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The messages on gender roles given through fairy tales, which contain elements related to the structure of society, cause children to internalize the knowledge and behavioral patterns they have acquired since their early ages, to be exhibited at later ages. This study was carried out to scrutinize the gender norms in Kyrgyz and Turkish fairy tales, revealing their similarities and differences, and examining the reflection of these norms on social life. A case study model, one of the qualitative research methods, was used and data was collected through document review and interview techniques. The documents (fables), used in the study, were determined using the stratified purposeful sampling method. Among the tales reached in the first stage, the ones in the realistic tale type and enriched with extraordinary elements were selected: a Kyrgyz and a Turkish tale with a family theme were selected from these tales. Tales were examined in terms of the gender norms they contain. The contents of the tales were analyzed in detail with the descriptive analysis technique. Individual interviews were conducted with 2 Kyrgyz students living in Türkiye and 2 Turkish students living in Kyrgyzstan, and the data were analyzed with the descriptive analysis technique. In the research, different gender norms in both tales were determined and it was concluded that these norms were reflected in social life. These norms have emerged in the form of supporting the patriarchal structure in the Turkish fairy tale while in the Kyrgyz fairy tale, the woman is considered to be precious.

Copyright of Turkic Studies Journal is the property of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bylye Gody is the property of Cherkas Global University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of RumeliDE Journal of Language & Literature Research / RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of RumeliDE Uluslararasi Hakemli Dil & Edebiyat Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: The study deploys an ethnolinguistic conceptual framework to examine variations in different dimensions of marital conservatism in the Kyrgyz Republic, a post-Soviet nation in Central Asia, focusing on enduring, yet evolving, Russian linguo-cultural influence. Background: The global transformation of family and marriage systems has produced diverse local normative patterns that are historically rooted but are also reflective of context-specific contemporary socio-cultural, political, and economic transitions. The study investigates these patterns in a multi-ethnic setting where Soviet-era legacies, culturally pivoted on the use of the Russian language, have combined with post-Soviet exposure to both Western influences and rising neotraditionalism. Method: The study uses data from two rounds of a nationally representative cross-sectional householdbased survey, with each round including standardized interviews with over 2000 men and women aged 18-49. Multi-level regression models are fitted to predict ethnolinguistic variations in attitudes toward premarital chastity, optimal marriage age, support for parental preeminence in marital decisions, support for ethnic endogamy, and opposition to divorce, while accounting for universal correlates of marital conservatism, such as education, religiosity, and urbanicity. For most outcomes, the analyses examine separately how these attitudes apply to women versus men. Results: The results demonstrate the persistent normative imprints of the Russian linguistic and cultural influence but also instructive variations in them across the specific outcomes. They also suggest an overall rise in some aspects of marital conservatism. Conclusion: The findings elucidate the unique multidimensional complexities of family and marital change in transitional Eurasia, yet also its similarities with other post-colonial contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on fieldwork among older Kyrgyz people who become old in the absence of their relatives, this paper explores the afterlife as a horizon of possibility which intersects with the everyday in ways that collapse distinctions between the transcendent and the immanent. The ancestor spirits—who play a central role in many Kyrgyz peoples' practice of Islam—often settle in peoples' homes as connections with living others fade. They are seen as bridges to the afterlife—a life many of the older people long for—but they tend to encourage them to stay. I explore these moments as moments of divine presence which place people in the virtue of sabr , patience or perseverance, and argue that while Muslim virtues may be cultivated through active engagement with Islamic ideals and values, they may also be present in more spectral forms: in, for example, a vague sense that one's existence—however unimportant it may seem—may matter and be virtuous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the tribal structure of the Kyrgyz and Altai peoples. Based on the works of well-known researchers in the field of ethnology, the author focuses on the ethnogenetic ties between the Kyrgyz and the Altaians, primarily with the southern Altaians. The paper reveals the author's view on the problem of ethnic ties of these communities, which has been studied with involvement of field materials. The author gives an interpretation of certain tribal and clan names among the Kyrgyz and Altaians and shows their similarity which reflects the ancient ethnogenetic ties. The reasons for the identical names were the migration of the Kyrgyz to the west in the Middle Ages, their settlement in the territories of the Mongolian Altai mountains and the source of the Irtysh River valley. The collected data show that medieval nomadic tribes living in the Altai Region and the Irtysh Region participated in the formation of two ethnic groups. The conclusions obtained as a result of the study complement the picture of the Kyrgyz-Altai relations.

