42 results on '"lékové interakce"'
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2. Interakce léků používaných v léčbě infekcí močových cest s jinými léčivými přípravky a doplňky stravy.
- Author
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Ryšánková, Miroslava and Hurtová, Marie
- Abstract
Copyright of Urologie Pro Praxi is the property of SOLEN sro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Lékové interakce farmak používaných při terapii erektilní dysfunkce s doplňky stravy.
- Author
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Suchopár, Josef, Suchopár, Štěpán, and Prokeš, Michal
- Subjects
CYTOCHROME P-450 ,DRUG interactions ,DIETARY supplements ,CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A ,ISOENZYMES - Abstract
Copyright of Farmacie Pro Praxi is the property of SOLEN sro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
4. Pět nejvýznamnějších lékových interakcí v intenzivní medicíně.
- Author
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J., Rychlíčková and P., Suk
- Subjects
- *
CYTOCHROME P-450 , *DRUG side effects , *LONG QT syndrome , *DRUG interactions , *CRITICAL care medicine - Abstract
The prevalence of drug interactions in the critically ill is high, but these are often potential drug interactions of limited clinical relevance. This paper aims to describe the mechanism and management of not the most frequent but, according to the authors, the most clinically significant interactions. These top five interactions include carbapenems and valproate, CYP 3A4 inhibitors and ticagrelor, enteral nutrition and levodopa, combinations of QT prolonging drugs, and CYP 3A4 inhibitors and quetiapine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Potenciál lékových interakcí kombinace nirmatrelvir + ritonavir v reálné klinické praxi.
- Author
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Slíva, Jiří
- Abstract
The risk of severe course of COVID‑19 infection is still very topical in infected people. In addition to effective preven‑ tion in the form of vaccination, we are therefore witnessing unprecedented interest in the development of effective targeted treatments. The presented text discusses the possible therapeutic benefit of the oral combination of nirma‑ trelvir with ritonavir, offering an innovative tool in the fight against this disease, within the framework of our own risk analysis of possible drug interactions at the level of everyday clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
6. Lékové interakce cenobamátu.
- Author
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Suchopár, Josef, Suchopár, Štěpán, and Prokeš, Michal
- Subjects
CONCOMITANT drugs ,DRUG interactions ,CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A ,CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP2C19 - Abstract
Copyright of Remedia is the property of Medical Tribune CZ, s.r.o. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
7. NEKUŘÁCKÝ KON CEPT PSYCHIATRIE VÚSTŘEDNÍ VOJENSKÉ NEMOCNICI V PRAZE.
- Author
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Krejčí, Veronika, Petr, Tomáš, Švarcová, Barbora, and Révészová, Katarína
- Subjects
- *
MENTAL health services , *SMOKING cessation , *TOBACCO use , *PSYCHIATRIC treatment , *SMOKING - Abstract
Tobacco use is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. The prevalence of tobacco smoking is significantly higher among patients undergoing psychiatric treatment compared to the general population. Despite clear evidence of positive effects resulting from the cessation of smoking in patients receiving mental health treatment, quitting smoking still remains a controversial issue among specialists. In 2018, Military University Hospital Prague introduced a pilot fully non-smoking environment at the acute psychiatric care department. Part of this concept is a complex ban on tobacco use during hospitalization (including new forms of tobacco and nicotine products). The project proved to be viable, it doesn't significantly complicate the course of hospitalization and the acute psychiatric care department is already permanently in a non-smoking regime. All support is available to patients to bridging the period when they can't smoke. Because smoking cessation has an impact on the plasma concentrations of some psychopharmaceuticals, monitoring is established in teamwork with a clinical pharmacist. At the same time, the smoking cessation in psychiatric treatment is full of many myths that still prevent professionals from introducing non-smoking environments. The aim of this article is to contribute to a further discussion on the spread of non-smoking policy in psychiatric and addictology workplaces. Three years of experience from the psychiatric ward in Military University Hospital Prague show that it is possible to implement and adhere to it without negative consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
8. Inhibitory SGLT2 (4. část) - lékové interakce gliflozinů.
- Author
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Suchopár, Josef
- Subjects
DRUG interactions ,SODIUM-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors ,GHRELIN receptors ,GLUCURONIDATION ,DIURETICS - Abstract
Copyright of Remedia is the property of Medical Tribune CZ, s.r.o. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
9. Řešení méně známé lékové interakce u HIV pacienta v klinické praxi.
- Author
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Bauer, Lukáš and Gregorová, Jana
- Subjects
HIV integrase inhibitors ,DRUG interactions ,HIV-positive persons ,ANTIRETROVIRAL agents ,INTEGRASE inhibitors - Abstract
Copyright of Praktické Lékárenství is the property of SOLEN sro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Interakční potenciál antipsychotik.
- Author
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Michalcová, Jana and Tašková, Ivana
- Subjects
DRUG receptors ,DRUG interactions ,CYTOCHROME P-450 ,SCHIZOAFFECTIVE disorders ,DRUG metabolism ,NEUROLEPTIC malignant syndrome - Abstract
Copyright of Remedia is the property of Medical Tribune CZ, s.r.o. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
11. Lékové interakce antidepresiv s pohledem do klinické praxe.
- Author
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Tašková, Ivana
- Abstract
Copyright of Remedia is the property of Medical Tribune CZ, s.r.o. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
12. Lékové interakce antiepileptik Část 2 - interakce s léky z jiných indikačních skupin.
- Author
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Kořístková, Blanka and Grundmann, Milan
- Abstract
Copyright of Praktické Lékárenství is the property of SOLEN sro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
13. Lékové interakce v předoperačním vyšetření urologického pacienta.
- Author
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Sabitova, Ekaterina
- Abstract
Copyright of Praktické Lékárenství is the property of SOLEN sro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
