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Categories have gained new centrality in migration studies, highlighting the importance of critically approaching policy labels and considering categories as a lens rather than a pre-determined analytical toolkit. This Special Issue (SI) brings together migration scholars of different disciplinary backgrounds from the Global South and North. This article introduces the SI with a theoretically driven discussion of migration categories, hopefully inspiring further research and orienting newcomers to the field. Current studies have what we term sub-field confinement, one-dimensionality and context-related perspectival limitations. Bridging migration subfields, empirically apprehending the disconnections between policy and experiential dimensions of labelling and de-centring Global North analyses are key to understanding the socio-cultural life of migration categories. Further comparative and interdisciplinary research is necessary, given the topic's rising importance in migration studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Young people's perspectives are not always central to policy and practice in widening participation contexts. This article explores enablers and barriers to educational progression by considering factors that young people suggest influence how they envisage and act on their futures. The underpinning study asked students aged 12–23 in disadvantaged areas of northern England to think about their possible selves using creative methods to encourage dialogue, including an animation and board game co-designed with university students. The findings suggested that students' perceptions of their own futures are influenced by their experiences of being categorised or labelled, both in and out of school, as well as the quality of their relationships with adults and peers. The authors discuss how these factors tended to shape the young people's experiences of being at school, with a view to rethinking labelling and enabling participatory spaces that cultivate the intersecting relationships, influences, structures and self-belief that make a difference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to examine time trends in the ability to correctly identify schizophrenia and major depression within the German general population from 1990 to 2020, as an indicator of changing mental health literacy (MHL). Additionally, we investigated shifts in the use of stigmatizing language. Methods: Our analysis is based on four waves of representative population surveys in Germany in 1990/1993 (West Germany: N = 2044, East Germany: N = 1563), 2001 (N = 5025), 2011 (N = 2455), and 2020 (N = 3042) using identical methodology. Respondents were presented with an unlabelled case vignette describing a person who exhibited symptoms of either schizophrenia or major depression. Participants were then asked to name the problem described in the vignette using an open-ended question. Results: From 1990/1993 to 2020, correct identification of schizophrenia increased from 18% to 34% and from 27% to 46% for major depression. However, derogatory labels remained constant throughout all survey waves, particularly for schizophrenia (19% in 1990/1993 and 18% in 2020). For depression, more trivializing and potentially devaluing statements were recorded. Conclusion: Despite the increasing use of psychiatric terminology among the general population, the persistence of derogatory labels suggests that improved MHL, reflected in higher recognition rates, may not automatically translate into a reduction in stigmatizing language. With depression, a normalization and trivialization of a severe illness could pose new challenges to people with major depression. Dedicated efforts to combat the stigma of severe mental illness are still needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Consumers increasingly prefer lattes using alternative milk from plant-based sources. This study aims to find the factors affecting consumer intention to purchase lattes using alternative milk from plant-based sources and to compare the links between the factors and purchase intentions depending on two labels, "vegan" and "plant-based." An online, scenario-based experiment was conducted with a between-subjects design (plant-based: n=268, vegan: n=265), followed by a survey. In both groups, the results show that the perceived benefits positively affect purchase intention, but the perceived barrier (i.e., vegetarian stigma) did not. Perceived benefits and preference were higher when showing a "plant-based latte" label focusing on the presence of plant-based ingredients than when showing a "vegan latte" label focusing on the absence of animal-based ingredients. For the label "vegan latte," even if consumers are non-vegan, the higher their food curiosity, food snobbery, and food variety-seeking tendency, the higher their purchase intention. It suggests to marketers and menu developers what needs to be highlighted and which consumers to target to boost sales of latte using alternative milk. The findings emphasize the potential for labels to promote the purchase intention of alternative lattes, offering a strategy for changing consumer behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Life without legal metrology is inconceivable, as legal metrology encompasses every sphere of daily life, from eating to safeguarding health to ensuring public safety and the environment. On the other hand, food plays an important role in human life, and the entire civilisation survives on food. Food laws have been developed over the years with the primary objective of providing consumers with safe and nutritious food. Food laws primarily focus on ensuring the safety and quality of consumables, while legal metrology laws govern the accuracy of weights and measures in commercial transactions, including pre-packed food. The intersection of food laws and legal metrology laws in India presents a complex framework that requires careful analysis. This intersection becomes crucial as discrepancies