Copyright of RumeliDE Journal of Language & Literature Research / RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of RumeliDE Uluslararasi Hakemli Dil & Edebiyat Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ensuring the rights and interests of juveniles involved in criminal activities is one of the priority tasks of the criminal justice system, but deprivation of liberty continues to be the most common punishment for children. The purpose of the study presented in this article is to determine the specifics of diversion (diverting) of juveniles from criminal justice and to consider the peculiarities of this legal institution in the justice system of the Kyrgyz Republic. The research employed both general scientific and specific legal methodologies, including logical-semantic, dialectical, abstract-logical, system-functional, historical, system-structural, comparative legal, and information legal methods. The study included consideration of the concept of diversion (diverting) of children from criminal justice, its difference from similar institutions (probation). The factors that determine the need for the earliest possible diversion (diverting) of a child from criminal justice, due to his or her age-related psychophysiological characteristics, were identified. International standards in the field of protecting children, particularly those related to the practice of diverting children from the criminal justice system, are considered. The main aspects of implementing international law on diversion of children within Kyrgyzstanʼs legal framework are identified and analyzed, alongside an examination of relevant provisions in national legislation. Drawing from the experiences of countries like Poland and Georgia, which have successfully implemented this legal mechanism, areas for potential improvement in the regulatory framework are identified. These include defining characteristics of the diversion process such as applicable stages, eligible offenses and age criteria for offenders, as well as the integration of mediation alongside diversion practices. Based on the results of the study, amendments to the national legislation of Kyrgyzstan are proposed, which can be used in the process of drafting bills to improve national legislation on juvenile justice and justice for children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studia Migracyjne Przegląd Polonijny is the property of Wydzial Studiow Miedzynarodowych i Politycznych UJ oraz Polska Akademia Umiejetnosci and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of AIDS & Behavior is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article describes the population of Shakhrisabz province, ethnic composition, lifestyle and geographical location of the population. In particular, the fact that the population belonging to the Uzbek and other ethnic groups settled and was engaged in agriculture, animal husbandry, crafts and trade, while the population living in rural areas was located according to clans and tribes, the distribution of the population in urban areas, ethnic composition and social status of their craft and trading activities, information related to it is presented on the basis of various sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the names of the days of the week used in Kyrgyz language. Week-day names borrowed from Persian and Arabic are used more formally. In colloquial speech week-day names made from the combination of ordinal adjectives and the word kün "day" are very common. In this paper it has been shown that there is a discrepancy between the ordinal adjectives in the week-day names borrowed from Persian and the ordinal adjectives in the native Kyrgyz week-day names used in spoken Kyrgyz language. And the reasons of this case have been tried to be explained. Attention was also paid to the names of weekend holidays, which have an important place in determining the beginning of the week. The seven-day cycle is officially used all over the world these days. The reasons why the seven-day week is more common among other weeks (five-day, eight-day or ten-day weeks) are also mentioned. In order to research all these issues from different perspectives, the concept of week, the names of the weekdays, and the weekend holidays in different cultures are also emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of International Civilization Studies is the property of Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkish Studies - Language & Literature is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Kyrgyz are one of the Turkic peoples that have had extensive contact with Mongolian tribes throughout history, and their language has one of the largest numbers of loanwords of Mongolian origin. Careful analysis shows that these words were borrowed from several historical Mongolian idioms at various times. Western Mongolian loanwords make up the most recent stratum in terms of chronology. They were acquired in the 16th–18th centuries from Western Mongolian idioms, whose living successors are Oirat and Kalmyk. This article is the first attempt to deal specifically with loanwords from Western Mongolian languages to a particular Turkic language. The author of the paper offers numerous, especially phonological, criteria, for identifying Western Mongolian loanwords in Kyrgyz, and provides examples that meet these criteria. The fact that Mongolian loanwords from the late period are more prevalent than those from earlier layers, and that they also include examples related to Lamaism, Mongolian culture and ethnography, suggests that the Oirat-Kalmyk and Kyrgyz tribes had more intensive interaction than is often recognized.