14. Lékové interakce antimigrenik (2. část).
- Author
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Suchopár, Josef, Suchopár, Štěpán, and Prokeš, Michal
- Abstract
Copyright of Remedia is the property of Medical Tribune CZ, s.r.o. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
15. Lékové interakce antimigrenik (1. část).
- Author
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Suchopár, Josef, Suchopár, Štěpán, and Prokeš, Michal
- Abstract
Copyright of Remedia is the property of Medical Tribune CZ, s.r.o. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
16. Kazuistika: Antidepresiva a triptany - lze je souběžně podávat?
- Author
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Tašková, Ivana
- Subjects
DRUG interactions ,PSYCHIATRIC drugs ,ANXIETY disorders ,ANTIDEPRESSANTS ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,SEROTONIN syndrome - Abstract
Copyright of Psychiatrie Pro Praxi is the property of SOLEN sro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
17. Transplantace srdce – specifika péče v každodenní praxi.
- Author
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Hošková, Lenka, Melenovský, Vojtěch, Málek, Ivan, Podzimková, Mariana, Hegarová, Markéta, Dorazilová, Zora, Netuka, Ivan, Ročeň, Milan, and Pirk, Jan
- Abstract
Heart transplantation (HTx) is now an established treatment method in patients with end‑stage heart failure. In January 2021 we celebrated 37th anniversary of launching clinical heart transplant program at Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKEM). Since then, 1,242 heart transplants have been performed by the end of December 2020. Based on our experiences, opti‑ mizing outcomes depends not only on improved surgical techniques but also on advances in immunosuppressive therapy. Me‑ chanical circulatory support (MCS) as a part of heart transplantation programme, they have become a highly efficient method of maitaining the condition of critically failing patients until a suitable donor can be found (“bridge to transplant“). Current immuno‑suppressive treatment is associated with very good long‑term survival after HTx, 5 years in 76% and 10 years in 65% of patients. Clinical follow‑up of heart transplant recipients is associated with some specific problems, such as graft rejection, infections, ma‑ lignancies, cardiac allograft vasculopathy, and adverse effects of immunosuppressives. Therefore, long‑term follow up of patients after heart transplantation requires close cooperation between specialized outpatient clinic, practitioners and other specialists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
18. Lékové interakce - zkušenosti s expertním systémem.
- Author
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Hýža, Martin, Skřont, Tomáš, and Šilhán, Petr
- Abstract
Copyright of Psychiatrie Pro Praxi is the property of SOLEN sro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
19. Lékové interakce v urologii - na co si dát pozor.
- Author
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Suchopár, Josef, Prokeš, Michal, and Suchopár, Štěpán
- Abstract
Copyright of Praktické Lékárenství is the property of SOLEN sro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
20. Přehled lékových interakcí přímých perorálních antikoagulancií.
- Author
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Bielaková, Katarína and Kubešová, Hana Matějovská
- Abstract
Copyright of Interní Medicína pro Praxi is the property of SOLEN sro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
21. Effect of the anticancer drug cabozantinib on cytochrome P450 activity
- Author
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Slobodníková, Eva, Dračínská, Helena, and Václavíková, Radka
- Subjects
lékové interakce ,inhibitory tyrosinkinas ,tyrosine kinase inhibitors ,cytochromy P450 ,cabozantinib ,inhibition ,drug-drug interactions ,inhibice ,cytochromes P450 - Abstract
Cabozantinib is an anti-cancer drug used mainly for the treatment of thyroid and renal cell carcinoma. It is classified as a low molecular weight selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Tyrosine kinases play a key role in signal transduction and regulation of many cellular processes such as growth, differentiation, and proliferation. The changes in the tyrosine kinase pathways are associated with the formation and progression of tumors where their growth is uncontrolled. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors act on tyrosine kinase receptors, thereby preventing the spread of cancer cells and slowing down the progression of cancer. Because cabozantinib, like other clinically used drugs, is metabolized by cytochromes P450, adverse drug interactions may occur that result in altered pharmacokinetics of the administered drugs and a consequent decrease in the efficacy of these drugs. In this diploma thesis, the effect of cabozantinib on the activity of the main enzymes of phase I biotransformation of xenobiotics, cytochromes P450, was investigated in vitro. The effect on the activity of both rat and human cytochrome P450 isoforms involved in xenobiotic metabolism was studied. CYP isoforms were predominantly incubated with cabozantinib at two concentrations; 10 µM and a concentration corresponding to the substrate...
- Published
- 2023
22. Analysis of drug-drug interactions in patients admitted to hospital (II.)
- Author
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Mašková, Daniela, Vlček, Jiří, and Malý, Josef
- Subjects
pharmacoepidemiology ,cross-sectional study ,lékové interakce ,průřezová studie ,drug-drug interactions ,farmakoepidemiologie - Abstract
Candidate: Daniela Mašková1 Supervisor: prof. RNDr. Jiří Vlček, CSc.1 Consultant: PharmDr. Zuzana Očovská1 Title of the master thesis: Analysis of drug-drug interactions in patients admitted to hospital (II.) 1 Department Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) are part of drug-related problems. Drug-related problems can be either potential (possibly leading to real problems for the patient) or manifest (the problem already impacts the patient). This study aims to identify potential DDIs in the medication history of patients acutely admitted to University Hospital Hradec Králové via the department of emergency medicine. The objectives are to determine the prevalence of hospital admissions with at least one potential DDI in the medication history and characterize the identified potential DDIs with respect to their mechanism, severity rating, level of documentation, and potential consequences. Another objectives was to identify medication classes involved in potential DDI. The design of this study is an observational cross-sectional study. The data were obtained from the previous study examining the drug-relatedness of 1252 hospital admissions. For the purpose of my master's thesis, a sample of 378 hospital admissions was...
