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Roundabout capacity estimation has been the subject of several types of research in recent decades. Most of the analyses are based on the empirical or analytical models (e.g. gap acceptance theory) considering various kinds of conflicting flows, namely entry, circulating, and exit-ing flow. The drivers on the exiting flow either obey the traffic rule (use the right-turn indicator) or disobey the traffic rule (do not use the right-turn indicator). Accord-ing to the reviewed literature, the impact of these driv-ers on the roundabout capacity has not been studied to a greater extent. Therefore, this study aims to develop an analytical roundabout capacity estimation model that also takes into account a share of exiting flow. It extends Brilon-Wu’s model, by including the impact of exiting drivers who disobey the traffic rule on the gap accep-tance of the entering drivers. The proposed model was validated using the quasi-observation data generated by a microscopic model. The results obtained by our model were compared with Bovy’ and Yaps’ empirical models as well as Brilon-Wu’s analytical model for a single-lane roundabout. Using the RMSE and regression analysis, it is proved that the proposed model outperforms the exist-ing models in terms of estimating the capacity and delays of roundabouts. Ocena prepustnosti krožišč je bila tema vrste raziskav v zadnjih desetletjih. Večina analiz bazira na empiričnih ali analitičnih modelih (npr. teorija sprejemljivih vrze-li), pri čemer upošteva različne vrste konfliktnih tokov (vhodni, krožni in izhodni tokovi). Vozniki na izvozu la-hko upoštevajo ali pa ne upoštevajo pravila obvezne up-orabe desnega smernega kazalca. Glede na pregledano literaturo vpliv voznikov, ki ne upoštevajo tega pravila, na prepustnost krožišča, ni dobro raziskan. Zato smo se odločili razviti analitični model, ki upošteva tudi del iz-voznega prometnega toka. Ta model nadgrajuje model Brilon-Wu. Predlagani model je bil preverjen z uporabo “kvazi” opazovanih podatkov, ki so bili generirani z up-orabo mikroskopskih simulacij. Rezultate smo primerjali z rezultati empiričnih modelov Bovy in Yap ter z anal-itičnim modelom Brilon-Wu za enopasovna krožišča. Z uporabo RMSE in regresijske analize smo dokaza li, da predlagani model daje boljše rezultate kot do sedaj upo-rabljani modeli.

V diplomski nalogi obravnavam problematično štirikrako križišče na državni cesti Petrovci – Martjanci. Pregled križišča začnem z analizo obstoječega stanja, kjer predstavim trenutno prometno ureditev, tehnične značilnosti in aktualno stanje vozišča. Iz podatkov agencije za varnost prometa RS analiziram prometne nesreče v preteklosti in preučim različne vzroke za ponavljajoče se nesreče. V nadaljevanju predstavim dva različna možna tipa rekonstrukcije obstoječega stanja. Prvi tip rekonstrukcije obsega namestitev dodatnih ukrepov za umirjanje prometa in spremembo obstoječe prometne signalizacije. Drugi tip rekonstrukcije pa obravnava preureditev križišča v krožno križišče. Posamezni postopki določanja elementov so opisani in prikazani, končne rešitve pa predstavljene v prilogah. V prilogah sta prikazani gradbena in prometna situacija za oba tipa rekonstrukcije. In my diploma thesis, I deal with the problematic four-point intersection on the state road Petrovci - Martjanci. I begin the inspection of the intersection with an analysis of the existing situation, where I present the current traffic arrangement, technical characteristics and the current state of the carriageway. From the data of the Traffic Safety Agency of the Republic of Slovenia, I analyze traffic accidents in the past and examine the various causes of repeated accidents. In the following, I present two different possible types of reconstruction of the existing situation. The first type of reconstruction includes the installation of additional traffic calming measures and changes to existing traffic signals. The second type of reconstruction deals with the transformation of the intersection into a roundabout. The individual procedures for determining the elements are described and shown, and the final solutions are presented in the appendices. The annexes show the construction and traffic situation for both types of reconstruction.