Abstract Objective To understand the status and influencing factors of Kyrgyz chronic disease prevention literacy, and to explore the impact of chronic disease prevention literacy on behavior and living habits. Method Using stratified sampling method, Kyrgyz residents aged ≥ 18 years in Artush City, Aheqi County and Ucha County were surveyed by questionnaire. Results A total of 10,468 subjects were investigated, and the literacy rate of chronic disease prevention in Kyrgyz was 11.2%. The results of Logistic regression analysis showed that the literacy rate of chronic disease prevention was low among people with low education level, herdsmen, low income, urban and chronic disease (P

Objective: To understand the status and influencing factors of Kyrgyz chronic disease prevention literacy, and to explore the impact of chronic disease prevention literacy on behavior and living habits. Method: Using stratified sampling method, Kyrgyz residents aged ≥ 18 years in Artush City, Aheqi County and Ucha County were surveyed by questionnaire. Results: A total of 10,468 subjects were investigated, and the literacy rate of chronic disease prevention in Kyrgyz was 11.2%. The results of Logistic regression analysis showed that the literacy rate of chronic disease prevention was low among people with low education level, herdsmen, low income, urban and chronic disease (P < 0.05). Residents with chronic disease prevention literacy were more inclined to not smoke, not drink alcohol, drink milk every day, eat soy products every month, eat whole grains every day (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The literacy level of chronic disease prevention of Kyrgyz residents in Kezhou has been improved, but it is still at a low level compared with another subcategories. The behavioral lifestyle is related to the literacy level of chronic disease prevention. Therefore, local health promotion strategies should be developed to improve the literacy level of chronic disease prevention and promote the formation of good behavioral and living habits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Health professional competency building is one of nine national responsibilities (to achieve universal coverage and sustainability) described in the 2018 World Health Organization/UNICEF implementation guidance for the Baby‐Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI). Skilled breastfeeding support as a standard of newborn care is critical to the establishment of lactation and exclusive breastfeeding. This qualitative case study describes the Kyrgyz Republic's experience with health professional competency building related to breastfeeding counselling and support. We interviewed 38 key informants and reviewed national policies and international guidelines related to BFHI. The study found that although the country has a new policy reflecting BFHI global standards and guidance, the policy has not been disseminated nationally. Additionally, the policy lacks guidance on competency monitoring and verification and does not mention preservice training, even though preservice training on breastfeeding support exists. To achieve universal coverage for health professional competencies, the Kyrgyz Republic uses preservice, in‐service and refresher training. However, the main limitations to aligning with the new guidance are a lack of preservice BFHI‐ and breastfeeding‐specific curricula, experienced trainers and sufficient time and funding to dedicate to practical skill development. Conducted during the COVID‐19 pandemic, this study confirmed disruptions to BFHI training and service delivery but also documents the Kyrgyz Republic's resilient strides to mitigate impacts on breastfeeding support through facility‐level individual champions and adjustments to training such as going online. Opportunities exist for strengthening the competencies of service providers through strengthened preservice training, comprehensive and consistent in‐service training, solutions for overworked service providers and clear and sufficiently funded monitoring guidance. Key messages: The Kyrgyz Republic government has proactively enacted policies (Order 1078) reflecting the updated Baby‐Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) guidance and has demonstrated a commitment to institutionalizing BFHI.Insufficient funding and the COVID‐19 pandemic derailed plans for implementing the new policy and guidance beyond the regional levels.There remain gaps in prioritizing, funding, and monitoring breastfeeding counselling and support competency building for both preservice and in‐service.Multi‐sectoral advocacy for BFHI is needed to secure national and local commitment and funding across and beyond the health system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the Taliban's return in 2021, Taliban as a pro-Pashtun movement, have launched a systematic campaign against human rights in Afghanistan that affects all ethnic minority groups including Turkish minorities Kyrgyz Uzbeks Tatar Hazara Qizilbash. Taliban fighters have been accused of helping to forcibly evict Turkish minorities in northern Afghanistan, with the evictions targeting members of the ethnic mainly Uzbek, Turkmen and Hazara communities. Ethnic Uzbeks and Turkmen allege that Pashtuns seized their homes and land in the northern province of Jowzjan with the help of the Taliban. As a de-facto non-recognized government in Afghanistan by any States and the United Nations, the Taliban claims to be the de-jure government by the right of conquest of the capital in a civil war under the customary international law. On the other hand, the legal government of Afghanistan recognized by the United Nations, after its defeat in the civil war, still does not recognized as a government in exile with the capacity of signing international treaties by the United Nations. The recognition of