930 results on '"korrelation"'
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2. Heinrich Rickerts Theorie des Philosophischen Anfangs
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Jacinto Páez Bonifaci
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neukantianismus ,hegelianismus ,heterologie ,korrelation ,ich ,isolierenden abstraktion ,transzendentalphilosophie ,transzendentalen empirismus ,Philosophy. Psychology. Religion - Abstract
In diesem Beitrag wird die philosophische Konzeption des Anfangs der Philosophie als Beziehung zum Verhältnis von Subjekt und Objekt untersucht, die der Neukantianer Heinrich Rickert entwickelt hat. Die Untersuchung rekonstruiert erstens den problematischen Hintergrund, der Rickert zum Problem des Anfangs und zu seiner Unterscheidung zwischen drei Bedeutungen des Begriffs ‘Anfang’ führte. Dieser Hintergrund steht im Zusammenhang mit der Wiederbelebung der dialektischen Philosophie zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts. Zweitens wird eine Konzeption des korrelativen Anfangs der Philosophie als Antwort auf das von Hegel zu Beginn der Wissenschaft der Logik formulierte Paradoxon vorgeschlagen. Auf diese Weise wird Rickerts Argumentation als Antwort auf die drei wichtigsten Kritikpunkte Hegels am Anfang der Philosophie durch den Begriff des Ich analysiert. Um die Argumente zu verdeutlichen, die Rickert in seinem Aufsatz über den Begriff des Anfangs der Philosophie entwickelt, werden wir die wesentlichen Hinweise auf Rickerts Konzeption des heterologischen Denkens geben. Schließlich wird der Ansatz eines korrelativen Anfangs im Hinblick auf das allgemeine Projekt einer Transzendentalphilosophie bewertet. Wir werden aufzeigen, wie das, was Rickert die Wendung zum Objekt nennt, Rickert zu einer paradoxen Position verpflichtet, die er selbst als ‘transzendentalen Empirismus’ charakterisiert. Jenseits dieser Schwierigkeit will die vorliegende Untersuchung zeigen, dass Rickerts Position eine der originellsten Positionen der Transzendentalphilosophie darstellt, die sich mit der Hegelschen Frage nach dem wahren Anfang der philosophischen Wissenschaft auseinandersetzt.
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- 2023
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3. Systemtheorie und Nachrichtentechnik
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Mathis, Wolfgang, Skrotzki, Birgit, Section editor, Akademischer Verein Hütte e.V., Hennecke, Manfred, editor, and Skrotzki, Birgit, editor
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- 2023
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4. Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung
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Wermuth, Manfred J., Skrotzki, Birgit, Section editor, Akademischer Verein Hütte e.V., Hennecke, Manfred, editor, and Skrotzki, Birgit, editor
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- 2022
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5. Definition & Geschichte
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Osing, Tim and Osing, Tim
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- 2022
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6. Korrelationen
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Gehrau, Volker, Maubach, Katharina, Fujarski, Sam, Gehrau, Volker, Maubach, Katharina, and Fujarski, Sam
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- 2022
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7. The transgression history of the Saxonian Cretaceous revisited or: the imperative for a complete stratigraphic reappraisal (Cenomanian, Elbtal Group, Germany).
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MARINE transgression , *ALLUVIUM , *SEQUENCE stratigraphy , *ABSOLUTE sea level change , *SEQUENCE analysis - Abstract
Until a few years ago, the onset of continental to deeper marine deposition in the Saxonian Cretaceous Basin (SCB) was largely assigned to the naviculare transgression of the early Late Cenomanian. Based on the integrated investigation of 39 Cenomanian surface and subsurface sections, a completely revised stratigraphic framework for the lower Elbtal Group is presented herein. The new data show that Cretaceous sedimentation started already in the early Early Cenomanian, indicated by the contemporaneous onlap of non-marine (Niederschöna Formation) and marine strata (Oberhäslich Formation). The Cenomanian transgressions proceeded on a broad front from the north, at first following the course of roughly south--north-discharging palaeovalleys of a fluvial palaeodrainage system dewatering an elevated principal source area in the southwest. The sequence stratigraphic analysis demonstrates the presence of four complete, unconformity-bounded Cenomanian depositional sequences (DS) and a fifth one, DS Ce-Tu 1, which started in the mid-Late Cenomanian and lasted into the Early Turonian. The depositional sequences comprise six major transgressive phases that overstepped each other and enlarged the depositional realm by means of non-marine and/or marine onlap: A, early Early Cenomanian (equivalent to the "ultimus/Aucellina Transgression"), DS Ce 1+2; B, late Early Cenomanian, DS Ce 3; C, early Middle Cenomanian (primus Transgression), reflecting the most prominent sea-level rise within the SCB, DS Ce 4; D, early Late Cenomanian (naviculare Transgression), DS Ce 5; E, late Late Cenomanian (plenus Transgression), DS Ce-Tu 1; F, earliest Turonian (Lohmgrund Horizon), maximum flooding of DS Ce-Tu 1. The marine Oberhäslich Formation was accompanied by collateral fluvial deposits of the Niederschöna Formation during the early Early to early Late Cenomanian, respectively. The marine transgressions reached the Úštěk-Bad Schandau Sea Bight, the deepest of the north-sloping palaeovalleys, first and produced an up to 120-m-thick marine sedimentary record (Oberhäslich and Pennrich formations), subdivided into five almost equally thick depositional sequences. This maximum thickness is in the order of the accommodation generated during the Cenomanian age and corresponds to a rather low sedimentation rate of 20 m/myr. Therefore, the thickness changes observed within the lower Elbtal Group can be explained quite simply by the pre-transgression topography and sequence stratigraphic onlap patterns onto the elevated palaeotopography in the southwest. The new stratigraphic framework of the lower Elbtal Group thus shows that tectonic inversion in the SCB was essentially a post-Cenomanian process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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8. Korrelation zwischen Selbstwirksamkeit und Sprachleistung in Deutsch als Fremdsprache (DaF).
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Tanır, Ahmet
- Abstract
Copyright of Diyalog Interkulturelle Zeitschrift für Germanistik is the property of Diyalog Interkulturelle Zeitschrift fur Germanistik and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2023
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9. Factors influencing correlations between CPT and DPH.
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Henzinger, Christoph, Krösbacher, Clemens, and Vogt, Stefan
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CONE penetration tests , *SCIENCE publishing , *SOIL mechanics - Abstract
Despite the widespread availability and superior information provided by the cone penetration test (CPT), dynamic probes like the DPH (dynamic probe heavy) remain an important soil investigation method under certain circumstances. In order to make use of the results of the DPH in the context of the vast body of interpretation and design methods developed for CPT tests, the drop count N10 of the DPH is correlated to the tip resistance qc of the CPT. There are numerous correlations between both values available in the standards and in the literature. However, any soil‐related differences, limitations, and factors influencing those correlations are not necessarily obvious. The present paper presents a simple framework for the illustration of influencing factors and the interpretation of correlations between DPH and CPT. The proposed framework is based on the information provided in EN ISO 22476‐1 and published scientific literature. Linear correlation factors based on the proposed framework are derived. These factors are then compared with our own field data and information from the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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10. Und was macht Julia am Abend?
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Kühnapfel, Jörg B. and Kühnapfel, Jörg
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- 2021
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11. Svenska aktiekursen, utländskt ägande och valutakurser : En kvantitativ studie som undersöker om det finns en signifikant relation mellan variablerna
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Jonsson, Calle, Åström, Towa, Jonsson, Calle, and Åström, Towa
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Bakgrund: Aktiemarknaden är viktig för att företag ska kunna samla kapital och möjligheten för investerare att få avkastning. Utländskt ägande är betydande, vilket ökar likviditeten men samtidigt sårbarheten. Valutakurser påverkar aktiemarknaden, särskilt för exportföretag. En svag krona gör svenska investeringar mer attraktiva och gynnar exporten. Sambandet mellan valutakurser, aktiemarknaden och utländskt ägande är viktigt för investerare. Syfte: Studiens syfte är att undersöka det dynamiska sambandet mellan valutakurser, utländskt ägande och den svenska aktiemarknaden. Dessutom avser den att beskriva om det går att förutse marknadsrörelser med hjälp av valutakurserna. Metod: Studien använder sig av kvantitativ metod och använder sig av Pearson korrelationsanalys samt multipel regression. Teori: Studien utgår från effektiva marknadshypotesen och behavioral finance. Slutsatser: Det visade sig att 4 av 5 valutor har en signifikant korrelation till OMXSPI, där den norska kronan är den enda som saknar samband. Korrelationen är dock för svag för att kunna säga att den kan hjälpa till att förutsäga rörelser i aktiekursen. Samtliga valutor har ingen korrelation med det utländska ägandet. Därför går det inte heller att med hjälp av valutorna förutsäga förändringar i det utländska ägandet på marknaden., Background:The stock market is important for companies to raise capital and an opportunity for investors to get returns. Foreign ownership is significant, which increases liquidity but at the same time volatility. Exchange rates affect the stock market, especially for export companies. A weak krona makes Swedish investments more attractive and favors exports. The relationship between exchange rates, the stock market and foreign ownership is important to investors. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to investigate the dynamic relationship between exchange rates, foreign ownership and the Swedish stock market. In addition, it intends to see if it is possible to predict market movements using the exchange rates. Methodology: In this study a quantitative method is used in the form of Pearson's correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. Theory: The study is based on the efficient market hypothesis and behavioral finance. Conclusions: It turned out that 4 out of 5 currencies have a significant correlation to OMXSPI, with the Norwegian krone being the only one without correlation. However, the correlation is too weak to say that it can help predict movements in the share price. All currencies have no correlation with foreign ownership. Therefore, it is also not possible to use the currencies to predict changes in foreign ownership in the market.