Skozi diplomsko delo je predstavljena rekonstrukcija ceste, ki povezuje Cerknico in vas Dolenje Jezero. V prvem delu naloge je opisano območje, kjer se obravnavana cesta nahaja, nato sledi opis pomanjkljivosti cestne infrastrukture, izvedba analize prometnih nesreč in predstavitev prometne obtežbe, ki temelji na postopku ročnega štetja prometa, ki smo ga izvedli v jutranji in popoldanski prometni konici. V nalogi je predstavljena potreba po ureditvi ceste, povečanja parkirišča ob pokopališču in umestitvi kolesarske steze ter pešpoti, saj sta pomembni zaradi varnosti kolesarjev in pešcev, ki so tako domačini kot tudi turisti, ki prispejo na Cerkniško zaradi turistične atraktivnosti okolice Cerknice. S prihodom turistov v kraj se kaže potreba po izboljšanju ceste in vključitvi elementov za turistično dejavnost. Izdelana je bila idejna zasnova ureditve ceste skupaj s cestnimi elementi za pešce in kolesarje med Cerknico in Dolenjim Jezerom. Poleg tega smo izdelali tudi idejno varianto povečanja parkirišča pri pokopališču v Cerknici, saj parkirišče ni namenjeno le obiskovalcem pokopališča tem več tudi turistom, ki prihajajo na Cerkniško. Graduation Thesis presets reconstruction of road connecting Cerknica and the village of Dolenje Jezero. The first part describes area, where the road is located, followed by description of road infrastructure deficiencies, accident analysis and traffic volume presentation based on a manual traffic counting procedure, which we carried out in the morning and afternoon peak hours. The thesis presents the need for the road improvement,increasing the parking area next to the cemetery and the location of a cycle path and a pedestrian walkway, as these are important for the safety of cyclists and pedestrians, who are both locals and tourists who come to Cerknica because of the tourist attractiveness of the Cerknica area. With the arrival of tourists in the town, there is a need to improve the road and to include elements for tourist activity. A conceptual design has been drawn up for the road layout, including pedestrian and cycling elements, between Cerknica and Dolenj Jezero. In addition, a conceptual option for enlarging the parking lot at the Cerknica cemetery has been developed, as the parking lot is not only for visitors to the cemetery, but also for tourists coming to Cerknica.

Naloga obravnava analizo štirikrakega križišča na območju OŠ Mozirje. Samo križišče ni toliko obremenjeno kolikor je nevarno za udeležence, kateri so predvsem otroci. Stalna problematika v križiščih je neupoštevanje omejitve hitrosti. V okviru naloge sem preštela promet in ga tudi opazovala. Z opazovanjem križišča sem predstavila problematiko samega križišča. Križišču je bilo potrebno zagotoviti dodatno varnost. Rešitev sem iskala v krožnih križiščih, katera omogočajo predvsem umiritev prometa in s tem posledično zmanjšanje hitrosti. Na koncu sem rešitev tudi predstavila. This assignment deals with the analysis of a four-way intersection in the area of the Mozirje Primary School. The intersection itself is not as busy as it is dangerous for the users, who are mainly children. Disregard of speed limits are a constant problem at intersections. As part of the exercise, I counted and observed traffic. By observing the intersection, I presented the problems of the intersection itself. The intersection had to be provided with additional safety. The junction needed additional safety. I looked for a solution in roundabouts, which mainly allow traffic to calm down and thus reduce speeds. At the very end, I described some possibilities to solve some existing problem.

Diplomska naloga obravnava študijo rekonstrukcije križišča in nevarnega priključka na regionalni cesti v naselju Ozeljan. Na podlagi štetja prometa, analize prometnih nesreč in pregledu obstoječih značilnosti križišča, je bila izvedena kapacitetna analiza in analiza prometne varnosti obstoječega križišča. Predstavljene so tri variantne rešitve obstoječega križišča in priključka, katere so varnostno in kapacitetno analizirane ter med seboj primerjane. Na podlagi primerjave je predlagana najustreznejša varianta in sicer na nivoju idejne zasnove. Predlagana projektna rešitev z izvedbo krožišča je sestavljena v skladu s trenutno veljavnimi smernicami, tehničnimi specifikacijami za javne ceste in krožišča. The diploma thesis deals with the study of the reconstruction of the intersection and the dangerous connection on the regional roads in the settlement of Ozeljan. Based on the traffic count, the traffic accidents were analyzed in the review of the existing characteristics of the intersection, a powerful analysis and traffic safety analysis of the existing intersection were performed. Three variants of the solution of the existing intersection and the connection are presented, which are analyzed in terms of safety and performance. Based on the comparison, the most appropriate version is proposed, namely at the level of conceptual design. The proposed project solution with the implementation of the roundabout is based on the currently valid guidelines, technical specifications for public roads and roundabouts.

