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Between January and August 2024, mpox cases have been reported in nearly all provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Monkeypox virus genome sequences were obtained from 11 mpox cases samples, collected in July-August 2024 in several health zones of Kinshasa. Characterisation of the sequences showed subclades Ia and Ib co-circulating in the Limete health zone, while phylogenetic analyses suggested multiple introductions of the two subclades in Kinshasa. This illustrates the growing complexity of Clade I mpox outbreaks in DRC.

AbstractMany African cities have been experiencing a digital transformation over the past few years. As people become more familiar with digital tools, particularly smartphones, in their daily lives, their uses and practices in terms of mobility are also evolving. This paper aims to explore the impact of smartphones and digital platforms on mobility capacities by targeting students at the University of Kinshasa (UNIKIN). The methodological approach combines observations and semi-structured interviews with fifty-two students, as well as fifteen experts involved in the field of mobility and transport. The results of our study reveal that students in Kinshasa have constantly adapted complex mobility behaviour, that result from challenging transport conditions and relatively high insecurity in public space. In contrast to observations in other African cities, this study reveals limited adoption of digital tools and navigation applications among the students, mainly due to the lack of digitally-enabled transport services, their high cost, and the context of perceived insecurity in public space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although cutaneous mycoses are a global public health problem, very few data are available in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Objectives: This study aimed to describe the retrospective clinical epidemiology of dermatomycosis and their associated risk factors in dermatological consultations in Kinshasa, DRC. Methods: A retrospective study based on the medical records of patients seen in the departments of dermatology of 2 major hospitals in Kinshasa from March 2000 to August 2023 was carried out. The diagnosis of the various types of dermatomycoses was established based on the dermatologist's clinical examination. Patient demographic and clinical data were collected for study purposes. Results: Of 27,439 patients consulted at the two sites, 1142 were diagnosed with dermatomycosis (4.16%). Young women aged 27 (17–43) were most affected. Diagnosed patients shared a history of skin mycoses (26%), use of skin‐lightening products (19%) and diabetes mellitus (9.6%). Among these patients, 59.3% suffered from dermatophytosis (tinea), 39.1% from malassesiosis and 1.2% from candidal dermatosis. While tinea was predominantly found in children (81.88%, p < 0.001), pruritus and pain in the lesions were preferentially reported by the dermatophytosis patients [65.25% (p < 0.001) and 79.1% (p < 0.001), respectively]. Tinea corporis (45.5%), tinea capitis (20.4%), tinea pedis (19.3%) and onychomycosis (10.2%) were the main nosological entities in the dermatophytosis group, and their distribution on the body surface depended on patients' age (p < 0.001) and sex (p = 0.012). Conclusions: Dominated by dermatophytosis, dermatomycosis are frequent in dermatological consultations in Kinshasa. While clinical diagnosis remains an important element in the description of dermatomycosis, a better epidemiological understanding would also require biological identification of the fungi involved, which was lacking in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Grace Réjane Masamba,1,2 Jerôme Sokolo Gedikondele,1 Benjamin Longo-Mbenza,3– 5 Mireille Solange Nganga Nkanga,6 Richard Matanda Nzanza,1,2 Thierry Matonda-ma-Nzuzi,7 Jean Ikanga,8 Augustin Nge Okwe,3 Gabriel Lema Mabwaka,1 Héritier Mawalala Malengele,3,9 Cédrick Nangi Mampuya,1 Damien Lumbu Malundama1 1Department of Specialties, Otolaryngology Department, University Clinics of Kinshasa, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; 2Faculty of Medicine, Protestant University of Congo, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; 3Department of Public Health, Lomo University of Research, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; 4Cardiology Service, Cliniques Universitaires de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; 5Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South Africa; 6Department of medical biology, clinical biology service, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; 7Department of psychiatry, Child psychiatry service, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; 8Department of psychiatry, Neuropsychology service, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; 9Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Kinshasa University Clinics, Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of CongoCorrespondence: Benjamin Longo-Mbenza, Faculty of Health Science, Mthatha, South Africa, Tel +243 814396257, Email longombenza@gmail.comContext: Several data from the literature have focused on the relationship between congenital sensorineural hearing loss, as well as acquired hearing loss, and their impact on cognition and the risk of dementia. However, few studies have been conducted on this subject in countries where access to hearing rehabilitation measures is limited. Thus, the objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between sensorineural hearing loss and cognitive disorders in a correlational approach.Methods: This is a cross-sectional and analytical study conducted in the ENT department of the Center for the Disabled (visual, auditory, and mental) “Village Bondeko”, from June to September 2023, involving 150 adults (≥ 20 years) with acquired sensorineural hearing loss; without a history of neuropsychic disorders. Sensorineural hearing loss was confirmed by tonal threshold audiometry and characterized according to WHO criteria; cognitive disorders were defined according to the MoCA scale.Results: In total, 150 adults, including 78 men and 72 women, were collected in the present study. The average age was 54.11 ± 20 years, with extremes ranging from 20 to 87 years. In univariate analysis, there was a significant association (p< 0.0001) between the degree of hearing loss and cognitive disorders. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) comparing the means demonstrated a very significant correlation (p ˂ 0.0001) between the decline in cognitive functions and the severity of hearing impairment. The low level of education, marital status, and cardiovascular risk factors were associated with cognitive disorders; however, no association was demonstrated between advancing age, gender, socioeconomic status, and cognitive disorders in the study population.Conclusion: The present study has demonstrated the existence of an association between sensorineural hearing loss and cognitive disorders, involving a multidisciplinary and early management of sensorineural hearing loss.Keywords: sensorineural hearing loss, cognition, Kinshasa, Village Bondeko