- Published
- 2022
23. Drug Information Centre service analysis IV. - drug interactions
- Author
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Michálek, Georg, Malá, Kateřina, and Doseděl, Martin
- Subjects
databáze ,lékové informační centrum ,database ,drug interactions ,drug information centre ,informace o léčivu ,medication information ,lékové interakce - Abstract
Drug Information Centre service analysis IV. - drug interactions Author: Georg Michálek Supervisor: PharmDr. Kateřina Malá, Ph.D. Consultant: PharmDr. Petra Rozsívalová Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Czech Republic Introduction: Drug information centre (DIC) of the Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, and University Hospital Hradec Králové was established in 1994. It provides drug information to healthcare professionals in the form of timely and accurate answers to drug-related enquiries, including drug interactions (DI). Aim: This study aimed to analyse enquiries related to DI processed by DIC from 2015 to 2020 and to solve three drug enquiries related to drug interactions. Methods: Quantitative and qualitative analysis of drug enquiries was carried out. Data was collected from individual enquiries related, but not limited to drug-drug, drug-herbal, and drug-disease interactions. The quantitative analysis based on descriptive statistical methods was performed on two levels: enquiry level and drug interaction level. On the enquiry level, ATC codes found in the enquiries were analysed and on the drug interaction level various parameters assigned to each DI were analysed, such as interacting components,...
- Published
- 2021
24. Nové deriváty žlučových kyselin jako slibný terapeutický přístup pro jaterní a metabolické onemocnění
- Author
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Štefela, Alžbeta, Pávek, Petr, Vítek, Libor, and Juřica, Jan
- Subjects
Nuclear receptors ,regulation of biotransformation enzymes ,regulace bitransformačních enzymů ,miRNAs ,nutraceutika ,lékové interakce ,nukleární receptory,buněčné modely ,miRNA ,cellular models ,education - Abstract
IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate: Mgr. Alžbeta Štefela Supervisor: Prof. PharmDr. Petr Pávek, PhD. Title of the doctoral thesis: Novel bile acid derivatives as promising therapeutic approach Bile acids (BAs) are amphipathic steroidal molecules that are traditionally known to facilitate intestinal digestion and absorption of lipids and fat-soluble substances. On top, the recent findings have revealed that they represent important signaling agents involved in the orchestration of lipid, glucose and energy metabolism and immune response. BAs exhibit these roles by activating intracellular nuclear receptors such as farnesoid X (FXR), pregnane X (PXR) vitamin D receptors. Furthermore, BAs act as endocrine signaling molecules and activate numerous biological cascades via a membrane G-protein-coupled receptor, termed TGR5. Therefore, the extensive modulation of BA scaffold underwent to identify compounds with specific targeting of above-mentioned receptors as a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of various liver and metabolic disorders including cholestasis, biliary cirrhosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis or diabetes. The principal aim of this doctoral thesis was to investigate the structure...
- Published
- 2021
25. In vitro study of drug-drug interactions of HIV protease inhibitor darunavir on efflux ABC transporters
- Author
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Bezděková, Dominika, Červený, Lukáš, and Vokřál, Ivan
- Subjects
MDCK buňky ,p-glykoprotein ,antivirotika ,MDCK cells ,membrane transporters ,absorption ,p-glycoprotein ,distribution ,exkrece ,lékové interakce ,absorpce ,excretion ,Caco-2 cells ,membránové transportéry ,breast cancer resistance protein ,drug-drug interactions ,Caco-2 buňky ,multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 ,distribuce ,antivirals - Abstract
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Dominika Bezděková Supervisor: doc. PharmDr. Lukáš Červený, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: IN VITRO STUDY OF DRUG-DRUG INTERACTIONS OF HIV PROTEASE INHIBITOR DARUNAVIR ON EFFLUX ABC TRANSPORTERS Abstract: Darunavir is a drug used in the therapy of HIV belonging to the group of protease inhibitors. These protease inhibitors are used as a part of the combination antiretroviral therapy. For the increase of bioavailability, darunavir is always used in combination with ritonavir or cobicistat. As the CYP3A4 and ABCB1 (P-glycoprotein) transporter substrate, darunavir is a drug with a high potential to drug interactions. Considering the amount of adverse effects that can be caused by darunavir, it is necessary to know these drug interactions for the safety of therapy. Inhibition of the intestinal ABCB1 by the co-administrated drugs could also lead to the increased bioavailability of darunavir and to reduction of frequency of administration leading to a cheaper therapy. This thesis studies the drug-drug interactions of darunavir with in vitro methods using two cell lines - MDCKII and Caco-2 cells. The results from the transport of darunavir across the MDCKII cell monolayer indicates that darunavir is a ABCB1...
- Published
- 2021
26. Analysis of drug-drug interactions in patients admitted to hospital (I.)
- Author
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Kukrálová, Kateřina, Vlček, Jiří, and Doseděl, Martin
- Subjects
pharmacoepidemiology ,hospitalizace ,farmakoepidemiologie ,lékové interakce ,hospital admissions ,drug-drug interactions - Abstract
Candidate: Kateřina Kukrálová1 Supervisor: prof. RNDr. Jiří Vlček, CSc.1 Consultant: PharmDr. Zuzana Očovská1 1 Department Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University Title of the master thesis: The analysis of drug-drug interactions in patients admitted to hospital (I.) The presence of potential drug-drug interactions (DDIs) is common in daily practice and only a small proportion of potential DDIs results in hospitalization of the patients. Nevertheless, DDIs represent a significant cause of hospital admissions. This study aims to identify DDIs in the medication history of the patients admitted to University Hospital Hradec Králové via the emergency department in August-November 2018. The objectives of this study are a) to determine the prevalence of potential DDIs; b) to categorize identified potential DDIs with respect to their mechanism, severity, risk rating, level of documentation and potential outcomes and c) to determine the prevalence of manifest DDIs. This study has a cross-sectional design. The following data were obtained retrospectively from electronic medical records: demographic data, medication history, past medical history, laboratory and clinical findings, and information about hospital admission. The identification of potential DDI was...
