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U radu su prikazani rezultati perspektivnih genotipova pšenice, gajenih u različitim agroekološkim uslovima, tokom 2013/2014. godine. Analizirane su produktivne osobine i kvalitet zrna, i utvrđene su korelacione veze između njih. Zapaža se da su genotipovi sa nižim prinosom imali bolјi kvalitet zrna i obrnuto. Kao najprinosniji genotip, istakao se KG-60-3/3 (5,6 t ha-1), dok su genotipovi KG-52/3 i KG-47/21 imali najveće proseče vrednosti sedimentacije proteina (43,6 ml i 40,7 ml) i sadržaja vlažnog glutena (36,2% i 35,1%). Uočena je jaka zavisnost između mase zrna po klasu, mase zrna po bilјci i mase 1000 zrna. Ove komponenete prinosa su pozitivno korelisane sa prinosom zrna. Sa druge strane, između prinosa i kvaliteta zrna utvrđena je negativna korelacija, što otežava proces oplemenjivanja u cilјu stvaranja genotipova sa pozitivnom ekspresijom obe osobine. The paper presents the results of perspective wheat genotypes, grown in different agroecological conditions, during 2013/2014. Productive traits and grain quality were analyzed, and correlations between them were established. It is observed that genotypes with lower yield had better grain quality and vice versa. As the most productive genotype, it stood out KG-60-3/3 (5.6 t ha-1), while genotypes KG-52/3 and KG-47/21 had the highest average protein sedimentation values (43.6 ml & 40 .7 ml) and wet gluten content (36.2% & 35.1%). A strong dependence was observed between the mass of grains per ear, the mass of grains per plant and the mass of 1000 grains. These yield components are positively correlated with grain yield. On the other hand, a negative correlation was established between yield and grain quality, which makes the breeding process difficult in order to create genotypes with positive expression of both traits.

SažetakDivlja trešnja (Prunus avium L.) vrsta je diskontinuiranog areala koja raste u mješovitim šumama južne, središnje i zapadne Europe U šumarstvu dugoročni programi oplemenjivanja teže poboljšanju kvalitete i proizvodnje njenog drveta. U Hrvatskoj je na osnovi osam fenotipskih kriterija kvalitete drvne mase, na području tri sjemenske regije, provedena selekcija i odabrano 27 stabala divlje trešnje, te je 2002. godine osnovana klonska sjemenska plantaža na području šumarije Kutina. Za potrebe ovog istraživanja u plantaži je odabran uzorak od 24 klona, predstavljenih sa po tri ramete (Tablica 1). Na svakoj je rameti odabrana i obilježena po jedna primjerna grana. Izmjerena je puna dužina odabrane grane i svih njenih izbojaka koji su nosili cvjetove i plodove. Izmjeren je opseg rameta na 50 cm visine i preračunat u promjer. U proljeće 2013. godine na primjernim su granama, na svakoj rameti u ožujku prebrojani svi generativni pupovi (PUP) prije otvaranja. U travnju su prebrojani cvjetovi (CV), te na uzorku 20 cvatova, broj cvjetova u cvatu (BRC). U lipnju su na primjernim granama prebrojani svi plodovi. Broj pupova, cvjetova ili plodova je za sve izmjerene ramete sveden na 100 cm dužine grane. Varijabla Iskorištenje pupova (IPUP) izračunata je za svaku rametu kao omjer stvarnog broja cvjetova i potencijalnog broja cvjetova (formula u Materijal i metode). Zametanje plodova (ZPL) izračunato je kao omjer cvjetova i plodova. U periodu od 10. travnja do 06. lipnja 2013, na istim rametama na kojima su izvršene izmjere, provedena su fenološka opažanja cvjetanja divlje trešnje (Slika 1). Izvedene fenološke varijable su OP – početak otvaranja pupova – broj dana od 1. siječnja 2013. do dana kada je rameta ušla u fenofazu 1, PR – početak receptivnosti – broj dana do dana kada je rameta ušla u fenofazu 2, ZR – završetak receptivnosti – broj dana do dana kada je rameta ušla u fenofazu 6, TR – razlika ZR – PR, tj. broj dana koji je rameta provela u fenofazama 2 – 6, PVR – početak vrhunca receptivnosti – broj dana do dana kada je rameta ušla u fenofazu 3, ZVR – završetak vrhunca receptivnosti – broj dana do zadnjeg dana koji je rameta provela u fenofazi 5, TVR – trajanje vrhunca receptivnosti – razlika ZVR – PVR, tj. broj dana koji je rameta provela u fenofazama 3 – 5, KR – količina receptivnosti – zbroj koeficijenata ženske plodnosti za pojedine fenofaze u kojima je rameta zatečena na dane opažanja. Koeficijenti su izračunati na temelju tablice postotaka ženske plodnosti iz Diaz i Merlo (2008) (Tablica 2.). Rezultati deskriptivne statistike za varijable PUP, CV, IPUP, PL i ZPL prikazani su u Tablici 3 i na Slici 2, zajedno sa grafikonom prosječnih koeficijenta unutarklonske varijabilnosti. Na temelju meteoroloških podataka za Kutinu 2012. i 2013. godine izračunati su parametri zadovoljenja potreba biljaka za zimskim inaktivnim temperaturama (Winter chilling), kao i proljetnim temperaturama potrebnim za pokretanje sokova i početak vegetacijskog perioda i (Forcing), po Luedeling i dr. 2013. (The Chilling Hours Model, The Utah Model za „Winter chilling“ i Growing Degree Hours Model za „Forcing“). Na temelju zemljopisnih koordinata utvrđene su nadmorske visine izvornih majčinskih stabala. Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi raznolikost nekih reproduktivnih svojstava na klonovima divlje trešnje iz klonske sjemenske plantaže Kutina, utvrditi međusoban odnos tih svojstava, odnos sa svojstvima vegetativnog rasta i fenološkim svojstvima. Pritom se nastojalo zapažene odnose staviti u kontekst podataka o okolišnim uvjetima u vrijeme cvatnje i plodonošenja. Od promatranih generativnih svojstava i početka otvaranja pupova (OP) klonovi su se statistički značajno razlikovali u svim svojstvima (CV, BRC, IPUP, ZPL, PL, OP) osim broja generativnih pupova (PUP) (ANOVA – Tablica 4). Te su razlike kod BRC i CV bile uzrokovane razlikama između klonova sa ekstremnim vrijednostima, dok se veći Oroslavje na ostalih klonova međusobno nije statistički značajno razlikovala (Tukey Kramer test), ali statistička značajnost međuklonskih razlika rasla je po varijablama od stadija pupa do konačnog plodonošenja. Statistički najznačajnije razlike među klonovima ustanovljene su za početak otvaranja pupova (OP) (Tablica 5), gdje je i unutarklonska raznolikost bila značajna. Meteorološke prilike u 2012. i 2013. godini bile su relativno povoljne i biljke su zadovoljile svoje potrebe (Winterchilling i Forcing). Vrijednosti zametanja plodova (ZPL) bile su u skladu s drugim istraživanjima ili čak više, što upućuje na zadovoljavajući rodni potencijal ovih klonova u slučaju povoljnih vremenskih uvjeta, prisustva polinatora i pravovremenog suzbijanja štetnika. U ovom smo istraživanju utvrdili pozitivnu korelaciju između početnog broja generativnih pupova, te naknadnog broja cvjetova i, konačno, plodova. Početni broj pupova bio je pozitivno koreliran i sa samim zametanjem plodova. Isto se tako pokazalo da su klonovi koji su ranije ušli u vrhunac receptivnosti (PVR) bili uspješniji u plodonošenju i zametanju plodova (Tablica 6). Međutim, iskorištenje pupova kao omjer stvarnog i potencijalnog broja cvjetova pokazalo je suprotan trend, što nije u skladu sa spomenutim