in quantity, labelling, or packaging can impact consumer rights and public health and appropriate declarations on the packaging help the consumer make an informed choice. This comprehensive analysis involves examining how these regulations merge, identifying potential conflicts, and proposing harmonised measures to enhance regulatory efficiency and consumer protection. Balancing the intricacies of both frameworks is essential to creating a robust system that addresses the unique challenges posed by the intersection of food and metrology regulations in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid development of equitably accessible vaccines is paramount in addressing emerging global health challenges. The safety and efficacy of vaccines hinge significantly on their ability to remain stable from manufacturing throughout the supply chain and up to administration. Furthermore, the release of vaccines requires sufficient understanding of the stability profile to allow for expiration dating. In the event of a public health crisis, the time to generate the necessary stability data and the need for rapid product release are in direct opposition. Developing manufacturing platforms with thermostable product formulations for rapid response is therefore key to meeting CEPI's 100 Days Mission goal. This Review aims to highlight the need for stability preparedness through developing thermostable vaccine platforms and exploring innovative stability monitoring strategies that leverage advanced technologies, predictive modelling, and adaptive methodologies. By doing so, we seek to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of stability assessments, supporting rapid development, regulatory approval, and widespread, equal distribution of vaccines—especially in an outbreak scenario. Finally, enhanced thermostability will allow for simplification across the supply chain, which will reduce the financial burden of vaccination programmes and enhance equitable access. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High alert drugs are drugs that have a high percentage of causing risk of harm to patients. To avoid errors, high alert drugs must be used properly, including storage and marking. The objective of this study was determine the safe use of high alert drugs at Arifin Achmad Hospital in Riau Province. This was a descriptive study that included 68 pharmacy officers. A questionnaire was used to collect data, which was the univariately analysed on a computer system. The result showed that the accuracy of the use of high alert drugs based on the 5 principles was in the good category. As many as 65 people (95.6%) were good at the right patient, 67 people (98.5%) were good at the right drug, 66 people (97.1%) were good at the right time of administration, 65 people (95.6%) were good at the right dose, and 66 people (97.1%) were good at the right route of administration. As many as 67 (98.5%) rated the storage safety and labelling of high alert drugs as good. The conclusion of this study is that the implementation of the five rights principle of medication, storage safety and labelling of high alert drugs at Arifin Achmad Hospital in Riau Province has reached a good level.

In the latter half of the twentieth century, particularly in developed countries, a growing awareness of the environmental impact of personal choices—encompassing climate, pollution, land degradation, and biodiversity loss—resulted in an upsurge of environmental labels on goods. Environmental labels play a crucial role in assisting consumers in selecting environmentally superior products, fostering market development towards eco-friendly production systems, and serving as a foundation for product differentiation and increased product value. Despite a growing public interest in environmental quality and climate change, surveys reveal a gap between consumers’ environmental attitudes and actual purchasing behaviour. In addition, concerns about the complexity and cost of certification systems have arisen, with fears of creating market barriers for small producers. This review aims to provide an overview of environmental labelling in the context of animal food products, emphasising social and regulatory aspects, exploring technical considerations of life cycle thinking approaches in certification schemes, and discussing the pros and cons of standardising procedures for the development of multi-dimensional environmental labelling in the animal food sector.

The purpose of developing the colour coding system is to create better awareness and help consumers monitor and understand the sugar content of foods. Our research focused on food products (dairy products and cereal products on the Slovenian market) that contain so-called hidden sugars, as these can cause many health risks. The aim of the study was to raise awareness of the sugar content in dairy products and cereals through a packaging design with a uniform labelling and coding system. During the process of this research, few answers were provided to the following questions: How can a labelling system be designed to be clear and impartial, what is the hierarchy and layout of food information on packaging, and how can the system be coherently integrated with existing packaging? The impact of the information design on the consumer in the food packaging industry, which helps in further execution, was analysed. Based on the research, variants of a multi-colour labelling system were created, differing in primary information graphics, colour, placement and formats. The packaging for an imaginary brand and the placement of the code system were designed. Finally, the packaging design was implemented in the 3D models for each food group. The result of this research is a collection of packaging models with a labelling system that informs consumers about sugar content, facilitates decision-making and helps them control their food intake. The colour-coded labels were applied to the packaging in a uniform and coherent manner, which can provide sufficient attention and information.