Abstract Background Hypertension is one of the main risk factors for cardiovascular disease impacting over a billion people worldwide. Work environment factors could adversely affect workers’ cardiovascular health, including contributing to hypertension. Healthcare workers who treat patients are also affected. In the Democratic Republic of Congo, limited studies explored the work environment factors associated with hypertension. This study aimed to examine hypertension prevalence and determine the associated risk factors among healthcare workers in Kinshasa. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Kinshasa’s healthcare facilities from December 2023 to January 2024 among healthcare workers selected by multistage stratified random sampling. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire using a modified WHO STEPwise approach and Karasek questionnaire. Anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, and fasting blood sugar were measured. The prevalence of hypertension was assessed. All sociodemographic, occupational, and lifestyle variables associated with hypertension were included in multivariable logistic regression analysis at the 5% significance level. Results The study encompassed 614 participants, comprising 55.2% females and 44.8% males. The mean age of participants was 38.8 ± 10.4 years, ranging from 20 to 78 years. The prevalence of hypertension was 22.6% and over half of those with hypertension (56.1%) were unaware of their condition. Of the known hypertensive participants before the study, 60.7% had uncontrolled blood pressure. In the multivariable analysis, identified risk factors for hypertension were age ≥ 40 years (aOR = 2.75, 95% CI: 1.64–4.61), seniority ≥ 10 years (aOR = 2.65, 95% CI: 1.54–4.58), multiple job holding (aOR = 3.11, 95% CI: 1.81–5.34), job stress (aOR = 1.84, 95% CI: 1.17–2.89), physical inactivity (aOR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.03–2.68), overweight (aOR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.06–2.90) and obesity (aOR = 3.75, 95% CI: 2.10–6.70). Conclusion Our results underline an important prevalence of hypertension among healthcare workers in Kinshasa, despite their medical knowledge of the causes and the risks. A healthy lifestyle among healthcare workers is fundamental for ensuring the efficiency and productivity of the healthcare system. Regulating multiple job holding and implementing a hypertension prevention intervention encompassing their holistic support is crucial for reducing job stress and promoting well-being.

Introduction: Food insecurity is a vital issue, especially in places such as Kinshasa. Additionally, food insecurity has been worsened by the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Thus, this study examined food insecurity in Kinshasa after the peak of the pandemic to understand the impact of post-pandemic recovery efforts as well as the heterogeneity of this problem according to the residence of respondent (slum vs. non-slum areas). Methods: Grounded in the four key dimensions of food security (availability, access, vulnerability, and utilization), this cross-sectional study was conducted in Kinshasa with a representative sample of 2170 households selected from 62 enumeration areas. We used a questionnaire to interview participants about their food situations. Interviews were conducted with the head of each household or their designated representative by 150 master's students using tablets powered by the SurveyCTO application. Household food security status was evaluated using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale. A logistic regression model was developed to assess household risk factors associated with food insecurity. Results: Most people we talked to were over 40 years old, and many lived in households with fewer than six people. About a third of the households were overcrowded. The prevalence of food insecurity was 76.5% (95%CI: 74.6–78.3). Factors associated with food insecurity included being a household head aged over 50 years, insufficient living space, lower socioeconomic status, and residing in slum areas (AOR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.06–1.79). Conclusions: Vulnerable groups, such as slum residents, older adults, and informal workers are more likely to be affected by food insecurity. Addressing these challenges requires the government to develop targeted strategies that bolster resilience and mitigate household vulnerability during crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The urban landscape of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo, faces significant mobility challenges, primarily stemming from rapid urbanization, overpopulation, and outdated infrastructure. These challenges necessitate the exploration of modern smart mobility concepts to improve traffic flow, road safety, and sustainability. This study investigates the potential of solutions such as Mobility-as-a-Service, car sharing, micro-mobility, Vehicle-as-a-Service, and electric vehicles in addressing these challenges. Through a comparative analysis of global implementations, this research identifies key success factors and barriers that inform the feasibility of integrating these solutions into Kinshasa's unique socio-political and infrastructural context. The study presents a conceptual framework, supported by stakeholder analysis, for adapting these solutions locally. A detailed feasibility analysis considers technological, economic, social, environmental, and regulatory factors, offering a clear roadmap for implementation. Drawing on lessons from cities facing similar urban mobility challenges, the paper concludes with actionable recommendations and insights for policymakers and urban planners in Kinshasa. This research not only highlights the viability of smart mobility solutions in Kinshasa but also contributes to the broader discourse on sustainable urban development in rapidly growing cities. While smart mobility studies have largely focused on cities with developed infrastructure, there is a gap in understanding how these solutions apply to cities like Kinshasa with different infrastructural and socio-political contexts. Previous research has often overlooked the challenges of integrating smart mobility in rapidly urbanizing cities with underdeveloped transportation systems and financial constraints. This study fills that gap by offering a feasibility analysis tailored to Kinshasa, assessing smart mobility solutions for its traffic congestion and road safety issues. The smart mobility solutions studied—Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS), car sharing, electric vehicles (EVs), and micro-mobility—were chosen for their ability to address Kinshasa's key mobility challenges. MaaS reduces reliance on private vehicles, easing congestion and improving public transport. Car sharing offers affordable alternatives to vehicle ownership, essential in a city with income inequality. EVs align with sustainability goals by reducing emissions, while micro-mobility (bikes and e-scooters) improves last-mile connectivity, addressing public transit gaps. These solutions are adaptable to Kinshasa's context and offer scalable, sustainable improvements for urban mobility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Unpleasant fumes, odours, reduced visibility, health issues from pollutants, and property damage caused by dust and corrosive gases are significant challenges in urban and industrial areas. Excessive pollution poses severe risks to health, rendering some areas uninhabitable and hindering socio-economic development. Objective This study aimed to assess the atmospheric air quality in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo, by analysing chemical and biological pollution in dust collected at high-traffic intersections. Methods Sampling was conducted over 12 months in 2022, aligned with seasonal variations. Rainwater samples were collected in 500 ml plastic jars placed 5 m above ground, while dust samples were gathered from pre-selected rooftops. The concentrations of chemical pollutants in rainwater and dust were determined using molecular absorption spectrophotometry. Biological pollution was assessed by measuring organic matter in dust and cultivating diaspores from dust samples, with plant species identified using the APG III botanical classification. Results Chemical contamination of rainwater was observed with trace metals varying by site (e.g., Victoire: Hg = 0.43±0.03 mg/kg; Matadi Kibala: Hg = 0.07±0.04 mg/kg). Dust was also contaminated with trace metals (e.g., Victoire: Hg = 5.33±4 mg/kg; Kingasani: Hg = 5.33±4 mg/kg). Additionally, dust contained diaspores from 27 plant species across 16 botanical families, with higher concentrations during the dry season. Conclusion This study revealed poorer air quality in high-traffic areas in downtown Kinshasa compared to less urbanised sites like Mongata and Mbankana. Inhalation of dust and consumption of rainwater in these areas, especially during the dry season, pose health hazards, exposing residents to various diseases. Protective measures, such as mask-wearing, are crucial to safeguarding public health in areas with poor air quality.

