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Health planning provides a structure for the application of epidemiological data to managed populations with the intention of maximising health and identifying targets for intervention. Whilst this is established practice in livestock health, such schemes are rarely applied to free-living wild animal populations. The health of wildlife is important for a variety of reasons including conservation, human health, and ecosystem health, and so it is recommended that a formalised health planning approach be adopted for wildlife, based upon advantages of livestock health schemes identified here. Six key strengths of livestock herd health plans are identified in that these plans are: (1) Outcome driven, (2) Structured and repeatable, (3) They can incorporate both health and welfare considerations and in doing so, establish multidisciplinary management teams, (4) Evidence-based allowing for the prioritisation of key risk factors, (5) Encompassing of both population and individual metrics, and (6) Offer the opportunity for accreditation schemes. The benefits highlighted have implications for both wildlife management and research agendas where the structured format of the health plans will highlight knowledge gaps. Challenges are acknowledged, and it is recognised that livestock health planning cannot simply be copied across to a wildlife context. However, the strengths identified are great enough that it is recommended that wildlife population health planning is developed for active management of individual populations, learning lessons from existing plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines biases in scientific research on bird biodiversity in the provinces of San Juan and Mendoza located in drylands of central-western Argentina. We analyzed the amount, nature, and spatial distribution of research, identifying under- or over-represented topics and trends in sampling design. We found differences in research trends between San Juan and Mendoza, with studies clustered around a limited number of taxa, protected areas, and lower altitudes, highlighting important knowledge gaps. The accessibility and availability of publications, as well as their indexing in national and international databases, were also assessed. The findings reveal a limited and skewed database of temporally and spatially biased data. Furthermore, our results indicate that certain species, taxonomic groups, and IUCN conservation categories are over-represented in the literature. We underline the urgency of promoting primary data generation and focusing on less explored topics and regions. These findings provide valuable insights into research trends and priorities, suggesting the need for more balanced and comprehensive studies to inform conservation strategies in these arid regions. This review emphasizes the need to address these biases to improve understanding and conservation of biodiversity in central-western Argentina, with implications for arid regions globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Rubus glaucus Benth, called Andean blackberry, is a species of significant economic and ecological importance. Despite its relevance, scientific research on this plant remains fragmented and scattered across disciplines. Objective: This study aims to systematically assess the state of scientific knowledge on R. glaucus, identifying research trends, collaborations, and thematic evolutions within the global research community. Methods: We employed a comprehensive bibliometric analysis integrated with Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) and HJ-Biplot methodologies to analyze publications from Scopus and Web of Science databases. Results: Our findings reveal a substantial increase in research interest from the 1990s, reaching a peak in the early 2010s before a recent decline. The study highlights significant contributions from the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Italy, and Colombia, with notable international collaborations. Thematic analysis underscored the ecological role, nutritional benefits, and genetic improvement of R. glaucus as focal areas of research, pointing out gaps in pest management and sustainable cultivation practices. Conclusions: This comprehensive bibliometric analysis offers valuable insights into the research landscape of R. glaucus, underscoring the need for focused research efforts on underexplored areas. The study lays the groundwork for future research directions, encouraging interdisciplinary collaboration to leverage the plant's full potential for agricultural innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of global change, reviewing the relationships between marine fish traits and their range shifts is required to (1) identify ecological generalizations regarding the influence of traits on range shifts at a global scale and (2) investigate the rationale behind trait inclusion in models describing those relationships. We systematically searched for studies on marine fish assemblages that identified distributional shifts and analyzed the relationship between fish traits and these shifts. We reviewed 29 papers and identified 11 shift type characterizations and 41 traits, noting significant variation in measurement methods and model types used to describe their relationships. We identified global trait redundancies in the relationship between fish traits and latitudinal range shifts. These trends are related to the fishes' latitudinal range, trophic level, water column habitat, body size, size‐at‐settlement, growth rate, and larval swimming ability. The first four traits, along with fish bottom habitat, biogeographic affinity, diet, and thermal affinity, also showed significant relationships across four ways to characterize horizontal range shifts of fish species. The significance of these traits suggests their relevance in range shifting, regardless of the analyses conducted, biogeographic realm, and range shift type. However, trait redundancies require further consideration, mainly because some traits show opposing relationships in different studies, and important biogeographic research gaps limit global generalizations about the trait–range shift relationship. Half of the studies analyzed provided a rationale for 23 out of 41 traits. We also provide guidelines for future work to better understand the influence of traits on fish range shifts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study highlights the conservation problems faced by the tiny freshwater bivalves of the family Sphaeriidae, also known as pea, pill, or fingernail clams (or mussels) in Europe. Despite their global distribution, assumed ecological importance, and potential uses, basic knowledge about their taxonomy, biology, and ecology is very limited and much lower than for the larger freshwater bivalve taxa. Immediate scientific priorities are required to fill knowledge gaps regarding their taxonomy, genetic diversity, distribution, reproductive cycle, ecosystem functions, and population trends. Such fundamental knowledge is necessary to identify specific threats and develop appropriate conservation actions. Deploying environmental DNA analysis at a large scale could be a valuable way to fill gaps in distribution and strengthen monitoring in areas where local taxonomic knowledge is lacking. Until taxon-specific management plans can be developed, we recommend that efforts concentrate on the general protection and restoration of wetland habitats, implementing pollution control measures, and managing invasive species. These actions should be complemented by community engagement through citizen science initiatives. Additionally, prioritising data collection to fill existing knowledge gaps and updating conservation statuses (Red Lists) based on comprehensive assessments will be crucial. Implementing these actions will provide a starting point for the broader protection of freshwater ecosystems, thus benefiting pea clams and other interconnected species within these habitats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: HIV remains a significant global public health issue, claiming 36.3 million lives worldwide. In 2020, approximately 1.75 million adolescents aged 10-19 were living with HIV globally, with sub-Saharan Africa accounting for 88% of these cases. Tanzania has a national HIV prevalence of 4.8% among individuals aged 15-49, with the Njombe region reporting the highest prevalence at 11.4%. Despite efforts to combat HIV, adolescents often receive less focus in intervention programs, resulting in inadequate adolescent-friendly services and low HIV testing coverage. This study aimed to assess the barriers to HIV prevention among adolescents in Njombe, focusing on their knowledge and access to Sexual and Reproductive Health Rights (SRHR) services. Methods: A descriptive research approach was used, targeting adolescents aged 15-19 from Agnes Trust and Mpechi secondary schools in Ramadhani and Mji Mwema wards. A total of 155 students were selected through purposive sampling. Data was collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using STATA version 17. Results: The study revealed that 67.1% of adolescents