The environmental impact of consuming seafood is receiving increasing attention. However, in New Zealand, environmental claims on food products are not regulated in the Food Standards Code. The objective of this study is to describe labelling practices, including environmental claims, on fish and other seafood products available in New Zealand. In total, 369 fish and seafood products from 2022 were analysed from Nutritrack – a database of food products available from major New Zealand supermarkets. For each product, labelling information, as well as the number and type of environmental claims were extracted from archived photographs of all sides of the product packages. Self-declared environmental claims were evaluated against the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 14021:2016 standard for environmental claims. About half (48.4%) of the products did not state the harvest location, 8.7% did not state the processing location and 92.6% did not state the harvest method. We identified 33 distinct self-declared environmental claims displayed on a total of 152 packaged seafood products, with 78.8% classified as unclear, and therefore in breach of the ISO standard. This study suggests that stronger regulation around seafood labelling is needed in New Zealand, to provide consumers transparent, accurate and substantiated information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The American Psychological Association, among other influential bodies, make recommendations on language for describing people with mental health conditions. The present studies test the impact of the recommended language on stigma. In Study 1, participants (n = 294) were asked to complete measures of desire for social distance from individuals given a diagnostic label in either person-first possessive, identity-first noun, or identity-first adjective forms. Familiarity with the diagnoses was considered as a potential influence on the outcome. The 3*2 (linguistic form * experience) factorial design was repeated for three diagnoses - schizophrenia, anorexia and alcoholism. In Study 2, the research was replicated with a sample recruited from the UK population via social media (n = 230). Factorial ANOVA was used for analysis. In contrast with previous literature, the studies found neither an effect of linguistic form (hypothesis 1) nor an interaction effect with familiarity (hypothesis 2). Research on this topic is in an early stage and, above all, it remains important to use language, which shows respect when talking to or about others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluates the nutritional quality and level of processing of food and beverage products advertised on television channels most watched by children, in Italy. Data were collected over 20 non-consecutive days from the five top channels in Italy. A total of 209 food items were analysed using the Nutri-Score and the NOVA classification. Additionally, compliance with nutritional criteria established by the World Health Organisation (WHO) and the EU-PLEDGE was assessed. Results indicate a high proportion of energy-dense and low nutritional quality foods, with 68% falling into less favourable Nutri-Score categories (C, D, and E), and 61% classified as ultra-processed by NOVA classification. When applying WHO and PLEDGE criteria, 71% and 56% of products, respectively, did not meet nutritional standards. This study underscores the low prevalence of nutritionally adequate products in food advertisements targeting children on Italian television, despite differences found based on methodological variations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Belügyi Szemle / Academic Journal of Internal Affairs is the property of Ministry of Interior of Hungary and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This interview with the writer Indra Sinha, conducted in Toulouse, France in June 2017 and reworked in January 2020, is a product of my research on the relatively recent theoretical endeavour to interrogate the relationship between postcolonial and ecocritical studies. Indra Sinha's fictional and non-fictional works have substantially contributed to the international visibility of human and environmental injustices around the world, suggesting his potential engagement with the relationship between these two theoretical frameworks. In the interview conducted within this context, Sinha's debut novel Animal's People (2007), shortlisted for the 2007 Man Booker prize, is discussed as a postcolonial eco-socialist work offering a fictitious account of neo-colonial practices in India. The novel, particularly as the literary representation of the Bhopal disaster, sheds light upon the continuous destruction of human and non-human beings in postcolonial lands under neo-colonial policies. Yet, Sinha's ardent problematization of 'postcolonialism' as a label in particular, and of all labels in general for delineating literary works, complicates, albeit fruitfully, the course of the interview and our discussion of new theoretical frameworks emerging out of postcolonial theory. His responses on this issue are powerful statements calling for a particular focus on, if any -isms deemed necessary, transnational capitalism and 'traditional old-fashioned extortionism' instead of postcolonialism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research is important to show that marketing as part of advertising is correlated with the regulation of health claims labelling of food supplements, which is product-specific. Hence, this research aimed to compare the regulation for health claims labelling in the European Union and non-EU countries. For this research, we made a comparative analysis of legal regulations for health claims labelling in European Union and non-EU countries: Macedonia, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Albania and Kosovo. This kind of analysis is made for the first time. The results of this research showed that all countries are following the European regulations for food supplements, but there are differences within single countries, as well as between countries. We also noticed that the least harmonization of regulation exists in food supplements that contain herbal substances. Given the summary of results, this research shows a divided picture concerning alignment with the EU health claims labelling in non-EU countries. Macedonia, Serbia and Montenegro fully follow this EU regulation, while in Bosnia and Herzegovina, it is followed only partly. Food supplement marketing is more liberal in Albania and Kosovo. This research has contributed towards understanding that there is no harmonization, nor mutual recognition between the mentioned