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- 2024
12. Leseverständnis und Mathematikkompetenz in sprachlich heterogenen Schulklassen
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Ender, Daniela, Paleczek, Lisa, editor, and Seifert, Susanne, editor
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- 2020
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13. Assessment of Agro-Morphological Traits of Common Bean Genotypes Grown Under Organic Farming Conditions with Multi-Variate Analyses and Applications
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Ozaktan, Hamdi, Uzun, Satı, Uzun, Oguzhan, and Yasar Ciftci, Cemalettin
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- 2023
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14. Korrelation transienter Spannungen in einem 380-kV- und 220-kV-Übertragungsnetz mit Schaltmeldeprotokollen und Blitzortungsdaten.
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Schwalt, Lukas, Maurer, Mathias, and Pack, Stephan
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Copyright of e & i Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2022
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15. Statistische Berechnungen mit Python
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Feiks, Markus and Feiks, Markus
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- 2019
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16. Fragen treffen Inhalte. Ergebnisse eines Unterrichtsdesigns zum Thema „Was meine ich, wenn ich von Auferstehung spreche?'
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Spiegelhalter, Eva-Maria
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religionsunterricht ,fachdidaktische entwicklungsforschung ,korrelation ,fachdidaktisches wissen ,professionswissen ,coactiv ,Education (General) ,L7-991 ,Religion (General) ,BL1-50 - Abstract
Das COACTIV-Modell konzeptualisiert das fachdidaktische Wissen mit drei Facetten: 1. dem Erklärungswissen, 2. dem Wissen über fachbezogene Schülerkognitionen und 3. dem Wissen über fachbezogene Aufgabenstellungen. Anhand eines Unterrichtsdesigns zum Thema „Was meine ich, wenn ich von Auferstehung spreche?“ wurde untersucht, wie das Erklärungswissen im Bereich des Religionsunterrichtes im Kontext der Korrelationsdidaktik zu verstehen ist. Es werden Möglichkeiten entwickelt, Fragen und Vorkonzepte der SchülerInnen als Anknüpfungspunkte für das Erklärungswissen zu nutzen. Durchgeführt wurde das Unterrichtsdesign in der Klasse 9 eines allgemeinbildenden Gymnasiums.
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- 2020
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17. Investigation of Yield and Quality Parameters of Some Local and Newly Registered Bread (hexaploid) Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes Under Rainfed Agricultural Conditions
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Sirat, Abdulveli
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- 2022
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18. Modi operandi ästhetischen Widerstands : Artikulation und Korrelation
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Foos, Peter, Steuerwald, Christian, Series editor, Bosch, Aida, editor, and Pfütze, Hermann, editor
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- 2018
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19. The Vampire-Diaries (TVD), Game of Thrones (GoT) und Co. - Prägende Narrative der Jugendmedien und ihre religiösen Implikationen.
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Fabricius, Steffi and Heger, Johannes
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FUNCTION spaces , *VAMPIRES , *WINTER , *NARRATIVES - Abstract
Narratives emanate from the temporal-spatial contexts of society, politics, and sciences. Together they form individual and collective perspectives through their provided presence in communicative memory. In an increasingly mediatized world (audio-visual) media function as resonating spaces for narratives - especially in the juvenile environment. Using the example of the transitioning-narrative in the TVseries „The Vampire Diaries" and the narrative of „winter is coming" in „Game of Thrones" the paper attempts, on the one hand, to illustrate these coherences. On the other hand, religious implications of these narratives are identified by means of the theoretical approaches of conceptual blending and the correlative space for encounter. Religious-educational applications can be derived from the obvious religious weight of the narratives that define juvenile media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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20. Characterization of Drought Tolerance in Bread Wheat Genotypes Using Physiological Indices
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Khan, Mueen Alam, Iqbal, Hafiz Syed M. Arslan, and Akram, Muhammad Waseem
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- 2022
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21. Zur Litho- und Biostratigraphie des Tithoniums und Unter-Berriasiums im Niedersächsischen Becken (NW-Deutschland) und die Definition neuer lithostratigraphischer Einheiten.
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Luppold, Friedrich W.
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DRILL cores , *DEFINITIONS , *BIOSTRATIGRAPHY , *DOCUMENTATION , *FOSSIL microorganisms - Abstract
New lithostratigraphical units are explained in detail according to their definition and are reported in an advanced addition to the LithoLex data sheets. Litho- and biostratigraphical investigations of the past decades make it possible to publish further results about the uppermost Jurassic and lowermost Cretaceous formations. Specially in lithostratigraphical view, there are notable news about lithological relations in the Eimbeckhausen- and Muender Formation, which are supported by micropalaeontological data. Micropalaeontological events, which correlate with characteristical geophysical peaks, are presented and described on selected well- and outcrop sections. In addition to the LithoLex data sheets biostratigraphical data are described in detail and figured together with important ostracod species and other microfossils; with emphasis on imagery of important outcrops and wells beside a description of expressive hand- and core specimens. A further focus is the visual documentation of important outcrops and drillings, together with the description of distinctive handpieces and drill core sections. Based on Brand & Hoffmann (1963), a summary of the palaeogeographical situation is presented on the basis of the sections studied. In the systematic part new ostracod species like Galliaecytheridea holzeni sp. nov. and Macrodentina parva sp. nov. are described with additional remarks to systematical questions to Galliaecytheridea sp. aff. Galliaecytheridea sp. nov. Wolburg, Eocytheropteron acutissimum Martin, 1957 and Macrodentina klingleri Malz, 1958. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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22. The geography of intergenerational mobility: Evidence of educational persistence and the 'Great Gatsby Curve' in Brazil
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Leone, Tharcisio and Leone, Tharcisio
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This paper explores the variation in intergenerational educational mobility across the Brazilian states based on univariate econometric techniques. The analysis of the national household survey (PNAD-2014) confirms a strong variation in mobility among the 27 federative units in Brazil and demonstrates a significant correlation between mobility and income inequality. In this sense, this work presents empirical evidence for the existence of the "Great Gatsby curve" within a single country: states with greater income disparities present higher levels of persistence in educational levels across generations. Finally, the paper investigates one specific mechanism behind this correlation: whether higher income inequality might lead to lower investment in human capital among children from socially vulnerable households. The paper delivers robust and compelling results showing that children born into families where the parents have not completed primary education have a statistically significant reduction in their chance of completing the educational system if they live in states with a higher level of income inequality.
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- 2023
23. Samband mellan objektivt mätt och subjektivt skattad fysisk aktivitetsnivå och symtomskattning hos personer med KOL : En korrelationsstudie
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Forsberg, Emma, Lagerström, Elias, Forsberg, Emma, and Lagerström, Elias
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Bakgrund och syfte Kroniskt Obstruktiv Lungsjukdom (KOL) är en sjukdom som påverkar den fysiska aktivitetsnivån. Patientgruppen minskar sin fysiska aktivitetsnivå, vanligtvis på grund av ökad dyspné vid ansträngning, vilket är en primär faktor till förhinder i dagliga aktivitet. Strategier för ökning av fysisk aktivitetsnivå är av stor vikt. För undersökning av fysisk aktivitet används både objektiva och subjektiva metoder. Samband mellan dessa i en frisk population är låg, där överskattning på frågeformulär förekommer. I studien undersöks sambandet mellan objektivt mätt och subjektivt skattad aktivitetsnivå och symtomskattning hos personer med KOL. Även separat för kvinnor respektive män. Metod Projektet är del av en större studie vid Umeå universitet. Fysisk aktivitetsnivå mättes med accelerometer (Dynaport, McRoberts BV) och Socialstyrelsens indikatorfrågor. Symtom mättes med COPD Assessment Test (CAT). Dataanalys gjordes med Spearman´s rangkorrelationskoefficient i Jamovi 2.3.17.0. Resultat Hela gruppen, kvinnor och män visade låga samband mellan objektivt mätt och subjektivt skattad aktivitetsnivå (r= 0.309, p= <.001), (r = 0.385, p = 0.001), (r = 0.289, p = o.o12). Hela gruppen, kvinnor och män visade även låga samband mellan objektivt mätt fysisk aktivitetsnivå och CAT (r = -0.303, p = <.001), (r = -0.269, p = 0.028), (r= -0.315, p= 0.006). Slutsats Lågt samband visades mellan de objektiva och subjektiva metoderna, för hela gruppen samt kvinnor och män. Subjektiva mätmetoder kan ändå vara användbara, då dessa kan ge ökad förståelse för patientens upplevelse och inställning till fysisk aktivitet. Likaså symtomskattning, där skattningen kan ses som en indikator på hur patienten påverkas av aktivitet.
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- 2023
24. News flash! Nyheter i nya digitala format : En studie av traditionell nyhetsvärdering på TikTok
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Reuterfors, Evelina, Dahlander, Frida, Reuterfors, Evelina, and Dahlander, Frida
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Only a fraction of events make it into Swedish news media. Previous theories on news values and selection agree on the news factors that enhance news value but new digital formats might be putting the relevance for these news values up for discussion. Younger generations primarily consume news through social media and curate their own personalized news feeds and if journalists don’t adjust their news production after this new climate we might look into democratic consequences for society in general and young people in particular. This study explores the relevance of traditional news factors for news on TikTok. Based on a summary of previous research on news value, ten news factors are proposed for studying news in new digital formats. These ten factors are the main part of the theoretical framework of this study. The study aims to investigate the news supply on TikTok and examine the correlation between news factors and news dissemination. 171 TikTok videos from five Swedish nationwide news channels with TikTok accounts were randomly selected. These videos were coded based on views, shares, and the ten news factors. Regression analysis and a correlation matrix were conducted. The study finds that news factors are present on TikTok, but few correlations exist between these factors and dissemination. Notably, views correlate with geographical proximity and surprising elements. This questions the relevance of traditional news values for user interest on TikTok and questions the role of journalists in the future. Future research could explore the news supply on TikTok based on user feeds instead of traditional news values, given that young people are influenced by their personalized feeds.
