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日本の建設史において最難関の建設プロジェクトの代表的事例と言われるもののなかに戦前の黒部川第三発電所建設と戦後の黒部川第四発電所建設のプロジェクトがある。この2つのプロジェクトにかかわった関係者(ステークホルダー)の振舞を描き,小説化したのが吉村昭(1975)「高熱隧道」と木本正次(1992)「黒部の太陽」である。これら二つの建設プロジェクトでは特にトンネル工事で困難を極め,多数の犠牲者も出している。本稿は作家の目を通じて,これら二つの戦前戦後の大規模建設プロジェクトにおけるリスクマネジメントの特徴を比較考察する。, Kurobe River Hydropower Plant No.3 Construction Project and Kurobe River Hydropower Plant No.4 Project are included in the most difficult construction projects in Japanese modern history. The former was implemented during war and the latter was in past-war era of economic boom. Akira Yoshimura (1975) and Shoji Kimoto (1992) depicted the projects in their business novels, respectively. The paper focuses on the behavior of stakeholders in the projects from the view point of risk management in project management.

Problem solving in planning and development projects is a complicated process because people with diverse abilities and values gather to form project teams. To finish this within the deadline, it is important to design the problem-solving process appropriately and draw up a realistic execution plan. Therefore, the first issue is to develop an effective model for designing a cooperative problem-solving process by diverse human resources. The second issue is to utilize many problemsolving methods that have been proposed so far as design patterns. In this paper, to solve these two issues, we devised a conversation for problem-solving (CfPS) that applies the language/action perspective, and proposed a problem-solving map created by recursively connecting CfPS. Next, various problem-solving methods were modeled with a problem-solving map, and problem-solving patterns were proposed. Furthermore, we proposed a cooperative problem-solving process design method using problem-solving patterns. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed methods was confirmed by a case study.

博士論文要旨および審査報告：学位授与年月日；令和4年3月28日，学位の種類；博士（歴史学），学位記番号；博歴乙第13号

This paper reports the results of a resilience workshop to provide mental health support for overcoming difficulties to first-year university students. The workshop focused on four aspects: emotional understanding, behavior, cognitive change, and food and nutrition-based approaches. The importance of preventive resilience workshops for first-year university students is discussed based on an analysis of the trends among the workshop participants and their realizations noted in worksheets, reports, and questionnaires.

アジアのビジネスは日本とは大きく違っている。それは企業を取り巻く歴史や政体が異なるからである。アジアの国々はそれぞれ異なった歴史をもっており、それがゆえに企業の特徴が異なる。「アジアビジネス」とひとくくりにして考えることはミスリードにつながる。本稿ではそうしたアジアの多様性な側面を国ごとにレビューする。歴史的な背景によって形成されたビジネスの環境の特殊性の中で、それぞれの国の企業はどのように経営されているのか。また、アジアの日系企業はどのようにそれらと関係をもち、あるいは対峙しているのかについていくつかの例を交えて検討していく。, Business in Asia is somewhat different from that in Japan. Its characteristics has been created based on different history and different political system. Enterprises in Asia accordingly look tough from Japanese view point. Due to the different background in each country, there are unique business players each other. The article will cover the discussion how Japanese subsidiaries collaborate and compete with those players in Asian market mentioning several cases.