had good knowledge of HIV prevention, with females demonstrating slightly better knowledge (70.11%) than males (63.24%). However, only 69.68% had access to SRHR services, with counselling and testing (31.61%) and health education (30.97%) being the most common services received. Despite this, condom use remained low, with only 3.7% taking condoms during SRHR service participation. Conclusion: While adolescents in Njombe have a good understanding of HIV prevention, there are significant gaps in the consistent use of preventive measures like condoms. Enhanced community awareness, better access to SRHR services, and targeted interventions for male adolescents are recommended to address these gaps and reduce HIV prevalence among adolescents in the region. Further research is needed to explore additional factors contributing to the high HIV prevalence in Njombe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Harm reduction is a crucial approach in addressing the multifaceted challenges of injectable drug use. This paper presents an analysis and mapping of the existing literature on harm reduction research in the context of injectable drug use. By reviewing a comprehensive set of scholarly articles, this study identifies research hotspots, knowledge gaps, and future directions in the field. The findings provide valuable insights for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners to guide future research efforts and inform evidence-based harm reduction interventions. Methods Data for the study was obtained from the Scopus database, using keywords and phrases related to harm reduction and injectable drug use. Validation methods were employed to verify the accuracy and comprehensiveness of the search strategy. Data analysis involved identifying growth patterns, key contributors, mapping frequent terms, identifying research hotspots, and identifying emerging research directions. Results A total of 971 articles were found, with a notable increase from 2015 to 2022. The International Journal of Drug Policy (n = 172, 17.7%) and the Harm Reduction Journal (n = 104, 10.7%) were the most prolific journals, and the United States (n = 558, 57.5%) had the highest number of publications. The Johns Hopkins University (n = 80, 8.5%) was the most prolific institution. Mapping of frequent author keywords revealed the main keywords, including harm reduction, HIV, hepatitis C, and opioid overdose. The highly cited articles cover a broad time span and focus on topics like naloxone distribution, HIV and hepatitis C transmission, while recent articles concentrate on emerging issues such as the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, fentanyl-related concerns, stigma reduction, and needle and syringe programs. Both sets of articles share a common focus on harm reduction strategies, but recent publications highlight current challenges and developments in the field. Conclusions This study provides insights into research landscape on harm reduction in injectable drug use. Research is concentrated in high-income countries, emphasizing the need for more research in low- and middle-income countries. Recent publications focus on emerging challenges like COVID-19 and fentanyl. Research gaps highlight the need for studies in diverse populations, social determinants, program evaluation, and implementation strategies to enhance harm reduction interventions.

Nahida Nayaz Ahmed,1,* Shuja Reagu,2,* Samia Alkhoori,3 Amina Cherchali,4 Pradeep Purushottamahanti,5 Urooj Siddiqui4 1SEHA Mental Health & Wellbeing Services, College of Medicine and Health Sciences of the United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; 2Weill Cornell Medicine, Doha, Qatar; Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; 3Rashid Hospital, Dubai Health, Dubai, United Arab Emirates; 4Viatris Middle East FZ-LLC, Dubai, United Arab Emirates; 5Global Medical Affairs, Viatris Inc., Bangalore, India*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Pradeep Purushottamahanti, Psychiatry Medical Lead, Global Medical Affairs, Viatris, 11th Floor, Prestige Tech Park Platina-3, Kadubeesanahalli, Bengaluru, 560103, India, Email pradeep.purushottamahanti@viatris.comAbstract: Up to 75% of individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) may have residual symptoms such as amotivation or anhedonia, which prevent full functional recovery and are associated with relapse. Globally and in the Gulf region, primary care physicians (PCPs) have an important role in alleviating stigma and in identifying and monitoring the residual symptoms of depression, as PCPs are the preliminary interface between patients and specialists in the collaborative care model. Therefore, mental healthcare upskilling programmes for PCPs are needed, as are basic instruments to evaluate residual symptoms swiftly and accurately in primary care. Currently, few if any electronic enablers have been designed to specifically monitor residual symptoms in patients with MDD. The objectives of this review are to highlight how accurate evaluation of residual symptoms with an easy-to-use electronic enabler in primary care may improve functional recovery and overall mental health outcomes, and how such an enabler may guide pharmacotherapy selection and positively impact the patient journey. Here, we show the potential advantages of electronic enablers in primary care, which include the possibility for a deeper “dive” into the patient journey and facilitation of treatment optimisation. At the policy and practice levels, electronic enablers endorsed by government agencies and local psychiatric associations may receive greater PCP attention and backing, improve patient involvement in shared clinical decision-making, and help to reduce the general stigma around mental health disorders. In the Gulf region, an easy-to-use electronic enabler in primary care, incorporating aspects of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale to monitor amotivation, and aspects of the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale to monitor anhedonia, could markedly improve the patient journey from residual symptoms through to full functional recovery in individuals with MDD.Keywords: electronic tools, functional recovery, knowledge gaps, major depression, primary care, residual outcomes

ABSTRACT Primates are arboreal and semi‐arboreal species, highly dependent on vascular plants. Primate diets typically include plant parts, such as fruits and leaves. Knowledge of the most consumed items is essential for this highly threatened group, especially in the deforested and fragmented Atlantic Forest. Our aim was to synthesise the knowledge about food resources of Atlantic Forest primates. We investigated the temporal and spatial distribution of studies with information on diet, the main taxa recorded as food resources, and the parts of plants most consumed by these primates. We searched for published literature containing food resource records for primates in the Web of Science and screened Neotropical Primates volumes. 96% of the food records were from plants, mainly fruits (50%), leaves (31%) and flowers (14%). Most plant species, genera and families have few records. The families most recorded were Myrtaceae (n = 440) and Fabaceae (n = 392), and the genera were Eugenia (n = 123), Inga (n = 113), Ficus (n = 109) and Myrcia (n = 102). A few primate species with long‐standing conservation programs or population monitoring had the highest number of food resource records. Study sites generally cover only a small part of the geographic range of the primate species, indicating a geographic bias. Our findings highlight the scarcity of research on the Atlantic Forest primate diet, which is especially concerning for threatened species such as Callithrix aurita and Leontopithecus caissara, which only had natural history notes on food resources, and Sapajus robustus, which had no records. The information synthesised here can be useful for planning and executing more efficient Atlantic Forest restoration plans, considering the key plant species for the primate diet. We reinforce the need to conduct more research on the diets of Atlantic Forest primates, as this knowledge can contribute to the understanding of the plasticity and physiology of organisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThe potential of seaweed as a renewable resource is becoming increasingly recognized by diverse stakeholders in Europe. Currently, several initiatives are working on accelerating the development of the European algae industry. Seaweed cultivation can be an important cornerstone in developing EU aquaculture and achieving the European Green Deal. An expert working group was selected and established in February 2021 by the European knowledge brokering mechanism Eklipse. This group was tasked to explore and map the current state of knowledge regarding ecosystem services (ES) provided by seaweed cultivation, including knowledge gaps, constraints, potential negative impacts and tradeoffs. The study was based on the Delphi process and a Quick Scoping Review (QSR). The results of each method showed differences in constraints, negative impacts and knowledge gaps, revealing the need for