istraživanjem, ali odgovara čestom opažanju o međusobnoj kompeticiji ne samo vegetativnih i generativnih organa biljke, nego i međusobnoj kompeticiji generativnih organa. Fenološke varijable bile su značajno korelirane sa nadmorskom visinom, ukazujući na to da kasniji klonovi dolaze izvorno sa viših nadmorskih visina. Kasniji klonovi statistički značajno imaju ramete manjih promjera. Fenološke varijable uglavnom nisu bile značajno korelirane sa reproduktivnim svojstvima, sa izuzetkom IPUP i ZPL. Kod svojstva IPUP, kasniji klonovi, kod kojih je kasnije i nastupio početak otvaranja pupova i receptivnosti cvjetova (PR – ulazak u fenofazu 2) imali su bolje iskorištenje pupova, međutim naknadno slabije zametanje plodova (ZPL)., SummaryWild cherry (Prunus avium L.) is a species of discontinuous range that grows in the mixed forests of southern, central and western Europe. In forestry, long-term breeding programs aim to improve the quality and production of its wood. In Croatia, on the basis of eight phenotypic criteria of wood mass quality, a selection was carried out in the area of ​​three seed regions and 27 wild cherry trees were selected. A clonal seed orchard was established in the area of ​​the Kutina Forestry office in the year 2002. For the purpose of this research, a sample of 24 clones, represented by three ramets each, was selected in the orchard (Table 1). One exemplary branch was selected and marked on each ramet. The full length of the selected branch and all its shoots bearing flowers and fruits was measured. The circumference of the ramet was measured at a height of 50 cm and converted into a diameter. In March of 2013, all generative buds (PUP) were counted on exemplary branches, on each ramet, before opening. In April, flowers (CV) were counted, and on a sample of 20 inflorescences, the number of flowers in inflorescence (BRC). In June, all the fruits on the exemplary branches were counted. The number of buds, flowers or fruits was reduced to 100 cm of branch length for all measured ramets. The variable Bud realisation (IPUP) was calculated for each ramet as the ratio of the actual number of flowers to the potential number of flowers (formula in Material and Methods). Fruit set (ZPL) was calculated as the ratio of flowers to fruits. In the period from April 10 to June 6, 2013, on the same ramets on which the measurements were made, phenological observations of the flowering of wild cherry were carried out (Figure 1). Derived phenological variables are OP - beginning of bud opening (bud burst) – number of days from January 1, 2013 until the day when the ramet entered phenophase 1, PR - beginning of receptivity - number of days until the day when the ramet entered phenophase 2, ZR - end of receptivity - number days until the day when the ramet entered phenophase 6, TR – the difference ZR – PR, i.e. the number of days the ramet spent in phenophases 2 – 6, PVR – the beginning of the peak of receptivity - the number of days until the day when the ramet entered phenophase 3, ZVR - the end of the peak of receptivity - the number of days until the last day that the ramet spent in phenophase 5, TVR - the duration of the peak of receptivity - the difference ZVR - PVR, i.e. the number of days that the ramet spent in phenophases 3 - 5, KR - the amount of receptivity - sum coefficients of female fertility for individual phenophases in which the ramet was found on given observations. The coefficients were calculated based on the table of female fertility percentages from Diaz and Merlo (2008) (Table 2). The results of descriptive statistics for the variables PUP, CV, IPUP, PL and ZPL are shown in Table 3 and Figure 2, together with a graph of the average intraclonal variability coefficients. On the basis of meteorological data for Kutina in 2012 and 2013, the parameters for meeting the needs of plants for winter inactive temperatures (Winter chilling), as well as spring temperatures, necessary for the initiation of juices and the beginning of the vegetation period (Forcing), according to Luedeling et al. 2013, were calculated. (The Chilling Hours Model, The Utah Model for “Winter chilling” and the Growing Degree Hours Model for “Forcing”). Based on geographical coordinates, the altitudes of the original mother trees were determined. The goal of the research was to determine the diversity of some reproductive traits on wild cherry clones from the clonal seed orchard Kutina, to determine the relationship between these traits, the relationship with vegetative growth traits and phenological traits. In doing so, an effort was made to place the observed relationships in the context of data on environmental conditions at the time of flowering and fruiting. From the observed generative variables and bud burst (OP), the clones differed statistically significantly in all variables (CV, BRC, IPUP, ZPL, PL, OP) except for the number of generative buds (PUP) (ANOVA - Table 4). These differences in BRC and CV were caused by differences between clones with extreme values, while most of the other clones did not differ statistically significant from each other (Tukey Kramer test), but the statistical significance of interclonal differences increased by variables from bud stage to final fruiting. The most statistically significant differences between clones were found for the bud burst (OP) (Table 5), where intraclonal diversity was also significant. The weather conditions in 2012 and 2013 were relatively favorable and the plants met their needs (Winterchilling and Forcing). Fruit setting values ​​(ZPL) were in line with other researches or even higher, which indicates a satisfactory reproductive potential of these clones in case of favorable weather conditions, presence of pollinators and timely control of pests. In this research, we found a positive correlation between the initial number of generative buds, and the subsequent number of flowers and, finally, fruits. The initial number of buds was positively correlated with fruit set itself. It was also shown that clones that entered the peak of receptivity earlier (PVR) were more successful in fruiting and fruit setting (Table 6). However, the realisation of buds (IPUP) as a ratio of the actual and potential number of flowers showed the opposite trend, which is not in accordance with the mentioned research, but corresponds to the frequent observation about the mutual competition of not only the vegetative and generative organs of the plant, but also the mutual competition of the generative organs. Phenological variables were significantly correlated with altitude, indicating that the later clones came originally from higher altitudes. Later clones have statistically significantly smaller diameter ramets. Phenological variables were mostly not significantly correlated with reproductive traits, with the exception of IPUP and ZPL. With the IPUP trait, later clones, which had a later onset of bud burst (OP) and flower receptivity (PR – entry into phenophase 2), had better bud realisation, but subsequently weaker fruit set (ZPL).