プロジェクトマネジメントの知識体系やプロジェクトマネジャーの資質・能力の国際標準化が欧米主導で進められている。グローバル化が進展するなかで,国境を跨いで実施されるプロジェクトが増加している現実に鑑みるとき,歓迎される動きである。しかし,知識体系の国際標準化はよいとしても,それを臨機応変に活用することを期待されるプロジェクトマネジャーの資質・能力の標準化は注意すべき点も多々ある。それは第一にプロジェクトマネジャーも人間であり,その行動には心理的な変数や文化的変数に影響される存在であるため,それらを考慮に入れない「理想的なプロジェクトマネジャー像」などは,実践的には危ういものであるからである。また,そもそもそのようなプロジェクトマネジャーをどのようにして育成していくのかという方法論とセットでなければ論じられないはずである。本稿ではこうした問題意識に示唆を与えるビジネス現場や教育現場における実践や研究成果を援用しつつ,国際標準としてのあるべきプロジェクトマネジャーはどのようにして育成すべきか,という点を検討し,一定の示唆を得ようとするものである。, The knowledge areas of Project management and ideal project manager's (PM's) personality and talents are internationally standardized by major institutes in Europe and USA. Standardization of knowledge areas will contribute to improvement of project performance. The standardization of PM's personality and talent, however, needs some more careful consideration since PM's are human being who has different emotion and cultural background. You should not treat them in a same manner. They have wide variety of personality, talent and background. Because of this, they can solve and overcome the problems that they face in project implementation. In this context, education and training for good project manager should be based on this understanding. The paper tries to come up with some useful suggestion on the good education approach for PM's by introducing practice in business world and psychological education.

プロジェクトマネジメントにおけるリスクマネジメントは一般的に「識別」,「定性的分析」,「定量的分析」,「対応策」の4段階がある。プロジェクトマネジメントにおける調達とリスクマネジメントのかかわりで見るならば,発注者と受注者(落札に至るまでは「応札者」と呼ばれる)という直接的なステークホルダー間での関係がプロジェクトの納期,品質などの重要な点に大きな影響を与えるリスクをもたらす。プロジェクトにおける調達に関連するリスクとしては調達構造によるリスク,契約形態によるリスク,調達構造と契約形態が複合したリスク,形式的な受発注関係と実質的な受発注関係のずれによるリスクの4つのパターンがあると考える。それぞれのパターンに応じて対応策も変えていかなければならないが,その鍵を握るのが発注者と受注者の間のコミュニケーションのあり方である。, Risk management in project management generally consists of risk identification, qualitative risk analysis, quantitative risk analysis and risk response plan. From the view point of procurement, those risks are related to the relationship between buyers and sellers. The relationship can be a critically important to schedule and quality of deliverables of the project.The risks related the relationship should be studied based on the variety of types of procurement structure, contract, combination of the structure and the contract and inconsistency of the relationship between buyer and seller. The risks vary from type to type. In addition to that, communication between buyer and seller is the other angle to study the risks.

華人系やインド系などを中心とした東南アジア・南アジアの大企業グループは欧米列強等の植民地時代やその後の独立以来の長い歴史を持つ企業も多い。多くは出身国の文化や家族・一族による強い紐帯を強みとしたファミリービジネスの形態を保ちつつも、現地に定着し、現地政権との緊密な関係を築きながら発展してきた。これが1990年代を画期とする市場経済化の進展の中でコングロマリット化や多国籍企業化を通じて、そのビジネススタイルに変化がみられる。本稿では東南アジア・南アジアの代表的な大企業グループの変遷について、そうした視点から比較検討し、今後のさらなる変貌を展望する。, Cross-cultural local business groups have relatively long history since colony era and independent movement era. They are characterized as "family business" with a particular ethnic culture. They, however seek for localization to target local market place and strong ties with local government. This is sometimes called "crony capitalism". Under the wave of globalism and market economy since 1990s, the business groups have been developing their local-oriented business to multinational business in the form of conglomerate. The process tends to transform their traditional business style. The paper tries to overview the process through comparing examples across South East Asia and India.