La présente étude expose les soubassements du retranchement du contrôle social, gage de l’ordre social à Kinshasa, et en mesure son impact sur la vie quotidienne. Elle inventorie les formes d’insécurité qui en découlent et explique leur avènement comme leur récurrence par la crainte de la crainte, la lassitude des populations devenues des victimes résignées et par la torpeur dont fait montre l’autorité publique.

L’objectif poursuivi en menant cette recherche est celui de déterminer la diversité des genres au sein de Culicidae qui circulent à travers les différents Districts de la Ville Province de Kinshasa, en République Démocratique du Congo. Au total, 8 890 culicidae ont été collectés au cours de la période d’étude. Après identification morphologique, une écrasante proportion (88,80%) étaient des espèces appartenant à la sous famille de culicinés : Culex quinquefasciatus (67,50%), Culex pipiens (11,70%), Mansonia uniformis (5,80 %) et Mansonia africanus (3,80 %). Le genre Anophèles, a représenté 11,20%, de l’échantillon. Ce constat nous a conduit aux différents résultats que voici : les Anophèles gambiae sl constitue la principale espèce identifiée à travers les différents sites de Kinshasa (93,8%). En cela, les Anophèles funestus sont prépondérantes dans les sites de N’Sele (7,6%) et à Limete (6,5%). Quant aux Anophèles nili et aux Anophèles paludis, ils n’étaient identifiés que dans les sites de Maluku et de N’Sele, dans le District de la Tshangu. S’agissant des spécimens de Anophèles gambiae s.l. capturés par capture de nuit et identifiés, ont été échantillonnés plus à l’intérieur de ménages qu’à l’extérieur, indiquant ainsi une préférence de prise de repas sanguin à l’intérieur des ménages contrairement aux Anophèles nili et aux Anophèles paludis. Une différence significative a été observée entre la densité moyenne d'Anophèles gambiae s.l. capturés par HLC à l'intérieur (75,5 ±14,8) et à l'extérieur (39,2±6,1) des ménages de Kinshasa (t = 6,31 ; p=0,0001). Très peu d’Anophèles capturés à l’intérieur des ménages par la technique de Psc étaient non-nourris de sang (à jeun). D’une manière proportionnelle, l’Anophèles gambiae sl est l’espèce la plus identifiée avec le statut abdominal de « gorgé », soit 149 sur 329. La Faune Culicidienne de quatre districts de la Ville Province de Kinshasa responsable du paludisme est dominée par le complexe gambiae. Quatre espèces culicidiennes ont été répertoriées et identifiées au cours de cette étude (An. Gambiae, An. Paludis, An funestus et nilli). Le comportement trophique des moustiques circulants dans les quatre districts, a une tendance endophagique. Ce qui explique la prévalence élevée du paludisme dans la ville province de Kinshasa.

Une étude sur la topographie et les aspects environnementaux des occupations libres des terres urbaines du sud est de la Commune de Mont-Ngafula à Kinshasa a été entreprise en vue de déterminer les zones constructibles en rapport avec les principes de l’ékistique. Pour ce faire, l’étude s’est fixé deux objectifs : l’établissement de courbes de niveau sur l’ensemble de l’aire d’étude du sud-est de la Commune de Mont-Ngafula et la détermination des zones constructibles et inconstructibles. Les résultats obtenus permettent de conclure que : le sud-est de la Commune de Mont-Ngafula se caractérise par une forte concentration des courbes de niveau : 625 et 285 m d’altitude.

Comment s’opère la socialisation de la pauvreté dans les quartiers périphériques de Kinshasa ? C’est bien là, la question au centre de cette réflexion. Après analyse et interprétation des données recueillies, il est ressorti que ces enseignements comme tant d’autres marquent les esprits, libèrent les pauvres vis-à-vis des exigences de la qualité de vie. Piétiner, vivoter, stagner c’est aussi une façon de vivre, l’important, c’est rester en vie. La culture de pauvreté accepte de vivre au ralenti, de prolonger l'existence tant bien que mal. Ces populations s’en sont accoutumées et gèrent leur pauvreté grâce à leurs réseaux de relations à travers la solidarité mécanique et le précepte de la vie à tout prix. Ces relations instituent, bien que de façon informelle, des droits et des obligations de chacun et de tous. Et ainsi va la vie de génération en génération.

La lutte contre le paludisme ne constitue pas une nouvelle préoccupation dans le champ des investigations scientifiques. Plusieurs études ont été menées à ce sujet. Quant à la présente recherche, la préoccupation essentielle porte sur les stratégies mises en place et pour ce faire, apprécier le niveau d’appropriation des mécanismes de lutte contre la malaria par les Kinois, au niveau de leurs entités locales.

Le financement basé sur la performance (FBP) est un type de mécanisme de paiement du fournisseur où une incitation financière liée à la performance est accordée aux prestataires des soins. Cela implique le fait que les structures de santé sont considérées comme des organismes autonomes qui peuvent réaliser un bénéfice au profit d’objectifs de santé publique. Les études explorant la perception et l’expérience des personnels de santé sur la mise en œuvre du PBF demeurent rare en RDC et à Kinshasa en particulier. L’étude avait pour objectif d’évaluer l’expérience et la perception de personnels de santé dans l’implémentation du PBF dans les structures sanitaires au premier trimestre 2022 à Kinshasa.

Comme on le sait bien, face à la mondialisation et à la concurrence, les écoles privées cherchent de plus en plus à appliquer des principes et des outils de marketing inspirés des affaires pour mieux répondre aux pressions extérieures et fonctionner de manière plus efficace. C’est pourquoi, la présente réflexion tente d’esquisser la contribution du marketing au sein des écoles privées de la commune de Lingwala à Kinshasa

Cette étude aborde la question de la dégradation urbaine en corrélation avec la culture urbaine dans la Ville de Kinshasa, particulièrement, à Mont Ngafula. Elle se propose d’interpeler les différentes couches de la population de cette entité à se focaliser sur la dégradation de l’environnement déjà préoccupante en questionnant leurs rapports avec leur milieu afin de promouvoir les bonnes pratiques pour prévenir cette dégradation.