Rye is a dual-purpose crop, for nutrition but also for bioenergy. The selection of rye is aimed at its improvement as a plant for human and animal consumption, but also it is interesting for bioenergy production as it combines high biomass production with low environmental impact. There is a growing demand for sustainable sources of biomass worldwide. Directions for achieving rye selection for energy purposes include selection to increase biomass yield and corresponding physiological properties. During three years (2019-2021), four rye genotypes were examined. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of genotype (G), year (Y) and their interaction (G×Y) on rye productivity parameters: plant height (PH), spike length (SL), 1000-grain weight (TGW), hectoliter mass (HM), green biomass yield (GBY), biogas yield (BGY) as well as the possibility of using rye as an alternative fuel. Rye is an excellent raw material for the production of healthy food, but also for the production of biofuels. The study discussed the potential use of four high yielding genotypes for biofuel production. Genotype G1 (25.29 t ha-1) had a statistically significantly higher average green biomass yield compared to genotypes G2, G3 and G4 (22.98 t ha-1, 23.56 t ha-1 and 23.76 t ha-1). Significant G×Y interactions demonstrate differences between rye genotypes in response to environmental conditions. Plant height was directly proportional to biomass yield. As one of the targets in breeding programs, to develop taller cultivars as biofuel feedstock. Screening and selection of appropriate rye varieties for each region is critical for optimum results. Raž je usev dvostruke namene, za ishranu i za bioenergiju. Selekcija raži ima za cilj, unapređenje biljke za ishranu ljudi i životinja, ali je interesantna i za proizvodnju bioenergije, jer kombinuje veliku proizvodnju biomase sa malim uticajem na životnu sredinu. Širom sveta postoji rastuća potražnja za održivim izvorima biomase. Pravci kojima se postiže selekcija raži u energetske svrhe obuhvata selekciju na povećanje prinosa biomase i odgovarajućih fizioloških svojstava. U trogodišnjim mikroogledima (2019-2021.) ispitivana su četiri genotipa raži. Cilj ove studije bio je da se ispita uticaj genotipa (G), godine (Y) i njihove interakcije (G×Y) na parametre produktivnosti raži: visinu biljaka (PH), dužinu klasa (SL), masu 1000 semena (TGW), hektolitarsku masu (HM), prinos zelene biomase (GBY), i prinos biogasa (BGY). Raž je odlična sirovina za proizvodnju zdravstveno bezbedne hrane ali i za proizvodnju biogoriva. Studija razmatra potencijalnu upotrebu visokoprinosnih genotipova za proizvodnju biogoriva. Genotip G1 (25.29 t ha-1) imao je statistički značajno veći prosečni prinos zelene biomase u odnosu na genotipove G2, G3 i G4 (22.98 t ha-1, 23.56 t ha-1 i 23.76 t ha-1). Interakcija G × Y pokazuje razliku između genotipova raži, kao odgovor na uslove životne sredine. Korelacija između testiranih parametara bila je značajna, ali ne posebno visoka. Visina biljaka bila je direktno proporcionalna prinosu biomase. Kao jedan od ciljeva u programima oplemenjivanja je da se kao sirovina za biogorivo stvaraju više sorte. Selekcija i odabir odgovarajućih sorti raži za svaki region je od ključnog značaja za postizanje optimalnih rezultata.

U radu je analiziran prinos i kvalitet semena 40 divergentnih genotipova ozime uljane repice tokom četiri vegetacione sezone. Analizirani su prinos semena (PS), ulja (PU) i proteina (PP), masa 1000 semena (MHS), sadržaj ulja (SU) i proteina (SP), sadržaj i sastav masnih kiselina (MK) i tokoferola. Sagledan je uticaj genotipa, spoljne sredine i njihove interakcije na analizirana svojstva. Na variranje srednjih vrednosti prinosa, komponenti prinosa, sadržaja C16:0, C18:0 i C18:3 su najviše uticali faktori spoljne sredine (44‒81% ukupne varijacije). Glavni efekat genotipa je bio preovlađujući (48‒82% ukupne varijacije) za sadržaj C18:1, C18:2 i C22:1, kao i za sadržaj α-tokoferola. Heritabilnost MHS, SU, SP, svih MK izuzev C18:0, kao i α-tokoferola je bila visoka (>74%). Za većinu analiziranih osobina je utvrđena međusobna zavisnost. Veza između PS sa PU i PP je bila jaka pozitivna, dok je veza SU i SP bila jaka negativna. AMMI modelom je ispitana interakcija genotip‒spoljna sredina. Pomoću ovog modela su izdvojeni perspektivni stabilni genotipovi uljane repice, pre svega po PS, PU i SU. Linija NS-L-251 se istakla stabilnošću i visokim SU, dok je sorta Nevena bila najmanje stabilna. Visok stabilan PS su imale NS-L-136 i NS-L-32. Prema parametrima prinosa klaster analizom su izdvojena dva klastera. Na osnovu MK sastava svi genotipovi su grupisani u dva klastera, pri čemu je NS-L-102 zbog značajnih odstupanja, pre svega u sadržaju C18:1 i C22:1, jedini član drugog klastera. Za dalji rad se predlaže pedigre selekcija i primena konvergentnog oplemenjivanja. Preporučuje se poboljšanje sorte Slavica ukrštanjem sa NS-L-251. U cilju stvaranja visokooleinske uljane repice predlaže se ukrštanje NS-L-7 sa sortama Zlatna i Kata. This dissertation provides the analyses of yield and seed quality of 40 divergent winter rapeseed genotypes in four growing seasons. The following features were examined: yield (SY), oil (OY) and protein yield (PY), 1000 seed weight (TSW), oil (OC) and protein content (PC), content and composition of fatty acids (FA) and tocopherols. The effect of genotype, environment and their interaction on the analyzed traits was assessed. The environmental factors had most effect (44‒81% of overall variation) on variation of yield, yield components, and content of C16:0, C18:0 and C18:3. The main effect of the genotype was predominant (48‒82% of overall variation) for C18:1, C18:2 and C22:1, and α-tocopherol content. The heritability of OC and PC, TSW, all FA except C18:0, as well as α-tocopherols was high (>74%). Significant correlations were found for most of the analyzed traits. SY was in strong positive correlation with OY and PY, while OC and PC were in strong negative correlation. AMMI model was applied to examine the G × E interactions. Perspective stable rapeseed genotypes were identified, primarily in terms of SY, OY and OC. The line NS-L-251 stood out for its stability and high OC, while Nevena was the least stable. NS-L-136 and NS-L-32 had a high stable SY. According to the yield parameters, genotypes were separated into two clusters. Based on the FA composition, all genotypes were grouped into two clusters, with NS-L-102 being the only member of the second cluster due to significant deviations, primarily in the content of C18:1 and C22:1. For further work, pedigree selection and convergent breeding are proposed. It is recommended to improve Slavica by crossing it with NS-L-251. In order to create high‒oleic rapeseed, it is proposed to cross NS-L-7 with Zlatna and Kata.