- Published
- 2021
27. In vitro and ex vivo study of drug-drug interactions of antivirals on intestinal membrane transporters
- Author
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Halodová, Veronika, Červený, Lukáš, and Vokřál, Ivan
- Subjects
p-glykoprotein ,antivirotika ,intestine ,membrane transporters ,absorption ,p-glycoprotein ,lékové interakce ,absorpce ,střevo ,breas cancer resistance protein ,membránové transportéry ,breast cancer resistance protein ,tenofovir alafenamide ,drug-drug interactions ,antivirals - Abstract
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Veronika Halodová Supervisor: doc. PharmDr. Lukáš Červený, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: In vitro and ex vivo study of drug-drug interactions of antivirals on intestinal membrane transporters Tenofovir (TFV) is the first-line agent in the treatment of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection for patients aged over 12 years and one of the first-line choices for the combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) of infections caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Two commercially available prodrugs have been developed for oral administration of TFV, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (TAF). These prodrugs increase TFV membrane permeability and oral bioavailability. One of the factors that can affect the bioavailability of orally administrated drugs is active transport mediated by efflux transporters, mainly by P-glycoprotein (ABCB1, P-gp) and Breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2, BCRP). It has been already proved that TDF and TAF are substrates of both of these transporters. The goal of this diploma thesis was to use in vitro and ex vivo models of intestinal barrier to assess the impact of the efflux transporters on TDF and TAF transport in the intestine and on their...
- Published
- 2021
28. TERAPEUTICKÉ MONITO ROVÁNÍ QUETIAPINU.
- Author
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Turjap, Miroslav and Juřica, Jan
- Abstract
Quetiapine is atypical antipsychotic with remarkable clinical and receptor-binding profile depending on dosage used. Plasma concentrations and also clinical response vary markedly after equal doses between individuals in clinical practice. Polypharmacy and suboptimal adherence is common. The drug is metabolised by cytochrome P450 and thus, clinically important pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions are likely. There is evidence from literature about plasma concentrations obtained at therapeutically effective doses. Quetiapine is therefore suitable candidate for therapeutic drug monitoring. Here we present an overview of biotransformation and pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions and current knowledge on therapeutic drug monitoring of quetiapine, its benefits and limitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
29. Study of drug-drug interactions of antiviral drugs on intestinal transporters
- Author
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Záboj, Zdeněk, Červený, Lukáš, and Vokřál, Ivan
- Subjects
P-glykoprotein ,P-glycoprotein ,pharmacokinetics ,Breast Cancer Resistance Protein ,Caco-2 buňky ,transport ,lékové transportéry ,intestinal barrier ,lékové interakce ,drug transport ,akumulace ,Antiviral drugs ,transport léčiv ,drug-drug interactions ,střevní bariéra ,antivirotika ,sofosbuvir ,farmakokinetika ,drug transporters ,Breast Cancer Resistance protein ,Caco-2 cells ,accumulation - Abstract
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Zdeněk Záboj Supervisor: PharmDr. Lukáš Červený, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Study of drugs interactions of antiviral drugs with intestinal transporters Sofosbuvir is an antiviral agent widely used in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. This orally administered prodrug is a designed substrate of ATP-binding (ABC) efflux transporters, P- glycoprotein (ABCB1) and breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2). ABCB1 and ABCG2 are important determinants of intestinal absorption and are the site of significant pharmacokinetic drug interactions, leading to changes in drug exposure. Pharmacokinetic drug interactions may be undesirable (increasing the toxicity of the treatment) or desirable (allowing dose reduction). Because sofosbuvir is often administered in combination regimens with other anti(retro)virotics, the aim of this thesis was to study the ability to enhance intestinal absorption of sofosbuvir. To study the pharmacokinetic drug interactions on ABCB1 and ABCG2, a widely established in vitro bi-directional transport method through a polarized monolayer formed by the Caco-2 cell line derived from colorectal cancer has been used. We analyzed the drug interactions of sofosbuvir on these efflux...
- Published
- 2019
30. Polymorphism of drug metabolizing enzymes as a potential target of prevention of serious treatment complications in neonates and infants
- Author
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Hronová, Karolína, Slanař, Ondřej, Paluch, Zoltán, and Hladík, Michal
- Subjects
analgosedace ,phenobarbital ,genetický polymorfismus ,drug interactions ,analgosedation ,midazolam ,tramadol ,lékové interakce ,fenobarbital ,genetic polymorphism ,valproát ,valproic acid ,sufentanil - Abstract
Univerzita Karlova 1. lékařská fakulta Studijní program: Biomedicína Studijní obor: Preventivní medicína MUDr. Karolína Hronová Polymorfismus genů účastnících se v metabolismu léčiv jako potenciální cíl prevence závažných komplikací léčby u novorozenců a dětí Polymorphism of drug metabolizing enzymes as a potential target of prevention of serious treatment complications in neonates and infants Disertační práce- ABSTRAKT V ANGLICKÉM JAZYCE Školitel: prof. MUDr. Ondřej Slanař, Ph.D. Konzultant: MUDr. Pavla Pokorná, PhD. Praha, 2018 Abstract Background and aims: The safety of analgosedative drugs includes drug interactions, adverse effects, withdrawal syndrome and drug dependence are factors that significantly affect morbidity and mortality. Its prevention is critical for quality improvement of care in paediatric patients. The aim of the thesis was to evaluate the prediction of efficacy and safety of analgosedative drugs sufentanil, midazolam, tramadol and valproic acid in neonates and children based on the occurrence of selected pharmacogenetic biomarkers. The incidence of drug interactions of phenobarbital with other analgosedative drugs has also been evaluated. Methodology: The thesis is based on two studies conducted on Intensive and Resuscitation Care Unit of the Clinic of Paediatric and Adolescent...