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- 2023
25. Samband mellan emotionsreglering och substansbruk i en rättspsykiatrisk population
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Andersson, Hugo, Nilsson, Alexander, Andersson, Hugo, and Nilsson, Alexander
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Emotionsreglering har de senaste åren fått alltmer uppmärksamhet och stöd som en faktor associerat med substansbruk. Däremot finns till författarnas vetskap ingen tidigare forskning som undersökt sambandet mellan emotionsreglering och substansbruk i ett rättspsykiatriskt urval. Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva substansbruket och utforska associationer mellan emotionsreglering och substansbruk i ett rättspsykiatriskt urval. Deltagarna (N = 98; 13 % kvinnor) rekryterades från en kohort av rättspsykiatriska patienter i Sverige från 2016-11-01 till 2020-11-30. Data samlades in genom journalgranskningar, självskattningar och kompletterades med semistrukturerade intervjuer. För att beskriva substansbruk i gruppen användes deskriptiv statistik. Vidare användes instrumentet Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale (DERS) för att undersöka deltagarnas svårigheter med emotionsreglering. Som mått på substansbruk använde författarna debutålder av substanskonsumtion och antalet testade substanser. För att utforska sambandet mellan emotionsreglering och substansbruk användes korrelationsmatriser. Resultatet visade att 64,3 % av deltagarna någon gång hade diagnostiserats med substansbrukssyndrom. Vidare hade 79.5 % av urvalet någon gång använt cannabis och hade i större utsträckning använt andra substanser jämfört med en generell svensk population. Studien fann inga signifikanta samband mellan emotionsreglering och substansbruk, vilket går emot tidigare forskning. Det motsägelsefulla resultatet kan bero på metodologiska skillnader och/eller att deltagarna hade andra gemensamma och inflytelserika erfarenheter i relation till emotionsreglering som påverkade resultatet., Emotional regulation has in recent years gained more attention and support as a factor associated with substance use. However, to the authors knowledge, no research has examined the association between emotional regulation and substance use in a forensic psychiatric sample. The aims of this study were to describe substance use and examine associations between emotional regulation and substance use in a sample of forensic psychiatric patients. Participants (N = 98; 13% female) were recruited from a cohort of forensic psychiatric patients in Sweden from 2016-11-01 to 2020-11-30. Data were collected through file information, self-reports and complemented with semi-structured interviews. The study used descriptive data to report the use of substances within the sample. Furthermore, the study used the instrument Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale (DERS) to examine the participants' emotional dysregulation. To measure substance use, the authors used age of onset of substance consumption and the number of substances tested as variables. Correlational matrices were used to explore the association between emotional regulation and substance use. The results showed that 64.3% of the participants had at some point been diagnosed with SUD. Furthermore, 79.5 % of the sample had at some point used cannabis and had to a large extent used other substances. No significant associations were found between emotional regulation and substance use. The result goes against previous research, methodological differences may cause this contradiction. Another possible explanation is that the participants had other common and influential experiences in relation to emotional regulation that influenced the result.
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- 2023
26. Validation of a new iPhone application for measurements of wrist velocity during actual work tasks
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Abaid, Mohammed Abderhman and Abaid, Mohammed Abderhman
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The breakthrough in mobile technology and the development of smartphones, supplied with sensing devices such as Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs), has made it possible to obtain accurate and reliable data on the angular velocity for different objects. The available technical sensors for wrist movements, such as electrogoniometers, are costly, time-consuming, and need a particular computer program to be analyzed. Therefore, there is a need to develop user-friendly risk assessment methods for wrist angular velocity measurements. This master thesis aimed to validate the accuracy of a newly developed iPhone application (App), "ErgoHandMeter," for wrist velocity in actual work tasks, by comparing the “ErgoHandMeter” to standard electrogoniometers. The project study was performed with four participants, two females and two males, from three jobs performing actual work tasks. The total angular velocity obtained by the mobile application was compared with the angular velocity data from the standard electrogoniometer. The total angular velocities obtained from the smartphone and the goniometer were computed at the 10th, 50th and 90th percentile for the four subjects. The 50th percentile of goniometer-flexion velocity (G-flex) was 7.4 ± 5.4°/s, for the goniometer-total (G-tot) 8.7 ± 6.5)°/s and for App 7.2 ± 4.9°/s. The correlation coefficient for the 50th percentile of goniometer-flexion (G-flex) parameter and smartphone application was 0.994. For the goniometer-total (G-tot) and the application, it was 0.993. In a Bland-Altman plot the mean difference between G-flex and App for the 50th percentile was -0.18 °/s and for G-tot and App was -1.54 °/s, i.e. the App was lower in average. The limit of the agreement between G-Flex and App, and G-tot and App stayed within two standard deviations. For G-Flex and App (mean+1.96SD) was 1.34 °/s, (mean-1.96SD) was -1.71 °/s, while for G-tot and App (mean+1.96SD) was 1.89 °/s, (mean-1.96SD) was -4.96 °/s, indicating an adequate agreement, Genombrottet inom mobiltekniken och utvecklingen av smarttelefoner med sensorer som t.ex. tröghetsmätningsenheter (IMU) har gjort det möjligt att få exakta och tillförlitliga uppgifter om vinkelhastigheten för olika objekt. De tillgängliga tekniska sensorerna för handledsrörelser, t.ex. elektrogoniometrar, är dyra, tidskrävande och de samplade signalerna kräver ett särskilt datorprogram för att analyseras. Det finns därför ett behov av att utveckla användarvänliga riskbedömningsmetoder för mätningar av handledens vinkelhastighet. Syftet med detta examensarbete var att validera noggrannheten hos en nyutvecklad iPhone-applikation (App), "ErgoHandMeter", för handledshastighet i verkliga arbetsuppgifter, genom att jämföra "ErgoHandMeter" med vanliga elektrogoniometrar. Projektstudien genomfördes med fyra deltagare, två kvinnor och två män, från tre yrken som utförde verkliga arbetsuppgifter. Den totala vinkelhastigheten som erhölls av mobilapplikationen jämfördes med vinkelhastighetsdata från standardelektrogoniometern. De totala vinkelhastigheterna som erhållits från smarttelefonen och goniometern beräknades vid den 10:e, 50:e och 90:e percentilen för de fyra försökspersonerna. Den 50:e percentilen för goniometer-flexionshastigheten (G-flex) var i genomsnitt 7,4°/s och för goniometertotalen (G-tot) 8,7°/s. Korrelationskoefficienten (r) för den 50:e percentilen för goniometer-flexionsparametern (G-flex) och smartphone-applikationen var 0,994. För goniometer-total (G-tot) och applikationen var r 0,993. I en Bland-Altman-plot var den genomsnittliga skillnaden mellan G-flex och appen för den 50:e percentilen -0,18°/s och för G-tot och appen -1,54°/s (App var lägre än Gon). Medelvärdet för differensen mellan G-Flex och App och G-tot och App ligger inom två standardavvikelser. För G-Flex och App (medelvärde+1,96SD) var 1,34 °/s, (medelvärde-1,96SD) var -1,71 °/s, medan för G-tot och App (medelvärde+1,96SD) var 1,89 °/s, (medelvärde-1,96SD) var -4,96 °/s. Vilket tyder på en t
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- 2023
27. Lufttäthet och energiförbrukningi nyproducerade villor
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Svensson, Jonathan, Lagerqvist, Felicia, Svensson, Jonathan, and Lagerqvist, Felicia
- Abstract
Uppvärmning inklusive varmvatten i lokaler står idag för 53 % av Sveriges totalaenergianvändning. För att uppnå en del av de uppsatta energi- och klimatmålen för EU ärenergieffektivt byggande en viktig nyckel. De kraftigt stigande elpriserna de senaste årenär en annan anledning att bygga mer energieffektiva byggnader. Idag dokumenterasenergiförbrukningen i en energideklaration som registreras hos Boverket för att ge entydlig bild av energianvändningen. Med hjälp av en lufttäthetsprovning där byggnadenutsätts för ett över- och undertryck på 50 Pa fås ett mått för hur mycket luft som läckergenom klimatskalet.Målet med arbetet är att undersöka hur energiförbrukningen i energideklarationen kansättas i korrelation till luftläckagevärdet. Med utgångspunkt ur villor producerade avEksjöhus som är lufttäthetsprovade från 2019 till 2023, har detta arbete jämfört statistikför att få fram en korrelationskoefficient. För att få en förståelse för hur Eksjöhus arbetatmed lufttäthet studerades utvecklingen av klimatskalet och luftläckagevärdet från 2012till 2022 via intervju och statistikarbete. För ett urval av lufttäthetsprovade hus byggdamellan 2019 och 2023 begärdes energideklarationer ut. Ett statistikarbete för data urenergideklarationer och luftläckagevärde genomfördes som är underlaget för diskussionoch analys av energideklarationens reliabilitet för att göra en översiktlig tolkning avresultatet tillförlitlighet.I intervjun med Eksjöhus framgår det att den enda förändringen som skett i klimatskaletsedan 2012 är att vägg-bjälklaget placerats en bit längre in för att underlätta att dra förbiplastfolie. Förändringen ger inte en synlig påverkan av det generella luftläckagevärdet.Eksjöhus har arbetat fram ett dokument som skickas med byggsatsen och fungerar som enguide för entreprenörerna för hur tätningar kring stålbalkar, genomföringar ochanslutningar ska göras. Eksjöhus använder sig även av en årlig träff tillsammans med deentreprenörer som bygger de flesta husen för att arbe, This study investigating the correlation between energy consumption in energydeclarations and air leakage values, with a focus on Eksjöhus-produced villas. Tounderstand how Eksjöhus has been working with airtightness during 2012 to 2022 aninterview and an analysis of statistic has been done.The aim of this work is to investigate how the energy consumption documented in energydeclarations can be correlated with the air leakage obtained through an air leakage test.The results suggest that Eksjöhus implemented a solitary modification to the buildingenvelope since 2012, which did not significantly affect the overall air leakage values.During the period there was a proportional decrease in the number of new housesexceeding Eksjöhus requirements/guidelines for air leakage.No general correlation was found between energy consumption and air leakage. Whensorting data for low energy consumption and low air leakage a clearer correlation wasfound. The result also shows an economic advantage of constructing buildings with highairtightness.