Raziskava skuša odgovoriti na vprašanje namena in pomena okraševanja krožišč za pobudnike okrasitve kot tudi prebivalce treh slovenskih občin: Novo mesto, Sevnica in Trebnje. Vodilna ideja je, da podobe na sredinskih otokih krožišč raziskanih občin po predstavah njihovih pobudnikov predstavljajo identiteto kraja, ki se uporablja za trženje kraja, podjetij in posameznikov. Razprava o umetniškem vrednotenju okrašenih krožišč pomaga k boljšemu razumevanju procesa okraševanja in delovanja občin, kar se kaže tudi skozi (ne)upoštevanje zakonodaje pri okraševanju krožišč. V besedilu je tudi odprto vprašanje o vrsti prostora sredinskih otokov krožišč, in sicer ali dejansko gre za javni prostor, kot je najpogosteje predstavljeno. The research seeks to answer the question of the purpose and importance of decorating roundabouts for the decorating initiators, as well as the inhabitants of three Slovenian municipalities: Novo mesto, Sevnica and Trebnje. The main idea is that the representations on the central islands of the roundabouts of the surveyed municipalities, according to the initiators, represent the identity of place, which is used for promotion of place, companies and individuals. The discussion about the art value of the representations helps better understanding of the process of decorating and funcioning of municipalities, which is also reflected in the (non) compliance of legislation in the decorating of roundabouts. The text also raises the question of the type of space of the central islands of roundabouts, mostly, whether it is a public space, as is often presented.

V diplomski nalogi je analizirano trikrako križišče. V začetnem delu je predstavljena obstoječe stanje. Nato je izvedena tehnična analiza cestnih elementov in ostalih dejavnikov v križišču. Podan je pregled nesreč in izvedeno štetje prometne obremenitve. V naslednjem koraku so definirani glavni problemi, ki so bili najdeni tekom tehnične analize in pri opazovanju prometa med štetjem. Za rekonstrukcijo so predlagane tri rešitve. Prva je zaradi nesmiselnosti zavržena, drugi dve pa sta bolj natančno opisani. Ena izmed rešitev je pospeševalni pas med voznimi pasovi. Pravilnika za njegovo projektiranje v Sloveniji ne poznamo, zato je v nalogi raziskan kako in na kakšnih križiščih ga projektirajo v tujini. Največji poudarek je narejen na določevanje dolžine pospeševalnega pasu. Le-ta je odvisna od prometne obremenitve GPS, hitrosti vozil v križišču in njihovo zmožnost pospeševanja. Kot druga možnost rekonstrukcije sta predstavljeni dve krožišči. Vse rešitve so narisane v Avtocadu na podlogah ortofoto za lažjo vizualno predstavo. The graduation thesis analyses the three-way intersection. First part presents the existing condition. In the next step there is technical analysis of the road elements and other factors with major effects on traffic. An overview of accidents is given, and traffic is counted. Main problems of the intersection are defined. For reconstruction of crossing are given three different solutions. First one suggests traffic light installation. This solution is meaningless because there would be flow problems and congestion in the rush hours. Other two solutions are described in more detail. First one suggests construction of MAL (median acceleration lane). In Slovenia there is no rules and recommendations for MAL construction. Big emphasis is done on MALs length. The length depends on the traffic loads and ability of vehicles to accelerate. As third option two roundabouts are presented. They are described in more details. All solutions are drawn in AutoCAD on orthophoto pads for easier visual representation.

Diplomska naloga opisuje analizo spremembe Glavnega trga v mestu Sevnica po celostni prometni strategiji (CPS) in predstavitev lastnih idej za spremembe z upoštevanjem trajnostne mobilnosti, da bo stanje zadovoljivo za vse udeležence v prometu. V nalogi bom najprej predstavil, kako se je občina Sevnica lotila problematike, funkcionalnosti in spremembe podobe starega mestnega jedra. Nato bom njihove ideje analiziral in poskušal najti optimalne rešitve za izboljšavo trenutnega stanja. Obenem bom tudi poskušal polepšati podobo propadajočega jedra Sevnice. Trenutno stanje ne omogoča varnega in učinkovitega javnega prevoza, kot je avtobus. Prav tako ni poskrbljeno za kolesarje. Tako bo glavni del naloge poskrbeti za te udeležence v prometu. Ogromno parkirnih mest kvari podobo središča, tako bom te v večji meri prestavil na druge lokacije. Parkirna mesta, ki jih bom ohranil, bom pravilno uredil za vse udeležence in dodal ukrepe, ki bodo zmanjšali potrebo po teh parkirnih mestih. The thesis describes the analysis of the change in the Main Market in the town of Sevnica according to the integrated Trasport Strategy (CPS) and the presentation of its ideas for change, taking into account sustainable mobility, to be satisfactory for all road users. In my paper, I will first present how the goverment of sevnica tackled the problems, the functionality and the appearance of the old town center. Then I will analyze their ideas and try to find optimal solutions to improve the current situation. At the same time, I’ll also try to imrove the looks of town center in Sevnica. Current situation does not allow for safe and efficient public transport such as bus . There is also no provision for cyclists. Thus, the main part of the task is to take care of them . Huge parking spoils the appearance of the heart , so I will largely move it to other locations . Parking lots which I kept , I’ll edit for all participants and added measures which will reduce the consumption of these spacious areas.