The aim of this research was to assess the physical self-esteem of albinos in the Democratic Republic of Congo (more specifically, those living in the city-province of Kinshasa), and to identify the most explanatory factors. With this in mind, a physical self-esteem inventory was applied to 70 albinos living in Kinshasa, members of the Mwimba Texas Association. Following the administration of this inventory, it was found that the albinos surveyed had positive physical self-esteem. This positive self-esteem manifested itself in a positive perception of: (1) overall self, (2) physical value, (3) physical appearance and (4) strength. The study of explanatory determinants made it possible to target two factors that influenced all the dimensions of the self-esteem of the subjects surveyed (support of entourage and perception of albinos by entourage).

In Kinshasa, chronic crises and lack of access to employment, quality education, and other resources contribute to the social exclusion of a growing number of disadvantaged young people. They are deprived of the possibilities of leading a decent life and alienated from both the market and legitimate authorities. Despite their social, political, and economic marginalization, many of these precarious Congolese youth have proved adept at improvising livelihoods in the informal economy and seek out ways to be agents of social change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective was to highlight the epidemiological and clinical profile of urinary incontinence in pregnant women during the first trimester and to determine their knowledge and attitudes toward this condition in Kinshasa. Methods: We carried out a descriptive cross-sectional study among 127 pregnant women who came for prenatal consultations in the first trimester from January to March 2022 at the LISANGA Medical Centre in Kinshasa. A questionnaire was developed containing the Urinary Symptom Profile (USP) scale. Kolmogorov–Smirnov normality tests were used to determine the normality of the distribution of the study variables. Inferential statistics were performed. The significance level was 0.05. Results: The mean age was 29.7±5.5 years. Thirty–eight women (29.9%) were primigravida. The median age of pregnancy was 6 weeks of amenorrhoea. The prevalence of urinary incontinence was 73.2%, with 31.2% of urge urinary incontinence and 16.1% of stress incontinence. In 61.4% of cases, overactive bladder was associated with urinary incontinence. Among the incontinent pregnant women, 3.2% had consulted a doctor while accepting that this condition is a health problem, 13.4% knew they had a pelvic floor muscle, 4.7% had knowledge of its rehabilitation, and 8.7% had benefited from gymnastics during pregnancy. Conclusions: Urinary incontinence was frequent in the first trimester of pregnancy with a predominance of urgency. It was hardly discussed during prenatal consultations and pregnant women were not aware of the pelvic floor muscle, its rehabilitation, and of gymnastics during pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polio-associated paralysis is one of the diseases under national surveillance in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Although it has become relatively rare due to control measures, non-polio paralysis cases are still reported and constitute a real problem, especially for etiological diagnosis, which is necessary for better management and response. From September 2022 to April 2023, we investigated acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) cases in Kinshasa following an alert from the Provincial Division of Health. All suspected cases and their close contacts were investigated and sampled. Among the 57 sampled patients, 21 (36.8%) were suspects, and 36 (63.2%) were contacts. We performed several etiological tests available in the laboratory, targeting viruses, including Poliovirus, Influenza virus, SARS-CoV-2, Enterovirus, and arboviruses. No virus material was detected, but the serological test (ELISA) detected antibodies against Chikungunya Virus, i.e., 47.4% (27/57) for IgM and 22.8% (13/57) for IgG. Among suspected cases, we detected 33.3% (7/21) with anti-Chikungunya IgM and 14.3% (3/21) of anti-Chikungunya IgG. These results highlight the importance of enhancing the epidemiological surveillance of Chikungunya. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Fish farming plays a major role in combating poverty and malnutrition by supplying poor populations with fish. In the Democratic Republic of Congo, Clarias gariepinus farming dates back to colonial times but remains underdeveloped due to difficulties in producing juveniles in captivity and the availability of good-quality local feed. This situation does not contribute effectively to the availability of animal proteins from fish. Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth of fry of the African catfish Clarias gariepinus Burchell, 1822, in a soilless rearing system to promote home fish production in the city of Kinshasa. Methods Rearing activities took place over 54 days between August and September 2021. The physicochemical parameters (pH, conductivity, turbidity, and temperature) of the water and the growth of the fry were monitored every ten days. A total of one hundred and fifty (150) Clarias gariepinus fry, with mean weights ranging from 1.00±0.35 g to 1.20±0.61 g and mean sizes ranging from 49.27±5.15 mm to 65.09±6.98 mm, were tested in an experimental setup using out-of-water tanks. The fry were divided into three batches and fed three times a day (8:00, 12:00, and 15:00) with three types of feed ration. Several zootechnical parameters were assessed to determine the growth of the reared fry. Results The pH, temperature, conductivity, and turbidity values recorded in the water of the tanks remained within the range required for the growth of Clarias gariepinus fry. The fry were well maintained in the experimental structures throughout the study period. The survival rate was between 86% (B1 and B3) and 88% (B2). Feed B1, composed largely of fish meal, had a greater influence on the weight (8.44±0.64 g) and linear growth (124.56±8.4 mm) of the fry than the control feed B3 (mean final weight = 5.35±0.7 g and mean final size = 105.75±5.13 mm) and feed B2 (mean final weight = 4.97±0.46 g and mean final size = 109.04±8.2 mm). Feed B1 also had a significant effect on the individual daily growth of fry (0.124 g/d) compared with feeds B2 (0.063 g/d) and B3 (0.069 g/d). The weight-total length relationship of the fry from the three batches confirms that the fish rearing system (concrete tanks) used in this study allowed the maintenance and development of the fry without negatively influencing the growth pattern of this fish species. Conclusion This study demonstrated the importance and effectiveness of the soilless culture system and the use of local feed for rearing Clarias gariepinus in the city of Kinshasa. The results of this study are of great importance for the development of fish farming in the Democratic Republic of Congo, using locally available feeds to increase the quantity of fish consumed in the country.

La présente étude qui traite de la mobilisation du secteur informel a pour objectif l’identification des causes de la faible mobilisation des recettes fiscales de l’économie souterraine. De celle-ci, il en résulte que l’absence de la culture fiscale dans le chef des propriétaires des PMES, leurs lacunes dans la comptabilité et leur faible niveau d’instructions sont autant d’obstacles en vue d’une meilleure mobilisation des recettes. Afin de booster cette mobilisation des recettes fiscales du secteur informel, la sensibilisation à la culture fiscale, l’organisation de la formation comptable et l’accroissement de la pression fiscale sont autant d’atouts qui méritent d’être encouragés.