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- 2023
28. Utvärdering av korrelationen mellan sträckgräns och rockwell hårdhet för Ti-6Al-4V producerat med E-PBF
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Jansson, Pontus and Jansson, Pontus
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Detta projekt genomförs för att undersöka en möjlig metod vilket ger företaget AIM möjlighet att på egen hand testa kvaliteten på sina byggen med hjälp av korrelationen mellan materialets hårdhet samt dess sträckgräns. Där hårdheten kommer undersökas med Rockwell metoden och HRC skala samt sträckgränsen kommer undersökas med dragprov. Hårdhetsproverna kommer undersökas i tre olika stadier, obearbetade, kallslipade och slipade i en icke kyld slipprocess. Detta för att undersöka olika efterbearbetningsprocesser och vad de har för tillförlitlighet där i bästa av världar kan en efterbearbetningsprocess undvikas. Resultatet för provstavarna var väntat med ett sjunkande medelvärde på sträckgränsen desto högre upp i byggkammaren provstaven var tillverkad. Där lägsta nivån H0 1018,49 MPa, mellersta nivån H1 976,83 MPa och för den översta nivån H2 941,64 MPa. Detta gav en sänkning på ungefär 40 MPa per nivå. Hårdheten då proverna var kylt slipade var medelvärdena H0 37,79, H1 37,1 och för H2 37,47. Vilket gav en tendens på sänkning för lager H0 och H1 dock en höjning igen för det översta lagret H2. Vilket då inte visade exakt samma tendens som sträckgränsern. De individuella proverna för obearbetat stadie var standardavvikelsen hög generellt över 2, då proverna kallslipats sjunk standardavvikelserna för lager H0 och H2 till under 1 medan lager H1 låg mellan 1 och 1,5. Även då de slipats i den varma processen gav det lägre standardavvikelser dock inte fullt lika låga som för en kylt slipade. Dessa resultat lades samman och med dess medelvärden beräknades en kx+m formel ut med hjälp av skillnaden i x-led samt y-led för att beräkna lutningskoefficienten k. Då formeln beräknades med lager H0 samt H1 blev resultatet y=61*X-1285. Detta visar på att det är möjligt att beräkna sträckgräns med hårdhet dock behövs det göras efterföljande tester för att bekräfta att resultatet är tillitbart och repeterbart., This project is carried out to investigate a possible method which gives the company AIM the opportunity to independently test the quality of its builds using the correlation between the hardness of the material and its yield strength. Where the hardness will be examined with the Rockwell method and the HRC scale and the yield strength will be examined with a tensile test. The hardness samples will be examined in three different stages, unprocessed, cold grinded and grinded in a non-cooled grinding process. This is to investigate different post-processing processes and their reliability where, in the best of worlds, a post-processing process can be avoided. The result for the test rods was expected with a decreasing average value of the yield strength the higher up in the build chamber the test rod was manufactured. Where the lowest level H0 gave 1018.49 MPa, the middle level H1 976.83 MPa and for the top level H2 941.64 MPa. This gave a reduction of approximately 40 MPa per level. The hardness when the samples were cold grinded was the mean values H0 37.79, H1 37.1 and for H2 37.47. Which gave a tendency to decrease for layers H0 and H1, but an increase again for the top layer H2. The hardness did not show the same tendency as the yield strength. The individual samples for raw stage the standard deviation was high generally above 2, when the samples were cold ground the standard deviations for layer H0 and H2 dropped below 1 while layer H1 was between 1 and 1.5. Even when they were ground in the hot process, it gave lower standard deviations, however, not quite as low as for a cold ground. These results were added together and with its average values a kx+m formula was calculated using the difference in x-direction and y-direction to calculate the slope coefficient k. When the formula was calculated with layers H0 and H1 the result was y=61*X-1285. This shows that it is possible to calculate yield strength with hardness, however, subsequent tests are needed to, Betygsdatum 2023-08-28
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- 2023
29. Effekten av Årsringsbredd, Sommarvedsandel, Svällning och Växtplats på Utvalda Mekaniska Egenskaper av Contorta (Pinus Contorta)
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Holmquist, Carl and Holmquist, Carl
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I dagsläget finns ca 600 000 ha Contortaskog i Sverige varav en stor del planterades runt 70- till 80-talet. Contorta har sitt ursprung i västra USA och Kanada och introducerades i Sverige som en lösning på en förutspådd fibersvacka. I dagsläget börjar en stor del av den inplanterade Contortan börjar bli så pass gammal att det går att ta fram sågade trävaror ur stocken men exakt vilka egenskaper svenskvuxen Contorta har inte helt redogjort. I denna studie har korrelationen mellan medelårsringsbredden, sommarvedsandelen, svällning och böjhållfastheten, e-modulen och densiteten undersökts. Dessutom undersöktes det om det finns en statistisk skillnad mellan de fyra växtplatserna hos Contortan i studien och hur Contorta skiljer sig mot svensk tall och gran. Korrelationen mellan medelårsringsbredden och böjhållfastheten var -0,33, densiteten -0,18 och E-modulen -0,42. För sommarvedsandelen var korrelationen till böjhållfastheten 0,11, densiteten 0,21 och E-modulen 0,06. För radiell respektive tangentiell svällning var korrelationen till böjhållfastheten -0,12 och -0,15, densiteten 0,01 och 0,11, E-modulen -0,29 och 0,27. För alla fyra växtplatser fanns det en statiskt signifikant skillnad mellan medelvärdena för alla undersökta variabler. Svensk tall och Gran har liknande samband., Currently there is about 600 000 hectares of lodgepole pine forests in Sweden which of most were planted during the 1970s and -80s. Lodgepole pine is native species to western USA and Canada and was introduced in Sweden as an answer to an expected pulp-fiber volume depression. A big portion of these stands are now reaching maturing age for sawn timber product production, but little is known about lodgepole pine grown on Swedish soil. In this study, the correlation between the mean tree ring width, latewood ratio, swelling and the bending strength, modulus of elasticity (MOE) and density have been studied, if there is a statistically significant difference between the four different geographical stands the lodgepole pine in this study are stemming from and lastly how Swedish grown lodgepole pine differs from the traditional Swedish construction lumbers Scots pine and Norway spruce. The correlation between the mean ring width and the bending strength was -0,33, the density -0,18 and the MOE -0,42. For the latewood ratio and the bending strength it was 0,11, the density 0,21 and the MOE 0,06. For the radial and tangential swelling respectively it was -0,12 and -0,15 for the bending strength, 0,01 and 0,11 for the density and -0,29 and 0,27 for the MOE. For all four different growth stands there was a statistically significant difference between the means for all studied variables. The relationships for both Scots pine and Norway spruce show similar magnitudes and directions.
