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Digital, Introducción: Las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en los últimos años han tomado bastante protagonismo en distintos países del mundo en especial en los países latinoamericanos entre estas se destaca la diabetes mellitus tipo 2. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar las características demográficas y socioeconómicas de personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2, según conocimiento de su condición y el control de la glicemia, en participantes del estudio de cohorte PURE Colombia. Métodos: Estudio observacional analítico donde se incluyeron hombres y mujeres mayores de 35 que estuvieran registrados como participantes en la cohorte PURE en seguimiento. Se excluían las bases de datos que no tuvieran la información de las variables de interés. Resultados: Se estudió un total de 443 participantes con predominio de sexo femenino (60%), la mayoría de la población tenía una edad igual o mayor a 50 años y conocían el diagnostico de su enfermedad, se encontraron diferencias significativas entre el control de la diabetes y el nivel educativo (p=0,018) y el área de residencia (p=0,004). En cuanto a prevalencia de diabetes por departamentos se encontró la mayor en el Casanare (10.3%). Discusión: Las características sociodemográficas representan un factor importante en el desarrollo de diabetes mellitus tipo 2. El nivel educativo y el área de residencia tienen efecto sobre la prevalencia de la enfermedad. Conclusión: personas con edad igual o mayor a 50 años tienen un mayor estudio de riesgo de padecer diabetes mellitus predominando el sexo femenino. Así mismo, la mayor prevalencia de diabetes está en participantes que viven en zonas urbanas y sin nivel educativo., Introduction: Chronic non-communicable diseases in recent years have taken a considerable role in different countries of the world, especially in Latin American countries, among them type 2 diabetes mellitus stands out. The objective of this study was to determine the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of people. With type 2 diabetes mellitus, according to the knowledge of their condition and glycemic control, in the participants of the PURE Colombia cohort study. Methods: Analytical observational study that included men and women over 35 years of age who were registered as participants in the PURE cohort under follow-up. Databases without information on the variables of interest were excluded. Results: A total of 443 predominantly female participants (60%) were studied, the majority of the population was 50 years or older and knew the diagnosis of their disease, significant differences were found between the control of the diabetes and educational level (p = 0.018) and area of residence (p = 0.004). Regarding the prevalence of diabetes by departments, the highest was found in Casanare (10.3%). Discussion: Sociodemographic characteristics represent an important factor in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The educational level and the area of residence have an effect on the prevalence of the disease. Conclusion: People aged 50 years or older have a higher risk of diabetes mellitus, predominantly female. Likewise, the highest prevalence of diabetes is in participants who live in urban areas and have no educational level., Pregrado, Fisioterapeuta, Introducción ................................................................................................................... 16 1. Planteamiento del Problema ........................................................................ 18 1.1 Pregunta Problema ....................................................................................... 21 2. Justificación .................................................................................................. 22 3. Objetivos ...................................................................................................... 25 3.1 Objetivo General ........................................................................................... 25 3.2 Objetivos Específicos .................................................................................... 25 4. Marco Teórico .............................................................................................. 26 4.1 Generalidades de la Morfofisiología del Páncreas ........................................ 26 4.2 Diabetes, Estadísticas y Prevalencia ............................................................ 27 4.3 Manifestaciones Clínicas y Complicaciones más Frecuentes de la Diabetes29 4.4 Características Sociodemográficas en Población Diabética ......................... 30 4.5 Modificación de Estilos de Vida en Pacientes Diabéticos ............................. 31 4.6 Terapia de Nutrición Médica ......................................................................... 32 4.7 Actividad Física ............................................................................................. 33 4.8 Reducción de Peso ....................................................................................... 35 4.9 Educación Para el Autocontrol de la Diabetes y Apoyo Para la Diabetes ..... 35 4.10 Desigualdades Económicas en la Prevalancia de la Diabetes ..................... 37 4.11 Situación Socioeconómica y Diabetes .......................................................... 38 4.12 Factores de Riesgo Cardiovasculares y Diabetes ........................................ 39 4.13 Apoyo Familiar y Diabetes ............................................................................ 41 4.14 Diferencias Entre Zona Rural y Urbana en Pacientes Diabéticos ................. 42 5. Marco Contextual ......................................................................................... 