Cette étude a porté sur les risques des activités anthropiques dans les marais de Tshangu, à Kinshasa. Son objectif général est d’analyser les risques des activités humaines telles qu’elles se réalisent dans les zones humides, de la partie orientale de la ville de Kinshasa. Les objectifs spécifiques visés portent sur : (i) l’identification de la nature des activités anthropiques réalisées dans notre dition ; (ii) l’énumération des ressources des plantes cultivées dans les sites ciblés ; (iii) la détermination des risques environnementaux liés aux activités humaines dans l’aire d’étude. Des prospections des sites ont été menées pour identifier les zones destinées à ces activités. Un échantillon de 200 individus a été tiré au hasard, soit 20 sujets par site. C’est un échantillon stratifié qui est constitué des maraîchers, des éleveurs, des piscicultures, des vendeurs d’intrants, des exploitants de sable. Les principaux résultats obtenus attestent que plusieurs activités sont pratiquées dans les marais de Tshangu et pour lesquelles le maraîchage reste de loin la principale activité (58 %). Cecomaf représente le site principal des activités avec une superficie de 157 hectares. Divers risques environnementaux ont été relevés et capables d’engendrer les dégâts importants. Les observations ainsi que les enquêtes réalisées renseignent sur la dégradation des habitats (40 %) mais aussi sur la régression du couvert végétal (30 %). Ce sont là, les risques majeurs. Cette pression exercée par l’homme est la base de conséquences désastreuses qui s’exercent sur les zones humides de Tshangu.

L’auto-efficacité entrepreneuriale est devenue une ressource personnelle stratégique influençant directement la performance des entrepreneurs et de la petite entreprise. En dépit de cela, très peu d’études examinent son implication dans les décisions et choix de rechercher du soutien entrepreneurial par les entrepreneurs. Dans cette étude, notre objectif est d’explorer la manière dont l’auto-efficacité entrepreneuriale des micro-entrepreneurs affecte leurs décisions de solliciter différentes formes de soutien entrepreneurial auprès des institutions formelles d’appui aux activités entrepreneuriales. Au travers d’une enquête, les données ont été collectées auprès d’un échantillon aléatoire proportionnel aux effectifs par branches d’activités de 632 micro-entrepreneurs de Kinshasa. Les résultats indiquent un effet positif de l’auto-efficacité entrepreneuriale sur la demande de crédit et un effet négatif de l’auto-efficacité entrepreneuriale sur la demande du soutien psychologique parmi les micro-entrepreneurs. Ces résultats suggèrent que les micro-entrepreneurs qui croient fortement en leurs capacités entrepreneuriales sont plus susceptibles de rechercher du crédit et moins susceptibles de rechercher de l’aide psychologique. Ces résultats sont discutés. Ils ouvrent d’intéressantes perspectives de recherche et d’interventions.

La zone collinaire de la ville de Kinshasa sud est confrontée chaque jour qui passe à des multiples impacts environnementaux négatifs. Parmi ceux-ci, il nous faut relever des aléas environnementaux qui occupent une place de choix, aléas qui constituent des sources des vulnérabilités humaines. Cette recherche qui porte sur la ville de Kinshasa se fonde sur des observations au départ d’une enquête sociodémographique relative à la gestion des terres urbaines des aléas qu’ils induisent révèlant que 60 % des parcelles ont déjà été touchées par les érosions, que 55,2 % des parcelles sont directement et indirectement menacées par les érosions, que 25 % des parcelles sont gravement affectées par des inondations au niveau de lit majeur des rivières en saisons pluvieuses et que 15 % des parcelles sont exposés aux ensablements au cours de la période du déroulement de cette enquête. Ces différentes impacts environnementaux négatifs occasionnent des dégâts immenses qui entravent les équilibre écologique et le développement durable la contrée sous-étude. Selon des reponses recueillies auprès des personnes vivant sur ces terres marginales de la ville de Kinshasa sud, les causes qui sont à la base de ces aléas environnementaux négatifs et des autres vulnérabilités survenant dans cette partie de la ville sont entre autres liées à la mauvaise orientation topographique des habitations (20,15 %), à l’inexistence de réseaux de drainage des eaux (47,86 %,) et à l’absence de puisards dans les parcelles (15,65 % ). Toutes ces causes sont dues, soit à l’absence des etudes avant l’occupation, au non suivi de la politique d’habitat, soit à l’anarchie dans la distribution des parcelles, soit ainsi à l’administration dualiste des Services de l’Etat dans le domaine foncier.

Résumé Introduction-: Le cancer du col de l’utérus fait partie de principales causes de dé­cès des femmes dans le monde. Il affecte de façon considérable la santé tant phy­sique que mentale. L’objectif de ce travail était d’évaluer la perception du cancer de col de l’utérus chez les étudiantes de l’Université de Kinshasa Matériels et méthodes -La méthode d’enquête a été utilisée pour évaluer la perception du cancer du col de l’Utérus. Elle a été appuyée par un questionnaire d’enquête qui s’est inspiré de celui de Cissé 2012 et du baromètre cancer 2015 de l’Institut Français de Cancer. Ce questionnaire a été administré à un échantillon non-probabiliste de 105 étudiantes finalistes des premier et deuxième cycles de quelques facultés de l’Université de Kinshasa. Résultats -Les résultats renseignent que les étudiantes sous-étude ont une perception positive du cancer du col de l’utérus. Cette perception positive se manifeste par la pré­dominance des connaissances objectives que subjectives relatives au cancer de col de l’utérus et à ses facteurs de risque. Pour ces sujets, le cancer de col de l’utérus est une maladie plus grave et plus mortelle que toutes les autres maladies (SIDA, malaria…). Ils affirment, à cet effet, que les conséquences physiques (mort, stérilité) sont plus graves que toutes les autres conséquences du cancer. C’est pourquoi, ils pensent que le dépis­tage précoce protège contre la survenue et les effets de ce cancer. Conclusion -Le cancer du col de l’utérus est perçu positivement par les sujets enquêtés. Cette perception positive peut conduire les enquêtés à éviter des conduites à risque et à se faire dépister précocement, et cela, à titre préventif. Abstract Background-: Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes is one of the leading causes of death among women worldwide. It significantly both physical and mental health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the perception of cervical cancer among female students at the University of Kinshasa Methods - Survey method was used to assess the perception of cervical cancer. It was sup­ported by a survey questionnaire inspired by that of Cissé 2012 and the InstitutFrançais de Cancer’s 2015 cancer barometer. It was administered to a non-probabilistic sample of 105 female undergraduate and graduate finalists from faculties of the University of Kinshasa. Results -The results show that students have a positive perception of cervical cancer. This positive perception is reflected in the predominance of objective subjective knowledge of cervical cancer and its risk factors. For these subjects, cervical cancer is a more serious and deadly disease than any other (AIDS, malaria...). They claim that the physical consequences (death, sterility) are more serious than all the other consequences of cancer. Conclusion -Cervical cancer is perceived positively by the subjects surveyed. This posi­tive perception may lead respondents to avoid risky behavior and undergo early scree­ning as a preventive measure.