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- 2023
30. Einfluss von Gleichgewichtstrainings auf die Konzentrationsleistung von Schülerinnen und Schülern von 5. und 6. Primarschulklassen
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D'Anzi, Michael and D'Anzi, Michael
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Aufmerksamkeits- und Konzentrationsprobleme zählen zu den häufigsten Beeinträchtigungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter. Vielerorts werden Bewegungspausen eingesetzt, um die Konzentrationsfähigkeit positiv zu beeinflussen. Um Gleichgewichtsübungen als zusätzliche konzentrationsfördernde Massnahmen in den Schulen etablieren zu können, bedarf es eines signifikanten Nachweises deren Effektivität. Um eine Steigerung der Konzentrationsleistung der Schülerinnen und Schüler aufgrund von Gleichgewichtstrainings nachweisen zu können, wird ein Quasi-Experiment mit Pre-/ Posttest-Design durchgeführt. Nach einem initialen Konzentrationstest absolvieren die Experimentalgruppen eine dreiwöchige Interventionsphase mit 2 täglichen, 5-minütigen Gleichgewichtstrainings. Direkt im Anschluss sowie zwei Wochen nach der Interventionsphase wird je ein Konzentrationstest durchgeführt. Parallel dazu wird bei einer Kontrollgruppe lediglich die Konzentration zu den drei vorgegebenen Zeitpunkten getestet. Zur Erhebung der Daten wird der d2–R Aufmerksamkeits- und Konzentrationstest nach Brickenkamp, Schmidt-Atzert und Liepmann eingesetzt (2010). Die Veränderung der Werte vom ersten zum zweiten Test beträgt bei den Experimentalgruppen 7.82 und ist als hochsignifikant einzustufen. Der entsprechende Zuwachs bei der Kontrollgruppe entspricht lediglich 4.38 und wird nur als sehr signifikant bewertet, wobei zusätzlich eine Überlappung der beiden Konfidenzintervalle zu verzeichnen ist. Der erwartete Übungseffekt durch das mehrmalige Durchführen des Konzentrationstests scheint vorzuliegen. Die Resultate der vorliegenden Arbeit ergänzen diejenigen der drei Masterarbeiten (Ritter, 2014; Weber, 2014; Egli, 2015) und der Dissertation (Everke, 2009), welche ebenfalls aufgrund kleiner Stichprobenumfänge und wegen des Übungseffekts lediglich teilweise signifikante Resultate aufweisen. Um mit Sicherheit feststellen zu können, welchen Einfluss Gleichgewichtstrainings auf die Konzentrationsleistung haben, sollte eine
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- 2023
31. Robust Portfolio Optimization with Correlation Penalties
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Nydahl, Pelle and Nydahl, Pelle
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Robust portfolio optimization models attempt to address the standard optimization method's high sensitivity to noise in the parameter estimates, by taking an investor's uncertainty about the estimates into account when finding an optimal portfolio. In this thesis, we study robust variations of an extension of the mean-variance problem, where an additional term penalizing the portfolio's correlation with an exogenous return sequence is included in the objective. Using a normalized risk factor model of the asset returns, estimations are done using EMA filtering as well as exponentially weighted linear regression. We show that portfolio performance can significantly improve with respect to a range of metrics, such as Sharpe ratio, expected shortfall and skewness, when using appropriate robust models and hyperparameters. We further show that extending the optimization problem with a correlation penalty can notably reduce portfolio correlation with an arbitrary return sequence, with only a small impact on other performance metrics., Robust portföljoptimering är en metod för att reducera vanliga portföljmodellers höga känslighet för brus i parameterskattningar, genom att ta en investerares osäkerhet kring skattningarna i åtanke när en optimal portfölj tas fram. I denna rapport studeras robusta varianter av ett utökat mean-variance-problem, där en straffterm för portföljens korrelation med en exogen avkastningsserie lagts till. Skattningarna bygger på en riskfaktor-modell för avkastningarna, och använder EMA-filter kombinerat med exponentiellt viktad linjär regression. Vi visar att en portföljs prestanda kan förbättras avsevärt med avseende på ett flertal prestandamått, till exempel Sharpe-kvot, expected shortfall och skevhet, vid användning av lämpliga robusta modeller och hyperparametrar. Vi visar också att inkludering av ett korrelationsstraff i optimeringsproblemet kan ge noterbara reduceringar i portföljens korrelation med en godtycklig avkastningsserie, med liten effekt på andra prestandamått.
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- 2023
32. Zweidimensionale Analysen mit quantitativen Merkmalen
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Uhlemann, Ingrid Andrea and Uhlemann, Ingrid Andrea
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- 2015
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33. Evidenzbasierung und Zusammenhangsanalysen in der Lehrkräftebildung: Diagnosewissen, Selbstkonzept und Einstellungen zu Inklusion in manifesten Wachstumsmodellen.
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Wedel, Alexander, Pfetsch, Jan, and Ittel, Angela
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SCIENCE education , *STUDENT teachers , *PROBLEM-based learning , *TEACHER education , *TEACHER training - Abstract
Teacher education utilizes the scientific construct of evidence for decisions on the design of teacher trainings. While the relationship between diagnostic knowledge and positive attitudes towards inclusive teaching is widely accepted, the available evidence is constrained by many factors. We discuss the conditions of constructing evidence in teacher education and show typical errors of classical correlation analyses. Our analyses are based on a quasi-experimental study with 63 pre-service teachers, who learned how to diagnose students either with problem-based learning or with instruction-based learning. Applying an innovative statistical method that allows for calculating growth-curve models with small sample sizes, we show that a growth in diagnostic knowledge can correlate with a growth in positive attitudes towards inclusive teaching. In the discussion we focus on the meaning of the results for the transition of pre-service teachers into teaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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34. Messunsicherheit bei der virtuellen Messung geometrischer Größen im Automobilbau.
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Galovska, Maryna, Germer, Christoph, Nagat, Mike, and Tutsch, Rainer
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Die Virtuelle Messdatenanalyse (VMDA) ist ein bei der Volkswagen AG entwickeltes System, das der Analyse der geometrischen Fahrzeugqualitätsmerkmale dient. Die Basis der VMDA ist das Kombinieren eines virtuellen Fahrzeugmodells und der realen Messwerte. Virtuelle Messungen der Spaltmaße zwischen den Baugruppen sind indirekte Messungen, deren Modelle als Algorithmen dargestellt werden. Ein Ansatz zur Bestimmung der Unsicherheit für virtuelle Messungen geometrischer Größen wurde vorgeschlagen und die Fortpflanzung der Messunsicherheiten im virtuellen Fahrzeug analysiert. Starke Auswirkungen der Korrelation auf die kombinierte Unsicherheit von virtuellen Fugenmessungen wurden gezeigt. The Virtual Measurement Data Analysis (VMDA) is a system developed at Volkswagen AG, which is applied to analyze the geometrical features of the vehicle. The basis of the VMDA is a combination of the virtual vehicle model with the real measurement data. The virtual measurements of gaps between parts or assemblies are indirect measurements given as an algorithm. An approach for the evaluation of the uncertainty of the virtual geometric measurements was proposed and the propagation of the measurement uncertainty in the virtual vehicle analyzed. An analysis of the measurement uncertainty propagation was carried out: from the measurement uncertainty of point coordinates to the combined uncertainty of the virtual measurements of gaps. Significant correlation effects on the combined uncertainty of the virtual gap measurement were shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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35. Personality traits and motivations of mentors in the Nightingale Project: A correlation study
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Dimitrova, Viktoria
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Motivation ,Big Five personality traits ,correlation ,Big-Five-Persönlichkeitsmerkmale ,Korrelation ,Mentor*innen ,mentors - Abstract
Diese Arbeit befasst sich sowohl mit den Big Five Persönlichkeitsmerkmalen als auch mit motivationalen Faktoren von freiwilligen Mentor*innen des Projekts Nightingale in Österreich. Das Ziel bestand darin, die motivationalen Anreize der Mentor*innen sowie die Persönlichkeitstypen, die hinter dem freiwilligen Mentoring stehen, zu analysieren. Anhand einer korrelativen Querschnittsstudie wurden die beiden Konstrukte mithilfe eines standardisierten Online-Fragebogens, der anhand zweier Erhebungsinstrumente (Volunteer Functions Inventar, Big Five Inventar 2) und mittels Sosci Survey erstellt wurde, erhoben. Die Stichprobe bestand aus 84 Mentor*innen. Für die Auswertung der Daten wurde das Statistikprogramm SPSS verwendet. Jeweils zwei der fünf Persönlichkeitsmerkmale korrelierten sowohl mit der intrinsischen als auch mit der extrinsischen Motivation. Innerhalb der bestehenden Zusammenhänge zeigten sich positive und negative Korrelationen. Die Zielgruppe der Mentor*innen, die sich freiwillig im Projekt Nightingale beteiligen, kann als altruistisch, kooperativ, zuverlässig und verantwortungsvoll beschrieben werden. Außerdem zeigte sich, dass die Mentor*innen aus innerem Antrieb motiviert sind, sich über einen längeren Zeitraum als Freiwillige im Projekt Nightingale zu engagieren. Durch die Erhebung der fünf Persönlichkeitsdimensionen (Verträglichkeit, Offenheit für Erfahrung, Gewissenhaftigkeit, Extraversion, Neurotizismus) und der motivationalen Faktoren wurde deutlich, dass diese beiden Merkmale wichtige Variablen der quantitativen empirischen Sozialforschung darstellen, weil dadurch ersichtlich wird, welche Personen hinter dem freiwilligen Engagement stehen. This paper deals with both the Big Five personality traits as well as with motivational factors of volunteer mentors of the Nightingale Project in Austria. The aim was to analyze the motivational incentives of mentors and the personality types behind voluntary mentoring. By applying a correlational cross-sectional study, the two constructs were surveyed with the help of a standardized online questionnaire constructed using two survey instruments (Volunteer Functions Inventory, Big Five Inventory 2) by using Sosci Survey. The sample consisted of 84 mentors. The statistical program SPSS was used to analyze the data. Two of each of the five personality traits correlated with both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Within the existing correlations, positive and negative correlations were found. The target group of mentors volunteering in the Nightingale Project can be described as altruistic, cooperative, reliable and responsible. In addition, it became apparent that the mentors are motivated by an inner drive to commit to the Nightingale Project as volunteers over a longer period of time. By surveying the five personality dimensions (agreeableness, openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, neuroticism) and the motivational factors, it became clear that these two characteristics are important variables in quantitative empirical social research because they reveal which individuals are behind the voluntary commitment. Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des Verfassers Masterarbeit Wien, FH Campus Wien 2023
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- 2023
36. Tackling uncertainty in structural lifetime evaluations.
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Sanio, David, Ahrens, Mark Alexander, and Mark, Peter
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STRUCTURAL analysis (Engineering) , *STRUCTURAL engineering , *DECONSTRUCTION , *FREIGHT & freightage , *TRAFFIC surveys - Abstract
Abstract: At present, investigation, rehabilitation and if necessary deconstruction and replacement of civil infrastructure are key challenges in structural engineering. Internationally, the number of bridges that show a critical state of preservation is growing while traffic loads, frequencies and freight amounts are still rising. Against the background of economic constraints authorities are challenged to decide on the right measures and order to take. Sound decisions rest on reliable data concerning structural health states and safely estimated residual lifetimes. Among experts it is widely accepted that estimated residual lifetimes must involve uncertainties from various domains like modelling assumptions, material data assessment, realistic traffic loads etc. Uncertainties reduce accuracies and thus might reduce computed residual lifetimes. To overcome this burden, model updates, material testing, traffic census or at best monitoring of sensitive structural elements can be applied. The contribution presents up‐to‐date methods and results of geometry assessments from laser scans, multi‐copter overflights or mobile mapping, material testing, FE‐model updates from test loadings on‐site, data and video based traffic census, transient temperature constraint evaluations from climate data as well as strain monitoring of tendons at a large scale concrete bridge. The measures are stochastically evaluated to quantify potential gains even if correlation of model parameters is involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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37. Das Tertiär in der Stratigraphischen Tabelle von Deutschland 2016.