Niloufar Shashaani,1 Reza Shiari,2 Abdullah Karimi,3 Shima Salehi,4 Roxana Ghanaei,3 Mehrnoush Hassas Yeganeh,2 Sara Shiari,1 Khosro Rahmani,2 Vadood Javadi Parvaneh2 1Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 2Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Mofid Children’s Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 3Department of Infectious Diseases, Mofid Children’s Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 4Faculty of Medicine, Ali Asghar Children’s Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranCorrespondence: Reza Shiari Tel +98-21-22227033Email shiareza@yahoo.comIntroduction: Kawasaki disease (KD) is a systemic vasculitis that occurs mostly in children under five years old. Kawasaki affects the middle-size arteries, especially the coronary arteries. Therefore, without adequate treatment, it may cause coronary artery aneurysm in 25% of patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between Kobayashi, Sano, and Egami criterions with coronary artery aneurysm in KD patients during the last ten years and to identify risk factors in patients with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)-resistant and coronary artery aneurysms.Methodology: Medical records of 363 Kawasaki patients referred during 2008– 2017 were reviewed. Patients’ demographic data and Kobayashi, Sano, and Egami scores of each patient were calculated. Based on echocardiographic findings, cases of coronary artery aneurysm were determined. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, and the accuracy of each criterion were determined to predicting IVIG resistance and detect coronary artery aneurysm.Results: There was a slight relationship between IVIG-resistance in Kawasaki children and its prediction based on the Kobayashi risk score, but no relationship was found between the Egami and Sano criteria. Sixty-three patients (17.4%) had coronary artery lesions (CALs) on time of diagnosis. There were no statistically significant differences between gender and mean age of children with and without CALs. Also, there was no significant relationship between coronary artery aneurysm in Kawasaki children and its prediction based on the above three risk factors. The area under the ROC-curve of all three risk measures of Kobayashi, Egami, and Sano indicated that all three criteria were not useful in predicting CALs.Conclusion: Despite the low accuracy of the three above criteria to predictive of patients with IVIG resistance, it seems that the variables of age, duration of fever, and C-reactive protein (CRP) are more useful than other variables and may be utilized to evaluate patients by establishing a more appropriate cut-off point.Keywords: Kawasaki disease, coronary artery aneurysm, IVIG-resistant, Kobayashi, Sano, Egami

プロジェクトマネジメントは固有の成果を達成するための期限付きかつ一回限りの業務を達成するための管理知識および管理技術を体系化した研究分野である。実務界で主に発展してきたものであり、国際的な資格試験も行われている。本稿ではこの分野のうち、大学の学部で基礎知識として学習しておくべき、プロジェクトマネジメントの概念と管理知識のうち中核的なものとされているスコープ(範囲)、タイム(スケジュール)、コスト、品質について、基礎知識と実務にかかわる課題について概観してみたい。, Project management is the research subject that includes management knowledge and technique for efficient and effective implementation of a project. The subject is recognized as internationally indispensable knowledge for business, which is sometimes examined and authorized by worldfamous business association, such as PMI (Project Management Institute, USA.) The discussion of this paper covers basic knowledge areas, management cycle (process groups), scope, time (schedule), cost and quality as well as related issues in practice.

これまでのSE教育において,大学では情報技術の学修を行えばよく,業務知識は卒業後に実務を通して学べば良いとされてきた.しかし,現代の情報システム開発の課題は業務イノベーションであり,情報技術の力により全く新しい業務の仕方を企画することである.SEが自らの情報技術の知識をベースにユーザー業務まで踏み込んで問題解決を行う必要がある.ところが,業務知識を正攻法で学修する場合,経営学という巨大な知識体系に取り組むことになり多くの時間と努力が必要となる.従って,情報学部の学部生に対して,問題解決に必要な最小限の業務知識をいかにして学修させるかが課題となる.本論文では,それを解決するための新専門科目「情報技術者のための業務知識」を提案する., In the university course for system engineering, students usually learn the information technology skill (eg. computer & network, software engineering) and do not learn the business knowledge till they graduate the university and get the job. In these days, the much of system development activities aim at not improvement but innovation, and system engineers have to understand users' job and solve the business problem together with users. Though, it takes a vast of time to challenge the large body of knowledge - "business study" to understand users' job. Therefore, it is an important theme to make students in faculty of informatics to learn the minimum business knowledge for problem solving. In this paper, we propose a new specialized course "business knowledge for system engineers" for this requirement.