The aim of this study was to establish the relationship between emotional intelligence and creativity in students at a number of secondary schools in the city of Kinshasa. Two instruments (riddle test and emotional intelligence rating scale) were administered to a non-probabilistic sample of 137 secondary school pupils from two Kinshasa schools (Groupe Scolaire du Mont-Amba and Institut Pédagogique et Technique Mokengeli). The results attested to the existence of strong emotional intellectual potential. On the other hand, the creative level of the subjects surveyed was low. Regression analysis confirmed the positive effect of emotional intelligence on the creativity of the students targeted in the study.

Introduction: Food insecurity is a vital issue, especially in places such as Kinshasa. Additionally, food insecurity has been worsened by the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Thus, this study examined food insecurity in Kinshasa after the peak of the pandemic to understand the impact of post-pandemic recovery efforts as well as the heterogeneity of this problem according to the residence of respondent (slum vs. non-slum areas). Methods: Grounded in the four key dimensions of food security (availability, access, vulnerability, and utilization), this cross-sectional study was conducted in Kinshasa with a representative sample of 2170 households selected from 62 enumeration areas. We used a questionnaire to interview participants about their food situations. Interviews were conducted with the head of each household or their designated representative by 150 master’s students using tablets powered by the SurveyCTO application. Household food security status was evaluated using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale. A logistic regression model was developed to assess household risk factors associated with food insecurity. Results: Most people we talked to were over 40 years old, and many lived in households with fewer than six people. About a third of the households were overcrowded. The prevalence of food insecurity was 76.5% (95%CI: 74.6–78.3). Factors associated with food insecurity included being a household head aged over 50 years, insufficient living space, lower socioeconomic status, and residing in slum areas (AOR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.06–1.79). Conclusions: Vulnerable groups, such as slum residents, older adults, and informal workers are more likely to be affected by food insecurity. Addressing these challenges requires the government to develop targeted strategies that bolster resilience and mitigate household vulnerability during crises.

Le potentiel en eau de la République Démocratique du Congo (RDC), environ de 52 % des réserves en eau de surface, 23 % des ressources hydriques renouvelables à l’échelle africaine (PNUE, 2011), constitue, sans doute, une ressource pour le développement socio-économique du pays. Cela, à la seule condition que sa gestion soit intégrée, pour prendre en compte, notamment, les besoins en eau des populations pauvres qui forment le gros de sa population. Mais, à Kinshasa, les scènes de la vie quotidienne, observées pendant une bonne période autour de l’approvisionnement en eau potable, semblent décliner « la fin de la Régie de Distribution d’Eau (REGIDESO) » dans certains quartiers de la ville. L’eau distribuée par cette Régie ne jaillit plus, les robinets sont secs. Les citadins démunis, sans protection, sont livrés aux propriétaires des forages privés, sans regard du pouvoir public pour garantir leur droit fondamental d’approvisionnement en eau potable. Face à cette situation, les plus vulnérables, parmi les kinois, se trouvent exposés à une multitude de risques : socio-économiques, socio-sanitaires et identitaires.

Le contraste de la RDC, pays aux énormes potentialités économiques, qui font d’elle un « scandale géologique » d’avec une population extrêmement pauvre, soulève de questions de fond. C’est partant qu’il a été fait état de lieu d’une crise économique permanente caractérisée par l’improductivité des unités publiques de production d’une part et de l’ampleur des activités de production du secteur informel d’autre… Il va de soi que le dynamisme observé des activités de production illégale dans lequel s’est engagé tout le monde (population, jeunes, vieux, femmes ménagères, fonctionnaires de l’Etat, enseignants, autorité politico-militaires,… suscite bien des interrogations. En effet, pour les uns c’est la survie qui en est la légitime motivation pour les autres, c’est la plus-value qui sous-tend ce réalisme. Tous alors, malheureusement opèrent illégalement au détriment du trésor public. La question fondamentale de la présente réflexion consiste à savoir pourquoi les gouvernants et les gouvernés s’accommodent dans l’entretien d’une économie informelle sinon souterraine au détriment de celle de la croissance et du développement durable qui passe impérativement par la promotion de l’entreprenariat local et des PME.

Cette étude vise principalement à comprendre le vécu post-traumatique des victimes de viol et son impact sur leur scolarité, tout en mettant l’accent sur les stratégies et les ressources de résilience qui peuvent favoriser leur rétablissement et leur adaptation scolaire. Le Centre Lizadeel est choisi en tant que contexte de recherche en raison de son engagement dans la prise en charge psychopédagogique des survivantes de viol à Kinshasa/RDC. Des entretiens approfondis ont eu lieu avec cinq survivantes de viol. Après l’analyse phénoménologique explicative, les résultats de cette recherche se présentent sous quatre thèmes, à savoir : les circonstances de l’événement traumatique en relevant la familiarité des victimes avec leur bourreau ainsi que les violences physiques et psychologiques qu’elles ont vécues ; l’impact du viol sur la scolarité des victimes ; les facteurs de risque et de protection qui sont mis en jeu; et les attitudes de résilience de ces victimes.

Summary Background Pulmonary embolism is a frequent cause of intra-hospital mortality. The survival of patients depends not only on the speed of diagnosis but also on the treatment initiated. Objective to evaluate the intra-hospital survival of patients with pulmonary embolism in the city of Kinshasa. Methodology analytical cross-sectional study based on non-probability convenience sampling carried out in the city of Kinshasa; three hospitals selected for convenience on the basis of their technical platforms. The patients were judged to have had a pulmonary embolism after a chest CT angiography proved it. The data recorded on the Kobocollect site were exported in Excel format and analyzed with SPSS software version 23. The comparison of the means was made using the Student test and that frequencies with the Yates Chi-square test. The association was attributed by the calculation of the odds ratio and the survival presented according to the Cox regression. Results Eighty-nine cases or 63 women and 26 men were analyzed, the mean age was 64.4 ± 15.6 years. Individuals over 65 died more (ß=0.043 and p-Value of 0.01) the female sex multiplied by 1.38 the risk of death (DNS, p-Value = 0.478). Approximately 80% of patients were classified as PESI stage II or III. Starting Rivaroxaban from the outset does not show any difference with enoxaparin in terms of intra-hospital survival. Conclusion Pulmonary embolism is a real problem in our environment, the age of more than 65 years and the female sex are factors of poor prognosis and predicted survival.