better communication and collaboration between the involved stakeholders. Both methods identified the following six ES provided by seaweed cultivation: (i) provisioning food, (ii) provisioning hydrocolloids and feed, (iii) regulating water quality, (iv) provisioning habitats, (v) provisioning of nurseries and (vi) regulating climate. Nevertheless, the specific ES identified differed between seaweed taxa. In addition, both methods highlighted also potential negative environmental impacts (e.g., wider ecosystem effects), technological constraints and knowledge gaps (e.g., production). The identified knowledge gaps and constraints were further discussed and prioritized with stakeholders in a workshop in Brussels. This workshop identified the structural research needs for future investigations, including: improved knowledge of environmental impacts; better management of genetic diversity and clear definitions of legal frameworks to support the development of the EU initiative on seaweed sustainable use. This paper summarizes the findings of the investigations of the expert group and future challenges for seaweed cultivation under current and near-future climatic scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adopting a scoping review method, we examined peer‐reviewed academic papers published about human–lion conflict (HLC) (including coexistence) and identified knowledge gaps. We searched papers published between January 1981 and December 2023 using academic databases, with the key terms African lion, human–lion conflict, human–lion coexistence, and human–lion interaction. This produced 485 records, reduced to 137 after using additional criteria. Ninety‐eight papers were focused on lions in Kenya, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, and Botswana. Ten pan‐African studies were identified in our review. Our inductive analysis identified four themes related to HLC: attitudes and perceptions toward lions, causes of HLC, consequences of HLC, and mitigating HLC. Some limitations identified in systematic reviews of human–wildlife conflict have been addressed in recent years, such as broadening the geographical scale of research. However, some knowledge gaps remain, including a lack of assessment of mitigation strategies and studies on climate changes impact on human–lion conflict. Addressing the knowledge gaps highlighted in this review will require diversifying the disciplinary composition of the research teams and increasing researcher reflexivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Amazon boasts the highest anuran species diversity in the world. The Colombian Amazon has the highest rates of illegal deforestation, leading to accelerated species loss. The objective of this review was to identify knowledge shortfalls in anuran research to effectively address conservation efforts. We conducted a systematic literature search from different databases. To this end, we evaluated knowledge gaps in the published literature to pinpoint areas where information is lacking, aiming to address critical topics essential for advancing scientific understanding and informing effective conservation and management strategies. We read the Abstract, Methods, Study Area, Results and supplementary material for each document following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyses) protocol. We found 161 documents, with the earliest publications dating back to the 1940s, and the highest productivity occurring since 2000. The diversity of research topics has increased over time. The most studied topics were systematics and taxonomy, natural history, geographic distributions, while the least studied topics (with less than six documents) were cell biology and microbiology, genetics, toxicology, ethnobiology, diet, infectious diseases, biogeography and macroecology. There remains a need for further research in these underrepresented areas. Only 10 species were represented in more than 17 papers and 165 species were represented in less than three publications. Only three species (Allobates femoralis, Dendropsophus parviceps and Phyllomedusa bicolor) were studied from more than 10 topics and, in general, the studies concentrated on adult life stages, maintaining a gap in the knowledge of larval stages (Haeckelian shortfall). We found 296 anuran species reported in the published documents; and the departments of Amazonas, Caquetá and Putumayo had the highest number of studies with great knowledge gaps in Meta, Vichada, Nariño and Cauca. There was an important increase in the collection of primary field data, and the use of biological collections for specimen studies, with 30.6% and 40% of total studies in these periods, respectively, relying on these data sources. However, in the entire 76‐year span, there has been only one publication that conducted experiments on anurans, highlighting the considerable lack of eco‐physiological studies. Our review did not find a population ecology paper with detailed demographic data or life tables (Prestonian shortfall), although we did uncover six papers reporting abundance data of seven species that could be applied to conservation efforts. We found two papers that reported on functional traits such as reproductive modes and morphological traits (Raunkiæran shortfall); but we did not find a paper on biotic interactions (Eltonian shortfall), species'abiotic tolerances (Hutchinsonian shortfall), or explicit evolutionary patterns (Darwinian shortfall). Only five anuran species were listed in the "Catálogo de Anfibios y Reptiles de Colombia" and only two species have distribution models available on the BioModelos online platform to map Colombian species distribution (Wallacean shortfall). Of the 296 anuran species, 32 are classified under various IUCN threat categories, although these assessments were based solely on geographical distribution data (AOO and EOO) due to the lack of population trend information, resulting in 218 species categorized as of least conservation concern, due to their wide distribution. This study highlights the limited focus on anuran population ecology in the Colombian Amazon, despite its critical role in understanding demographic processes and species conservation. Herpetological research in the Amazon must focus on providing the following critical information for species conservation: (a) long‐term participatory population assessments in mature native forests, (b) detection of changes in the abundance and value of species' functional traits in response to landscape anthropogenic transformation and (c) the development and validation of species distribution maps for the Amazonian region. Sharing raw anuran species population and distribution data through open‐access platforms are crucial steps for the development of informed conservation strategies for the region. Such data enable early detection of habitat degradation and loss effects and establishes a research agenda for long‐term participatory monitoring of anuran species and their habitats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The burgeoning role of artificial intelligence (AI) and Generative AI (GenAI) in academia signifies a transformative shift in educational methodologies and research practices. This mixed-methods cross-sectional study investigates the differential familiarity, usage and attitudes towards AI and GenAI among 704 students and lecturers, supplemented by in-depth interviews with 12 industry and academic professionals. Findings indicate minimal familiarity with AI tools and low use, primarily attributing this to a lack of knowledge. Notably, despite a reported higher familiarity among men than women, actual usage rates did not significantly differ. Discrepancies were also observed between students and lecturers in familiarity and usage, with institutional factors and generational divides impacting AI integration. The study underscores the necessity for academia to bridge these gaps through targeted AI literacy initiatives, fostering equitable access and integrating AI into curriculum and training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Harm reduction is a crucial approach in addressing the multifaceted challenges of injectable drug use. This paper presents an analysis and mapping of the existing literature on harm reduction research in the context of injectable drug use. By reviewing a comprehensive set of scholarly articles, this study identifies research hotspots, knowledge gaps, and future directions in the field. The findings provide valuable insights for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners to guide future research efforts and inform evidence-based harm reduction interventions. Methods: Data for the study was obtained from the Scopus database, using keywords and phrases related to harm reduction and injectable drug use. Validation methods were employed to verify the accuracy and comprehensiveness of the search strategy. Data analysis involved identifying growth patterns, key contributors, mapping frequent terms, identifying research hotspots, and identifying emerging research directions. Results: A total of 971 articles were found, with a notable increase from 2015 to 2022. The International Journal of Drug Policy (n = 172, 17.7%) and the Harm Reduction Journal (n = 104, 10.7%) were the most prolific journals, and the United States (n = 558, 57.5%) had the highest number of publications. The Johns Hopkins University (n = 80, 8.5%) was the most prolific institution. Mapping of frequent author keywords revealed the main keywords, including harm reduction, HIV, hepatitis C, and opioid overdose. The highly cited articles cover a broad time span and focus on topics like naloxone distribution, HIV and hepatitis C transmission, while recent articles concentrate on emerging issues such as the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, fentanyl-related concerns, stigma reduction, and needle and syringe programs. Both sets of articles share a common focus on harm reduction strategies, but recent publications highlight current challenges and developments in the field. Conclusions: This study provides insights into research landscape on harm reduction in injectable drug use. Research is concentrated in high-income countries, emphasizing the need for more research in low- and middle-income countries. Recent publications focus on emerging challenges like COVID-19 and fentanyl. Research gaps highlight the need for studies in diverse populations, social determinants, program evaluation, and implementation strategies to enhance harm reduction interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose -- The purpose of this study is to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the academic activities of Kazakhstan's academics and to present a comprehensive map of the academic landscape in the country. Research methodology -- The study combines synthesis and comparative scientific analysis of concepts and methods in the literature. It involves secondary data analysis, statistical processing, and bibliometric analysis to gather and interpret the data. Findings -- The analysis reveals a significant gap between the practical applications of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Kazakhstan and the academic research on the topic. Furthermore, academic activities and practices in Kazakhstan do not align well with the official reports on the SDGs. While some SDGs have comparable publications in Kazakhstan to global averages, others present distinct challenges and problematic issues unique to the country. Research limitations -- The study faces limitations due to the lack of data or difficulty accessing relevant information. Practical implications -- This research is crucial for promoting SDGs as it aids in understanding global issues, identifying knowledge gaps, and fostering interdisciplinary collaboration to address complex issues related to sustainable development. Additionally, examining a country's academic activities through the lens of SDGs is essential for assessing the nation's academic awareness and engagement with these global goals. Originality/Value -- The article provides a unique and valuable perspective on integrating sustainable development goals within Kazakhstan's academic landscape, highlighting achievements and areas needing improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simulation models of social processes may require data that are not readily available, have low accuracy, are incomplete or biased. The paper presents a formal process for collating, assessing, selecting, and using secondary data as part of creating, validating, and documenting an agent-based simulation model of a complex social process, in this case, asylum seekers’ journeys to Europe. The process starts by creating an inventory of data sources, and the associated metadata, followed by assessing different aspects of data quality according to pre-defined criteria. As a result, based on the typology of available data, we are able to produce a thematic map of the area under study, and assess the uncertainty of key data sources, at least qualitatively. We illustrate the process by looking at the data on Syrian migration to Europe in 2011–21. In parallel, successive stages of the development of a simulation model allow for identifying key types of information which are needed as input into empirically grounded modelling analysis. Juxtaposing the available evidence and model requirements allows for identifying knowledge gaps that need filling, preferably by collecting additional primary data, or, failing that, by carrying out a sensitivity analysis for the assumptions made. By doing so, we offer a way of formalising the data collection process in the context of model-building endeavours, while allowing the modelling to be predominantly question-driven rather than purely data-driven. The paper concludes with recommendations with respect to data and evidence, both for modellers, as well as model users in practice-oriented applications.

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the academic activities of Kazakhstan’s academics and to present a comprehensive map of the academic landscape in the country. Research methodology – The study combines synthesis and comparative scientific analysis of concepts and methods in the literature. It involves secondary data analysis, statistical processing, and bibliometric analysis to gather and interpret the data. Findings – The analysis reveals a significant gap between the practical applications of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Kazakhstan and the academic research on the topic. Furthermore, academic activities and practices in Kazakhstan do not align well with the official reports on the SDGs. While some SDGs have comparable publications in Kazakhstan to global averages, others present distinct challenges and problematic issues unique to the country. Research limitations – The study faces limitations due to the lack of data or difficulty accessing relevant information. Practical implications – This research is crucial for promoting SDGs as it aids in understanding global issues, identifying knowledge gaps, and fostering interdisciplinary collaboration to ad- dress complex issues related to sustainable development. Additionally, examining a country’s academic activities through the lens of SDGs is essential for assessing the nation’s academic awareness and engagement with these global goals. Originality/Value – The article provides a unique and valuable perspective on integrating sustainable development goals within Kazakhstan’s academic landscape, highlighting achievements and areas needing improvement.

Aim: Knowledge gaps and sampling bias can lead to underestimations of species richness and distortions in the known distribution of species. The goal of this study is to identify potential gaps and biases in marine organisms sampling at the Western Atlantic Ocean, determine their causes and assess its effect on biodiversity metrics. We tested the potential interference of this bias with the representation of environmental conditions, potentially affecting biodiversity model predictions. Location: Western Atlantic Ocean. Methods: This study compiled data of marine species in online and institutional databases. The analysis of sampling effort and bias was conducted by mapping the density of records. A spatial autoregressive model (SAR) was employed to investigate the influence of accessibility as a determinant factor of the sampling bias. We tested whether the effect of the sampling bias could result from environmental bias in the samples, contrasting the environmental variables of the study area with those present in the biodiversity records. We examined the correlation between sampling effort in species richness and endemism. Results: The USA has the highest number of records and density of records. There was a low correlation between the vertebrates, invertebrates and algae sample density patterns. Accessibility was identified as one of the main causes of sampling bias. The analysis of environmental bias indicated that the records do not represent all conditions present in the environment. Sampling density showed a strong relationship with endemism and a weaker relationship with species richness. Main Conclusions: We have identified a strong sampling bias related to ease of access that equally affects vertebrates, invertebrates and algae, resulting in a skewed sampling of the environmental conditions where species occur. Sampling patterns differ among the groups. The intensity of sampling effort significantly impacts measures of richness and endemism, potentially undermining the accurate recognition of real biological diversity patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7) is a common virus that is associated with various human diseases including febrile syndromes, dermatological lesions, neurological defects, and transplant complications. Still, HHV-7 remains one of the least studied members of all human betaherpesviruses. In addition, HHV-7-related research is mostly confined to case reports, while in vitro or in vivo studies unraveling basic virology, transmission mechanisms, and viral pathogenesis are sparse. Here, we discuss HHV-7- related literature linking clinical syndromes to the viral life cycle, epidemiology, and viral immunopathogenesis. Based on our review, we propose a hypothetical model of HHV-7 