countries, which is applicable in the EU. Harmonization opportunities which are discussed in this research are applicable and realistic and can contribute in a positive, more economical way to better placement of food supplements in different markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is addressing the negative environment and social impacts of the fashion industry that has emerged as a major societal challenge in the last century; however, people continue to over-consume and over-waste textile products in the form of fashion garments. More research is required to understand how fashion consumption connects with perceptions of sustainability and sustainable action by individual consumers. Design/methodology/approach: This paper surveys 501 Australian and New Zealand consumers, on their fashion purchasing habits, and the role of sustainability in their fashion consumption behaviour. Findings: The study found a relationship between higher levels of garment consumption and increased focus on sustainability in fashion choices. This finding is significant, as it suggests that fashion over-consumers are still mindful of the sustainable impacts of their consumption, and are motivated towards reducing that impact, despite not reducing their volume of consumption. Originality/value: The study indicates the importance of a continued focus on transparency and traceability of fashion products in Australasia, as some over-consumers use this information to make better choices in the purchase situation, as opposed to acting on a general call to reduce consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The process of identifying and pinpointing the location of objects within an image or video is a crucial task in computer vision, known as object detection. While there has been significant progress in object detection using conventional optical RGB images, there has been comparatively less research done on object detection using thermal images. Thermal imaging has the advantage of being able to capture images in low light or even complete darkness, making it an attractive technology for surveillance applications. However, due to the scarcity of publicly available thermal image datasets, the development of object detectors specifically for thermal images has been hindered. In the proposed work a dataset of 2000 thermal images of three classes namely Humans, Dog, and Cats is collected using FLIR thermal camera. The YOLO (You Only Look Once) algorithm, specifically YOLOv4 and YOLOv4 tiny versions, are assessed for their performance to classify thermal images into three classes namely Human, Dog, and Cat. The findings demonstrate the potential of YOLOv4 for object detection on thermal images, especially when trained on large custom datasets. The results of this study may lead to the design of effective and efficient low-light vision systems that can be utilized in thermal imaging applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of developing the colour coding system is to create better awareness and help consumers monitor and understand the sugar content of foods. Our research focused on food products (dairy products and cereal products on the Slovenian market) that contain so-called hidden sugars, as these can cause many health risks. The aim of the study was to raise awareness of the sugar content in dairy products and cereals through a packaging design with a uniform labelling and coding system. During the process of this research, few answers were provided to the following questions: How can a labelling system be designed to be clear and impartial, what is the hierarchy and layout of food information on packaging, and how can the system be coherently integrated with existing packaging? The impact of the information design on the consumer in the food packaging industry, which helps in further execution, was analysed. Based on the research, variants of a multi-colour labelling system were created, differing in primary information graphics, colour, placement and formats. The packaging for an imaginary brand and the placement of the code system were designed. Finally, the packaging design was implemented in the 3D models for each food group. The result of this research is a collection of packaging models with a labelling system that informs consumers about sugar content, facilitates decision-making and helps them control their food intake. The colour-coded labels were applied to the packaging in a uniform and coherent manner, which can provide sufficient attention and information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Puromycin derivatives containing an emissive thieno[3,4-d]-pyrimidine core, modified with azetidine and 3,3-difluoroazetidine as Me2 N surrogates, exhibit translation inhibition and bactericidal activity similar to the natural antibiotic. The analogues are capable of cellular puromycylation of nascent peptides, generating emissive products without any follow-up chemistry. The 3,3-difluoroazetidine-containing analogue is shown to fluorescently label newly translated peptides and be visualized in both live and fixed HEK293T cells and rat hippocampal neurons.

The lobbying strategies of the food industry, which seek to undermine the development of regulatory measures intended to improve public health, are increasingly well documented and associated with slow progress in addressing diet-related diseases at national, regional and global levels. These strategies include the creation and dissemination of biased research findings in order to skew evidence in the favour of the industry, and to cast doubt about the harms stemming from its products and practices. Front-of-pack nutrition labelling (FoPNL) provides fertile ground for industry opposition, which we discuss in this commentary.

Packaging and its integral elements can be among the carriers of product claims, which often encourage consumers to purchase cosmetics, and many make purchasing decisions based on them. There is, therefore, a tendency to put an increasing number of claims on packaging; these, according to requirements, should be useful, understandable, and reliable. This article aims to determine the importance of information placed on packaging during the purchase of natural cosmetics in comparison with other packaging elements, and to assess the usefulness, understandability, and reliability of selected groups of product claims placed on natural cosmetics packaging. The results confirm that the information placed on the packaging of natural cosmetics is an important element to which consumers pay attention. The most useful, understandable, and reliable claims are performance claims, ingredient-related claims, and environmental claims.