Introduction Self-contained sanitation systems such as septic tanks, latrines, and public toilets store faecal sludge, which must be regularly evacuated. If this sludge is not regularly collected, transported, and treated in a wastewater treatment plant, it can cause serious harm to the environment and public health. Purpose This study aimed to show that the biosolids resulting from the treatment of septage collected in Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of the Congo are uncontaminated and contain nutrients and properties that make them a resource to be valorized. Methods The present study was carried out in Kinshasa between January and March 2022. Samples of fresh faecal sludge were taken at Ndolo/auto service, a site where tanker trucks dump sludge from all over the city into a stream that flows into the Congo River. Pathogen levels were detected by counting bacteria. Helminth eggs were identified following the US Environmental Protection Agency's "Rule 503" recommendations for Class A and B biosolids. Total nitrogen was determined by the Kjeldahl method, while phosphorus and potassium were determined spectrometrically. Statistical analyses were performed using Excel 2021 and SPSS v.21 software. Results The results obtained showed values

Excess body fat among military personnel, one of the major public health issues according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization. This abnormal increase in fat mass is responsible for numerous chronic non-transmissible pathologies among soldiers to which they are victims. The objective of the study was to evaluate the body composition of Congolese FARDC soldiers using AMAZON brand body composition monitors. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study by a body composition monitor carried out in the Kinshasa Garrison between October 1, 2020 and February 27, 2021 where the cardiovascular exploration center of the military health corps served as a setting. Data collection was carried out by an AMAZON brand impedemeter including the percentage of water, muscles, body fat and BMI. Corporals, privates, noncommissioned officers and senior officers took part. A total of 487 voluntarily enlisted soldiers, made up of 415 men and 72 women, 85.2% versus 14.8% participated in the study. The mean age was 45.4 ± 11.9 years. BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, fat, lean mass and water had an average of 29.3 kg/m2, 78.3 cm, 36.6 cm, 14.5 %, and 54.3%, respectively (p = 0.001). These means were significantly different depending on age and grade (p = 0.001). The age group over 60 is more exposed with a high rate of fat mass 38.1% and a reduction in lean mass 16.1% (p = 0.002). This had a significantly higher frequency among military officers of developing metabolic risk factors (p = 0.001). This is the first Congolese study which was interested in evaluating the body composition of soldiers from the Kinshasa garrison and which determined the morphological state of these combatants. This reveals that the majority of the study population had a high fat mass and a high BMI in the entire group. This abnormal increase exposes them to developing a chronic pathology. It is suggested that a military PA program be offered to them so that they can improve their physical health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background: Despite a high incidence of sickle cell anemia, hydroxyurea (HU) treatment is rarely used in the DR Congo. This study aims to assess the efficacy of HU, the incidence of side effects that may limit its use in adults and to determine the dose needed for clinical improvement in patients. Methods: In a prospective study, patients received an initial dose of 15 mg/kg/day which was increased by 5 mg/kg every 6 months, up to a maximum of 30 mg/kg/day. The response and side effects to HU were evaluated biologically and clinically every 3 months during a 2‐year period. Results: Seventy adult patients with a moderate or severe clinical phenotype initiated treatment. Only minor side effects were reported. At the end of the 2‐year treatment phase, 45 (64.3%) had dropped out, of whom 33 were without a clear reason. Clinical and biological improvement was more marked during the first year. There was a reduction in severe vaso‐occlusive crises (p

En apportant une contribution essentielle à l’analyse dynamique de la pauvreté des ménages urbains en RDC, la présente étude éclaire sur l’évolution des activités des micro-entreprises de l’informel et les mutations socioéconomiques qui s’opèrent et particulièrement à Kinshasa. En particulier, elle analyse l’évolution des activités de survie, développées avec ingéniosité, dans quelques communes de Kinshasa par ceux qui les exercent. A l’aide d’une enquête de terrain réalisée auprès des 227 tenanciers urbains de Kinshasa pendant une période de 42 mois, soit 13 mois avant et 29 mois après le confinement de la ville et le desserrement des restrictions liées à la pandémie à Covid-19. Les analyses ont révélé que les activités de survie de ce genre n’existaient pas avant la crise économique de 1973, ou mieux, elles n’affichaient pas cette amplitude. La ville fait face à des mutations sociales et économiques marquantes.

Introduction Diabetes is a chronic disease that constitutes a public health problem worldwide and more particularly in Africa, because of its morbidity and mortality and the cost of its management. The use of nutritional therapy represents the best strategy for managing this chronic disease. Purpose The present work aimed to determine the chemical composition of Curcuma longa L. rhizomes and to evaluate their antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities. Methods Chemical screening, energy value, and anti-radical and anti-diabetic activities were respectively carried out according to standard protocols. Results The results of the chemical composition revealed that the rhizomes of C. longa contain (per 100g of fresh mater) proteins (2.81%), lipids (18.76%), ashes (5.08%), and fibers (1.79%). Phytochemical screening showed that Curcuma longa rhizomes harvested from the Bateke plateau contain secondary metabolites such as total polyphenols, anthocyanins, tannins, alkaloids, and steroids. The antioxidant activity of C. longa aqueous extracts showed interesting antiradical activity (IC50: 2.88 µg/mL). The hypoglycemic activity was assessed in vivo in NMRI mice, and our extract showed hypoglycemic activity with a medium glycemic load index. Conclusion Curcuma longa displayed in vivo antidiabetic activity and constituted a source of nutrients and can be valued as a food with good antioxidant properties likely to protect against pathologies associated with radicals. Scientific-based alternative medicine and nutritional therapy represent the best approach for managing chronic diseases.