Na području Centralnog uređaja za pročišćavanje otpadnih voda grada Zagreba (CUPOVZ) od 2004. godine provode se ciljana mjerenja imisijskih koncentracija sumporovodika (H2S), amonijaka (NH3) i ukupnih merkaptana (R−SH). U ovom radu prikazani su rezultati mjerenja provedenih tijekom 2017. godine na dvije mjerne postaje: Biologija-sjever i Biologija-jug, koje su smještene u krugu CUPOVZ-a. 24-satni uzorci H2S, NH3 i R−SH sakupljani su po mjesec dana u svakom godišnjem dobu. Koncentracije H2S, NH3 i R−SH na obje mjerne postaje pokazuju statistički značajnu sezonsku ovisnost (p < 0,05). Promatrajući sva mjerna razdoblja zajedno, pronađene su visoke pozitivne korelacije između svih onečišćujućih tvari i temperature te negativne s tlakom. Ovo djelo je dano na korištenje pod licencom Creative Commons Imenovanje 4.0 međunarodna., Since 2004, continuous measurements of hydrogen sulphide (H2S), ammonia (NH3), and mercaptan (R−SH) levels in air have been monitored in the area of the Central wastewater treatment plant Zagreb (CUPOVZ). At two measuring sites within the CUPOVZ area, Biology-north and Biology-south, for a month in every season in 2017, twenty-four hour samples of H2S, NH3, and R−SH were collected. Measured concentrations of gaseous pollutants showed statistically significant seasonal variations (p < 0.05) at both measuring stations. For the overall period, high positive correlations were found between all pollutants and temperature, and negative with pressure. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Istraživanje je imalo za cilj odrediti dužinsko-masene odnose i kondiciju mlađi gofa (Seriola dumerili) iz uzgajališta Mala Lamjana - Cromaris d.d.. Tijekom rujna i listopada 2019. te ožujka 2020. godine provedeno je uzorkovanje i mjerenje osnovnih morfometrijskih značajki: totalna dužina (TL), masa (W), dužina do vilice (FL), visina tijela i indeks kondicije (CF) mlađi ribe gofa (Seriola dumerili). Regresijskom analizom su izračunati dužinsko – maseni odnosi ribe te je izračunat Fultonov faktor kondicije. U rujnu 2019. i ožujku 2020. godine utvrđen je negativan alometrijski rast (b=2,479; b=2,221), dok je u listopadu 2019. zabilježen pozitivan alometrijski rast (b=3,429) jedinki. Indeks kondicije tijekom rujna je iznosio CF=1,20, a tijekom listopada CF=1,21. U ožujku je kondicija riba bila nešto nižih vrijednosti (CF=1,12). Provedena mjerenja i analize dobivenih rezultata ovog istraživanja indiciraju negativni alometrijski rast mlađi gofa u uzgoju tj. jedinke su napredovale više u dužini nego na masi. Usporedbom rezultata provedenog istraživanja s dostupnom literaturom, indeks kondicije jedinki u uzgoju ukazuje na niže vrijednosti u odnosu na divlje populacije gofova istih kategorija. The aim of this research was to determine length- weight relationship and condition of greater amberjack juveniles (Seriola dumerili) at the Mala Lamjana fish farm of the company Cromaris d.d. During September and October 2019 and March 2020, sampling and measurement of basic morphometric characteristics: total length (TL), weight (W), fork length (FL), body height and condition factor (CF) of greater amberjack juveniles (Seriola dumerili). The regression analysis was used to calculate the length-weight relationship of the fish as well as Fulton's condition factor. Negative allometric growth (b = 2.479; b = 2.221) was determined in September 2019 and March 2020, while positive allometric growth (b = 3.429) was recorded in October 2019. The condition factor in September was CF = 1.20 and in October CF = 1.21. In March the condition factor was slightly lower CF = 1.12. Performed measurements and analyses of the obtained results of this research indicate negative allometric growth of greater amberjack juveniles in breeding, meaning that individual fish improve more in length than they gain in weight. By comparing the results of this research with published papers, the condition factor in bred fish shows lower values compared to wild populations of greater amberjacks of the same category.

U ovoj doktorskoj disertaciji predstavljena je radiološka i strukturna karakterizacija građevinskih materijala koji se mogu naći u upotrebi u Srbiji. Izvršena je radiološka karakterizaicija ukupno 348 uzoraka: granita, fosfogipsa, sirovina u keramičkoj industriji, keramičkih pločica, betona, opeke, maltera, siporeksa, crepa i drugihgrađevinskih materijala opšte upotrebe. Radiološka karakterizacija je sprovedena merenjem koncentracija aktivnosti 226 Ra,232 Th i 40 K metodom gama spektrometrije, kao i ekshalacije radona iz selektovanih građevinskih materijala korišćenjem aktivnih uređaja RAD7, RTM 1688-2, AlphaGUard i AlphaE. Korišćenjem Monte Karlo simulacija izvršena je procena jačina apsorbovanih dozagama zračenja, uočena su odstupanja od teorijski procenjenih vrednosti i dati predlozi za korekciju. Izvršena je procena radijacionog rizika od korišćenja analiziranih građevinskih materijala u enterijeru, kao i za profesionalna lica pri radu sa sirovinskim materijalima. Ispitivane su mogućnosti upotrebe fosfogipsa kao NORM materijala u proizvodnji gips-karton ploča i opeke uz procenu radijacionog rizika od upotrebe. Napravljeno je 8 uzoraka opeke sa različitim udelog fosfogipsa i izvršena jeradiološka i strukturna karakterizacija dobijenih materijala. Ispitivane su varijacije koeficijenata emanacije radona iz građevinskih materijala tokom vremena, kao i uticaj efekata curenja i povratne difuzije koji dovode do tih varijacija. Ispitivan je takođe i uticaj strukture materijala u smislu mineraloškog i hemijskog satava i poroznosti na vrednosti koeficijenta emanacije radona. Meneraloška karakterizacija uzoraka izvršena je metodom rendgenske strukturne analize (XRD), a hemijska metodom rendgenske fluorescentne analize (XRF). Merenje ukupne efektivne poroznosti izvršeno je metodama apsorpcije vode i metodom živine porozimetrije. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata uspostavljene su značajne korelacije između pojedinih radioloških i strukturnih parametara za analizirane uzorke građevinskih materijala., In this doctoral dissertation, the results of the radiological and structural characterization of building materials used in Serbia were presented. Radiological characterization of a total of 348 samples was performed, including granite, phosphogypsum, raw materials in the ceramic industry, ceramic tiles, concrete, brick, mortar, siporex, tiles, and other materials frequently used as building materials.Radiological characterization was performed by measuring activity concentrations of 226 Ra,232 Th, and 40 K by gamma spectrometry method, as well as radon exhalation from selected building materials using active devices RAD7, RTM 1688-2, AlphaGuard and AlphaE.Using Monte Carlo simulations, the absorbed gamma dose rates were estimated. Furthermore, the deviations from the theoretically estimated absorbed dose rates were observed, and suggestions for correction were given. An assessment of the radiation risk from the use of analyzed building materials in the interior, as well as for occupational workers working with raw materials was conducted.The possibilities of using phosphogypsum as a NORM material in the production of gypsum plasterboard and bricks were investigated, with an assessment of the radiation risk due to use of phosphogypsum as a component in the building materials. 8 samples of bricks with different proportions of phosphogypsum were made and radiological and structural characterization of the obtained materials was performed. Variations of radon emanation coefficients from building materials over time, as well as the influence of leakage and back diffusion effects leading to these variations, were investigated. The influence of the structure of the material in terms of mineral and chemical composition and porosity on the values of the radon emanation coefficient was also investigated. The mineralogical characterization of the samples was performed by the method of X-ray structural analysis (XRD), and the chemical characterization by the method of X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF). The measurement of total effective porosity was performed by water absorption methods and mercury porosimetry method. Based on the obtained results, significant correlations were establishedbetween individual radiological and structural parameters for the analyzed samples of construction materials.