pathogenesis inside its host. Furthermore, we identify important knowledge gaps and recommendations for future research to better understand HHV-7 diseases and improve therapeutic interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This review reveals the role of linear economy prevalence and mismanagement practices in plastic pollution of aquatic and terrestrial environments and related knowledge gaps in Romania while outlining downstream and upstream solutions to reduce plastic pollution and adopt circular economy strategies. Thus, the major aim of this study is the investigation of the stage of scientific knowledge concerning all these demands in the Romanian context. Methodology: This work integrates two main approaches: (i) a bibliometric analysis fed by Web of Science and Scopus databases to reveal the current coverage of peer-reviewed literature related to plastic waste in Romania and (ii) a subject-based review to underline the main themes related to plastic waste management, plastic pollution, and mitigating options in Romania in line with circular economy principles. Results: Reducing plastic pollution requires scientific knowledge, multi-sectoral cooperation, and societal awareness. Following this, the topics of plastic waste and plastic pollution appeared to be under-investigated in the literature considering Romania as a case study and concentrated around the 2020 year, emphasizing, in this way, the trendiness of plastic waste concerns and their management in the current research landscape. Our analysis points out that: (i) Romania is facing massive plastic pollution requiring solid improvements in waste management performances; (ii) few peer-reviewed research studies are performed in Romania for both macro and microplastic concerns with unknown pollution levels in most of its geographical regions; (iii) the plastic waste management is still understudied here, while waste statistics are poorly available at local levels; (iv) the perspectives of circular economy transition are still limited, feeding the plastic pollution in the coming years. Conclusions: Several knowledge gaps are identified and must be covered by future research such as (i) adjusting mismanaged plastic waste levels to regional waste management performances and determining littering rates in urban and rural areas to improve the plastic pollution modeling inputs; (ii) examining plastic pollution associated with landfill sites and waste imports; (iii) assessing the sectoral contributions to macro and microplastic pollution of aquatic environments related to municipalities, tourist destinations, agriculture, etc.; (iv) determining retention levels of plastic in river basins and role of riparian vegetation; (v) analyzing microplastics presence in all types of freshwater environments and interlinkage between macroplastic fragmentation and microplastic; (vi) assessing the plastic loads of transboundary rivers related to mismanagement practices; (vii) determining concentrations of microplastics in air, soil, and other land use ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monitoring the extent to which invasive alien species (IAS) negatively impact the environment is crucial for understanding and mitigating biological invasions. Indeed, such information is vital for achieving Target 6 of the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. However, to-date indicators for tracking the environmental impacts of IAS have been either lacking or insufficient. Capitalizing on advances in data availability and impact assessment protocols, we developed environmental impact indicators to track realized and potential impacts of IAS. We also developed an information status indicator to assess the adequacy of the data underlying the impact indicators. We used data on 75 naturalized amphibians from 82 countries to demonstrate the indicators at a global scale. The information status indicator shows variation in the reliability of the data and highlights areas where absence of impact should be interpreted with caution. Impact indicators show that growth in potential impacts are dominated by predatory species, while potential impacts from both predation and disease transmission are distributed worldwide. Using open access data, the indicators are reproducible and adaptable across scales and taxa and can be used to assess global trends and distributions of IAS, assisting authorities in prioritizing control efforts and identifying areas at risk of future invasions. This article is part of the theme issue 'Ecological novelty and planetary stewardship: biodiversity dynamics in a transforming biosphere'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. As faculty developers enter the field and grow in their roles, how do they keep up with ongoing changes and ensure that their knowledge remains relevant and up-to-date? In contrast to most of the studies which focused on the needs of faculty members, we focus on the needs of those who fulfill the needs of others. We highlight the knowledge gap and lack of adaptation of the field to consider the issue of professional development of faculty developers more broadly by studying how they identify their knowledge gaps and what approaches they use to address those gaps. The discussion of this problem sheds light on the professional development of faculty developers and offers several implications for practice and research. Our own piece of the solution indicates that faculty developers follow a multimodal approach to the development of their knowledge, including formal and informal approaches to addressing perceived gaps. Within this multimodal approach, our results suggest that the professional growth and learning of faculty developers is best characterized as a social practice. Based on our research, it would seem worthwhile for those in the field to become more intentional about the professional development of faculty developers and harness aspects of social learning in that process to better reflect faculty developers' learning habits. We also recommend applying these aspects more broadly to, in turn, enhance the development of educational knowledge and educational practices for the faculty members these educators support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Adopting a scoping review method, we examined peer‐reviewed academic papers published about human–lion conflict (HLC) (including coexistence) and identified knowledge gaps. We searched papers published between January 1981 and December 2023 using academic databases, with the key terms African lion, human–lion conflict, human–lion coexistence, and human–lion interaction. This produced 485 records, reduced to 137 after using additional criteria. Ninety‐eight papers were focused on lions in Kenya, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, and Botswana. Ten pan‐African studies were identified in our review. Our inductive analysis identified four themes related to HLC: attitudes and perceptions toward lions, causes of HLC, consequences of HLC, and mitigating HLC. Some limitations identified in systematic reviews of human–wildlife conflict have been addressed in recent years, such as broadening the geographical scale of research. However, some knowledge gaps remain, including a lack of assessment of mitigation strategies and studies on climate changes impact on human–lion conflict. Addressing the knowledge gaps highlighted in this review will require diversifying the disciplinary composition of the research teams and increasing researcher reflexivity.

Background: Despite enormous attempts to stop the spread of tuberculosis (TB), TB continues to be a major global public health concern. A crucial group for influencing future public health understanding and policies is represented by students. Even though TB is a well-known disease, students’ misunderstandings and knowledge gaps might undermine successful TB control initiatives. This study aimed to identify student’s TB misconceptions and its impact on public health. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to explore researches focused on TB knowledge among students. Common themes from the chosen studies, such as knowledge of TB, its transmission, symptoms, risk factors and preventive methods were examined. We looked at how these information gaps can affect public health measures. The review revealed substantial gaps in students' knowledge of TB. Many students lacked a thorough understanding of TB symptoms, risk factors, and transmission. TB-related myths and stigma were also widely held. There is a need for educational initiatives, given the lack of understanding regarding TB prevention and potential therapies. The impression of tuberculosis (TB) as a past illness rather than a present-day hazard was also noticed, underscoring the demand for a revised public health message. The identified gaps regarding TB among students highlight the necessity of specialized educational efforts. Students can become champions for TB prevention and control by including TB-related issues in educational curriculum, workshops, and awareness campaigns. Wider spread of factual information can be facilitated by utilizing digital platforms and interactive teaching tools.