Background/Objectives: Artificial intelligence (AI) holds remarkable potential to improve care delivery in dermatology. End users (health professionals and general public) of AI‐based Software as Medical Devices (SaMD) require relevant labelling information to ensure that these devices can be used appropriately. Currently, there are no clear minimum labelling requirements for dermatology AI‐based SaMDs. Methods: Common labelling recommendations for AI‐based SaMD identified in a recent literature review were evaluated by an Australian expert panel in digital health and dermatology via a modified Delphi consensus process. A nine‐point Likert scale was used to indicate importance of 10 items, and voting was conducted to determine the specific characteristics to include for some items. Consensus was achieved when more than 75% of the experts agreed that inclusion of information was necessary. Results: There was robust consensus supporting inclusion of all proposed items as minimum labelling requirements; indication for use, intended user, training and test data sets, algorithm design, image processing techniques, clinical validation, performance metrics, limitations, updates and adverse events. Nearly all suggested characteristics of the labelling items received endorsement, except for some characteristics related to performance metrics. Moreover, there was consensus that uniform labelling criteria should apply across all AI categories and risk classes set out by the Therapeutic Goods Administration. Conclusions: This study provides critical evidence for setting labelling standards by the Therapeutic Goods Administration to safeguard patients, health professionals, consumers, industry, and regulatory bodies from AI‐based dermatology SaMDs that do not currently provide adequate information about how they were developed and tested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

School failure is a complex phenomenon, with social, pedagogical and individual determinations. This article analyzes the relationship between education, socialization and the educational ideal promoted in a society. School deviance is shown to be indicative of wider systemic dysfunctions. At the pedagogical level, the main causes identified are: the inability to adapt to the needs of each student, the perpetuation of inequalities and negative labeling. To combat it, modern educational management strategies are proposed: student-centered learning, prevention of discrimination, inclusive education, teacher training in new paradigms. The transition to a modern education, focused on the uniqueness of each student, is a complex but necessary reform. The multidimensional approach - social, managerial and pedagogical - is essential for the creation of a performing and fair educational system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on conspiracy theories has proliferated since 2016, in part due to the US election of President Trump, the COVID-19 pandemic, and increasingly threatening environmental conditions. In the rush to publication given these concerning social consequences, researchers have increasingly treated as definitive a 2016 paper by Michael Wood (Political Psychology, 37(5), 695–705, 2016) that concludes that the phrase "conspiracy theory" has no negative effect upon people's willingness to endorse a claim. We revisit Wood's findings and its (re)uptake in the recent literature. Is the label "conspiracy theory" a pejorative? If so, does it sway or affect people's belief in specific claims of conspiracy (i.e. particular conspiracy theories), or is the effect one that concerns claims of conspiracy more generally (i.e. all conspiracy theories)? Through an examination of the conceptual and methodological scope of Wood's work and the results of our similar quasi-experimental design, we argue that it is premature to suggest the label "conspiracy theory" has no impact on the believability of a claim, or that it has no rhetorical power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sensor Networks (SNs) play an essential role in upcoming technologies like the Internet of Things (IoT), where technical services are highly prone to crucial vulnerability due to attacks. This research motivates to provide a mechanism to identify the link reliability of connected sensor nodes. The privacy-preserving keys are distributed among the corresponding network nodes. When the nodes suffer from an attack, it damages the linking nodes' community. It has the nature of healing itself when the attacks are identified over the network. The self-healing nature is not so complex, and it is termed a lightweight process. A novel link-based intrusion prediction mechanism uses attention-based Deep Neural Networks (𝑎-DNN) for lightweight linkage identification and labelling. This model helps predict basic network patterns using topological analysis with better generalization. The simulation is done with Python where the proposed 𝑘-DNN model outperforms the five different conventional approaches with the adoption of a benchmark dataset (network traffic) for extensive analysis. The AUC is improved in an average manner with the adoption of 𝑘-DNN. This model enhances the linkage connectivity to make different connectivity processes more efficient and reach the target non-convincing. It is sensed that the proposed 𝑎-DNN outperforms the existing approaches by improving the network resilience by maintaining higher energy efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Polish Technical Review is the property of Wydawnictwo SIGMA-NOT and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The population heterogeneity argument links criminality to time-stable individual traits and suggests that criminal justice system involvements exert no independent influence on criminal behaviour. This study directly tests this postulation by estimating the relationship between police involvement and subsequent delinquency in an individual fixed effects design. The analysis relies on five waves of longitudinal data on self-reported delinquency and administrative data on police contacts. Results show that time-stable individual traits matter, but that the frequency of police contacts is positively associated with offending also after such characteristics have been accounted for. The results are thus in line with the state dependence argument and provide tentative support for labelling theory's postulation that criminal justice involvement increases rather than decreases criminal behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Artificial nail materials are mixtures that are prone to contain several sensitizing (meth)acrylates. It is not known whether the listing of (meth)acrylates is correct in these products' packages. Protective gloves suited for nail work are needed. Objectives: To analyse (meth)acrylates in gel nail and acrylic nail products chemically and to compare the results with the information in the product labels, and to study penetration of artificial nail materials through selected disposable gloves. Methods: We analysed 31 gel nail products and 6 acrylic nail products for their (meth)acrylate content by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). We tested the penetration of two nail products through three