文部科学省私立大学戦略的研究基盤形成支援事業(平成26年度～平成30年度), この論文は,人びとの容姿が,幸福や満足といった主観的ウェル・ビーイングに影響しているのかを検討する.そこで,「美容資本」を人的資本の1つとして概念化したうえで,人びとは時間や労力を美容資本に投資し,地位達成,家族形成,ウェル・ビーイングなどとして回収すると仮定する.先行研究では欧米社会が対象だったので,アジア社会としてインドネシアを事例とし,ランダム・サンプリングにもとづく訪問面接調査を実施してデータ収集した(分析対象は3,197人).従属変数は「人生の階段」「主観的幸福感」「生活満足度」「ストレス」の4つのウェル・ビーイング(すべて11段階)とし,独立変数である容姿は調査員が5段階で評価した.分析の結果,(1)容姿がよい人ほど,人生の階段,主観的幸福感,生活満足度といった長期的なウェル・ビーイングが促進された.(2)ただし,ストレスのような短期的なウェル・ビーイングには,とくに効果がなかった.したがって,インドネシアでは美容資本への投資には,短期より長期的にウェル・ビーイングを促進させる役割があった.以上から,アジア社会でも,容姿が主観的ウェル・ビーイングを促進しうることが,はじめて確認された., This paper scrutinizes roles of beauty capital on subjective well-being. For this purpose, "beauty capital" is conceptualized as enhancing status attainment, family formation, and subjective well-being as one form of human capital. The literature has focused on Western societies, so the paper collected data in Indonesia as a case of Asian societies. A face-to-face survey was conducted on a representative sample in Java (sample size is 3,197). Dependent variables consist of the ladder of life, subjective happiness, life satisfaction, and stress, each on an eleven-point scale. Interviewers evaluated respondents' physical attractiveness on a five-point scale. Findings include that (1) better looking people raised long-term well-being, such as the ladder of life, subjective happiness, and life satisfaction. (2) Beauty had, however, no effects on short-term well-being, such as stress. Therefore, investment in beauty capital had a promoting role on long-term rather than short-term well-being in Indonesia. The paper first unveils positive relationships of physical attractiveness and psychological well-being in an Asian society.

ベトナムのWTOへの加盟など国際市場への本格的な開放を受けて,海外からの製造業など直接投資は南部のみならず,北部にも一層増加し経済が活性化する。しかし,投資資金が不動産投機など生産効率化に関連しない分野に流れ込み,通貨高も顕在化する。また,中国製品の流入が多く,現地製品にとって強い圧力になっていった。投資環境の課題は国有企業の改革,輸出製品の競争力の向上,それを実現するための人材育成やそのための経営スキルの教育であることが明らかになってゆく。, Vietnamese economy was getting activated in 2000s since it opened up to world market place through its participation to WTO and various economic agreements with major countries. Foreign Direct Investment from overseas were made in northern area as well as in southern area. Investment was, however, sometimes made for speculation rather than for improving efficiency and effectiveness in business development. In addition, it was getting clear that education and management skills were to be required toward further economic development.

文部科学省私立大学戦略的研究基盤形成支援事業(平成26年度～平成30年度), この論文は,幸せをどのような言葉で表現すると,人びとの幸福度が変わるのかを検討する.そのために,幸福の質的データである自由回答が,量的データである主観的幸福感とどう関連するのかを分析する.先行研究では,検討されていない分野だった.そこで,ランダム・サンプリングに基づく郵送調査を実施して,データ収集した(分析対象は265人).自由回答は「幸せとは一言でいうと何ですか」と質問し,テキスト・マイニング分析(計量テキスト分析)によって7カテゴリへと割りふった.主観的幸福感は,4段階で測定した.その結果,(1)自由回答カテゴリから,幸福として心理的安定をイメージする人が最多で半分以上おり,これに健康,家族,生活観が続いた.(2)主観的幸福感を従属変数とした回帰分析から,家族や生活観をイメージした人ほど幸福を有意に感じていたが,収入・仕事の想起は幸福感を有意に低下させた.以上から,家族や生活にまつわる言葉は,いわばアクセルとなって人びとを幸福にし,収入や仕事にまつわる言葉はその逆にブレーキとなっていた.こうした結果は,混合研究法アプローチによって,(自由回答という)多様性のある質的データを,同じ対象者の(主観的幸福感という)比較可能な量的データに有機的に結合させることで,はじめて得られた., This paper scrutinizes how open-ended answers on happiness affect subjective happiness in Japan. The literature has overlooked such effects. So, to collect data, a mail survey was conducted on a representative sample in Nishi-Tokyo city in Tokyo (sample size is 265). Respondents are asked how to express happiness in a word. These answers are categorized into seven groups by a text mining analysis. Subjective happiness is measured on a four-point scale. Following are revealed. (1) By distribution, half of respondents recall "mental stability" and related words, followed by health, family, and everyday life. (2) By regression analysis, respondents feel happier if they imagine family or everyday life. Income and employment, on the other hand, reduce happiness. Therefore, words like family and everyday life boost happiness as non-material conditions, while those like income and employment lower happiness as material conditions. These findings can be obtained only when mixed methods approaches are used so that qualitative data are organically combined with quantitative data of the same respondents.