- Published
- 2018
31. Study of interactions of antiviral drugs with intestinal drug efflux ABC transporters
- Author
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Huličiak, Martin, Červený, Lukáš, and Vokřál, Ivan
- Subjects
Caco-2 cell line ,antivirotika ,intestine ,transport studies ,antiviral drugs ,tenké řezy střeva ,Caco-2 buněčná linie ,absorption ,drug interactions ,lékové interakce ,absorpce ,střevo ,drug efflux ABC transporters ,precision-cut intestinal slices ,lékové efluxní ABC transportéry ,transportní studie ,accumulation ,akumulace - Abstract
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Martin Huličiak Supervisor: PharmDr. Lukáš Červený, Ph.D Title of diploma thesis: Study of interactions of antiviral drugs with intestinal drug efflux ABC transporters P-gp, MRP2 and BCRP are efflux transporters, members of the family of ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters. These transporters are located on the apical membrane of the intestinal epithelium, where they may limit absorption of orally administered drugs. Study of drug interactions with/on intestinal efflux transporters is necessary to provide safe and effective treatment. The Caco-2 cell line is FDA recommended in vitro model of intestinal barrier and it is used for bidirectional testing of substrates and inhibitors of ABC transporters in preclinical research. However, this methodology has several shortcomings, so the need of introduction of new experimental models is increasing and the ex vivo method based on human or rat intestine is a promising option. Precision-cut intestinal slices (PCIS) represent a mini-model of the organ and contain all types of cells of the tissue. We used both in vitro model using Caco-2 cell monolayers for drug transport study and in our lab established ex vivo method of PCIS for accumulation study...
- Published
- 2018
32. In vitro transport abakaviru přes monovrstvu Caco-2 buněkꓼ interakce s etravirinem a rilpivirinem
- Author
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Mlčochová, Alice, Čečková, Martina, and Červený, Lukáš
- Subjects
drug-drug interaction ,antiretrovirals ,drug transporter ,antiretrovirotika ,lékové interakce ,Caco-2 ,lékový transportér ,virus diseases - Abstract
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Student: Alice Mlčochová Supervisor: PharmDr. Martina Čečková, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: In vitro transport of abacavir across the monolayer of Caco-2 cells; interaction with etravirine and rilpivirine. Abacavir belongs among nucleoside reverse transciptase inhibitors (NRTIs) representing a basic component of combined antiretroviral therapy used in treatment of HIV-positive patients [1]. Etravirine and rilpivirine are newer non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) combined in cART together with NRTI. ATP-dependent transporters, so called ABC transporters, are able to affect pharmacokinetic properties of drugs, thus they are important site of drug-drug interactions affecting absorption, distribution and excretion level. P-glycoprotein (Pgp, ABCB1) and BCRP (ABCG2) belong among the most clinically important ABC transporters able to cause drug-drug interactions. The aim of this thesis was to introduce and optimize the method for evaluation of drug absorption using monolayers of Caco-2human intestine cell lines, whose integrity was verified by evaluating TEER (transepithelial electrical resistance). This model was also used for abacavir transport studies. Significant...
- Published
- 2018
33. In vitro and ex vivo study of drug-drug interactions of antiretrovirals on intestinal ATP-binding drug transporters
- Author
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Jahodová, Michaela, Červený, Lukáš, and Vokřál, Ivan
- Subjects
Caco-2 ,in vitro metody ,absorpce ,transporters ,ex vivo metody ,antiretroviral drugs ,tenofovir disoproxil fumarát ,lékové interakce ,antiretrovirální léčiva ,ex vivo methods ,in vitro methods ,abakavir ,abacavir ,absorption ,intestine ,drug-drug interactions ,tenofovir disoproxil fumarate ,transportéry ,tenké střevo - Abstract
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Student: Bc. Michaela Jahodová Supervisor: PharmDr. Lukáš Červený, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: In vitro and ex vivo study of drug-drug interactions of antiretrovirals on intestinal ATP-binding drug transporters The absorption of orally administered drugs takes place especially in the intestine, where it can affect by the activity of drug's ABC transporters located on the apical membrane of the intestinal epithelium. Study of drug interactions in intestinal ABC transporters is essential to ensure effective and safe pharmacotherapy. Testing of bi- directional transport on Caco-2 cells is generally the preferred method for in vitro evaluation of substrates and inhibitors of ABC transporters. Drawbacks of the Caco-2 model increase the need and necessity to introduce new models. A great potential is the involvement of ex vivo methodologies in the human or rat intestine. The aim of the work was to introduce an in vitro methodology using the Caco-2 cell monolayer and the ex vivo methodology of precision-cut rat intestinal slices. By the bi-directional transport method, we analyzed drug interactions of the model substrate P-gp and BCRP Rhodamine 123 (RHD123) and clinically-used tenofovir...
- Published
- 2017
34. Drug interactions of drugs used in thyroid diseases
- Author
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Teťáková, Veronika, Malý, Josef, and Marešová, Helena
- Subjects
drug interactions ,pharmaceutical care ,lékové interakce ,thyroid diseases ,levothyroxine ,onemocnění štítné žlázy ,levothyroxin ,farmaceutická péče - Abstract
Drug interactions of drugs used in thyroid diseases Author: Veronika Teťáková1 Tutor: PharmDr. Josef Malý, Ph.D.1 1 Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Introduction and objectives: Drug interactions are considered to be a significant aspect of pharmacotherapy that can lead to the potentiation of toxicity and side effects of drugs. However, their identification and adequate management of the use of drug combinations hampers a number of obstacles. The aim of this thesis was to summary information about the drug interactions of drugs used in thyroid diseases (levothyroxine, propylthiouracil, thiamazole) and to formulate articles describing the management of interactions in a clinical practice including information for the dispensation of these drugs. To compare the information presented in each database and to determine the degree of conformity between these sources. Methodology: Based on the use of numerous information sources (Micromedex, UpToDate, SPC, Stockley's Drug Interactions) lists of drug interactions of drugs used in thyroid disaeses were established. Information about these interactions were completed by findings from other sources (PubMed®, scientific reports, Google Scholar). The information presented in each of these...