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Janssen, Ronald, Doppler, Gerhard, Grimm, Kirsten, Grimm, Matthias, Haas, Ulrich, Hiss, Martin, Köthe, Angelika, Radtke, Gudrun, Reichenbacher, Bettina, Salamon, Martin, Standke, Gerda, Teipel, Ulrich, Thomas, Melanie, Uffenorde, Henning, and Wielandt-Schuster, Ulrike
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The regional and stratigraphic subdivision of the Tertiary as part of the Stratigraphic Table of Germany 2016 (STD 2016) is summarised. Primarily, changes compared to STD 2002 are commented. Concerning more detailed explanations, the reader is referred to the respective literature and corresponding definitions in LithoLex (https://litholex.bgr.de). The STD 2016 has not only practical significance, but is also a working basis for (1) the further development of the stratigraphic terminology of the German Tertiary, (2) the correlations of regional units and (3) an improved correlation of the regional stages of the North Sea Basin and the Central Paratethys with the Global Stratigraphic Scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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38. Die Stratigraphische Tabelle von Deutschland 2016 (STD 2016).
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Menning, Manfred
- Abstract
The purpose of the Stratigraphic Table of Germany 2016 (STG 2016, in German) is presented. The table uses the time scale of the Geological Time Scale 2012 (GTS 2012) from the Ediacarian to the Silurian and from the Late Triassic to the Quaternary. An individual scale has been developed for the Devonian. The time scale of the Stratigraphic Table of Germany 2002 (STG 2002, in German) for the Carboniferous and Permian is also used and the time scale for the Early and Middle Triassic is from the Explanations 2005 on the Stratigraphic Table of Germany 2002 (ESTG 2005, in German). The ages of the boundaries of the Palaeozoic and Mesozoic stages are rounded to 0.5 Ma and 1 Ma respectively. The time relations of many beds of Central Europe to the Global Stratigraphic Scale (GSS) are variable and not finally settled. This fact is evident from the numerous arrows at stratigraphic boundaries. As many as possible stratigraphic units are shown with their most recent names and some additionally with their traditional ones in parentheses. No agreement exists on basinwide hiatuses, e.g. in the Keuper, whereas such gaps are mainly accepted in the North German Basin in the upper Rotliegend and at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary. Revisions in relation to the STG 2002 and selected problems, including fundamental stratigraphic ones, as well as exceptions in the different time spans of the STG 2016 are discussed. Finally, the Stratigraphic Table of Germany Compact 2017 (STGC 2017, in German) is briefly mentioned. It is based on the Stratigraphic Table of Germany Compact 2012 (STGC 2012, versions in German and English) using the time scale of the STG 2016. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
- Full Text
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39. Vegetation patterns and composition of mixed coniferous forests along an altitudinal gradient in the Western Himalayas of Pakistan.
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Saima, Shehzadi, Altaf, Adeela, Faiz, Muhammad Hashim, Shahnaz, Fozia, and Guang Wu
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CONIFEROUS forests , *VEGETATION & climate , *PLANT communities , *PLANT species , *SOIL physics - Abstract
The present study was conducted to quantify the diversity of species, boundaries of the plant communities along the altitudinal gradient and correlation between environmental factors and plant assemblage as little is known about the diversity and overall vegetation pattern of the study area. The study sites were located inside the Western Himalayan mixed coniferous forest at latitude ranging between 34°47'22"N 73°32'58"E in the Kaghan Valley (Pakistan). Altitude of the study sites ranges from 2100-3000 m a.s.l. The study area is characterized by having extensive development of coniferous species which follows a typical structural sequence along the altitudinal gradient. Vegetation parameters were recorded from 20 sites during field survey. Soil samples from each site were collected for determining soil physical and chemical properties. Classification and ordination was used to simplify the complex data set and to know the nature of boundaries of plant communities. Axes 1 and 2 of the Detrended Correspondence analysis (DCA) were used for data interpretation of both sites and species. Four diverse groups of plant species: 1 (down slope basiophyte communities), 2 (transitional communities), 3 (upslope subalpine communities), 4 (Hill top krummholz communities) were identified. Spearman's Rank Correlation Coefficient was used to detect relationship between environmental, soil variables and distribution of species in groups. The study suggests that the assemblage and distribution of the species are largely regulated by the altitude and concomitant changes in climatic and edaphic factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
40. HTA und aktuelle Herausforderungen: Harmonisierung, Real World Data und Surrogatparameter.
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Rüther, Alric, Herrmann, Kirsten H., Hebborn, Ansgar, Perleth, Matthias, Schwarzer, Ruth, Schürmann, Christoph, Sieben, Wiebke, Gillhaus, Johanna, Goertz, Ralf, Jeratsch, Ulli, Leverkus, Friedhelm, and Schramm, Wendelin
- Subjects
- *
BIOMARKERS , *BIOMETRY , *DECISION making , *MEDICAL technology , *PUBLIC health , *QUALITY assurance , *EVIDENCE-based medicine , *THEORY - Abstract
Health Technology Assessment is one of the standard instruments in support of the decision-making to define the public health services both internationally and in the German health care system. Besides system- atic reviews, benefit-harm-analyses, health economic evaluations, and, decision-analytic modelling, especially epidemiological and biometrical questions and methods play a key role. From this perspective discus- sions on increased European cooperation including calls for wider harmonization are attracting greater interests. The overall aim is, to present at the GMDS workshop relevant information on this emerging field of harmonization in Europe across similarities and differences in the HTA process. Current developments around the composition of the EU-HTA Network are provided. This network accepts the challenge to define and establish a "Joint Work" across Europe. Special emphasis was placed on the discussion on "Harmonization of HTA: is it a threat or does it mean support?". Furthermore, methodolo- gical discussions and questions are being addressed: "Are Real World Data and Surrogates possible parameters for decision-making or HTA?" [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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41. Das Devon in der Stratigraphischen Tabelle von Deutschland 2016.
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Schindler, Eberhard, Brocke, Rainer, Becker, R. Thomas, Buchholz, Peter, Jansen, Ulrich, Luppold, Friedrich Wilhelm, Nesbor, Heinz-Dieter, Salamon, Martin, Weller, Helmut, and Weyer, Dieter
- Subjects
- *
CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY , *DEVONIAN Period , *FACIES , *STRUCTURAL geology , *GEOLOGICAL time scales - Abstract
14 years after the presentation of the Stratigraphic Table of Germany 2002 (STD 2002) it is now replaced by the updated Stratigraphic Table of Germany 2016 (STD 2016). Explanations and - where needed - corrections are noted according to the various regions shown in the columns of the table. New age determinations, facies assignments and tectonic units (nappes) are given. Relations to international stratigraphic subdivisions, age determinations and respective tables are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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42. Die Devon-Zeitskala der Stratigraphischen Tabelle von Deutschland 2016 (STD 2016).
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Menning, Manfred, Glodny, Johannes, Brocke, Rainer, Jansen, Ulrich, Schindler, Eberhard, and Weyer, Dieter
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CARBONIFEROUS stratigraphic geology , *DEVONIAN Period , *RADIOISOTOPES , *SILURIAN Period , *GEOLOGICAL time scales - Abstract
In the Stratigraphic Table of Germany 2016 (STG 2016, in German), the timing of stages within the Devonian is derived using relevant radio-isotopic age determinations (RIA) from the period between 1990 and 2017. Rounding of the ages to whole millions of years is applied, to avoid misleadingly precise reporting of calculated values. The age of the Silurian- Devonian boundary in the STG 2016 is set to 418 Ma, but data would also permit a value of 419 Ma. The Devonian- Carboniferous boundary has an age of 361 Ma in STG 2016, based on formally published RIA, which is in contrast to the age value of 358.9 ± 0.4 Ma proposed in the Global Time Scale 2012 (GTS 2012). The ages of stage boundaries in time intervals lacking relevant RIA are estimated using the time ruler of Weddige (1996). The temporal relations between the seven global stages of the Devonian presented by Tucker et al. (1998) continue to be valid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
- Full Text
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43. Antioxidant Capacity, Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Enzymes of Wild Grape Seeds from Different Accessions Grown in Iran.
