, respectively. Multiplex PCR in blood samples was positive in 100% (n = 7) of SSS positive cases and 84.2% (16 out of 19) of the SSS negative cases (P < 0.001). The positivity of all PCR methods in urine and stool samples was significantly lesser than in blood. Conclusion: Multiplex PCR in blood sample is a superior diagnostic tool for pediatric leprosy compared to RLEP PCR and LAMP PCR as well as SSS examination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two studies were conducted to investigate the impact of fresh pork display lamps on consumers' sensory responses to pork products. In the first experiment, 63 participants were asked to evaluate pork products with different degrees of freshness under four fresh pork display lights and two LED lights. In the other experiment, 30 subjects participated in the Farnsworth–Munsell 100 hue test under the same lamps, with the aim of showing whether the fresh pork display lamps impaired color discrimination. The results showed that the light source had a significant effect on the color appearance evaluation of the pork products. The ratings for perceived freshness under the fresh pork display lamps were significantly higher than those of ordinary LED lamps, while the color discrimination performance of the subjects under those lamps was poor. It was demonstrated that improper component proportions of the light spectrum could influence observers' assessment of meat quality and weaken the observers' ability to distinguish the freshness level. Through this study, the authors would like to remind lamp users and manufacturers to not only be concerned about the improvement in the color appearance of pork, but also the need for consumers to be aware of the authentic freshness of the pork products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heat generated from the bulb of an automotive lamp is transferred to the lamp reflector and lens through a heat-transfer mechanism. If the heat transferred to the reflector and lens exceeds the heat resistance limit of the materials used in their production, the materials deform. Therefore, lamp designers must design lamps within a limited range. If the lamp fails the heat resistance test after the design and pilot model production, the design process must be restarted. Redesigning requires significant time and costs. Therefore, a temperature-prediction algorithm for a single-function lamp during the initial design stage was developed in a previous study. In this study, a multifunction temperature-prediction algorithm with two or more heat sources was developed to predict the temperature of lamps of various shapes. The focus length based on the parabolic shape of the bulb installation surface and corner slope values near the lens were used to reflect the actual shape of the lamp. The introduction of the effective area improved the accuracy of the temperature prediction for the upper surface, which was strongly influenced by convection. The performance of the developed algorithm was evaluated by comparison with the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results of an actual lamp model. Consequently, it was confirmed that the newly developed best prediction algorithm can be effectively applied to new automotive lamp designs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluates the current viability of ChatGPT as a research tool in lychnology, a discipline of archaeology focusing on the study of light use and lamps in antiquity. Prompts applicable to a common cultural heritage artifact group—the Roman clay oil lamp—were entered in ChatGPT to test its capabilities in compiling, categorizing, describing, and identifying lamp types, and to assess how accurate, detailed, and knowledgeable its responses would be. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

An inorganic, high‐temperature (≈600 °C) thermochromic sensor is synthesized from a chemically bonded ceramic composite. The ceramic composite is composed of thermochromic 10 wt% chromium‐doped alumina (Cr:Al2O3) powder blended with a low‐reacting temperature (around 250 °C) phosphate binder, Al(H2PO4)3, (aluminum dihydrogen phosphate [ADP]). Cr‐doped alumina exhibits thermochromism at high temperatures, typically around 500–600 °C. Previously, infrared (IR) irradiation has been used to successfully convert ADP to an aluminum phosphate (AlPO4) ceramic phase that can bind ceramic components together. Here, an ultrahigh‐power (tens of kilowatts per square centimeter) flash lamp annealing (FLA) system is evaluated as an alternative photonic heating process to rapidly transform ADP to this ceramic. While IR lamps require 30 min to fully transform the ADP binder, FLA processes require less than 1 min and provide more dense microstructures, opening opportunities to additively manufacture ceramic components without the need for a post‐processing heating step. Final ceramics exhibit reversible thermochromic behavior, transitioning from pink to dark gray as the temperature increases from 25 to 600 °C. Here, the ability to use this technology to fabricate a temperature warning system for heated objects that are not yet emitting significant visible black‐body radiation is demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review describes the recent progress of floating-zone techniques for bulk single-crystal growth. The most crucial point of the crucible-free technique is to keep the molten zone stable. It has been investigated and reported to yield a steeper temperature gradient at the liquid–solid interface along the growth direction and a homogeneous molten liquid along the rotation axis. This article overviews several recent achievements starting from the conventional setup, particularly for lamps equipped in horizontal or vertical configurations, tilting mirrors, shielding the irradiation, and filament sizes for the optical-lamp floating-zone