the legal government of Afghanistan by the United Nations and the member States as the "government in exile" is the most important paramount to achieve the protection the Turkish Minorities from ethnic cleansing campaigns of the Taliban. The legality of the "government in exile of Afghanistan" within the United Nations legal system depends on the existing on whether Taliban is an occupying power in Kabul or not. This article aims to prove the existing legal background of the government in exile of Afghanistan for the first time int eh world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physicians are the successors of Bakshis among Kazakhs and Kyrgyz and they have made themselves accepted by the society under the influence of the Islamic belief to continue their existence. They have also carried the remnants of shamanism to the present day with its more traditional aspect. Bakshis, who call themselves physicians today, ask for help from God with their assistant jinns when they start their rituals. While this creates an Islamic effect on the remains of shamanism, it is an indication that it leads to a change in the content of shamanic rituals. The study aims to reveal that Kazakhs and Kyrgyz people still have the remnants of shamanism in their lives, despite accepting the religion of Islam and to clarify the reason for this. In addition, it is to analyze the practice of medicine, which became popular in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan after independence and continues today, and the practices of doctors. This study aims to reveal the shamanic beliefs that still exist among Kazakhs and Kyrgyz. The conditions of the Kazakh and Kyrgyz people to become a physician, their ancestral origin, their relationship with the assistant jinns, the methods and means of examining the patient, the attitude of the society towards the physicians, the reasons for the patients' departure, and the satisfaction of the applicants are the focal points of this study. The study was produced on the example of Kazakh and Kyrgyz physicians and the people who apply to them. This study, in which the interview method was used, was conducted face-to-face with the aforementioned glances and speech, and to a lesser extent, by telephone. The most important duties of these doctors, who serve people who cannot solve their problems by medical means or who prefer tradition to medical sciences, are to cure the evil demons that haunt the patients, to guide people in solving their problems about the future. The treatment tools that medical practice use during the ritual vary according to the disease; they generally use whips, pine trees, medicinal plants grown in the steppe, forty stones, and knucklebones. The number of treatment sessions depends on the extent of the disease. Physicians who believe that medicine is inherited from their ancestors, as in the case of gaze, sincerely believe in their demons and their ability to communicate with them. After the capture, both doctors often see their assistant genies in their dreams and after they are taken down, they execute them on instructions and signs. During the treatment, they do not neglect to read Islamic prayers, they see themselves as devout Muslims. In addition, Kazakh and Kyrgyz people do not have the habit of consulting a psychologist yet, so these physicians also meet society's need for a psychological counselling. As a result, Kazakhs and Kyrgyz, who consider the concepts of good and evil as destiny, believe that they can change their destiny with the help of physicians, as they used to do with the bakshis. This is evidenced by the fact that Kazakh and Kyrgyz society applied to all parts of the society, regardless of whether they were educated or uneducated, young or old, male or female. For this reason, traditional practices such as medicine, which is a heirloom of care, continue and keep alive today without losing their functions in the modern era and places where technology has developed. There is no pressure from the states of Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan towards today's doctors, but they do not receive support either. Ethics committee report was received for publication of the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turcology Research is the property of Ataturk University Coordinatorship of Scientific Journals and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: Xinjiang plays a vital role in the trans‐Eurasian population migration, language diffusion, and culture and technology exchange. However, the underrepresentation of Xinjiang's genomes has hindered a more comprehensive understanding of Xinjiang's genetic structure and population history. Materials and Methods: We collected and genotyped 70 southern Xinjiang's Kyrgyz (SXJK) individuals and combined the data with modern and ancient Eurasians published. We used allele‐frequency methods, including PCA, ADMIXTURE, f‐statistics, qpWave/qpAdm, ALDER, Treemix, and haplotype‐shared methods including shared‐IBD segments, fineSTRUCTURE, and GLOBETROTTER to unveil the fine‐scale population structure and reconstruct admixture history. Results: We identified genetic substructure within the SXJK population with subgroups showing different genetic affinities to West and East Eurasians. All SXJK subgroups were suggested to have close genetic relationships with surrounding Turkic‐speaking groups that is, Uyghur, Kyrgyz from north Xinjiang and Tajikistan, and Chinese Kazakh, suggesting a shared ancestry among those populations. Outgroup‐f3 and symmetrical f4 statistics showed a high genetic affinity of SXJK to present‐day Tungusic, Mongolic‐speaking populations and Ancient Northeast Asian (ANA) related groups. Allele sharing and haplotype sharing profiles revealed the east–west admixture pattern of SXJK. The qpAdm‐based admixture models showed that SXJK derived ancestry from East Eurasian (ANA and East Asian, 42.7%–83.3%) and West Eurasian (Western Steppe herders and Central Asian, 16.7%–57.3%), the recent east–west admixture event could be traced to 1000 years ago based on ALDER and GLOBETROTTER analysis. Discussion: The high genetic affinity of SXJK to present‐day Tungusic and Mongolic‐speaking populations and short‐shared IBD segments indicated their shared common ancestry. SXJK harbored a close genetic affinity to ANA‐related populations, indicating the Northeast Asian origin of SXJK. The West and East Eurasian admixture models observed in SXJK further provided evidence of the dynamic admixture history in Xinjiang. The east–west admixture pattern and the identified ancestral makeup of SXJK suggested a genetic continuity from some Iron Age Xinjiang populations to present‐day SXJK. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkbilig/Turkoloji Arastirmalari Dergisi is the property of Turkbilig/Turkoloji Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research explores the determinants influencing the economic progress of the Kyrgyz Republic within the context of interregional disputes. Situated in Central Asia, the Kyrgyz Republic is a landlocked nation sharing borders with Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and China. Due to its strategic location and proximity to major powers, this region has a history marked by diverse geopolitical influence. Recent local changes stemming from sanctions imposed on the Russian Federation necessitate an examination of strategic concerns in the politico-economic dynamics of the region, specifically in the realm of food security. It is noteworthy that food security represents a multifaceted issue encompassing not only agriculture but also the economic, social, and political dimensions. A country’s ability to ensure food security can be influenced by its geopolitical circumstances. To provide the most current and reliable insights on this subject, this research references the latest reports and open data from international organizations, government bodies, and research institutions specializing in agriculture and food security matters within the Kyrgyz Republic and the broader Central Asian region. Geopolitical instability, in the event of an escalating Russia-Ukraine conflict, may give rise to heightened tensions in the broader region, potentially impacting neighboring nations, such as Kyrgyzstan, which could experience increased uncertainty, diplomatic strains, and regional conflicts that may disrupt the economic well-being of its population. This research scrutinizes the risks and potential opportunities regarding the economic development and food security of the Kyrgyz Republic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turcology Research is the property of Ataturk University Coordinatorship of Scientific Journals and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Motif Academy Journal of Folklore is the property of Motif Yayincilik and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction. The article examines the Chinese written source Xiyu wenjian lu 西域闻见录 (‘Record of Things Seen and Heard in the Western Regions’) by the Manchu official Qishiyi (Chunyuan) and its data on the history and ethnography of Central Asian peoples in the mid-to-late 18th century. Goals. The work seeks to introduce new data on the history of Central Asia contained in Xiyu wenjian lu, analyze various copies and versions of the written source, and provide new information about the author of the composition. Materials and methods. The study explores the Japanese woodblock print edition of 1801 and one modern Chinese edition of 2016, translates some extracts. The work considers various works by Russian and foreign authors regarding the written source, employs the generalizing and comparative research methods, while historical/chronological analysis proves instrumental in investigating certain interesting facts from Xiyu wenjian lu. Results. The paper introduces into scientific circulation new translations of extracts from Qishiyi’s work that significantly supplement and expand data presented in the famous work of N. Ya. Bichurin (Hyacinth) titled ‘Description of Dzungaria and East Turkestan in Ancient and Present Times’. The article contains the most famous copies and versions of Xiyu wenjian lu. The biography of the author is supplemented with new facts of his life that have remained little-known to Russian-speaking researchers. Conclusions. The revealed factual materials from Xiyu wenjian lu show that the work of Manchu official Qishiyi contains original data on historical geography, socioeconomic life of Central Asian peoples, and political situation in the region. Despite its fame, Xiyu wenjian lu is to be thoroughly explored since lots of historical accounts from this source remain unexplored.

One of the common language and cultural elements among Turkic communities is our adages. Adages are stereotypes words that give advice in short and concise. Proverbs in a language are words that can maintain the society's worldview, experiences, culture and traditions, and expressive power for centuries. Proverbs can be transmitted for centuries without changing; sometimes it changes or disappears completely. Like idioms, proverbs can survive in dialects of the same language. Adages in the whole Turkic World spread over a wide area and reflect the common history and culture of the Turks. In this study, the proverbs of the Kyrgyz Turks, one of the important tribes of the Turkic world, about language and speech are discussed. The proverbs are taken from the book named “Kırgız Makal Lakaptarı” published in Kyrgyzstan in 1982. The role and importance of language in society will be evaluated. In the examined proverbs, the purposes for which language and speech are taken will be shown in the form of sub-headings.