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Hassanpour, Hamid and Khoshamad, Rogayeh
- Subjects
GRAPE seeds ,THERAPEUTIC use of antioxidants ,PHYTOCHEMICALS ,CHRONIC disease treatment ,GUAIACOL ,THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
Grape seeds contain high levels of phytochemicals, that have been associated with a reduced risk of chronic diseases. In this study, the polyphenolic content, antioxidant capacity and antioxidant enzymes activity in the seeds of 20 wild grape accessions native to Iran were investigated. The antioxidant capacity of the wild grape seeds was evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and Fe chelating. Total phenolic (TP), total flavanoid (TF) and total proanthocyanidin (TPA) content ranged from 44.86 to 155.1, 23.21 to 131.91, and 10.11 to 26.10 mg/g seed, respectively. All seed extracts showed remarkable DPPH radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and Fe chelating ranging from 27.34 to 78.57%, 198.83 to 590.86 µmol TE/g and 23.12 to 62.98%, respectively. Grape seed extracts had the greatest antioxidant enzymes activity guaiacol peroxidase (G-POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). Based on HPLC analyses, catechin was the most abundant compound identified (25.89 mg/g) for all accessions. Additionally, significant correlations among different antioxidant assays were found. With the high amount of total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity and antioxidant enzymes activity, seeds of P6, P7 and P8 accessions might be evaluated as a nutritional supplement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
- Full Text
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44. General-purpose imputation of planned missing data in social surveys: Different strategies and their effect on correlations
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Axenfeld, Julian B., Bruch, Christian, Wolf, Christof, Axenfeld, Julian B., Bruch, Christian, and Wolf, Christof
- Abstract
Planned missing survey data, for example stemming from split questionnaire designs are becoming increasingly common in survey research, making imputation indispensable to obtain reasonably analyzable data. However, these data can be difficult to impute due to low correlations, many predictors, and limited sample sizes to support imputation models. This paper presents findings from a Monte Carlo simulation, in which we investigate the accuracy of correlations after multiple imputation using different imputation methods and predictor set specifications based on data from the German Internet Panel (GIP). The results show that strategies that simplify the imputation exercise (such as predictive mean matching with dimensionality reduction or restricted predictor sets, linear regression models, or the multivariate normal model without transformation) perform well, while especially generalized linear models for categorical data, classification trees, and imputation models with many predictor variables lead to strong biases., Geplant fehlende Werte in sozialwissenschaftlichen Befragungen, beispielsweise infolge eines Split Questionnaire Designs, treten in der Umfrageforschung immer häufiger auf. Um hinlänglich analysierbare Daten zu erhalten, ist hierbei oftmals eine Imputation erforderlich. Die statistische Modellierung bei der Imputation solcher Daten kann jedoch aufgrund niedriger Korrelationen, einer Großzahl möglicher Prädiktoren und begrenzter Stichprobengrößen mit enormen Herausforderungen verbunden sein. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt Ergebnisse aus einer Monte-Carlo-Simulation vor, in der basierend auf Daten des German Internet Panels (GIP) die Validität von Korrelationsschätzungen in einem Split Questionnaire Design unter Verwendung verschiedener Imputationsstrategien untersucht wird. Dabei zeigt sich, dass Ansätze, die die Imputation vereinfachen, zu guten Ergebnissen führen können (z.B. Predictive Mean Matching mit Dimensionsreduktion oder wenigen Prädiktorvariablen). Demgegenüber können insbesondere Generalisierte Lineare Modelle für kategoriale Daten, Klassifikationsbäume (CART) und Imputationsmodelle mit vielen Prädiktorvariablen starke Verzerrungen zur Folge haben.
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- 2022
45. Flight to Quality:Påverkar räntaninvesterares reallokeringav kapital? : En kvantitativ studie om förflyttningen av kapital från aktier till obligationer i Sverige under de senaste 30 åren och räntans påverkan.
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Salerud, Eric, Löfgren, Elias, Salerud, Eric, and Löfgren, Elias
- Abstract
Bakgrund: Kapital på börsen förflyttas fram och tillbaka mellan olika tillgångar, vilket ären naturlig del av diversifieringen i portföljer. När osäkerheten ökar i marknaden väljerinvesterare normalt att förflytta kapital från aktier till säkrare tillgångar som exempelvisobligationer, vilket beskrivs som Flight to Quality (FTQ). Däremot har räntorna efter denglobala finanskrisen 2008 varit historiskt låga och under vissa perioder negativa, vilket i sintur försvagar förflyttningen. Sverige har här utmärkt sig, genom att till skillnad från USA,fortsatt att sänka räntan och legat på låga nivåer under en väldigt lång tid. Därmed uppstårfunderingar kring hur förflyttningar av kapital har sett ut i Sverige de senaste 30 åren, samthur det senaste lågränteklimatet påverkar. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka förhållandet mellan avkastningen på noteradeobligationer och aktier i Sverige från 1993 till 2022. Studien ska även undersöka hur enlågräntemiljö påverkar förhållandet. Metod: OMXSPI samt BMSD10Y har använts för att beräkna avkastningen på aktierrespektive obligationer från databaserna Refinitiv Eikon samt Refinitiv Datastream. Urvaleti studien uppgick till 7271 respektive 1526 observationer. Genom en kvantitativ metod ochdeduktiv ansats har studien utgått från teorin gällande FTQ för att undersöka hurkorrelationen förändrats. Vidare har regressioner använts för att säkerställa påverkan pånivån av korrelationen samt hur ett lågränteklimat påverkar styrkan i FTQ. Slutsats: Studiens resultat påvisar att korrelationen mellan aktier och obligationer undertidsperioden har varit svagt negativ med fyra olika strukturella förändringar under perioden.Vidare visar studiens resultat att ett lågränteklimat under perioden har försvagat styrkan iFTQ:er som inträffat i Sverige mellan 1993 och 2022. Studien bidrar till litteraturen inomområdet korrelation mellan aktier och obligationers avkastningar, samt litteraturen kringlågränteklimats påverkan på finansiella marknader., Background: Capital on the stock exchange is moved back and forth between differentassets, which is a natural part of the diversification of portfolios. When uncertainty increasesin the market, investors normally choose to move capital from equities to safer assets such asbonds, which is described as Flight to Quality (FTQ). On the other hand, interest rates afterthe global financial crisis in 2008 have been historically low and in some cases negative,which in turn weakens the capital movement. Sweden has distinguished itself, in that unlikethe United States, it has continued to lower its interest rates and have kept them at low levelsfor a very long time. This raises concerns about how capital movements over the past 30 yearshave developed in Sweden, and how the recent low interest rate climate is affecting. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to investigate the relationship between returns onstocks and bonds in Sweden from 1993 to 2022. The study will also investigate how a lowyield environment effects the relationship. Method: OMXSPI and BMSD10Y have been used to calculate the return on stocks andbonds from the databases Refinitiv Eikon and Refinitiv Datastream, respectively. The samplein the study amounted to 7271 and 1526 observations. Through a quantitative method anddeductive approach, the study has been based on the theory regarding FTQ to investigatehow the correlation has changed. Furthermore, regressions have been used to ensure theimpact on the level of the correlation and how a low interest rate climate affects the strengthof the FTQ. Conclusion: The result shows a weak negative correlation between returns on stocks andbonds during the time period, with four different structural breaks during the period.Furthermore, the results show that a low yield environment has weakened the strength of theFlights to Quality that have occurred in Sweden between 1993 and 2022. This studycontributes to the literature in the field of stock-bond return correlation and t
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- 2022
46. Samband mellan ordförråd och läsförståelse : Ordförrådets betydelse för läsförståelsen hos elever med svenska som andraspråk i årskurs 5 och 6
- Author
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Stibe, Johannes, Wahlström, Amanda, Stibe, Johannes, and Wahlström, Amanda
- Abstract
Denna studie tar avstamp i en skola, där elever med svenska som andraspråk generellt sett presterar på en lägre nivå än enspråkigt svenska elever, samtidigt som antalet elever med svenska som andraspråk ökar. Tidigare forskning visar att det är ordförrådet och läsförståelsen som skiljer sig mellan förstaspråkselever och andraspråkselever, medan det är obetydliga skillnader vad gäller avkodning. Syftet med denna studie är att öka kunskapen om sambandet mellan ordförrådets djup och bredd samt läsförståelsen hos elever med svenska som andraspråk i årskurs fem och sex. Studien använder en kvantitativ metod, bestående av tre test som ämnar mäta läsförståelsen samt ordförrådets djup och bredd hos studiens 50 informanter. Resultatet sammanställs och analyseras i syfte att kartlägga korrelationen mellan resultatet på studiens tre tester. Det framgår av resultaten att det finns en måttlig korrelation mellan ordförrådets djup och läsförståelsen, medan korrelationen mellan ordförrådets bredd och läsförståelse är svag. Detta resultat tolkas utifrån modellen The Simple View of Reading samt tidigare forskning på området.
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- 2022
47. Utveckling och resurshyror
- Author
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Danielsson, Marcus and Danielsson, Marcus
- Abstract
I en värld av ökad exploatering av jordens resurser skapas också mer potentiella källor för konflikt men också källor för intäkter som kan användas för ekonomisk och mänsklig utveckling. Medan tidigare forskning ofta visat att naturresurser har ett negativt samband med utveckling som ofta innebär ekonomisk utveckling utökar denna uppsats vyn genom att titta på mänsklig utveckling och skiljer på olika resurser i statistiska analysen. Syftet med denna text är att undersöka om resurshyror påverkar BNP per capita-tillväxt och HDI-tillväxt och huruvida fem olika typer av resurshyror (mineral, skog, olja, naturgas, kol) skiljer sig åt i deras samband med utveckling. För att testa detta samband har två korrelationstest gjorts under två tidsperioder, först mellan 1970–2019 sedan 1990–2019. Det första korrelationstestet fann inget signifikant samband men det andra hittade både samband som stödde resursförbannelseteorin och ett positivt samband mellan skogshyror och HDI-tillväxt vilket kan betyda att olika typer av resurser har olika typer av utfall.