furnaces. Also, the recently advancing laser-heated floating-zone furnaces are described. Throughout the article, the author emphasizes that the floating-zone technique has been a powerful tool for crystal growth since the 1950s with its roots in the zone-melting method, and it has still been advancing for further materials' growth such as quantum materials with modern scientific concepts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing robust professional networks can help shape the trajectories of early career scientists. Yet, historical inequities in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields make access to these networks highly variable across academic programmes, and senior academics often have little time for mentoring. Here, we illustrate the success of a virtual Laboratory Meeting Programme (LaMP). In this programme, we matched students (mentees) with a more experienced scientist (mentors) from a research group. The mentees then attended the mentors' laboratory meetings during the academic year with two laboratory meetings specifically dedicated to the mentee's professional development. Survey results indicate that mentees expanded their knowledge of the hidden curriculum as well as their professional network, while only requiring a few extra hours of their mentor's time over eight months. In addition, host laboratories benefitted from mentees sharing new perspectives and knowledge in laboratory meetings. Diversity of the mentees was significantly higher than the mentors, suggesting that the programme increased the participation of traditionally under-represented groups. Finally, we found that providing a stipend was very important to many mentees. We conclude that virtual LaMPs can be an inclusive and cost-effective way to foster trainee development and increase diversity within STEM fields with little additional time commitment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An unmanned surface vehicle (USV) with a fish attraction lamp was developed to assist in the nighttime operations of a Japanese purse seine fishery. The USV weighs about 15 kg, is equipped with a 200 W underwater light-emitting diode (LED), and can be radio-controlled to move on the sea surface. The purse seiner shoots a net to surround the lighting boat to catch fish gathered by fish attraction lamps. The USV was deployed on the sea surface from the purse seiner during the net-hauling operation and replaced the lighting boat to continue fish attraction after shooting the net. The time required for each operation using the USV and conventional lighting boat operations was compared, and it was found that the time required for the lighting boat for fish attraction after shooting the net was reduced by about 10 min per haul when the USV was used. On the other hand, the time required by the purse seiner to shoot and haul the net and the catch amount did not change. The USV can contribute to time savings in operation and safety improvements in the purse seine fishery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In previous studies, the 308‐nm light‐emitting diode (LED) has been proven safe and effective for treating vitiligo. However, direct comparisons between the 308‐nm LED and 308‐nm excimer lamp (308‐nm MEL) for the treatment of vitiligo are lacking. Objective: To compare the efficacy of the 308‐nm LED and 308‐nm MEL for treating nonsegmental stable vitiligo. Patients and Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted between January 2018 and August 2023. Enrolled patients were randomly assigned to either the 308‐nm LED or the 308‐nm MEL groups, both receiving 16 treatment sessions. Adverse events that occurred during the treatment were documented. Results: In total, 269 stable vitiligo patches from 174 patients completed the study. A total of 131 lesions were included in the 308‐nm LED group, and 138 lesions were included in the 308‐nm MEL group. After 16 treatment sessions, 38.17% of the vitiligo patches in the 308‐nm LED group achieved repigmentation of at least 50% versus 38.41% in the 308‐nm MEL group. The two devices exhibited similar results in terms of efficacy for a repigmentation of at least 50% (p =.968). The incidence of adverse effects with the two phototherapy devices was comparable (p =.522). Conclusions: Treatment of vitiligo with the 308‐nm LED had a similar efficacy rate to the 308‐nm MEL, and the incidence of adverse effects was comparable between the two devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sleep is quantitatively described by subdividing polysomnographic records into intervals each of which is allocated to one of the just 5 all-or-nothing variables called "sleep–wake stages". What are the mechanisms governing the establishment of such 5 relatively stable stages and rapid transitions between them? We modeled these stages as resulting from the competing interactions between the mutually inhibiting drives for wake, NREM sleep, and REM sleep that are proposed to work in a similar way as two-, two-, and one-way switch, respectively. The electromechanical counterparts of the stages were visualized as 5 variants of an electrical circuit connecting these switches with three lamps. During W and transient state N1, two sleep switches are switched off, and three lamps are turned off. During other transitions, one of these lamps is turning on after changing in on–off state of one or two of three switches. During transitions to N2, one (N2) lamp is turning on. During the following transitions to N3, one more (N3) lamp is turning on. During transitions from N2 to R, the N2 lamp is turning off, while the R lamp is turning on. Estimates of stage-specific scores on the 1st and 2nd principal components of the electroencephalographic spectra provided empirical evidence for such on–off states of these switches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]