Diplomska naloga obravnava prometno problematiko odseka regionalne ceste prvega reda. Po splošni predstavitvi prometne varnosti v uvodnem delu sledi prometno tehnična analiza obravnavanega odseka, na podlagi katere je določen nivo usluge prometnice. Posebna pozornost je namenjena tudi komentarjem ustreznosti ureditve cestnih priključkov na regionalno cesto in komentarjem ureditve avtobusnih postajališč. Prometno varnostna analiza odseka na podlagi baze podatkov Javne agencije Republike Slovenije za varnost prometa zajema obravnavo prometnih nezgod in določitev območij, na katerih se nezgode najpogosteje pojavljajo. V zadnjem delu so predstavljeni predlogi ukrepov za povečanje prometne varnosti na obravnavanem odseku. Pri tem je posebne obravnave deležno širše območje enega izmed križišč, v okviru katere je opravljeno tudi štetje prometa. Na podlagi varnostnega kriterija je predlagana rekonstrukcija v krožno križišče in skladno z njo opravljena kapacitetna analiza. The graduation thesis deals with the traffic issues of the section of the regional road of the first order. The general presentation of road safety in the introduction is followed by techincal analysis of the present segment, based on which we will determine the level of service of the thoroughfare. Special attention is also paid to comments on the adequacy of the regulation of road connections to the regional road and comments on the arrangement of bus stops. Road safety analysis of the section on the basis of the database of the Public Agency for the Safety of Transport of the Republic of Slovenia covers the handling of traffic accidents and the identification of areas where accidents are most commonly occurring. The final section presents proposals for measures to increase road safety on this section. In this case, special treatment is given to the wider area of one of the intersections, within which the counting of traffic is performed. On the basis of the safety criterion, a reconstruction is proposed in a roundabout and according to it, a capacity analysis is performed.

V diplomski nalogi sem obravnaval problem zastojev ob prometnih konicah na Šmarski cesti v Kopru. Osredotočil sem se na krožišče pri Vina Koper, križišče Šmarske in Ljubljanske ceste in turbo krožišče pri Cimosu. Najprej sem opisal sedanje stanje in pojasnil nepravilnosti. Poiskal sem razloge za zastoje. V naslednjih poglavjih sem opisal osnove projektiranja krožišč in turbo krožišč, katere sem uporabil pri rekonstrukciji. Predvidel sem dve možni rekonstrukciji. Prva je enostavna, finančno in gradbeno manj zahtevna, druga pa je, obseznejša in v spološne bolj zahtevna. Opišem kako bi rekonstrukciji vplivali na promet. Na koncu sem ocenil katera rekonstrukcija je primernejša. Dodal sem prloge, na katerih sem s pomočjo programa AutoCAD narisla tlorise rekonstrukcije in situacijo. In this thesis I considered the problem of congestion at peak periods on the road Šmarje in Koper. I focused on the roundabout at Vina Koper, intersection of the road Ljubljana and the road Šmarje and turbo roundabout at Cimos. First, I described the current situation and explain the irregularities. I found the reasons for the delays. In the following chapters, I described the basics of the design of roundabouts and turbo roundabouts, which I used in the reconstruction. I foresee two possible reconstruction. The first one is simple and less demanding in financial and building view, while the second is more extensive and challenging. I described how the reconstruction impact on the traffic. In the end I evaluate which reconstruction is preferable. In the annexes are the plans and situations of the reconstuction. I made them using the program AutoCAD.