専修大学社会知性開発研究センター/アジア産業研究センターの研究プロジェクト,文部科学省私立大学戦略的研究基盤形成支援事業「メコン諸国における経済統合の中小企業への影響についての研究 : 『ASEAN サプライチェーン』の観点から」(2014年度～2018年度)

メコン地域諸国を東西に連結する陸上ルート「東西経済回廊」,「南部経済回廊」。2014年の前者に続いて,今回(2017年2月)は後者(ホーチミン市―プノンペン区間)を走破し,その周辺のビジネス環境,すなわちクロスボーダービジネス環境を調査した。本稿では前回の知見を踏まえて「南部経済回廊」のビジネス環境の概要を報告する。本ルートは既に多くの定期便バスおよび定期便輸送貨物が走行しており,周辺の経済特別区(SEZ)にも外国資本の生産工場が多く立地しつつある。周辺を流れるメコン川水系を利用した伝統的な河川交通網とも補完しあった相乗効果が発揮されているようであり,山間部を貫通する「東西経済回廊」に加えて,メコン進出の日系製造業にとってサプライチェーンに関わるビジネス環境がより整ってきている。日本企業もこうした変化により一層関心を高める時期に来ている。, East Economic Corridor and South Economic Corridor connect logistics among Mekong countries (Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand and Myanmar.) Since I have already explored the former one, the paper will show the summary of my exploration on the latter one, which was conducted in February, 2017. Compared with East West Economic corridor, South Economic Corridor is more developed from the view point of FDI, logistics industry and tourism. In addition, seemingly, it has some advantage in terms that the route can enjoy efficiency in collaboration with conventional inland-water logistics. The on-going road-infrastructure development will give further positive effect on Japanese manufactures in the region. Japanese companies should pay more attention on the situation.

1990年代はベトナム経済の市場経済化にとって,極めて重要な期間である。特にこの期間は西側諸国からの外国投資を受け入れるための国内的システムの基盤整備を試行錯誤しつつ,本格的に実施し始めた期間と言える[i]。重点対象として輸入代替産業を優遇し,先端技術分野,インフラ開発,石油化学,農村部への進出などのカテゴリーの投資を優遇した税率を定めるなど,政策上の重点分野を反映させるように改正されている。外国投資の受け入れはこうした政策実現のために必要不可欠であり,そのための外国資本認可手続きの簡素化,外国資本優遇分野を制定し,法制度も整備していった。今日のベトナムの経済発展の基盤づくりとなった1990年代の改革に焦点を当てる。, The political and economic reforms in 1990s are critically important for Vietnam. In this period, to induce technology and capital, various reforms were initiated by the government. Among them, tax preference and deregulation for foreign companies which invested in the prioritized sectors including high-tech industry, infrastructure, energy development and rural development was core reform. The reforms lead to in-flow of foreign capital and technical transfer to local industries in 2000s.