U ovoj doktorskoj disertaciji predstavljena je radiološka i strukturna karakterizacija građevinskih materijala koji se mogu naći u upotrebi u Srbiji. Izvršena je radiološka karakterizaicija ukupno 348 uzoraka: granita, fosfogipsa, sirovina u keramičkoj industriji, keramičkih pločica, betona, opeke, maltera, siporeksa, crepa i drugihgrađevinskih materijala opšte upotrebe. Radiološka karakterizacija je sprovedena merenjem koncentracija aktivnosti 226 Ra,232 Th i 40 K metodom gama spektrometrije, kao i ekshalacije radona iz selektovanih građevinskih materijala korišćenjem aktivnih uređaja RAD7, RTM 1688-2, AlphaGUard i AlphaE. Korišćenjem Monte Karlo simulacija izvršena je procena jačina apsorbovanih dozagama zračenja, uočena su odstupanja od teorijski procenjenih vrednosti i dati predlozi za korekciju. Izvršena je procena radijacionog rizika od korišćenja analiziranih građevinskih materijala u enterijeru, kao i za profesionalna lica pri radu sa sirovinskim materijalima. Ispitivane su mogućnosti upotrebe fosfogipsa kao NORM materijala u proizvodnji gips-karton ploča i opeke uz procenu radijacionog rizika od upotrebe. Napravljeno je 8 uzoraka opeke sa različitim udelog fosfogipsa i izvršena jeradiološka i strukturna karakterizacija dobijenih materijala. Ispitivane su varijacije koeficijenata emanacije radona iz građevinskih materijala tokom vremena, kao i uticaj efekata curenja i povratne difuzije koji dovode do tih varijacija. Ispitivan je takođe i uticaj strukture materijala u smislu mineraloškog i hemijskog satava i poroznosti na vrednosti koeficijenta emanacije radona. Meneraloška karakterizacija uzoraka izvršena je metodom rendgenske strukturne analize (XRD), a hemijska metodom rendgenske fluorescentne analize (XRF). Merenje ukupne efektivne poroznosti izvršeno je metodama apsorpcije vode i metodom živine porozimetrije. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata uspostavljene su značajne korelacije između pojedinih radioloških i strukturnih parametara za analizirane uzorke građevinskih materijala., In this doctoral dissertation, the results of the radiological and structural characterization of building materials used in Serbia were presented. Radiological characterization of a total of 348 samples was performed, including granite, phosphogypsum, raw materials in the ceramic industry, ceramic tiles, concrete, brick, mortar, siporex, tiles, and other materials frequently used as building materials.Radiological characterization was performed by measuring activity concentrations of 226 Ra,232 Th, and 40 K by gamma spectrometry method, as well as radon exhalation from selected building materials using active devices RAD7, RTM 1688-2, AlphaGuard and AlphaE.Using Monte Carlo simulations, the absorbed gamma dose rates were estimated. Furthermore, the deviations from the theoretically estimated absorbed dose rates were observed, and suggestions for correction were given. An assessment of the radiation risk from the use of analyzed building materials in the interior, as well as for occupational workers working with raw materials was conducted.The possibilities of using phosphogypsum as a NORM material in the production of gypsum plasterboard and bricks were investigated, with an assessment of the radiation risk due to use of phosphogypsum as a component in the building materials. 8 samples of bricks with different proportions of phosphogypsum were made and radiological and structural characterization of the obtained materials was performed. Variations of radon emanation coefficients from building materials over time, as well as the influence of leakage and back diffusion effects leading to these variations, were investigated. The influence of the structure of the material in terms of mineral and chemical composition and porosity on the values of the radon emanation coefficient was also investigated. The mineralogical characterization of the samples was performed by the method of X-ray structural analysis (XRD), and the chemical characterization by the method of X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF). The measurement of total effective porosity was performed by water absorption methods and mercury porosimetry method. Based on the obtained results, significant correlations were establishedbetween individual radiological and structural parameters for the analyzed samples of construction materials.

Introduction/Objective The evaluation of sagittal jaw relationship is crucial in orthodontic diagnostics, orthodontic treatment planning, and monitoring of its results. A large number of parameters have been established for their assessment. The aim of this study was to determine the significance of the correlation between the indicators of sagittal jaw relationship, ANB, AOBO, AFBF, NAPg, and OJ, one with another, and with indicators of the sagittal position of the jaws, SNA and SNB, in children with skeletal class III malocclusion. Methods A total of 100 children with mixed dentition, of both genders, based on the profile cephalometric analysis, were divided into two equal groups: group 1 (test group) - children with skeletal class III (n = 50), group 2 (control group) - children with skeletal class I (n = 50). Results In children with skeletal class III malocclusion, significant correlations were found among the indicators of sagittal jaw relationships ANB, AOBO, AFBF, NAPg, OJ, mutually, except between AOBO and AFBF. Significant correlations of these parameters were also found with the SNB angle, but not with the SNA angle. Conclusion Confirmed significant correlation between tested indicators in the sagittal jaw relation indicates that, if we find skeletal jaw relationship class III, or just a simple reversed incisors overbite in children in routine application of any of the above mentioned parameters in everyday work, it should be indubitably checked and monitored using a larger number of parameters, especially those that define the sagittal position of the mandible., Uvod/Cilj Procena sagitalnih međuviličnih odnosa od ključnog je značaja u ortodontskoj dijagnostici, planiranju ortodontskog lečenja i praćenju njegovih rezultata. Za njihovu procenu ustanovljen je veliki broj parametara. Cilj ovog rada bio je da utvrdi značajnost korelacija između pokazatelja sagitalnih međuviličnih odnosa, ANB, AOBO, AFBF, NAPg i OJ, međusobno i sa pokazateljima sagitalnog položaja vilica, SNA i SNB, kod dece sa malokluzijom III skeletne klase. Metode Ukupno 100 dece sa mešovitom denticijom, oba pola, selekcionisano je na osnovu kefalometrijskih analiza profilnih telerendgenskih snimaka na dve jednake grupe: grupa 1 (ispitna grupa) - deca sa malokluzijom III skeletne klase (n = 50), grupa 2 (kontrolna grupa) - deca sa I skeletnom klasom (n = 50). Rezultati Kod dece sa malokluzijom III skeletne klase utvrđene su značajne korelacije između svih ispitivanih pokazatelja sagitalnih međuviličnih odnosa (ANB, AOBO, AFBF, NAPg, OJ), osim između AOBO i AFBF. Značajne korelacije ovih parametara ostvarene su, takođe, i sa uglom SNB, dok sa uglom SNA nisu. Zaključak Utvrđena značajna korelacija između ispitivanih pokazatelja sagitalnih međuviličnih odnosa ukazuje da ukoliko se u svakodnevnom radu rutinskom primenom bilo kog od pomenutih parametara kod dece utvrdi skeletni međuvilični odnos III klase ili samo jednostavan obrnut preklop sekutića, treba ga obavezno proveriti i pratiti primenom većeg broja parametara, posebno onih koji definišu sagitalni položaj mandibule.