- Published
- 2017
35. Soubor kazuistik z farmakologie
- Author
-
Zendulka Ondřej, Juřica Jan, Landa Leoš, Máchalová Alena, Dovrtělová Gabriela, Kostková Hana, Merhautová Jana, and Nosková Kristýna
- Subjects
pharmacology ,case report ,drug interactions ,adverse drug reactions ,farmakologie ,kazuistika ,lékové interakce ,nežádoucí účinky léčiv - Abstract
Publikace Soubor kazuistik z farmakologie přibližuje použití léčiv v reálné klinické praxi a interaktivní formou představuje některé z nežádoucích účinků či nevhodných kombinací léčiv. Vychází z reálných případů publikovaných v domácích a zahraničních odborných periodicích a je určen především studentům Všeobecného lékařství. The collection of prepared cases is based on the real cases published in the scientific journals and is intended for the students of General medicine. The aim of this study material is to give insight to the use of drugs in the clinical practice and to introduce some of the adverse reactions and unsuitable drug combinations in this attractive and interactive form. The reports are classified into three subgroups with regard to the relation of their content to the medical subspecialities.
- Published
- 2016
36. Vliv positivně inotropních a antiarytmických farmak na kardiovaskulární systém
- Author
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Kočková, Radka, Linhart, Aleš, Janoušek, Jan, and Štengl, Milan
- Subjects
animal structures ,embryonic structures ,teratogenicita ,embryotoxicita ,embryonální srdce ,arytmie ,bradykardie ,pregnancy ,teratogenicity ,ibutilid fumarate ,drug interaction ,embryotoxicity ,beta-blocking agents ,signalizační kaskáda ,těhotenství ,adenylát-cykláza ,ivabradine ,lékové interakce ,digoxin ,adenylate cyclase ,atrial fibrillation ,arrhythmia ,beta-blokátory ,embryonic heart ,ibutilide fumarate ,toxicita ,G protein ,signalling cascade ,toxicity ,fibrilace síní ,bradycardia - Abstract
Heart rate changes mediate the embryotoxic effect of antiarrhythmic drugs in the chick embryo A significant increase in cardiovascular medication use during pregnancy has occurred in recent years but only limited evidence on its safety profile is available. We hypothesized that drug-induced bradycardia is the leading mechanism of developmental toxicity. We tested metoprolol, carvedilol, or ivabradine for embryotoxicity and their acute effect on chick embryonic model. We used video microscopy and ultrasound biomicroscopy. Significant dose-dependent mortality was achieved in embryos injected with carvedilol and ivabradine. In ED4 embryos, metoprolol, carvedilol and ivabradine reduced the heart rate by 33%, 27%, and 55%, respectively, compared to controls (6%). In ED8 embryos this effect was more pronounced with a heart rate reduction by 71%, 54%, 53%, respectively (controls 36%). Cardiac output decreased in all tested groups but only proved significant in the metoprolol group in ED8 embryos. The number of -adrenergic receptors showed a downward tendency during embryonic development but a negative chronotropic effect of tested drugs was increasingly pronounced with embryonic maturity. This effect was associated with reduced cardiac output in chick embryos, probably leading to premature death....
- Published
- 2015
37. Drug interactions of cardiovascular drugs and their analysis in the patients of community pharmacy II
- Author
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Skořepová, Lenka, Malý, Josef, and Babica, Jan
- Subjects
rizika farmakoterapie ,pharmaceutical care ,Léčiva kardiovaskulárního systému ,lékové interakce ,farmaceutická péče ,Cardiovascular drugs - Abstract
Drug interactions of cardiovascular drugs and their analysis in the patients of community pharmacy II. Author: Lenka Skořepová1 Tutor: PharmDr. Josef Malý, Ph.D.1 1 Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Charles university in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Introduction: Drug interactions are a major cause of toxicity, side effects of drugs and increase the risk of harm to the patient. The pharmacist has an indispensable role in the process of minimizing risks and resolving of drug interactions. Objectives: The aim of the thesis was to carry out a research focused on drug interactions of selected groups of cardiovascular drugs and to describe their management in clinical practice, which could be used during dispensing medicine. Then was evaluated occurrence of these drug interactions in pharmacotherapy of community pharmacy patients. Methods: With the help of selected databases were described individual drug interactions of ACEI and created their management in clinical practice. Sample of patients of community pharmacy was screened for drug interactions. The data were processed by retrospective analysis. For 12 patients with drug interactions were processed case reports and tested solution of drug interactions with using of described management of drug interactions during the...
- Published
- 2015
38. Interaction of drugs used in gynecology and urology and their management
- Author
-
Kupka, Vojtěch, Doseděl, Martin, and Kostřiba, Jan
- Subjects
gynekologie ,urology ,drug interactions ,lékové interakce ,gynecology ,urologie - Abstract
Interaction of drugs used in gynecology and urology and their management Author: Kupka Vojtěch Tutor: PharmDr. Martin Doseděl Ph.D., Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Introduction: Drug interactions represent a serious health problem and they cause adverse drug effects and toxicity of drugs. Objectives: The goal of the thesis was to create an overview of possible drug interactions with drugs used in gynecological and urological practice. Methodology: From a theroretical introduction was selected registred drugs to 1 st January 2015 by State Institute for Drug Controle. Information about drug interactions were collected and collated from databases Vademecum Infopharm and Micromedex. From database Micromedex, the drug interactions were selected with quality of documentation "excellent" or "good". Pubmed database (www.pubmed.gov) with entering key words "basic drug", "drug interaction" and "interactive drug" was applied to create a current information. To complement the information was also gathered from magazines Practical Pharmacy and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy. In case of not finding relevant information was drawn from the summary information of medicine (SPC). Results: The results were categorized into a research...