専修大学社会知性開発研究センター/アジア産業研究センターの研究プロジェクト,文部科学省私立大学戦略的研究基盤形成支援事業「メコン諸国における経済統合の中小企業への影響についての研究 : 『ASEAN サプライチェーン』の観点から」(2014年度～2018年度)

おもてなしとは,顧客の期待を上回るパフォーマンスをあげて多くの顧客満足を獲得することである.近年,顧客ニーズが多様化して事前に顧客の意図を予測することが困難となったため,サービス提供時に顧客の意図を迅速に察知しその場で解決することが必要となった.この問題を解決するために,本論文では,おもてなしサービスを,サービス計画,サービス交渉,サービス提供,サービス改善という4ステップから成るビジネスプロセスとして捉える.そして,サービス交渉時の"顧客意図を発見し解決する"プロセスと,サービス改善時の"組織的にスキルを獲得する"プロセスに着目し,それらをデザインするために解決すべき課題を明らかにする.最後に,ケーススタディを通してそれらの課題の妥当性を示す., A hospitality service is the service that performs more than expected and obtains extraordinary amount of customer satisfaction. Lately, because customer needs have had more diversity than ever, and it is hard to predict each customer's intention in advance, it has become essential to discover and realize each customer's intention while delivering services. In this paper, in order to solve this problem, we regard the hospitality service as a process consisting of four steps - service planning, service negotiation, service delivery, and service improvement. We also clarify the problems to be solved for designing two processes - the process that service suppliers discover each customer's intention and think of its solution in the service negotiation step, and the process that service suppliers learn their skills from each other in the service improvement step. Lastly, we verify the validity of these problems with some real cases.

ミャンマー(旧ビルマ)への日本企業の進出が続いている。日本は1987年以来のミャンマー軍事政権との経済交流を中断していたがそれ以前は,戦後賠償やODA と並行した民間企業の技術移転を通じて60年代から87年までミャンマー(旧ビルマ)の工業化に大きな貢献をしていた。本稿ではそのうちの一つ,「工業化4プロジェクト」を取り上げる。本稿ではその経緯と概要を紹介するものである。, Japanese firms are recently making a larger investment in Myanmar. Japan had strong ties with Myanmar and made great contribution to its industry through technical transfer conducted by Japanese manufacturers before political turmoil in the country from 1960's to 1987. The paper will try to introduce the historical events and predict future industrial cooperation between the two nations.

Nowadays art festivals engage more to organize their events in unusual places. Either for the sake of city branding or a pure cultural memory action, a performance might be set in a forgotten memory place. From the moment that a festival participant enters to a sensitive site, even though s/he ignores the past, s/he involves in a process of contemplation about the hidden trauma(s). The place which is distinguished sharply by a comfortable concert hall becomes one of the actors of the event and the participant questions a past that s/he hasn’t been strongly connected. Thus, the individual is not only aroused by the performance itself and the information in the booklets but also physical environment has an affect. Apt to the intensive emotions during the performance, the sounds, smells and some visuals in the memory place reveal a past which remained blurred in the collective memory before. This article handles colors among those triggering objects of the physical environment. An anthropological review is proposed to focus on the sense of colors tied closely with memory. Firstly some examples from visual art works in which colors are implemented explicitly to refer to the memory of a trauma and place. Secondly the findings are construed with the art festivals ‘coming back’ to memory places. Considering that colors are common visuals, their senses vary and circulate in daily life between universal codes and local discourses. They shape constantly the sense making process of an individual. While they are unfolded, the embedded meanings and their stories might unlock the stillness of the memory places.

メコン諸国の経済発展によって国境をまたぐ陸上交通網が新しいビジネスチャンスをもたらそうとしている。生産工程の国境を越えた分業が陸上交通を介して,既存の生産拠点と新規の生産拠点のネットワーキングにより現実味を帯びてきたからである。これは「中国プラスワン」,「タイプラスワン」というアジアの生産戦略にも新しい戦略的なオプションを与える。本論ではその一つの例としてベトナム－ラオス間の「東西経済回廊」について実査した結果をもとにレポートする。, Economic development along the roads connecting Mekong countries including Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia and Thailand is emerging as an opportunity of business. Particularly, newly-built logistics infrastructure is an attractive factor because newly constructed crossborder roads provide foreign manufacturers with new strategic options in terms of networking their existing and new factories. The paper is an attempt to illustrate current situation of the Vietnam-Laos cross-border road, so called "east-west economic corridor” based on the field research in 2014.