Fuzarijski palež klasa (FHB) je jedna od najdestruktivnijih gljivičnih bolesti pšenice diljem svijeta. Bolest uzrokuje smanjenje uroda zrna te negativno utječe na svojstva kvalitete. Fusarium vrste proizvode i mikotoksine koji su štetni za zdravlje ljudi i životinja, a najzastupljeniji su deoksinivalenol (DON) i zearalenon (ZEN). Najučinkovitija metoda u borbi protiv FHB je stvaranje otpornih genotipova. Dialelnom analizom dobivamo informacije o općim i specifičnim kombinacijskim sposobnostima pojedinih roditelja kao i informaciju o prirodi djelovanja gena na testirano svojstvo. Cilj ovoga istraživanja je bio kroz dialelno križanje procijeniti heritabilnost te opće (GCA) i specifične (SCA) kombinacijske sposobnosti odabranih roditelja na FHB, a kod F1 križanaca utvrditi heterozis u odnosu na prosjek roditelja (MPH) te u odnosu na boljeg roditelja (BPH). Između testiranih svojstava cilj je bio odrediti korelacije, dok se sjetvom kontrolnog pokusa bez umjetne inokulacije željelo utvrditi smanjenje vrijednosti agronomskih svojstva nastalih uslijed umjetne inokulacije. U istraživanje je bilo uključeno osam homozigotnih roditelja koji se razlikuju u otpornosti na FHB i njihovih 28 F1 potomstava proizvedenih prema shemi dialelnog križanja bez reciproka. Istraživanje se provodilo na lokaciji Botinec tijekom tri uzastopne godine u dva odvojena pokusa od kojih je jedan bio u uvjetima umjetne inokulacije gljivom vrste F. graminearum, a drugi u uvjetima prirodne infekcije gljivama iz roda Fusarium (kontrola). Za procjenu otpornosti genotipova na FHB koristili smo ocjenu intenziteta zaraze klasa (VRI) i intenziteta zaraze zrna (FDK). Također, praćena su agronomska svojstva u oba pokusa, a na uzorcima iz umjetne inokulacije određen je sadržaj mikotoksina, DON-a i ZEN-a. Analizom varijance za umjetnu inokulaciju utvrđen je signifikantan učinak genotipa za svojstva vezana za otpornost na FHB kao što su VRI, FDK, sadržaj DON-a i sadržaj ZEN-a, što upućuje na veliku genetsku varijabilnost testiranih genotipova za navedena svojstva. Utvrđeni su signifikantni GCA i SCA učinci za sva svojstva povezana s otpornosti genotipova. Signifikantan GCA ukazuje na važnost aditivnog učinka gena u kontroli otpornosti na FHB, dok signifikantan SCA ukazuje na postojanje dominacijskog ili epistatičnog učinka gena kod pojedinih kombinacija križanja. Visoke negativne vrijednosti za GCA za svojstva povezana s otpornosti na FHB kod pojedinih roditelja ih čine perspektivnim za kombinacijska križanja provedena s ciljem poboljšanja otpornosti na FHB. Aditivna komponenta varijance je u oba tipa infekcije za sva svojstva bila znatno viša u odnosu na dominacijsku varijancu pa se može očekivati da se izborom otpornih roditelja može osigurati dobra otpornost na FHB. Negativni MPH za VRI u umjetnoj inokulaciji utvrđen je kod 22 od 28 križanaca, a negativni BPH kod 6 križanaca. Za FDK negativni MPH zabilježen je kod svih 28 križanaca, a negativni BPH kod 15 križanaca. Negativni MPH za sadržaj DON-a je utvrđen kod 26 od 28 križanaca, a negativni BPH kod 6 križanaca, dok je negativni MPH za sadržaj ZEN-a utvrđen kod 26 od 28 križanaca, a negativni BPH kod 10 križanaca. Utvrđeni negativni heterotični učinci daju perspektivu za povećanje otpornosti na FHB putem klasičnog oplemenjivanja pšenice stvaranjem novih sorata, a svakako u oplemenjivanju hibridne pšenice. Visoke pozitivne korelacije u uvjetima umjetne inokulacije u provedenom istraživanju utvrđene su između svih svojstava povezanih s otpornosti na FHB. Visoke negativne korelacije u uvjetima umjetne inokulacije utvrđene su između svojstava vezanih za otpornost na FHB i uroda zrna te komponenti uroda zrna kao što su masa 1000 zrna, hektolitarska masa i masa zrna po klasu. Također, u provedenom istraživanju utvrđene su vrlo visoke negativne korelacije između visine genotipova i svojstava povezanih s otpornosti FHB, što upućuje na veću otpornost viših genotipova. Utvrđeno je prosječno smanjenje uroda od 27,2% u uvjetima umjetne inokulacije u odnosu na prirodne uvjete, dok je smanjenje mase 1000 zrna iznosilo 10,9%, mase zrna po klasu 22,4%, hektolitarske mase 10,5%, te broja zrna po klasu 13,5%. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important crops in the world. Wheat diseases are a major problem in the production of this cereal, among which fungal diseases cause the greatest damage. Fungi of the genus Fusarium are one of the most common wheat pathogens, which can infect various plant organs, but most commonly they infect the spike. The Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) is one of the most destructive fungal diseases of wheat all over the world, which reduces grain yield through increased flower sterility and poor grain filling and negatively affects the quality properties. In addition, Fusarium species produce mycotoxins which can be harmful for human and animal health, of which the most widespread are deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN). Agricultural management practices such as crop rotation, soil tillage and fungicide application are only partially effective in preventing this disease. The most effective method against FHB is to create resistant genotypes. Diallel analysis provides information about general and specific combining abilities of individual parents as well as information on the nature of gene effects for tested traits. The aim of this study was to evaluate the general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining abilities for visual scores of FHB symptoms as well as for DON and ZEN content, to determine heterosis in F1 crosses and to estimate variance components and heritability for these traits, to determine correlations among traits and to estimate the decrease in the value of agronomic traits in the studied genotypes due to artificial infection. Eight homozygous parents, differing in their resistance to FHB, and their 28 F1 crosses, produced according to the diallel mating design without reciprocals, were included in the study. Field trials were carried out in the breeding nursery of the Bc Institute for Breeding and Production of Field Crops Zagreb at the location Botinec, Croatia during three consecutive years. The trials were conducted each year under artificial inoculation with the fungus F. graminearum and under natural infection (control). For assessing visual symptoms of FHB under artificial and natural infection the percentage of infected spikelets (visual rating index, VRI) and percentage of Fusarium damaged kernels (FDK) were used. In addition, morphological and agronomic traits such as number of days to flowering, plant height, grain yield per plot, 1000 kernel weight, number of grains per spike, grain weight per spike as well as the protein content of the grain were determined. Quantitative analysis of the mycotoxin content by the HPLC-MS/MS multi-analytical method in the infected wheat grain was carried out on samples taken from artificially inoculated trials. Diallel analysis using Griffing approach Method 2 was performed to estimate general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining ability effects as well as variance components and heritability of visual symptoms of FHB as well as DON and ZEN content. For all analyzed traits, mid-parent heterosis (MPH) as well as better parent heterosis (BPH) were determined. The correlation among traits under both natural and artificial infections was estimated by computing phenotypic and genetic correlations. Relative efficiency of selection conducted under artificial vs. natural infection to improve resistance to FHB was calculated on the basis of estimated heritability of resistance ratings and genetic correlations between the resistance ratings under artificial and natural infection. Analysis of variance for artificial inoculation showed significant effect of genotype for VRI, FDK, DON content, and ZEN content, significant year