44 6. Marco Legal .................................................................................................. 45 6.1 Ley 100 de 1993 ........................................................................................... 45 6.2 Ley 528 de 1999 ........................................................................................... 45 7. Metodología .................................................................................................. 46 7.1 Tipo de Estudio ............................................................................................. 46 7.2 Población del Estudio ................................................................................... 46 7.3 Muestra y Tipo de Muestreo ......................................................................... 46 7.4 Criterios de Inclusión .................................................................................... 46 7.5 Criterios de Exclusión ................................................................................... 47 7.6 Instrumento de Recolección de la Información ............................................. 47 7.7 Procedimiento ............................................................................................... 47 7.8 Análisis Estadístico ....................................................................................... 48 7.9 Consideraciones Éticas ................................................................................ 48 8. Resultados ................................................................................................... 50 9. Discusión ...................................................................................................... 56 10. Conclusiones ................................................................................................ 61 Referencias Bibliográficas ............................................................................................. 63 Anexos .......................................................................................................................... 71

Patient knowledge about diabetes mellitus (DM) and appropriate timely management with respect to the condition are important factors for limiting the complications of the disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate knowledge and practices regarding DM, its ocular effects and management protocols among privately-funded diabetic patients. A questionnaire containing questions on these issues and certain demographics was provided to 73 self-funding or privately-funded diabetic patients attending an optometric practice in a rural district of the Western Cape. Respondents ages ranged from 33 to 80 years (mean = 57 ± 11.2 years) and included 59% males and 41% females. Above half(56%) of the respondents knew that there were two main types of DM. Less than half (46%) of the respondents reported having Type 2 DM, 4% reported having Type 1 DM and 49% did not knowwhat type of DM they had. Although 82% of the respondents reported owning a glucometer and 98% knew that controlling their blood sugar levels may help reduce diabetic complications, only 29% measured their blood sugar levels on a daily basis. Most respondents (97%) agreed that DM could affect their vision yet only 37% stated that they had annual eye examinations. A significant proportion of the respondents did not know that DM could cause strabismus (57%), colour vision problems (44%), cataracts (41%), retinopathy (37%) and contribute to causing glaucoma (63%). Most respondents took their medication regularly and as prescribed (89%) and underwent regular medical check-ups (82%). However, a large proportion of the respondents did not exercise regularly (61%), had no regular eye testing (63%) nor Body Mass Index (BMI) monitoring (84%) in their manage-ment of DM. This study indicates that, despite access to private health care, these subjects level of knowledge of DM and its ocular effects was sub-optimal. It also indicated poor self-management practices of the diabetic patients towards diabetes care and management. Optometrists should form part of a team of health professionals to assist in the management of DM. (S Afr Optom 2012 71(2) 70-77)

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic and metabolic disease recognized as a global public health problem of an increasing magnitude. Objectives: Characterize the DM in Polytechnic Institute of Bragança (PIB) community and assess the knowledge about the disease. Materials and Methods: In order to collect data, it was applied a questionnaire to 387 members of PIB community (students, teachers and non-teaching staff), between November 2014 and April 2015. Results and Discussion: The prevalence of DM determined in PIB community was 3.4% (13 respondents). From these, 7 (53.8%) have type I DM, 3 (23.1%) have type II DM, 1 (7.7%) have gestational DM while 2 (15.4%) do not know the type of diabetes that have. Regarding to the pharmacological therapeutics, 30.8% use insulin, 46.2% oral hypoglycemic drugs, while 23.1% don’t use any drug. Moreover, 27.6% said carry out a diet and 21.2% does physical exercise more than two times per week, about one third consume tobacco and alcohol. From all respondents, 97.7% claim knowing what DM is. In more detail, 38.6% said know the DM type I, 38.4% the DM type II and 20.0% the DM gestational. Concerning therapeutics used in the different types of DM 69.5% claim know, but only 14.5% were able to correctly identify the four existing drugs list provided. Furthermore, only 1% was able to identify correctly the three DM risk factors presented in the question, while 46% and 47% have identified two or one factors, respectively. Conclusion: It is concluded that the prevalence of diabetes in PIB is very low and the knowledge about the disease is acceptable.