Background Infection prevention and control (IPC) was a central component of the Democratic Republic of the Congo’s COVID-19 response in 2020, aiming to prevent infections and ensure safe health service provision. Objectives We aimed to assess the evolution of IPC capacity in 65 health facilities supported by Action Contre la Faim in three health zones in Kinshasa (Binza Meteo (BM), Binza Ozone (BO), and Gombe), investigate how triage and alert validation were implemented, and estimate how health service utilisation changed in these facilities (April–December 2020). Methods We used three datasets: IPC Scorecard data assessing health facilities’ IPC capacity at baseline, monthly and weekly triage data, and monthly routine data on eight health services. We examined factors associated with triage and isolation capacity with a mixed-effects negative binomial model and estimated changes in health service utilisation with a mixed-model with random intercept and long-term trend for each health facility. We reported incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for level change when the pandemic began, for trend change, and for lockdown and post-lockdown periods (Gombe). We estimated cumulative and monthly percent differences with expected consultations. Results IPC capacity reached an average score of 90% by the end of the programme. A one-point increase in the IPC score was associated with +6% and +5% increases in triage capacity in BO and Gombe, respectively, and with +21% and +10% increases in isolation capacity in the same zones. When the pandemic began, decreases were seen in outpatient consultations (IRR: 0.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.48–0.95] BM&BO-combined; IRR: 0.29, 95%CI [0.16–0.53] Gombe), consultations for respiratory tract infections (IRR: 0.48, 95%CI [0.28–0.87] BM&BO-combined), malaria (IRR: 0.60, 95%CI [0.43–0.84] BM&BO-combined, IRR: 0.33, 95%CI [0.18–0.58] Gombe), and vaccinations (IRR: 0.27, 95%CI [0.10–0.71] Gombe). Maternal health services decreased in Gombe (ANC1: IRR: 0.42, 95%CI [0.21–0.85]). Conclusions The effectiveness of the triage and alert validation process was affected by the complexity of implementing a broad clinical definition in limited-resource settings with a pre-pandemic epidemiological profile characterised by infectious diseases with symptoms like COVID-19. Readily available testing capacity remains key for future pandemic response to improve the disease understanding and maintain health services.

Context and objective: Acne affects approximately 80% of adolescents and impacts their quality of life. Our Objective was to describe the quality of life of acne-prone schoolchildren in Kinshasa. Materials and method: This were a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in schools in Kinshasa for 2 months. Every student aged from 10 to 19 years, regularly enrolled, who gave their verbal consent and for whom parental consent was obtained, were included. Sampling was random at 4 degrees. The ECLA and CADI grids were used to assess acne severity and quality of life. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 software. Associations between variables were assessed using Pearson's chi-square test. A value of p = 0.05 was considered as the threshold of statistical significance. Results: The prevalence of acne was of 58%, with a female predominance (54%) and a sex ratio of 1.2. The average age was 15.3±2.2 years, with extremes ranging from 11 to 19 years. 53.4% of the students had a heredofamilial history of acne. The mean age at onset was 13.1±1.9 years. The mean age at menarche was 11.5±3.3 years. Inflammatory lesions were numerous on the face (96.6%). 10.3% of students had severe acne. The total score of the ECLA grid varied from 2 - 19, with an average of 7.3 and a median of 7. The quality of life was slightly impaired in 87.7% of the cases without being linked to sex but associated with acne severity (p = 0.022). The high frequency of severe acne was observed in students with a moderate quality of life (27.8%). Conclusion The alteration of the quality of life of a student with acne is effective in schools in Kinshasa, without proportionality with the seriousness of the pathology. The dermatologist to resort to the use of the ECLA and CADI grids for a comprehensive management of juvenile acne. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Background: Pulmonary embolism is a frequent cause of intra-hospital mortality. The survival of patients depends not only on the speed of diagnosis but also on the treatment initiated. Objective: to evaluate the intra-hospital survival of patients with pulmonary embolism in the city of Kinshasa. Methodology: analytical cross-sectional study based on non-probability convenience sampling carried out in the city of Kinshasa; three hospitals selected for convenience on the basis of their technical platforms. The patients were judged to have had a pulmonary embolism after a chest CT angiography proved it. The data recorded on the Kobocollect site were exported in Excel format and analyzed with SPSS software version 23. The comparison of the means was made using the Student test and that frequencies with the Yates Chi-square test. The association was attributed by the calculation of the odds ratio and the survival presented according to the Cox regression. Results: Eighty-nine cases or 63 women and 26 men were analyzed, the mean age was 64.4 ± 15.6 years. Individuals over 65 died more (ß=0.043 and p-Value of 0.01) the female sex multiplied by 1.38 the risk of death (DNS, p-Value = 0.478). Approximately 80% of patients were classified as PESI stage II or III. Starting Rivaroxaban from the outset does not show any difference with enoxaparin in terms of intra-hospital survival. Conclusion: Pulmonary embolism is a real problem in our environment, the age of more than 65 years and the female sex are factors of poor prognosis and predicted survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses Nelson Makengo's twenty-minute video work Nuit Debout (2019), which documents power outages in the city of Kinshasa (DRC) and the everyday and informal practices people develop to cope with these instances of infrastructural fallout. More specifically, through a close formal analysis of Nuit Debout alongside relevant theoretical accounts from various perspectives and disciplines, it argues that Makengo's video conveys a sense of how the Kinshasa inhabitants it portrays are suspended between what has been called 'the promise of infrastructure' on the one hand, and the necessity of acts of infrastructural improvisation on the other. As will be demonstrated, this is a suspension between two different temporalities – each with their seemingly incommensurable rhythms and exigencies – that coil and come together in the present as pictured in Nuit Debout, often leading to a sense of stuckness or to impasse. Throughout the article, it will be made clear that Makengo's piece qualifies, challenges, and troubles the notion – commonly found in academic literature on infrastructure – that infrastructure is 'normally' invisible by focusing on the lives and experiences of people who are themselves routinely invisibilized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Au regard de l’ampleur du phénomène enfants en rupture familiale qui touche à la survie de la société Kinoise, la présente étude souligne le rôle majeur que l’Etat est appelé à jouer sur les plans socio-politique et économique. Elle préconise entre autres les mesures de la création des emplois stables et rémunérateurs pour que les parents deviennent capables de prendre en charge leur progéniture, aux fins d’éradiquer ce fléau social.

La réflexion et le débat initiés par cette étude alimentent la problématique de la bivalence des principes régulateurs du système numérique dans cette Ville. La présente étude part du constat de l’échec des différentes tentatives des actions menées par les autorités de la Ville et de l’ampleur de l’inefficacité de l’action publique ainsi que de notre curiosité en tant que chercheur natif.