disposable gloves: nitrile rubber, neoprene rubber and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Results: Altogether 32/37 products contained (meth)acrylates. In all of them, there was discrepancy between the listed (meth)acrylates and those discovered in the analysis. The commonest (meth)acrylates were hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA, 20/37 samples) and hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA, 9/37 samples), but many of the product packages failed to declare them. Isobornyl acrylate (IBA) was discovered in nine gel nail products. The neoprene glove could withstand nail gel for 20 min and thin nitrile glove and PVC glove for 5 min. Acrylic nail liquid penetrated through disposable gloves quickly. Conclusions: Labelling of artificial nail products was notably incorrect on most products. Requirements for product labelling must be updated so that the risk of sensitization associated with artificial nail products is clearly indicated. Disposable gloves can probably be used short‐term in gel nail work, whereas disposable gloves do not protect the user from acrylic nail liquids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Declassified images from the Keyhole (KH)-9 HEXAGON mapping camera system (MCS) offer fine-scale details of urban regions. However, these images have seldom been utilized in urban research due to challenges in labelling (collecting training samples), having only a single panchromatic band and classification. To tackle these limitations, this paper focuses on developing a multi-stage reconstructed historical fine-scale urban landscape (RHFUL) pipeline for KH-9 HEXAGON MCS. The proposed pipeline first integrates internalized parameters, hierarchical object-based image analysis properties and class variability to synthesize new features, abbreviated to IHC. Second, the pipeline uses a weak semi-automated supervised labelling (WSSL) approach to acquire training samples. Finally, the training samples and generated features are subjected to the SegNet deep learning architecture. The performance of each step was assessed against corresponding state-of-the-art benchmark approaches for each of synthesizing features, labelling and classification. In the proposed RHFUL pipeline, the proposed IHC provided the most salient information for urban classification, WSSL labelled urban features more accurately, and the SegNet architecture classified more accurately the urban features relative to the benchmarks. Considering the potential advantages, but also limitations of KH-9 HEXAGON MCS images, further research should be undertaken, particularly drawing on the current advances in pattern recognition techniques for contemporary digital satellite sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A clear vision for the future of the world's food supply must be developed by all stakeholders, including consumers, farmers, and governments, especially in light of the rapid improvements in the production of genetically modified crops. It has been possible through biotechnology and genetic engineering, genetically modified (GM) crops have been engineered to have certain qualities, such as resistance to pests, illnesses, or herbicides. Concerns about risks and unintended effects of GM crops include ecosystem impacts, new pests or diseases, and health effects on humans and animals. There is mounting evidence that consumers may respond unfavourably to the introduction of genetically altered foods. This research focuses at how genetic engineering can raise agricultural yields, improve nutrient content, and lessen the use for hazardous pesticides and herbicides in food production. Regulatory framework for GM foods may impact on perception and acceptance of consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An 11‐year‐old, 500 kg, healthy mare was admitted for tenovaginoscopy. A jugular venous catheter was inserted to administer detomidine for diagnostic imaging and for anaesthesia‐related drug administration. The horse was premedicated with intramuscular acepromazine and intravenous flunixin. For sedation, 7.5 mL of a solution, presumed to be xylazine 2%, was drawn up in a syringe and labelled with a sticker. Two minutes after injection of 7.5 mL from xylazine‐labelled syringe, the horse showed severe ataxia and fell. Nystagmus and catatonia appeared while one person sat on its neck, to prevent it from rising. After 8 minutes, the horse could not be kept down and took several uncoordinated attempts to stand, still showing nystagmus and ataxia for several minutes. The xylazine‐labelled syringes were analysed. They contained pure ketamine. This case report should raise awareness about clinical errors, a healthy error culture and use of Morbidity and Mortality Rounds to improve patient and personnel care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research in urban ecology and evolution relies on the use of deployable scientific equipment. If left unattended in the field, scientific equipment may be prone to vandalism and theft, especially in the urban space. Here, we empirically applied a theory derived from the field of criminology, specifically the Routine Activity Theory (RAT) framework, to predict disappearance rates of scientific equipment in an ongoing urban ecology research project. First, we tested a routinely applied method of equipment protection – labelling – and investigated whether equipment disappearance varied with label information content and message tone. Second, we examined whether equipment attributes (price, mass, volume, colour, and type of installation) and environmental variables (human presence, tree cover, distance to paths and distance to roads) covaried with the disappearance of two types of field equipment, and whether patterns of disappearance changed over time spent in the urban space (novelty effect). The disappearance of 474 nestboxes and 141 frassboxes was followed over four years and two field seasons, respectively. By using the RAT framework, we predicted that nestboxes would be less likely to disappear than frassboxes. In contrast to an earlier reporting, we did not find any association between label type and disappearance rates. Instead, environmental variables covaried with equipment disappearance: for both types of scientific equipment, there was an interaction between human presence and tree cover. Thus, in highly-frequented places with dense tree cover, people were more likely to remove scientific equipment, possibly because they felt less visible. We also detected an interaction between distance to roads and paths for frassboxes but not for nestboxes, revealing that equipment properties may interact with the environmental setting. Importantly, frassbox disappearance decreased over time in both study seasons, indicating the important role of novelty for scientific equipment disappearance rates. We encourage other researchers, site-managers and stakeholders working in cities and other frequently visited areas to apply the RAT framework, as it is a potentially universal, easily applicable and inexpensive method to gain insight into patterns of equipment disappearance in the public space, thereby enhancing the capacity for informed project planning and as a result, safer, and more effective studies.