effect for FDK, DON content and ZEN content and significant genotype × year interaction for FDK. Diallel analysis revealed significant GCA and SCA effects for all traits associated with the resistance of genotypes to FHB under artificial infection, where as under natural infection significant effect was found only for GCA. Significant GCA points to the importance of the additive gene effects in the control of FHB resistance, while significant SCA indicates the existence of a dominant or epistatic gene effects in some cross-combinations. The additive variance component in the present study was in both types of infections for all traits substantially higher than the dominant variance component. Therefore, it can be expected that the choice of resistant parents can provide an efficient response to selection. High negative GCA values for FHB-resistance associated traits in individual parental lines make them desirable parents in future cross-combinations within the breeding programs aimed at improving FHB resistance. The results of the present study revealed negative MPH for VRI in artificial inoculation in 22 and negative BPH in 6 out of 28 crosses. For FDK, negative MPH was found in all 28 crosses and negative BPH in 15 crosses. Negative MPH for DON content was determined in 26 and negative BPH in 6 crosses while negative MPH for ZEN content was determined in 26 and negative BPH in 10 crosses. Negative heterotic effects, determined both in relation to mid-parent and better parent, provide a perspective for classical wheat breeding by creating resistant line varieties, especiaslly in hybrid wheat breeding. Under artificial inoculation high positive correlations were observed among all traits associated with resistance to FHB (VRI, FDK, DON content and ZEN content). Therefore, by monitoring the visual symptoms of the disease in the spike, as fast and inexpensive method, it would be possible to predict the degree of grain contamination as well as the content of mycotoxins. High negative correlations under artificial inoculation were observed between the visual FHB simptoms and both grain yield and its components, such as grain number per spike, 1000 kernel weight, grain weight per spike and test weight. The present study also revealed a high negative correlations between plant height and traits associated with FHB resistance, indicating that taller genotypes are more resistant to the disease. High negative correlations between the traits related to visual symptoms of FHB and grain yield and its components indicated the importance of genotypic resistance to FHB to maintain the yield stability in environments favorable for the development of FHB. In the present study a reduction of grain yield and its components was observed under artificial inoculation relative to the natural infection. As an average over 36 genotypes a relative reduction of 27,2%, 10,9%, 22,4%, 10,5% and 13,5% was observed for grain yield, 1000 kernel weight, grain weight per spike, test weight and the number of grains per spike, respectively. The estimates of heritability for visual FHB symptoms (VRI and FDK), as an important component affecting the relative efficiency of indirect vs. direct selection, were in all three experimental years considerably higher under artificial inoculation than under natural infection. The efficiency of indirect selection under artificial inoculation was higher than efficiency of direct selection under natural infection in all three experimental years for VRI but only in one year for FDK as the consequence of differences in natural disease incidences among years.

This doctoral thesis is in the field of nonequilibrium quantum physics. Using nonperturbative methods for the computation of the dynamics of many body quantum systems, both systems on lattices and quantum field theories, we address several open questions. We study the applicability in lattice systems with local interaction of the Out-of-time-ordered correlation functions, a recently proposed measure of many-body quantum chaos. We propose a more suitable measure of chaos for these systems and prove a bound on its growth. We study its dynamics in the kicked quantum Ising model. Based on Truncated conformal space approach, we develop a methodology for the computation of time-dependent multi-point correlation functions in interacting (1+1)D quantum field theories. We use it to study correlations and the nonGaussianity of the quantum sine-Gordon model and thus provide theory for experiments with ultra-cold atoms in the atom chip. We discover a new effect in quantum field theory of correlations propagating outside the causal horizon. We prove the effect analytically using the bosonisation and interpret it as a field theoretical version of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen entanglement due to topological excitations. We study boundary driven quantum field theory and demonstrate that the sine-Gordon model admits ballistic transport of the topological charge. Ta doktorska disertacija spada na področje neravnovesne kvantne fizike. S pomočjo neperturbativnih metod za izračun dinamike mnogodelčnih kvantnih sistemov, tako teorij na mreži kot kvantnih teorij polja, naslavljamo nekaj odprtih vprašanj. Analiziramo uporabnost Časovno neurejenih korelacijskih funkcij, pred kratkim prodlagane mere za mnogodelčni kvantni kaos, za sisteme na mreži z lokalno interakcijo. Predlagamo bolj primerno mero za kaos v teh sistemih in dokažemo zgornjo mejo za hitrost njenega naraščanja. Njeno dinamiko preučujemo na primeru neravnovesnega kvantnega isingovega modela. Na osnovi Metode pristriženega konformnega Hilbertovega prostora razvijemo metodologijo za izračun časovno odvisnih večtočkovnih korelacijskih funkcij v sklopljenih (1+1)D kvantnih teorijah polja. Uporabimo jih za študijo korelacij in neGavssovskosti v kvantnem sine-Gordonovem modelu in s tem tudi prispevamo teorijo za razlago eksperimentov z ultrahladnimi atomi v atomskem čipu. Odkrijemo nov efekt v kvantni teoriji polja, pri katerem se korelacijske funkcije širijo izven kavzalnega stožca. Efekt dokažemo analitično s pomočjo bozonizacije in ga interpretiramo kot Einstein-Podolski-Rosenovo prepletenost topoloških vzbuditev v teorijah polja. Konstruiramo tudi robno gnane kvantne teorije polja in pokažemo, da ima sine-Gordonov model balističen transport topološkega naboja.

Iz potrebe za podacima o društvenim mrežama javila se potreba za generatorima sintetičkih društvenih grafova. Zatim se zahtjev proširio na sintetičke proširene društvene grafove kako bi se dobili podaci što sličniji stvarnima. U ovom radu se izgradio jedan takav generator. Prilikom izgradnje trebalo je donijeti nekoliko strukturnih i puno manjih odluka kako bi nastao konačni rezultat. Iako je generator završen postoji još puno prostora za nadogradnju ili izmjenu. Trenutno rješenje se ne može jednostavno ocijeniti jer ne postoje jednostavni parametri koji bi ga mogli ocijeniti. Bez obzira na to, rad se smatra uspješnim jer je ostvario zadani cilj i napravio je nešto što do sada nije bilo napravljeno, tako da je potpomogao razvoju novih rješenja. From the need of social networking data, occurred a need for generators of synthetic social graphs. Then, the request has been extended to synthetic expanded social graphs to get information that is more similar to real data. In this work, one such generator was built. While constructing it, it was necessary to make several structural and many smaller decisions to get the final result. Although the generator has been completed, there is still plenty of room for upgrading and modification. Present solution can not be easily rated because there are no simple parameters that could be used to rate it. Regardless of that, work is considered successful because it achieved given goal and it made something that has not been done before, so it can help to develop new solutions.