- Published
- 2022
48. Från serum till plasma : Jämförelse av paratyroideahormon samt kortisol på Cobas 8000®
- Author
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Mellberg, Maline and Mellberg, Maline
- Abstract
Paratyroideahormon (PTH) och kortisol är två analyter som i dagsläget analyseras i serum med elektrokemilumenicense på instrumentet Cobas 8000® på Klinisk Kemi på Länssjukhuset i Kalmar. I framtiden är det planerat att övergå till att analysera dem i plasma. Syftet med projektet var att jämföra värden som erhållits för serum samt plasma för de båda analyterna och undersöka korrelationen mellan dem. Samtidigt utvärderades metodernas repeterbarhet samt eventuellt inflytande av oförutsebara faktorer på mätresultaten med en totalimprecisionsstudie. PTH är ett peptidhormon som reglerar kalciumhomeostasen i kroppen. Dysfunktion i produktionen av PTH kan leda till osteoporos, hjärtarytmier, muskelkramper samt mentala störningar. Kortisol är ett livsnödvändigt steroidhormon som påverkar ämnesomsättningen och säkerställande det centrala nervsystemets energibehov i situationer med hög stress. Båda analyserna utförs rutinmässigt samt akut och en övergång till plasma skulle framför allt vara tidsbesparande och generera kortare svarstider. Jämförelsen av serum och plasma gjordes med 15 prover från patienter där ett serumrör samt ett plasmarör hade tagits vid samma provtillfälle. Detta resulterade i en determinationskoefficient (r2) som var för PTH 0,9988 och för kortisol 0,9993. Totalimprecisionen uppskattades genom att analysera två serumkontroller för PTH och kortisol med sex replikat under fem dagar. Variationskoefficienten (CV) för de två PTH-serumkontrollerna var 3,9% för IM2 respektive 3,1% för IM3. För kortisol-serumkontrollerna var CV 2,1% för IM1 respektive 1,3% för IM2. För metoderna eftersträvades ett CV under 5%. Slutsatsen var att korrelationen mellan serum och plasma var mycket god samt att metoderna hade en bra stabilitet och repeterbarhet., Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and cortisol are hormones involved in regulation of important mechanisms in the human body. PTH regulates the homeostasis of calcium and dysfunction in PTH production and release could lead to osteoporosis and arrythmia. Cortisol is involved in the metabolism and assures energy to the central nervous system in times of physiological stress. The concentration of these analytes is clinically determined by electrochemical luminescence on the immunochemical assay platform Cobas 8000®. In the laboratory of clinical chemistry in Kalmar the assays are performed on samples obtained from serum but changing to plasma assays would be more efficient and less time consuming. The aim of this project was to compare measured concentrations for PTH and cortisol using samples obtained from serum and plasma, respectively and to determine the correlation between the obtained results. The analytical precision was also evaluated to appreciate the influence of unpredictable events on the results. The comparison between the results obtained from serum and plasma was performed by analysing 15 patient samples. Each serum and plasma sample were taken at the same time and from the same patient. The coefficient of determination for PTH was calculated to 0,9988 and for cortisol 0,9993 in serum and plasma, respectively. For the evaluation of the analytical precision, six replicates of two different serum controls for each analyte was assayed during six replicates for five days. In total of 30 replicates for each control. The coefficient of variation (CV) for PTH controls was 3,9% for IM2 and 3,1% for IM3. CV for cortisol was 2,1% for IM1 and 1,3% for IM2. The conclusion from this project was that there was a strong correlation between serum and plasma and both assays had good precision and repeatability.
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- 2022
49. Ger högre risk verkligen en högre avkastning? : En kvantitativ studie om risk och avkastning på Frankfurtbörsen
- Author
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Andersson, Sebastian, Temesgen, Sharon, Andersson, Sebastian, and Temesgen, Sharon
- Abstract
As an investor, the goal is to get as high return at as low risk as possible on an invested stock. Theories show a positive relationship between high risk and high return. However, there are studies that contradict this statement, which creates misleading investors. The purpose of this quantitative study was to investigate the relationship between risk and return, to see if increased risk really leads to a higher return. The study is limited to the Frankfurt Stock Exchange between the period 2010-2019. The index examined is Germany's largest index DAX, which comprised 30 shares on 1 January 2015. Four portfolios have been created: two low-risk portfolios and two high-risk portfolios, where fictitious investments were made to then measure the return after a period of five years. The two risk measures used in the study for calculation are beta value and volatility. The beta value has been used in CAPM to calculate the expected return. The results of the study using correlation and multiple regression analysis obtained a negative significant relationship between risk and return. The portfolios also showed a negative relationship between higher risk and higher return. The results from this study are consistent with many previous studies, but the variables used to measure and define risk can be questioned., För en investerare är målet att få en så hög avkastning till en så låg risk som möjligt. Finansiella teorier och allmän uppfattning hävdar att det finns ett positivt samband mellan hög risk och hög avkastning. Dock finns det mycket tidigare forskning som motstrider detta påstående, vilket kan bli vilseledande för investerare. Syftet med denna kvantitativa studie var att undersöka sambandet mellan risk och avkastning, för att se om ökad risk leder till en högre avkastning. Utöver det undersöktes om CAPM kunde ge en korrekt estimering av framtida förväntad avkastning. Studien avgränsades till Frankfurtbörsen mellan perioden 2010-2019. Det indexet som undersöktes var Tysklands största index DAX som det såg ut 2015-01-01, det omfattades då av 30 aktier. Fyra portföljer har skapats: två portföljer med låg risk och två portföljer med hög risk, där fiktiva investeringar gjordes för att sedan mäta avkastningen efter en tidsperiod på fem år. De två mått på risk som studien använt är betavärde och volatilitet. Betavärdet har använts i CAPM för att beräkna förväntad avkastning. Studiens resultat har med hjälp av korrelation och multipel regressionsanalys visat på ett negativt signifikant samband mellan risk och avkastning. Portföljerna visade också på ett negativt samband mellan högre risk och högre avkastning. Resultatet från denna studie är i enhetlighet med många tidigare studier, dock kan de variabler som använts för att mäta och definiera risk ifrågasättas.
- Published
- 2022
50. Validation of the Visia® Camera System for skin analysis through assessment of the correlations among the three offered measurements - the percentile, feature count and absolute score - as well as the three capture perspectives, from the left, front and right
- Author
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Henseler, H and Henseler, H
- Abstract
Objective: Validation of the Visia® Camera System in terms of providing data on various skin aspects via the establishment of the correlations among the obtained measurements - the percentile, feature count and absolute score. Method: A large data cloud was analysed statistically following a clinical study. In the study, facial images of nineteen women were obtained at two different time points, before and three months after following a skin care routine. Objective analysis was provided by the Visia® Camera System, which provided measurements firstly as percentiles, secondly as feature counts and thirdly as absolute scores on eight different skin aspects. The eight skin criteria were spots, wrinkles, skin texture, pores, UV spots, brown spots, red marks and porphyrins. Data on the facial skin were gathered from three different perspectives, namely the left, front and right views. The correlations between pairs of the three obtained measurements, i.e., the percentile, the feature count and the absolute score, were calculated. Further, the correlation coefficients for the three capture perspectives, from the left, front and right, were calculated. Data from the two time points, i.e., before and after application of the skin care cosmetic line were analysed. The statistical analyses were conducted using R (R Core Team 2016).Results: There was a high level of correlation among the three offered measurement methods. From 144 calculations of the correlations 128 (88.9%) were statistically significant (p<0.05). The correlation coefficients in the vast majority of cases pointed to very clear correlations between the two examined variables. In particular, 50% of the absolute values of these correlations were above 0.945. The few insignificant results were in UV spots and wrinkles. All three methods used to measure the data on skin aspects, i.e., the percentiles, the feature count and the absolute score, served equally well when making comparisons between the two time points., Einleitung: Validierung der Visia® Kamera in der Datenanalyse zu verschiedenen Hauteigenschaften durch Bestimmung der Korrelationen zwischen den erhobenen Messgrößen - Perzentile, Merkmal in Zahlen und absoluter Wert. Methode: Eine umfangreiche Datenwolke nach Durchführung einer klinischen Studie wurde statistisch analysiert. In der Studie wurden Bildaufnahmen der Gesichter von neunzehn Frauen zu zwei verschiedenen Zeitpunkten - vor und drei Monate nach Anwendung einer Hautpflegeserie - erhoben. Eine objektive Analyse erfolgte durch die Visia® Kamera, die Messungen erstens als Perzentile, zweitens als Merkmal in Zahlen und drittens als absoluten Wert zu acht verschiedenen Hauteigenschaften anbot. Die acht Hauteigenschaften waren Flecken, Falten, Ebenheit, Poren, UV- Flecken, braune Flecken, rote Bereiche und Porphyrine. Insgesamt wurden Daten der Gesichtshaut aus drei verschiedenen Perspektiven - von links, vorne und rechts - aufgenommen. Die Korrelationen zwischen den angegebenen Messungen - der Perzentilen, dem Merkmal in Zahlen und dem absoluten Wert - wurden berechnet. Es wurden außerdem die Korrelationskoeffizienten zwischen den drei photographischen Perspektiven von links, vorne und rechts kalkuliert. Daten zwischen den zwei Aufnahmezeitpunkten - vor und nach Anwendung der kosmetischen Hautpflegelinie - wurden ausgewertet. Die statistische Analyse erfolgte mit dem Programm R (R Core Team 2016).Ergebnisse: Es bestand ein hohes Niveau der Korrelationen zwischen den drei angebotenen Messmethoden. Von den 144 Korrelationsberechnungen waren 128 (entspricht 88,9%) statistisch signifikant (p<0.05). Die Korrelationskoeffizienten lagen zum allergrößten Teil in einem Bereich, der auf einen sehr deutlichen Zusammenhang zwischen den je 2 untersuchten Variablen hindeutete. Insbesondere lagen 50% der Absolutwerte der Korrelationskoeffizienten oberhalb eines Wertes von 0,945. Die wenigen nicht statistisch signifikanten Zusammenhänge beschränkten sich auf UV-Flecken und Falte
- Published
- 2022
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