Automatic segmentation of vertebrae from computed tomography (CT) scans play an important role in the clinical interpretation and treatment of spinal co-morbidities. Labelling and segmentation of vertebrae is labour intensive and challenging, due to various fields of view and fuzzy boundaries in CT scans. Therefore, successful labelling and segmentation is highly dependent on the level of expertise of the radiologist. In this paper, we propose a three-step fully-automated end-to-end pipeline for vertebra labelling and segmentation of spinal CT images. A novel deep learning architecture, Unbalanced-UNet, is proposed for extracting the region proposals for spine detection. A modified SpatialConfiguration-Net, 3D SCN, is used for labelling of vertebra and centroid extraction. Finally, a 3D U-Net is employed for the segmentation of each vertebra. The models were validated on VERSE’19 public dataset. An identification rate of 90.20% and 91.47% was obtained for the first and second test sets of the VERSE’19 dataset, respectively. Mean localization distance of 4.97 mm and 5.32 mm was obtained for the first and second test sets, respectively. The final segmentation stage shows a dice score and Hausdorff surface distance of 93.07% and 5.36 mm, respectively, for the first test set, and 92.01% and 5.63 mm, respectively, for the second test set. The results show that the proposed approach outperforms the state-of-art models for segmentation of vertebrae. The proposed Unbalanced-UNet architecture increased the accuracy of accruing the region proposals for spine detection. The proposed fully automated pipeline has potential clinical applications in treatment and surgical planning of spinal deformities.

Abstract Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted an urgent need for harmonised requirements for the regulation of medicines. To fully implement harmonised medicines regulations across Africa, common technical standards of medicine regulations are needed. One such technical standard is the labelling of medicines on outer packaging. In this study, we compared outer packaging labelling requirements and transition terms for harmonization for countries in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region. Methods Data on legislation and/or regulatory guidelines for medicine outer packaging labelling from National Medicines Regulatory Authorities (NMRAs) were obtained for countries in the SADC region (n = 16) by February 2023. A detailed comparative content analysis was conducted to determine alignment with the requirements of the Southern African Development Community (SADC) harmonised labelling guidelines to assess readiness levels of each country to transition to the SADC harmonised labelling guideline for outer packaging of medicines. Results Content analysis showed at least 11 out of 16 countries require national legal reform to transition to the SADC harmonised labelling guideline. In all cases where countries specified labelling requirements for outer packaging of medicines, these were stipulated in national medicines legislation. Conclusion Even though there is a high level of alignment across the countries in terms of national labelling requirements, most countries in the SADC region would still require national legislative reform to transition to regional harmonised labelling requirements and then ultimately to continental requirements of the African Medicines Agency (AMA).

The rapid development of equitably accessible vaccines is paramount in addressing emerging global health challenges. The safety and efficacy of vaccines hinge significantly on their ability to remain stable from manufacturing throughout the supply chain and up to administration. Furthermore, the release of vaccines requires sufficient understanding of the stability profile to allow for expiration dating. In the event of a public health crisis, the time to generate the necessary stability data and the need for rapid product release are in direct opposition. Developing manufacturing platforms with thermostable product formulations for rapid response is therefore key to meeting CEPI’s 100 Days Mission goal. This Review aims to highlight the need for stability preparedness through developing thermostable vaccine platforms and exploring innovative stability monitoring strategies that leverage advanced technologies, predictive modelling, and adaptive methodologies. By doing so, we seek to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of stability assessments, supporting rapid development, regulatory approval, and widespread, equal distribution of vaccines—especially in an outbreak scenario. Finally, enhanced thermostability will allow for simplification across the supply chain, which will reduce the financial burden of vaccination programmes and enhance equitable access.