Prevashodni cilj istraţivanja u disertaciji bio je sakupljanje genetiĉkih resursa maĉijeg repa (Phleum pratense L.), karakterizacija sakupljene germplazme po agronomskim i biološkim svojstvima i ocena vrednosti sakupljenih populacija maĉijeg repa sa razliĉitih lokaliteta iz Zapadne Srbije u odnosu na već priznatu sortu K-41. Na osnovu analize varijanse evidentno je da su genotip i godina imali statistiĉki znaĉajan uticaj na prinos semena po biljci kod sorte i ispitivanih populacija Phleum pratense L. Genotip autohtonih populacija maĉijeg repa sa najvećim proseĉnim prinosom semena po biljci maĉijeg repa u 2009. i u 2010. godini bio je 20/Carina (0,0293 g i 0,0395 g). U 2010. godini ispitivane autohtone populacije maĉijeg repa imale su veći prinos semena po biljci, za 0,0102 g odnosno za 34,81 % u odnosu na 2009. godinu. Sorta K-41 imala je zadovoljavajući prinos i kvalitet zrna. Analizirajući većinu ispitivanih osobina autohtonih populacija Phleum pratense L. evidentna je meĊusobno pozitivna veza, osim posmatrane osobine BEM (bezazotne materije) koja je u negativnoj korelaciji sa svim osobina izuzev visine biljaka. Jake pozitivne korelacije uoĉene su izmeĊu osobina 1-2 (VB-DL), 1-3 (VB - ŠL); 1-4 (VB-PL),1-13 (VB-RBIO), 2-3-4 (DL-ŠL-PL), 2-13 (DL- RBIO); 3-4-5 (ŠL-PL-BL), 6-7 (DM- BS/M), 6-12 (DM- VPC), 7-8-9-11-12 (BS/M- MHS- BI/B- VPC- DC), 10-11-12 (VPM– VPC- DC); 14-15 (PSM/B– PSM/B). Uoĉava se da osobine: 1-VB-visina biljaka, 2-DL-duţina lista i 3-PL-površina lista imaju najveći selekcioni znaĉaj, jer su najjaĉe povezane sa drugim osobinama Phleum pratense L. Selekcijom ovih osobina će se postići povećanje vrednosti drugih osobina. Negativne korelacije uoĉene su izmeĊu 6-8, 6-9, 13-16, 14-16, 15-16, odnosno (6-DM-duţine metlice i 8-MHS- mase 1000 semena); (6-DM-duţine metlice i 9-BI/B-broja izdanaka po biljci) (13- RB-regeneracije biljaka i 16- MSMI- mase suve materije izdanaka)Rezultati ove disertacije su znaĉanjni i iz razloga što su se identifikovali superiorni genotipovi sa dobrim osobinama u datim ekološkim uslovima i visokim prinosima po jedinici površine, dobrog kvaliteta suve materije. Kao dobra osnova za dalji oplemenjivaĉki rad pokazale su se sledeće populacije: 2, 16, 19 i 20. Ovi genotipovi mogu da budu donori pojedinih gena za pojedine osobine i od njih se mogu proizvesti kvalitetnije hibridne kombinacije. The primary goal of research in this thesis was to collect genetic resources thimoty grass (Phleum pratense L.), characterization of the collected germplasm agronomic and biological properties and evaluation of the value of the collected population thimoty grass in the various regions of West Serbia in relation to the already recognized variety K-41. Based on the variance analysis, it is evident that the genotype and year had a statistically significant influence on seed yield per plant in the examined populations of Phleum pratense L. Genotype of autochthon thimoty grass populations with the highest average seed yield per plant in 2009 and in 2010 it was 20 / Carina (0.0293 g and 0.0395 g). In 2010, the test of autochthon thimoty grass had higher seed yield per plant, for 0.0102 g respectively to 34.81% in relation to 2009. The K-41 variety had the crude protein content higher than all tested populations. Analyzing most of the investigated properties of autochthon populations of Phleum pratense L., there is evidently a positive relationship, with the exception of the observed properties of BEM (harmless matter), which is in a negative correlation with all the properties except the height of the plants. Strong positive correlations were observed between properties 1-2, 1-3,1-4,1-13,2-3-4, 2-13, 3-4-5, 6-7, 6-12,7-8 -9-11-12,10-11-12,14-15. It is noted that 1- plant height, 2- length of leaves, 3- leaf surface has the highest selection importance, because it is most strongly associated with other properties of Phleum pratense L. By selecting these properties, an increase in the value of other properties is achieved. Negative correlations were observed between 6-8, 6-9, 13-16, 14-16, 15-16, respectively (6- panicle length and 8- average weight 1000 seeds); (6- panicle length and 9- number of plants per plant) (13- regeneration and 16- average weight of dry matter). The results of this dissertation are important because they have identified superior genotypes with good properties in given ecological conditions, and high yields of good quality of dry matter. The results of this dissertation are important because they have identified superior genotypes with good properties in given ecological conditions, and high yields of good quality of dry matter. Populations 2, 16, 19 and 20 proved to be a good basis for further breeding work. These genotypes can be donors of certain genes for individual traits and they can produce better hybrid combinations.

Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je analizirati sadržaj proteinske frakcije mlijeka, s posebnim naglaskom na protein sirutke, ovisno o sustavu hranidbe krava (grupa 1 - ekstenzivni, 2 - djelomično intenzivni, 3 - intenzivni) kao i sezoni laktacije (proljeće-ljeto i jesen-zima). Kemijske analize krmiva bile su temelj za izračun dostatnosti energije i proteina u dnevnom unosu nutrijenata. Ukupno je ispitano 1133 uzorka mlijeka (550 zimi i 583 ljeti), a određivani su ukupan broj somatskih stanica (SCC), osnovni kemijski sastav, te udjeli kazeina i proteina sirutke - α-laktalbumin, β-laktoglobulin, albumin krvnog seruma (BSA), laktoferin i lizozim. Viši udio ukupnih proteina, uključujući kazein, utvrđen je u mlijeku krava s farmi s djelomično intenzivnim i intenzivnim sustavom hranidbe. Međutim, neovisno o sezoni laktacije, najveće koncentracije proteina sirutke utvrđene su u mlijeku krava svrstanih u grupu 1, čija se hranidba temeljila na kontinuiranoj ispaši (ljeti - ispaša i sijeno; zimi - sijeno i silaža). Porastom udjela silaže i industrijskih krmiva u hranidbi, udjel proteina sirutke (prije svega β-laktoglobulina i laktoferina) je padao, što je potvrđeno i dobivenim negativnim koeficijentima korelacije., The objective of the present research was to analyse the protein fraction content in milk, with particular regard to whey proteins, in dependence on the cows’ feeding system (group 1 - extensive, 2 - semi-intensive, 3 - intensive) and production season (spring-summer and autumn-winter). Chemical analysis of the fodder was the base for calculation of energy and protein coverage of nutritional dose. A total of 1,133 milk samples were evaluated (550 in winter and 583 in summer). The milk samples were examined for the somatic cell count (SCC), the basic chemical composition, casein and whey proteins: α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin, bovine serum albumin (BSA), lactoferrin and lysozyme. Higher content of crude protein, including casein, was noticed in milk obtained from cows coming from semi-intensive and intensive farms. However, milk taken from cows fed according to the group 1, which was based on fodder from permanent grasslands, had the highest concentration of major whey proteins - both in the summer (pasture and hay) and winter (hay and haylage) seasons. With the increase of silage and industrial fodder in the feed ration, the content of whey proteins - mainly β-lactoglobulin and lactoferrin - decreased, which was confirmed by the obtained negative correlation coefficients.