The research was carried out as part of the preparation "Water Resources" section of the 4th National Communication of the Kyrgyz Republic to the UNFCCC. The article presents extensive information on the current state and changes over a long period of observations of water resources, climate and glaciation in Kyrgyzstan (Syr-Darya and Amu-Darya river basins). The representative rivers were selected as the main objects, which are transboundary between Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan and Tajikistan. The study aims to assess the inter-annual and intra-annual dynamics of the flow of the rivers for the period from 2020 to 2080, based on the climate projections CMIP5 (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) and CMIP6 (SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5) (IPCC WG II Report, 2022). The hydrological modeling method in the HBV light and HBV EHT models and the inertial mean annual flow change method were used to estimate changes in water resources. On the rivers of the northern part of the Fergana Valley, the average annual runoff is expected to increase by 1-19%, in the Amudarya river basin (Kyzyl-Suu river) - by 27-64% of the values for 2006-2019. In the Naryn river, water discharge for this period will remain within the current values for 2006-2019. The method of inertial change in the average annual runoff showed an increase in runoff for 2030 and 2040 for all the studied catchment areas by 6-19% of the current values for 2006-2020T. he results of the study are intended for decision-makers on the rational use and long-term planning of water resources under climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Religious Studies / Dini Araştırmalar is the property of Diyanet Isleri Baskanligi Yayinlari and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Faculty of Letters / Edebiyat Fakultesi Dergisi is the property of Hacettepe University Faculty of Letters and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The author emphasizes the importance of national traditions in preserving the Kyrgyz identity. The article represents the Kyrgyz national traditions, which are associated with the birth of a child and celebrated in the first year of life. The work introduces readers to the traditions and customs of the Kyrgyz people of the early XX century, described by Soviet ethnographers, and with their modern versions. The author pays attention to a detailed description of the rituals performed and explains the importance of Kyrgyz traditions for representatives of the Kyrgyz ethnic group. The purpose of the article is to familiarize a wide range of readers with the national traditions of the Kyrgyz people, their origins, and their significance. Research methods: The work is built on the methods of observation and description and uses folk traditions observed by members of the Kyrgyz ethnic group as a basis. As a result of this analysis, the author concludes that the traditions of ancient times are of importance to the Kyrgyz people. The author also notes the importance of preserving and observing folk traditions for the people's self-identification as a single ethnic group, not only for the Kyrgyz living on the ancestral territory but also for the Kyrgyz living outside their homeland.

The article examines the small group of Dungan people in Osh, South Kyrgyzstan, who used their ethnic identity as a strategy to maximize their chances of survival by orienting themselves towards different available dominant groups (Uzbeks and Kyrgyz) at different points in time, in contrast to similar Dungan groups in other places. Unlike existing research that suggests that ethnic switching derives from an individual's need, this study conceptualizes the notion of ethnicity as a collective choice through a conceptual framework combining the relational theory of ethnic identity based on a psychological approach and its key concepts such as accessibility, fit, variation and flexibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The diversity of Central Asians has been shaped by multiple migrations and cultural diffusion. Although ancient DNA studies have revealed the demographic changes of the Central Asian since the Bronze Age, the contribution of the ancient populations to the modern Central Asian remains opaque. Herein, we performed high-coverage sequencing of 131 whole genomes of Indo-European-speaking Tajik and Turkic-speaking Kyrgyz populations to explore their genomic diversity and admixture history. By integrating the ancient DNA data, we revealed more details of the origins and admixture history of Central Asians. We found that the major ancestry of present-day Tajik populations can be traced back to the admixture of the Bronze Age Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex and Andronovo-related populations. Highland Tajik populations further received additional gene flow from the Tarim mummies, an isolated ancient North Eurasian–related population. The West Eurasian ancestry of Kyrgyz is mainly derived from Historical Era populations in Xinjiang of China. Furthermore, the recent admixture signals detected in both Tajik and Kyrgyz are ascribed to the expansions of Eastern Steppe nomadic pastoralists during the Historical Era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Bylye Gody is the property of Cherkas Global University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)