- Published
- 2015
39. Drug interactions of cardiovascular drugs and their analysis in the patients of community pharmacy
- Author
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Vávrová, Zuzana, Malý, Josef, and Matoulková, Petra
- Subjects
rizika farmakoterapie ,pharmaceutical care ,Léčiva kardiovaskulárního systému ,lékové interakce ,farmaceutická péče ,Cardiovascular drugs - Abstract
Drug interactions of cardiovascular drugs and their analysis in the patients of community pharmacy Author: Zuzana Vávrová1 Tutor: PharmDr. Josef Malý, Ph.D.1 1 Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Introduction: Drug interactions represent a serious health problem and they cause many hospitalizations. Although their identification and documentation received a considerable attention, they remain unrecognized for many patients. Objectives: The goal of the thesis was to analyze serious drug interactions between cardiovascular drugs, to describe their management in clinical practice, which is useful during dispensation, and to evaluate occurrence of these drug interaction in a community pharmacy. Methodology: The information was gained from several databases and compared, and afterwards management of major drug interactions of betablockers and calcium channel blockers was created. Patients of a community pharmacy were screened for these drug interactions. The data were processed by frequency analysis. Results: In the theoretical part, 94 drug interactions were analysed. The total number of patients who received betablockers or calcium channel blockers in the community pharmacy was 525. Serious drug interactions described in this...
- Published
- 2014
40. Aplikace současných doporučených postupů u arteriální hypertenze v dospělém věku u hypertoniků s vysokým rizikem v klinické praxi
- Author
-
Kvasnička, Jiří, Vojáček, Jan, Vojtíšek, Petr, Vorel, František, Holý, Jiří, Kvasnička, Jiří, Vojáček, Jan, Vojtíšek, Petr, Vorel, František, and Holý, Jiří
- Abstract
Cílem práce bylo zejména zjistit, zda hypertonici s vysokým a velmi vysokým kardiovaskulárním rizikem dosahují cílových hodnot krevního tlaku (TK) (v kohortě A), zda těchto hodnot dosahují v průběhu času (v kohortě B) a zda u těchto hypertoniků lze edukací zvýšit úroveň znalostí o jejich chorobě a její léčbě (v kohortě C). Práce potvrzuje, že tito nemocní cílové hodnoty TK při ambulantním monitorování TK nedosahují, cílové hodnoty TK nebylo dosaženo ani časem. Úroveň znalostí hypertoniků o jejich chorobě a její léčbě edukací však zvýšit lze. Stále tedy existují rezervy jak ve farmakologické léčbě, tak v adherenci hypertoniků k léčbě a k režimovým opatřením., The aim of the thesis was mainly to find out ob these patients with hypertension with a high and a very high cardiovascular risk reach the target value of blood pressure (in the group A), ob they can reach the target value in the course of time (in the group B) and ob it is possible to increase a level of knowledge of patients with hypertension about their disease and it´s treatment (in the group C). The thesis confirms that these patients do not reach the target value of the blood pressure by the ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and that they do not reach the target value of the blood pressure even in the course of time. It is possible to increase a level of knowledge of patients with hypertension about their disease and it´s treatment. It means that reserves still exist both in the pharmacologic treatment and in keeping of patients with hypertension of measures in lifestyle., Katedra ošetřovatelství, Obhajobu disertační práce zahájil předseda komise, který představil studenta a seznámil komisi s průběhem studia, tematickým zaměřením disertační práce a přehledem publikovaných prací, mající vztah k tématu. Následovala strukturovaná prezentace doktoranda, který seznámil přítomné s postupem při řešení tématu disertační práce a dosaženými výsledky. V závěru svého vystoupení provedl hodnocení přínosů práce pro obor a možnosti využití v ošetřovatelské praxi. Na závěr uvedl souhrnné údaje o své dosavadní publikační činnosti vztahující se k tématu disertační práce. Školitel seznámil komisi se svým stanoviskem k průběhu studia a k obhajobě disertační práce. V následující části přednesli svoje hodnocení oponenti. Za nepřítomného oponenta prof. MUDr. Jana Vojáčka, DrSc. seznámil členy komise s oponentským posudkem prof. MUDr. Arnošt Pellant, DrSc. Oponenti se shodli v názoru, že předložená disertační práce splňuje podmínky podle zákona o vysokých školách č. 111/1998, Sb. a podle Studijního a zkušebního řádu Univerzity Pardubice a Fakulty zdravotnických studií.Student aktivně reagoval na připomínky a dotazy oponentů a odpověděl na dobré odborné úrovni na položené dotazy. Ve veřejné diskuzi se vyjádřili členové komise k disertační práci, ocenili odbornou úroveň získaných výsledků a poznatků, možnosti konkrétního využití v praxi a kvalitu publikovaných prací se vztahem k tématu disertační práce. Na neveřejném zasedání komise, za nepřítomnosti studenta a hostů, bylo provedeno zhodnocení disertační práce takto:Student dobře prezentoval předkládanou práci, která je přínosem pro obor. Svým vystoupením v diskuzi student prokázal odpovídající odborné znalosti z řešené problematiky. Prokázal požadované schopnosti pro samostatnou vědeckou i experimentální práci. Následovalo tajné hlasování členů komise pro obhajobu disertační práce.