Background: Breast cancer awareness and early detection are critical for reducing the global burden of the disease. This study assessed breast cancer awareness among women in a high-altitude sub-Himalayan region of North India. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among women attending the gynecology outpatient clinic in a district hospital. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on breast cancer knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Participants received posttest health education and counseling on breast cancer prevention strategies. Result: The study included 188 participants with a mean age of 31.0 ± 8.8 years. The findings revealed inadequate knowledge about breast cancer among a significant portion of the cohort. Misconceptions about risk factors, such as breastfeeding, oral contraceptive use, and past wrongdoings, were observed. Only half of the participants believed early-stage breast cancer could be effectively treated. Limited awareness of screening methods, including self-breast examination and mammography, was noted. Barriers to breast self-examination (BSE) included considering it unnecessary and lacking knowledge about its execution. Conclusion: This study highlights insufficient breast cancer awareness in the high-altitude sub-Himalayan region. Targeted interventions, including health campaigns and electronic media, should be prioritized to improve knowledge and promote early detection practices.

Soil plays a central role in most aspects of human societies, and there is a large body of literature about sustainable soil management. Nevertheless, soil is currently facing degradation arising from different threats, which undermines sustainable development globally. In order to design effective research and policy strategies, it is necessary to identify the current knowledge level about sustainable soil management. This study summarises the key findings from a systematic stocktake of available knowledge about agricultural soil management practices in 23 European countries, which included the identification of soil management practices in use, the associated impacts and the soil challenges addressed. The aim of the study was to understand the current state of knowledge about the impacts of soil management practices, investigated and/or implemented across Europe. The results were analysed at the European level and were also grouped into European Regions and Environmental Zones. Key findings from this study were the identification of knowledge gaps that are key to climate mitigation and adaptation. There is a knowledge gap about soil management practices to avoid greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural soils, as the few reported studies evidence the complexity of the processes governing these emissions. Further knowledge is needed on the impact of tillage practices on long‐term carbon storage and distribution along the soil profile, as the reported knowledge was not consensual about carbon storage in deeper soil layers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We are increasingly surrounded by systems connecting us with the digital world and facilitating our life by supporting our work, leisure, activities at home, health, and so on. These systems are pressed by two forces. On the one side, they operate in environments that are increasingly challenging due to uncertainty and uncontrollability. On the other side, they need to evolve, often in a continuous fashion, to meet changing needs, to offer new functionalities, or also to fix emerging failures. To make the picture even more complex, these systems rarely work in isolation and often need to collaborate with other systems, as well as humans. All such facets call for moving their validation during operation, as offered by approaches called testing in the field. In this article, we observe that even the field-based testing approaches should change over time to follow and adapt to the changes and evolution of collaborating systems or environments or users' behaviors. We provide a taxonomy of this new category of testing that we call self-adaptive testing in the field (SATF), together with a reference architecture for SATF approaches. To achieve this objective, we surveyed the literature and collected feedback and contributions from experts in the domain via a questionnaire and interviews. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Very little is known about the status of autism research in Central Asia. The purpose of this scoping review was to examine the scope and focus of the peer-reviewed research studies conducted with autistic people and their families in five Central Asian countries—Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. The electronic databases of EBSCO Host and Web of Science were used for systematic search of literature. Eleven articles that met eligibility criteria were included in the review and analyzed for topics and research areas outlined in the Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee Strategic Plan. Ten of these studies were conducted in Kazakhstan and one in Uzbekistan using qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods research designs. Five of the seven research areas—Diagnosis, Biology, Risk Factors, Services, and Treatment and Interventions—were represented in these studies, while there were no studies identified in the areas of Lifespan Issues or Infrastructure and Surveillance, highlighting a gap in research. None of the studies reported co-authorship of scientists from Central Asian countries. The review identified knowledge gaps and research needs to guide future research in autism in Central Asia to address the needs of autistic individuals and their families living in this region. Very little is known about the status of autism research in Central Asia. Through the library databases, we identified and reviewed 11 scientific studies conducted with autistic people and their families in five Central Asian countries—Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. Of the 11 studies, 10 were conducted in Kazakhstan and 1 in Uzbekistan. Within these limited number of research studies, different topics such as diagnosis, risk factors of autism, biology, and various service and intervention areas were addressed. We identified several knowledge gaps and research priorities to address the needs of autistic people, their families, and professionals in Central Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Breast cancer awareness and early detection are critical for reducing the global burden of the disease. This study assessed breast cancer awareness among women in a high-altitude sub-Himalayan region of North India. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among women attending the gynecology outpatient clinic in a district hospital. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on breast cancer knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Participants received posttest health education and counseling on breast cancer prevention strategies. Result: The study included 188 participants with a mean age of 31.0 ± 8.8 years. The findings revealed inadequate knowledge about breast cancer among a significant portion of the cohort. Misconceptions about risk factors, such as breastfeeding, oral contraceptive use, and past wrongdoings, were observed. Only half of the participants believed early-stage breast cancer could be effectively treated. Limited awareness of screening methods, including self-breast examination and mammography, was noted. Barriers to breast self-examination (BSE) included considering it unnecessary and lacking knowledge about its execution. Conclusion: This study highlights insufficient breast cancer awareness in the high-altitude sub-Himalayan region. Targeted interventions, including health campaigns and electronic media, should be prioritized to improve knowledge and promote early detection practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Minimal invasive surgical techniques have gained prominence for their safety and efficiency compared to traditional open surgeries. These techniques, including laparoscopy and robotic-assisted surgery, offer advantages such as reduced postoperative pain and shorter hospital stays. However, successful adoption relies on extensive training and knowledge among surgical residents. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional survey study was conducted among surgical residents in Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India. Stratified random sampling ensured representation from government and private healthcare institutions. A structured questionnaire collected data on demographic information, knowledge levels, training experiences, and perceived knowledge gaps. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Among 50 participants, 80% received formal training, 70% attended workshops/seminars, and 96% observed live surgeries in minimally invasive techniques. However, only 60% had hands-on experience. Perceived knowledge gaps included lack of hands-on training (24%), limited exposure to complex cases (36%), and difficulty in applying techniques (24%). Knowledge levels improved with years of residency, which is consistent with Indian studies. Conclusion: Addressing knowledge gaps and enhancing training in minimally invasive surgery is essential for surgical residents in Muzaffarpur. Increasing hands-on opportunities, diverse case exposure, and mentorship programs can improve proficiency and patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Our goal was to summarize and contextualize the available literature on alpine ski racing injury epidemiology, injury etiology, injury prevention measures, injury prevention context, and implementation issues. Materials and Methods: We searched four electronic databases using predetermined search terms. We included original studies that assessed injury, injury risk factors, and injury mechanisms, and assessed and reported the effect of an injury prevention measure in alpine ski racing. Two authors independently conducted title–abstract screening, and one performed the full‐text review. For data synthesis and categorization, we used the Translating Research into the Injury Prevention Practice framework and a modified and adapted version of the Haddon matrix. Results: Of the 157 included studies, most corresponded to injury epidemiology and etiology, whereas few studies encompassed injury prevention measure development, implementation and evaluation. Preventive interventions targeting equipment, rules and regulations, course design and snow preparation were the most prevalent in the literature. Furthermore, various contextual factors in the current literature have been found, including gender, competition level, countries and federations, and time periods within a season. Conclusions: We provided an in‐depth and comprehensive overview of the current state‐of‐the‐art in the alpine ski racing context. We know a lot about little and little about a lot across all the areas associated with injury prevention in such context. The limitations in the literature yield a road map for designing future injury prevention studies to address the key gaps identified. A more comprehensive context‐driven approach throughout all stages of injury prevention would benefit the ultimate implementation of effective preventive strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As small poikilotherms, insects are largely dependent on their environment for thermoregulation and so are particularly vulnerable to changing temperatures.Butterflies are a well‐studied group often used as models to investigate insect responses to temperature. However, little has been done to synthesise and present this large volume of literature in an accessible format, particularly with reference to knowledge gaps and areas rich in information. Using a systematic mapping method, we synthesised the last 40 years of research on the topic of butterfly responses to temperature.We identified and coded 451 research papers, in which butterfly species were studied 3198 times. We identified taxonomic groups, regions and experimental designs that were well or poorly represented.We found that there was a relatively good balance of representation across butterfly families in relation to the number of species within each family. The tropics were less frequently studied than temperate regions, and there were more studies reporting outcomes on adults than at any other life stage. Finally, in situ studies were more common than ex situ studies.Taken together, the higher representation of certain regions, life stages and approaches could lead to an incomplete understanding of the impacts of temperature on butterflies, potentially resulting in ill‐informed decisions.We make suggestions for how to resolve these discrepancies in representation, including calling for an increased focus on the tropics, the establishment of butterfly monitoring schemes in the global south, a greater focus on the effects of temperature on non‐adult life stages, an increase in experiments investigating fluctuating thermal regimes and the incorporation of more behavioural responses to temperature in future research. Only by addressing these disparities can we gain a complete understanding of how butterflies will respond to climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background This review reveals the role of linear economy prevalence and mismanagement practices in plastic pollution of aquatic and terrestrial environments and related knowledge gaps in Romania while outlining downstream and upstream solutions to reduce plastic pollution and adopt circular economy strategies. Thus, the major aim of this study is the investigation of the stage of scientific knowledge concerning all these demands in the Romanian context. Methodology This work integrates two main approaches: (i) a bibliometric analysis fed by Web of Science and Scopus databases to reveal the current coverage of peer-reviewed literature related to plastic waste in Romania and (ii) a subject-based review to underline the main themes related to plastic waste management, plastic pollution, and mitigating options in Romania in line with circular economy principles. Results Reducing plastic pollution requires scientific knowledge, multi-sectoral cooperation, and societal awareness. Following this, the topics of plastic waste and plastic pollution appeared to be under-investigated in the literature considering Romania as a case study and concentrated around the 2020 year, emphasizing, in this way, the trendiness of plastic waste concerns and their management in the current research landscape. Our analysis points out that: (i) Romania is facing massive plastic pollution requiring solid improvements in waste management performances; (ii) few peer-reviewed research studies are performed in Romania for both macro and microplastic concerns with unknown pollution levels in most of its geographical regions; (iii) the plastic waste management is still understudied here, while waste statistics are poorly available at local levels; (iv) the perspectives of circular economy transition are still limited, feeding the plastic pollution in the coming years. Conclusions Several knowledge gaps are identified and must be covered by future research such as (i) adjusting mismanaged plastic waste levels to regional waste management performances and determining littering rates in urban and rural areas to improve the plastic pollution modeling inputs; (ii) examining plastic pollution associated with landfill sites and waste imports; (iii) assessing the sectoral contributions to macro and microplastic pollution of aquatic environments related to municipalities, tourist destinations, agriculture, etc.; (iv) determining retention levels of plastic in river basins and role of riparian vegetation; (v) analyzing microplastics presence in all types of freshwater environments and interlinkage between macroplastic fragmentation and microplastic; (vi) assessing the plastic loads of transboundary rivers related to mismanagement practices; (vii) determining concentrations of microplastics in air, soil, and other land use ecosystems.

Abstract Latin American and the Caribbean regions (LAC) harbor one of the most biodiverse areas of the world, the Neotropics. True bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) are a diverse lineage of insects, with more than 45,000 species, particularly speciose in the Neotropical region. True bugs are fundamental in the dynamics of natural and modified ecosystems, with several species critical to agriculture and public health. We compiled Heteroptera research in LAC from 1998–2022 using bibliographic databases. Productivity, collaborative networks, and the main topics studied were analyzed. A total of 1,651 Heteroptera studies from LAC were found, with continuous growth being 2021 the most prolific. Four categories (Taxonomy of extant species, Faunistic inventories and new records, Pest species biology, and Community ecology) represent most of the published research. About 60 percent of the records evaluated correspond to five families (Pentatomidae, Reduviidae, Coreidae, Miridae, and Rhyparochromidae). We emphasize the need to keep working on Heteroptera taxonomy because it will allow further advances in other areas such as phylogenetic analyses, biogeography, ecology, and natural history, among others. The results of our analyses characterize the current state of heteropterology in the region, establishing a baseline for future studies and efforts to broaden the knowledge of the group.

Are children and adults sensitive to gaps in their knowledge, and do they actively elicit information to resolve such knowledge gaps? In a cross-situational word learning task, we asked 5-year-olds, 6- to 9-year-olds and adults to estimate their knowledge of newly learned word–object associations. We then examined whether participants preferentially sampled objects they reported not knowing the label in order to hear their labels again. We also examined whether such uncertainty-driven sampling behaviour led to improved learning. We found that all age groups were sensitive to gaps in their knowledge of the word–object associations, i.e. were more likely to say they had correctly indicated the label of an object when they were correct, relative to when they were incorrect. Furthermore, 6- to 9-year-olds and adults—but not 5-year-olds—were more likely to sample objects whose labels they reported not knowing. In other words, older children and adults displayed sampling behaviour directed at reducing knowledge gaps and uncertainty, while younger children did not. However, participants who displayed more uncertainty-driven sampling behaviour were not more accurate at test. Our findings underscore the role of uncertainty in driving 6- to 9-year-olds’ and adults’ sampling behaviour and speak to the mechanisms underlying previously reported performance boosts in active learning.