The stromata of Cordyceps takaomontana Y. Kobayashi (1941) were found on the Langbian Mountain, Da Lat, Vietnam at the height of 1.650 meter above sea level, on the larva of Lepidoptera. Stromata were lemon-yellow, clavate to enlongated clavate, arising from a white pseudosclerotium. The fertile head was on the top part of stromata, darker colored in comparison to the stipe. Perithecium was narrowly ovoid, superficial and forming dark yellow punctate on the surface of stromata. Ascus was cylindrical with semi-spherical cap. Ascospores were cylindrical, truncated and separately after discharge from the ascus. Pure culture was isolated on Potato Glucose Agar (PGA) medium: white colony in young and yellow in old. The isolated mycelium was not homogenous in thickness and in growth rate at the peripheral area. Conidiophores were phialide, tapering to both apexes. Conidia had elliptical shape and formed into chains after maturation. DNA was isolated, then purified from pure mycelium and used to amplifying the nrLSU (nuclear ribosomal large subunit) and rpb1 (RNA polymerase II largest subunit) genes. The amplified products were used for sequencing, proof-reading by some professional softwares before combining with other nrLSU and rpb1 sequences. Then this database was used to search for the suitable evolution model as well as to construct the phylogenetic trees. The results of phylogenetic analysis completely supported the morphological classification: DL0038A and DL0038B were Cordyceps takaomontana Y. Kobayashi (1941).

中国の機械製品の競争力はWTOの加盟以前にも急速に向上していたが，それは完成品において顕著であり，部品生産における競争力は依然として課題を抱えていた。この間，基幹部品は日本やASEANからの輸入で賄っていた。また地方や機械製品毎に競争力にばらつきもみられた。しかし，2000年前後にこの状況が変化し，部品も含めた本格的な中国機械製品の競争力の確立が鮮明になっていったのではないかと思われる。, The competitive edge of Chinese-made machinery products was dramatically improved in 1990's. It was, however, mainly achieved in finished goods not in components. The competitiveness differed from region to region and sector to sector. It is only after 2000's that China has obtained real competitive edges in electronics industry including finished goods and components.

It is generally known that knowledge work processes include a lot of exception handling, and are non-repeated and unpredictable. Therefore, in case of applying process mining techniques to these processes, critical issues are generating stable business logic models and defining behavior metrics to assess exception handling. In order to resolve these issues, this paper proposes a business state model consisting of following two structures. The essential structure is constructed by abstracting only stable core events and by configuring a state transition model with them. The incidental structure is constructed by embedding the other changeable events into each state of this model and by defining behavior metrics with event attributes and their context information.The proposed model was implemented as a software tool and confirmed by applying to the real consumer loan approval process in a financial institute.

To design business process, the pattern approach is a powerful tool. We generally design the business process in three steps - breaking down the enterprise goal into the process level, improving the process, and planning the information system. Generally, the design outcomes in the business process improvement are categorized in three themes - problems, issues, and solutions. Of these themes, the issues are not affected by the variation of each process, and the most suitable for the pattern approach. In this paper, we propose the issue patterns, which are based on process phases and process types. We also evaluate this design method with the case study of the credit card issue process and show the effectiveness.

ベトナムへの日系企業の進出が拡大している。ベトナムには様々な投資環境上の問題はあるものの，周辺国と比べて相対的に投資環境が安定しているとの評価が進んできたからである。本稿では直接投資を進めている日系企業の操業動向から現在のベトナムの投資環境の評価を浮かび上がらせる。;FDI from Japan to Vietnam is increasing. Though some business obstacles against foreign companies still exist, business environment for foreign investors in Vietnam is comparatively stable in East Asia.This paper is a trial for building the base of discussion to evaluate the business environment in Vietnam.