- Published
- 2013
41. Metody in silico predikce nežádoucích účinků léčiv
- Author
-
Provazník, Ivo, Lexa,, Matej, Berka,, Karel, Provazník, Ivo, Lexa,, Matej, and Berka,, Karel
- Abstract
Vývoj a výzkum léčiv je oblastí současné vědy, jejíž nedílnou součástí je i využití výpočetních metod. Z důvodu nákladnosti a časové náročnosti laboratorních přístupů, metody in silico sehrávají svou významnou roli. I přes rychlý vývoj výpočetních technik využívaných při vývoji léků, však není drtivá většina zkoumaných molekul v procesu vývoje úspěšná a do schvalovací fáze nepostoupí. Nejen proto se nejmodernější strategie návrhu potenciálních nových léčiv zaměřují na opětovné zkoumání již schválených léků a berou do úvahy i analýzu podobností. Tato práce popisuje vývoj a aplikaci souboru několika workflow, jež byl vytvořen v rámci analytické platformy KNIME a jež implementuje metody strojového učení za účelem predikce nežádoucích účinků léčiv. Součástí prezentovaných workflow je získání dat, jejich předzpracování, výpočet metrik podobností a provedení explorační analýzy. Následně je využito klasifikačních modelů k predikci specifických nežádoucích účinků léčiv. Tato predikce vychází z principů technik založených na podobnosti. K natrénování modelů rozhodovacích stromů pro predikci potenciální asociace nežádoucích účinků s léčivy byly využity strukturní a jiné podobnosti schválených molekul léčiv. Hlavní přínos práce spočívá především v přenositelnosti použitých metod. Soubor workflow je určen k využití jako vhodný nástroj k řešení výzkumných otázek ohledně podobnosti léčiv a jelikož analytická platforma KNIME poskytuje uživatelsky přívětivé grafické rozhraní, není nutné, aby měli uživatelé pokročilé zkušenosti v oblasti strojového učení nebo programování, aby mohli soubor navržených workflow v rámci této platformy pro své analýzy využít., Drug discovery is a field of contemporary science, which has encompassed the use of various computational methods. Wet lab approaches are costly and time-consuming and hence, in silico methods play an important role. Notwithstanding the progress of computational techniques applied in drug discovery in the last few decades, the great majority of the investigational compounds still do not succeed in reaching the final approval stage. Not only for this reason state-of-the-art drug design strategies focus on reinvestigating already approved drugs and drug similarity analyzes are crucial to consider. This work presents the development and application of a set of workflows created within the KNIME Analytics Platform which implements an approach using machine-learning methods for drug side effect prediction. The presented set of workflows deals with data retrieval, pre-processing, similarity metrics computation and data exploratory analysis. Consequently, classification models are applied to predict specific side effects of drugs. The prediction is based on similarity-based techniques. Structural and other similarities of approved drug molecules were used to train the decision tree models for the prediction of potential drug-side effect associations. The main advantage of the work is the re-usability of the applied techniques. Our set of workflows provides an environment allowing for new research questions in terms of drug similarity to be addressed. Moreover, as the workflows created within KNIME Analytics Platform provide a user-friendly graphical interface, users do not require any advanced experience in machine learning or programming to perform their studies using the designed workflows.
42. Metody in silico predikce nežádoucích účinků léčiv
- Author
-
Provazník, Ivo, Lexa,, Matej, Berka,, Karel, Provazník, Ivo, Lexa,, Matej, and Berka,, Karel
- Abstract
Vývoj a výzkum léčiv je oblastí současné vědy, jejíž nedílnou součástí je i využití výpočetních metod. Z důvodu nákladnosti a časové náročnosti laboratorních přístupů, metody in silico sehrávají svou významnou roli. I přes rychlý vývoj výpočetních technik využívaných při vývoji léků, však není drtivá většina zkoumaných molekul v procesu vývoje úspěšná a do schvalovací fáze nepostoupí. Nejen proto se nejmodernější strategie návrhu potenciálních nových léčiv zaměřují na opětovné zkoumání již schválených léků a berou do úvahy i analýzu podobností. Tato práce popisuje vývoj a aplikaci souboru několika workflow, jež byl vytvořen v rámci analytické platformy KNIME a jež implementuje metody strojového učení za účelem predikce nežádoucích účinků léčiv. Součástí prezentovaných workflow je získání dat, jejich předzpracování, výpočet metrik podobností a provedení explorační analýzy. Následně je využito klasifikačních modelů k predikci specifických nežádoucích účinků léčiv. Tato predikce vychází z principů technik založených na podobnosti. K natrénování modelů rozhodovacích stromů pro predikci potenciální asociace nežádoucích účinků s léčivy byly využity strukturní a jiné podobnosti schválených molekul léčiv. Hlavní přínos práce spočívá především v přenositelnosti použitých metod. Soubor workflow je určen k využití jako vhodný nástroj k řešení výzkumných otázek ohledně podobnosti léčiv a jelikož analytická platforma KNIME poskytuje uživatelsky přívětivé grafické rozhraní, není nutné, aby měli uživatelé pokročilé zkušenosti v oblasti strojového učení nebo programování, aby mohli soubor navržených workflow v rámci této platformy pro své analýzy využít., Drug discovery is a field of contemporary science, which has encompassed the use of various computational methods. Wet lab approaches are costly and time-consuming and hence, in silico methods play an important role. Notwithstanding the progress of computational techniques applied in drug discovery in the last few decades, the great majority of the investigational compounds still do not succeed in reaching the final approval stage. Not only for this reason state-of-the-art drug design strategies focus on reinvestigating already approved drugs and drug similarity analyzes are crucial to consider. This work presents the development and application of a set of workflows created within the KNIME Analytics Platform which implements an approach using machine-learning methods for drug side effect prediction. The presented set of workflows deals with data retrieval, pre-processing, similarity metrics computation and data exploratory analysis. Consequently, classification models are applied to predict specific side effects of drugs. The prediction is based on similarity-based techniques. Structural and other similarities of approved drug molecules were used to train the decision tree models for the prediction of potential drug-side effect associations. The main advantage of the work is the re-usability of the applied techniques. Our set of workflows provides an environment allowing for new research questions in terms of drug similarity to be addressed. Moreover, as the workflows created within KNIME Analytics Platform provide a user-friendly graphical interface, users do not require any advanced experience in machine learning or programming to perform their studies using the designed workflows.
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