Abstract Background The growth of urban dwelling populations globally has led to rapid increases of research and policy initiatives addressing associations between the built environment and physical activity (PA). Given this rapid proliferation, it is important to identify priority areas and research questions for moving the field forward. The objective of this study was to identify and compare research priorities on the built environment and PA among researchers and knowledge users (e.g., policy makers, practitioners). Methods Between September 2022 and April 2023, a three-round, modified Delphi survey was conducted among two independent panels of international researchers (n = 38) and knowledge users (n = 23) to identify similarities and differences in perceived research priorities on the built environment and PA and generate twin ‘top 10’ lists of the most important research needs. Results From a broad range of self-identified issues, both panels ranked in common the most pressing research priorities including stronger study designs such as natural experiments, research that examines inequalities and inequities, establishing the cost effectiveness of interventions, safety and injuries related to engagement in active transportation (AT), and considerations for climate change and climate adaptation. Additional priorities identified by researchers included: implementation science, research that incorporates Indigenous perspectives, land-use policies, built environments that support active aging, and participatory research. Additional priorities identified by knowledge users included: built environments and PA among people living with disabilities and a need for national data on trip chaining, multi-modal travel, and non-work or school-related AT. Conclusions Five common research priorities between the two groups emerged, including (1) to better understand causality, (2) interactions with the natural environment, (3) economic evaluations, (4) social disparities, and (5) preventable AT-related injuries. The findings may help set directions for future research, interdisciplinary and intersectoral collaborations, and funding opportunities.

BACKGROUND: Testicular cancer poses a substantial health burden globally, and early detection through testicular self-examination (TSE) is vital for improving prognosis. The study aims to assess the perception, awareness, knowledge, and factors associated with TSE among Saudi nursing students. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A structured questionnaire was distributed to 418 participants. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and t-tests. RESULTS: On average, the participants’ self-confidence in their knowledge to perform TSE was 6.18 (±3.3) out of 10. The majority of participants held misconceptions about TSE, perceiving it as painful (91.86%) and embarrassing (52.39%). The mean of correct awareness and knowledge levels of participants about steps in performing TSE was 9.2 (SD = ±3.6) out of 21. On average, the correct perception of TC and TSE was 11.73 (±4.11) out of 20. Significant relationships emerged between TSE performance and factors such as being married (P = 0.043), having good or less health status (P = 0.015), being a tobacco user (P = 0.039), having a medical problem with testicles (P = 0.005) or family history of TC (P = 0.007), has been learned about TSE (P = 0.002), high-grade point average (P = 0.012), had high self-confidence to perform TSE (P = 0.033), and had correct perception about TC and TSE (P = 0.037), had correct awareness about TSE (P = 0.021), had motivated factors that influencing to practice of TSE (P = 0.003), and had correct awareness and knowledge levels of participants about steps in performing TSE (P = 0.002). CONCLUSION: The study underscores the need for targeted educational interventions and curriculum enhancements to dispel misconceptions, improve awareness, and promote accurate TSE practices among nursing students. Public health campaigns are recommended to address barriers and normalize TSE.

ABSTRACT: Objectives: To identify and summarize existing global knowledge gaps on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in human health, focusing on the World Health Organization (WHO) bacterial priority pathogens, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and selected fungi. Methods: We conducted a scoping review of gray and peer-reviewed literature, published in English from January 2012 through December 2021, that reported on the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and care of drug-resistant infections. We extracted relevant knowledge gaps and, through an iterative process, consolidated those into thematic research questions. Results: Of 8409 publications screened, 1156 were included, including 225 (19.5%) from low- and middle-income countries. A total of 2340 knowledge gaps were extracted, in the following areas: antimicrobial research and development, AMR burden and drivers, resistant tuberculosis, antimicrobial stewardship, diagnostics, infection prevention and control, antimicrobial consumption and use data, immunization, sexually transmitted infections, AMR awareness and education, policies and regulations, fungi, water sanitation and hygiene, and foodborne diseases. The knowledge gaps were consolidated into 177 research questions, including 78 (44.1%) specifically relevant to low- and middle-income countries and 65 (36.7%) targeting vulnerable populations. Conclusion: This scoping review presents the most comprehensive compilation of AMR-related knowledge gaps to date, informing a priority-setting exercise to develop the WHO Global AMR Research Agenda for the human health sector.

Healthy soil is vital for our wellbeing and wealth. However, increasing demand for food and biomass may lead to unsustainable soil and land management practices that threaten soils. Other degradation processes such as soil sealing also endanger soil resources. Identifying and accessing the best available knowledge is crucial to address related sustainability issues and promote the needed transition towards sustainable soil and land management practices. Such knowledge has to cover all knowledge domains, system knowledge, target knowledge, and transformation knowledge. However, a comprehensive overview of existing research addressing societal needs related to soil is still missing, which hinders the identification of knowledge gaps. This study provides a detailed analysis of scientific literature to identify ongoing research activities and trends. A quantitative and qualitative analysis of scientific literature related to sustainable soil and land management was conducted. A systems-oriented analytical framework was used that combines soil and land related societal challenges with related knowledge domains. Our analysis revealed a significant increase in scientific publications and related interest in soil and land use-related research, above the average increase of publications within all scientific fields. Different forms of reduction and remediation of soil degradation processes (e.g. erosion, contamination) have been studied most extensively. Other topic areas like land take mitigation, soil biodiversity increase, increase of ecosystem services provision and climate change mitigation and adaption seem to be rather recent concerns, less investigated. We could highlight the importance of context-specific research, as different regions require different practices. For instance, boreal, tropical, karst and peatland regions were less studied. Furthermore, we found that diversifying soil management practices such as agroforestry or including livestock into arable systems are valuable options for increasing biomass, mitigating/adapting to climate change, and improving soil related ecosystem services. A recent trend towards the latter research topic indicates the transition from a soil conservation-oriented perspective to a soil serviceoriented perspective, which may be better suited to integrate the social and economic dimensions of soil health improvement alongside the ecological dimension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The growth of urban dwelling populations globally has led to rapid increases of research and policy initiatives addressing associations between the built environment and physical activity (PA). Given this rapid proliferation, it is important to identify priority areas and research questions for moving the field forward. The objective of this study was to identify and compare research priorities on the built environment and PA among researchers and knowledge users (e.g., policy makers, practitioners). Methods: Between September 2022 and April 2023, a three-round, modified Delphi survey was conducted among two independent panels of international researchers (n = 38) and knowledge users (n = 23) to identify similarities and differences in perceived research priorities on the built environment and PA and generate twin 'top 10' lists of the most important research needs. Results: From a broad range of self-identified issues, both panels ranked in common the most pressing research priorities including stronger study designs such as natural experiments, research that examines inequalities and inequities, establishing the cost effectiveness of interventions, safety and injuries related to engagement in active transportation (AT), and considerations for climate change and climate adaptation. Additional priorities identified by researchers included: implementation science, research that incorporates Indigenous perspectives, land-use policies, built environments that support active aging, and participatory research. Additional priorities identified by knowledge users included: built environments and PA among people living with disabilities and a need for national data on trip chaining, multi-modal travel, and non-work or school-related AT. Conclusions: Five common research priorities between the two groups emerged, including (1) to better understand causality, (2) interactions with the natural environment, (3) economic evaluations, (4) social disparities, and (5) preventable AT-related injuries. The findings may help set directions for future research, interdisciplinary and intersectoral collaborations, and funding opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]