Glycosylphosphatidylinositols (GPIs) need to interact with other components in the cell membrane to transduce transmembrane signals. A bifunctional GPI probe was employed for photoaffinity‐based proximity labelling and identification of GPI‐interacting proteins in the cell membrane. This probe contained the entire core structure of GPIs and was functionalized with photoreactive diazirine and clickable alkyne to facilitate its crosslinking with proteins and attachment of an affinity tag. It was disclosed that this probe was more selective than our previously reported probe containing only a part structure of the GPI core for cell membrane incorporation and an improved probe for studying GPI‐cell membrane interaction. Eighty‐eight unique membrane proteins, many of which are related to GPIs/GPI‐anchored proteins, were identified utilizing this probe. The proteomics dataset is a valuable resource for further analyses and data mining to find new GPI‐related proteins and signalling pathways. A comparison of these results with those of our previous probe provided direct evidence for the profound impact of GPI glycan structure on its interaction with the cell membrane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nutrition and health claims influence consumer purchasing. Claims include content claims, which refer to the amount of a nutrient contained in a product, and health claims, which refer to health benefits of foods or nutrients in a product. Products that display a health claim must meet the Nutrient Profiling Scoring Criterion (NPSC). The present study aimed to explore consumer perceptions of content claims used on food and beverage labelling and advertisements. Methods: Semi‐structured focus groups were conducted with Australian consumers. Analysis involved an inductive, reflexive approach to thematic analysis. Results: Six focus groups involving 26 participants were conducted. Four main interconnected themes were generated: (1) complex factors influence food choice; (2) content claim scepticism; (3) the difference between content and health claims is unclear; and (4) the regulation of content claims is not common knowledge. Content claims were used, although generally viewed through a lens of scepticism and mistrust, and seen as a promotional tool for the food industry. Product complexity appeared to increase content claim use as a result of consumer uncertainty of the content of complex products, such as ultraprocessed foods. Most participants were aware that content and health claims were in some way regulated. Overall, they did not know further detail, including the relevant regulatory body. Conclusions: For content claims to support the consumer they need to be accurate and their use limited to healthier foods. This can be achieved by requiring products with content claims to meet NPSC thresholds, as required for products making health claims. Key points: Six focus groups involving 26 Australian consumers were conducted to explore perceptions of content claims used on food and beverage labelling and advertisements.Four main interconnected themes were generated: (1) complex factors influence food choice; (2) content claim scepticism; (3) the difference between content and health claims is unclear; and (4) the regulation of content claims is not common knowledge.For content claims to support the consumer they need to be accurate and their use limited to healthier foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Health agencies recommend using hand sanitisers as protection against the coronavirus. Thus far, the emphasis on hand sanitiser studies is limited to an analysis of disinfectant content only. This study aims to provide an extended analysis of 60 off-the-shelf alcohol-based hand sanitisers by using gas chromatography to report on alcohol content and the presence of impurities, a recombinant yeast estrogen screen to assess estrogenic activity, and an investigation into labelling compliance with the South African National Standard. Fifty hand sanitisers had an alcohol content of ≥60% v/v alcohol; however, most contained skin irritants and substances that could harm human and environmental health. Estrogenic activity was detected in 29 hand sanitisers and none of the products complied with all the labelling requirements. Since off-the-shelf hand sanitisers in South Africa are not regulated and monitored, evidence-based public awareness programmes on hand sanitiser quality and safety should become a priority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted an urgent need for harmonised requirements for the regulation of medicines. To fully implement harmonised medicines regulations across Africa, common technical standards of medicine regulations are needed. One such technical standard is the labelling of medicines on outer packaging. In this study, we compared outer packaging labelling requirements and transition terms for harmonization for countries in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region. Methods: Data on legislation and/or regulatory guidelines for medicine outer packaging labelling from National Medicines Regulatory Authorities (NMRAs) were obtained for countries in the SADC region (n = 16) by February 2023. A detailed comparative content analysis was conducted to determine alignment with the requirements of the Southern African Development Community (SADC) harmonised labelling guidelines to assess readiness levels of each country to transition to the SADC harmonised labelling guideline for outer packaging of medicines. Results: Content analysis showed at least 11 out of 16 countries require national legal reform to transition to the SADC harmonised labelling guideline. In all cases where countries specified labelling requirements for outer packaging of medicines, these were stipulated in national medicines legislation. Conclusion: Even though there is a high level of alignment across the countries in terms of national labelling requirements, most countries in the SADC region would still require national legislative reform to transition to regional harmonised labelling requirements and then ultimately to continental requirements of the African Medicines Agency (AMA). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The production, sale, and consumption of regional products can positively influence a region's sustainable development. Despite this significance, there is little research on how consumers perceive regional products using a sustainability lens. This study investigates the perception of regional products in terms of sustainability and related customer purchasing behaviour. Qualitative, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 participants in Tyrol, Austria. Data analysis employs a deductive-inductive coding approach and shows a high awareness of sustainability among respondents. The main reasons for purchasing regional products are supporting the local economy and regional agriculture. Shorter transport routes or the cultural landscape maintenance are also important factors due to environmental concerns. Most participants report that sustainability was a decisive factor in their purchase decision pertaining to regional products. Regional products and sustainability are thus intertwined from a customer perspective and are shown to have decisive roles in related purchasing behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]