中国近代の民族資本家，張謇（1853－1926）は実業によって国を振興させようとした，日本の渋沢栄一に比定される人物である。張謇は社会主義体制下の中国では1970 年代まで大物資本家として否定的な評価も多くなされてきたが，近年，改革開放政策の定着により，大きく評価が見直され，高い評価を受けつつある。特に「実業振興」という実業家の側面に加えて「教育家」，「地方議員」としても活躍した事実は，現在の中国政府が注力している農村振興や中小企業振興のための政策と同じ方向をもっており，このため，張謇研究はますます盛んになっている。本稿では実業振興に資する人材育成のための「教育」，地域企業振興を支援するための「地方自治」に焦点を当て，検討を行った。経営に関わる知識の教育は中国伝統の人倫を重んずる教育と併せ持って始めて効果がある，という考え方や中央政府の地方への過度の介入は逆に地域の活力を奪い，ひいては国家の衰亡につながる，という考え方は多くの示唆を現在のわれわれにも与えてくれる。

２００８年秋のいわゆるリーマンショックに端を発した「世界金融危機」は主に米国の需要を減退させ，その影響は日本およびアジアにも波及した。そうした状況の中でアジアの各国は政府の財政による国内需要の維持や規制緩和を通じた景気の下支えを行ったが，これは投資環境における政府の役割を再確認させ，政府の政策を左右する政治の安定度にも関心を向けさせることになった。本稿では議論の材料として，日本企業が多くの子会社（日系企業）を展開するインドネシアとタイという二か国を事例に，それぞれの国の政策および企業の動向を取り上げ，金融危機前後の投資環境としての政治政策の変動と企業の動向を分析する。, The world financial crisis which was triggered by “Leman Shock” seriously affected business environment in 2008. The governments in Asia played substantial role to sustain and to stimulate economy through government investment and deregulation. This naturally makes us to put more emphasis on government and political factors in analyzing business environment.The article discusses the analytical angle taking the examples Indonesia and Thailand where Japanese investors have many subsidiaries.

The present study investigated an effective measurement of individual differences in working memory(WM) capacity among Japanese participants. The Operation Span Test (OSPAN), where participants alternate between solving math problems and learning words, is widely used among researchers. In this study, we employed Japanese college students as participants and conducted two experiments using an automated version of the OSPAN. The OSPAN scores reached the ceiling (M =95%) in the present study and were much higher than those in the previous studies (M=52%), which were carried out in the United States. This result suggests that the original OSPAN is too easy for Japanese participants and, thus, should be improved to increase the levels of difficulty. On the basis of the present results, we compared various measurements of WM capacity and discussed practical suggestions for the measurement.

本学商学研究所の組織間協定校である大韓民国（以下韓国と称する）慶南大学校地域問題研究院との交流協定が2010年8月をもって満了した。交流協定を通じて互いの拠点である川崎市と馬山市を例に挙げ、日韓で地域の発展政策における比較を行った。馬山市では隣接する昌原市と同様なコンセプトの発展を争うことではなく、協調して発展していくことが目指されている。都市開発において重複投資をしないように、調和をとりながら「都市圏」として補完し合っての発展を目指している。川崎市の地域活性化の特徴は、市内の多様な地域的特徴を総合的に活用した発展をベースにその発展戦略が考えられていることである。市内各地域特徴を生かし、それぞれの産業蓄積を踏まえた、再開発やサービス化へのリニューアルによる発展方向が模索されている。その中でモノ作りや新サービスを創出しようとしている元気のある中小企業への支援も積極的に行っている。, The Institute for Commercial Sciences of Senshu University has finished the research activities for comparative regional study on Kawasaki City, Japan and Masan City, South Korea based on the research collaboration between the both institutes in August 2010 years. This paper is a summary of the activities. Masan city government focuses on the harmonized economic and social development with the neighboring cities. The point of the policy is avoidance of redundant investment in industry with other cities. In the policy, it is believed that the cooperation and comple-mentation among cities realizes a sort of global competitive edge for them. Kawasaki has a bit different vision from Masan does. Kawasaki is trying to stimulate industrial and historical potential within the city. In its development policy, it is presumed that wide variety of local industries creates a unique development of the municipality as a whole, attracting further investment and human resources. In this context, Kawasaki puts stress on support for SME (small and medium enterprises).