Diplomska naloga obravnava študijo rekonstrukcije semaforiziranega križišča v Sežani. Izvedena je bila primerjalna analiza obstoječega križišča z dvema različnima variantama rekonstrukcije križišča, ki vključuje analizo izvedljivosti, kapacitetno analizo, analizo prometne varnosti in stroškovno analizo investicije. Na nivoju idejne zasnove je predlagana projektna rešitev z izvedbo krožišča, v skladu s trenutno veljavnimi tehničnimi specifikacijami za javne ceste. V ta namen so bili pridobljeni podatki o avtomatskem in ročnem štetju prometa, krmilnem programu semaforja, prometnih nesrečah in geodetski načrt obstoječega križišča. This thesis deals with the possible variants of the reconstruction of the signalised intersection in Sežana. We have done a comparative analysis of the three possible variants of the intersection reconstruction. Studies include the feasibility analysis, capacity analysis, safety analysis and the economic analysis for the three possible variants. The proposed solution is a construction of a roundabout at the conceptual level, in accordance with the technical specifications for public roads. Data were obtained on automatic and manual traffic count, traffic light control program, car accidents and surveying plan.

V diplomski nalogi se bom lotila rekonstrukcije križišča v Občini Komenda med cestama G2-104 in R2-413 ter priključkom lokalne ceste. Po preučitvi funkcionalnih, prostorskih, prometno-varnostnih in prometno-tehničnih kriterijev ter kriterija prepustnosti, sem se odločila za dve varianti rekonstrukcije, in sicer uvedbo pasu za leve zavijalce ter preureditev križišča v krožišče. Cilj te naloge je, ob upoštevanju prostorskih omejitev, čim bolj zmanjšati zastoje na priključnih krakih v času prometnih konic ter zagotoviti ustrezno prometno varnost za vse udeležence v prometu. Načrte bom risala v programu AutoCAD, pri izrisu prometno-tehničnih elementov in prometne signalizacije pa si bom pomagala s Plateio. In this graduation thesis I am going to reconstruct road intersection in Municipality of Komenda between roads G2-104, R2-413 and junction of local street. After analysing functional, spatial, road-safety, technical and capacity criteria I decided to make two options of reconstruciton – introduction of lane for left turners and reorganising the intersection into roundabout. In consideration to spacial restriction, the purpose of this thesis is reducing a traffic jam on joining roads during the rush hour and to assure road safety for all participants in traffic. Designs will be drawn in progamme AutoCAD, for projecting technical elements and traffic sings I will be using programme Plateia.

Prometna varnost mora biti vedno na prvem mestu, zato vedno znova stremimo k izboljšavi prometne varnosti na vseh prometnih površinah, med katere spadajo tudi krožišča. Krožišča so se začela graditi z namenom zmanjševanja števila konfliktnih točk in izboljševanja varnosti vseh udeležencev v prometu. Prav tako igrajo pomembno vlogo pri večji pretočnosti, umirjanju prometa in preprečevanju najhujših prometnih nesreč. V Sloveniji se število krožišč nenehno povečuje, izboljšuje in rekonstruira z vidika prometne varnosti. V magistrski nalogi je predstavljeno krožišče Tomačevo pred in po prenovi. Opisana je zgodovina razvoja krožišč, vrste in delitve krožišč, posebnosti, prednosti in slabosti krožišč ter signalizacija. Nato smo primerjali večpasovno krožno križišče s turbo- krožnim križiščem. V raziskovalnem delu naloge pa smo predstavili in primerjali krožno križišče pred in po prenovi. Analizirali smo prometno varnost, preučili vzroke in posledice prometnih nesreč, preverili mnenje uporabnikov krožišča ter podali predlog izboljšav, ki bi še dodatno povečal prometno varnost v krožišču. Traffic safety should always come first, so we always strive to improve traffic safety on all road surfaces, which include roundabout. Roundabouts were built in order to reduce the number of conflict points and improve safety for all road users. They also play an important role in increasing throughput, calming traffic and preventing the worst accidents. In Slovenia, the number of roundabouts continues to grow, improve and reconstruct, making road traffic safer. This thesis presents the roundabout Tomačevo before and after its renovation. In it we described the history of roundabouts, what kinds there are and the distinctions between them, the advantages and disadvantages of roundabouts and signalization. We then compared the roundabout-protocol with a turbo roundabout. In the research part of the thesis, we presented and compared the roundabout before and after renovation. We analyzed traffic safety and the causes and consequences of traffic accidents, checked user opinion on the roundabout and made suggestions for improvements, which would further increase traffic safety at the roundabout.