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The concept of a Just Energy Transition (JET) has gained prominence in sustainable development discussion, with impact assessment serving as a key foundation for advancing global energy justice. Currently, the primary assessment frameworks encompass distributional justice, procedural justice, and restorative justice. However, these dimensions exhibit a certain degree of overlap, and a standardized set of metrics for their evaluation remains conspicuously lacking. To address this research gap, this study employs a literature review and logical reasoning to construct a comprehensive framework consisting of four distinct assessment dimensions: cognitive justice, distributional justice, procedural justice, and redistributive justice. The framework delineation the boundaries and logical relationships among these dimensions. This study emphasizes the foundational role of cognitive justice, positioning it as the cornerstone upon which other dimensions of justice rely. Moreover, it puts forth a constructive argument that future generations, as direct beneficiaries, should bear additional responsibility to uphold intergenerational justice. This multi-dimensional framework deepens our understanding of the complexities of JET and encourage critical discourse on the subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of the energy transition policy that came into force in Spain in 2019, it is necessary for households progressively to substitute dirty energy heating sources with clean ones. This means replacing energy heating carriers that use carbon energy sources with others that use electricity, that is the cleaner energy source, specifically in Spain where electricity mainly comes from renewable sources. This replacement must be based on the use of modern and efficient electric heating appliances. This can involve a substantial economic effort for certain households, that are already vulnerable. This paper proposes a multinomial model to determine which variables explain households’ energy heating sources use and applies this model to microdata, from the Spanish Household Budget Survey, for 2016-2019. Results show that it is likely that energy-poor households use gasoil or coal and electricity for heating. It is also more probable that households living in rural areas and older buildings use these sources. Households renting their dwelling and living in warm regions are more likely to use electricity, whereas those living in cold regions, urban areas, with woman heads are more likely to use gas. Households owning the dwelling, with older heads and residing in larger houses are more likely to use gasoil or solid fuels. From these results, implications are derived to inform public policy regarding just energy transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the major concerns around in coal mining and extractive regimes more generally in India has been the role of the private sector in managing precarious labor environments through intermediation, which has deep political roots. While the state–corporate nexus is well established in the coal mining sector, we observe here that an important part of sustaining productivity and profitability from mining has been the organized intermediation of private subcontractors who work between formal and informal coal economies and between coal companies and communities. This paper seeks to historically situate the emergence of these private entities and the nature of competition between them. Additionally, it elucidates how political machinery is deployed to manage such conflicts and competition. The paper argues that while competition among different private entities occurs at the profit level, the internal conflict and its efficient political management contribute to seamless accumulation—both primitive accumulation and surplus value accumulation—within the coal economies by preventing organized labor resistance. It concludes by arguing that without a nuanced understanding of the politics of the "private" within the coal economy and its accumulative regimes, any attempt at Just Transitions will fail to comprehend the multifaceted nature of exploitation, co-option, and negotiation within such regimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy justice remains relatively under-researched outside of the Western context, especially in Asia. This paper addresses that gap by investigating the process of energy transition in Taiwan through the socio-spatial lens and institutional points of view. The paper underscores the urgency of recognizing and addressing the overlooked social injustices across different territories, advocating an integrated planning approach that incorporates a just energy transition perspective to reduce the uneven negative impacts of deploying renewable energies across communities and regional territories. Drawing on a case study of the Changhua region, the paper identifies conflicts arising from the rapid deployment of renewable energy, such as land use changes that displace farming activities and negatively affect rural stakeholders. The findings suggest the need to urgently address the gap between top–down goals in energy transition and bottom–up considerations to raise awareness and prevent injustices that risk deepening the existing socio-economic inequities. This paper also proposes a new framework for both new research and policy for (just) energy transition, incorporating distributional, procedural, and recognitional concerns together with a critical view on the cross-scale and cross-sectoral integration as part of the spatial planning process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of a Just Energy Transition (JET) has gained prominence in sustainable development discussion, with impact assessment serving as a key foundation for advancing global energy justice. Currently, the primary assessment frameworks encompass distributional justice, procedural justice, and restorative justice. However, these dimensions exhibit a certain degree of overlap, and a standardized set of metrics for their evaluation remains conspicuously lacking. To address this research gap, this study employs a literature review and logical reasoning to construct a comprehensive framework consisting of four distinct assessment dimensions: cognitive justice, distributional justice, procedural justice, and redistributive justice. The framework delineation the boundaries and logical relationships among these dimensions. This study emphasizes the foundational role of cognitive justice, positioning it as the cornerstone upon which other dimensions of justice rely. Moreover, it puts forth a constructive argument that future generations, as direct beneficiaries, should bear additional responsibility to uphold intergenerational justice. This multi-dimensional framework deepens our understanding of the complexities of JET and encourage critical discourse on the subject.

There is widespread agreement that skills development is a vital dimension of the just energy transition (JET). Skills development for JET is rapidly emerging and involves complex inter-sectoral systems of skills development and new methods for demand analysis. Currently in South Africa, learning pathways into green jobs, enterprise development and more sustainable job options, including those required for JET at entry and technical levels, are unclear, ad hoc and fragmented. At best, we have fragmented offerings of courses and qualifications and few systemic approaches to skills analysis and development. There is also a narrow reliance on supply and demand discourses that are ill-fitting for the type of skills that need to be developed. Drawing on a group of regional and local studies focusing on skills supply and demand for JET, the paper analyses the responsiveness of skills systems, with specific focus on institutions and institutional arrangements that underpin skills planning and anticipation. The paper critiques the metaphor of ‘supply’ and ‘demand’, which, it argues, is the wrong lens, as it focuses attention on certain parts of the skills system dislocated from the broader conditions that they are imbedded in. We pose new methodological questions for engaged skills research that can enable a green and just future, and the systemic transformations that are needed to catalyse a low-carbon transition. Significance: The research findings offer a critical reflection on the current approach to research focused on skills for the just energy transition. The review highlights the limitations of the dominant supply-demand approach of skills analysis, and we argue that it promotes a neoliberal, market-led discourse on skills that privileges industry and excludes the voices of communities and workers.

The national implementation of electricity generation projects directly threatens the livelihoods of local and Indigenous communities in Latin America. Therefore, it is crucial to search for solutions to energy supply considering local needs and cosmologies. This article focuses on micro-energy production in rural settlements on the Colombian Caribbean coast. The aim is to provide insights into the relationship between energy, technology, and ancestrality through the lens of solarpunk storytelling. To explore this theme, we present the «tech to embrace the sun» initiative as a case study to co-design and imagine desirable futures by the local community of Selvatorium, in La Guajira. The results consist of the development of seven future ancestral stories co-written by community members and guests, two guides to build two prototypes, and a fanzine. The project concludes with empirical and theoretical insights for development studies about sustainable energy futures.

The South African energy sector is faced with competing priorities concerned with ensuring environmental sustainability, energy security, and balancing its citizens' socio-economic needs. The decarbonisation agenda has put a spotlight on the quality of jobs in the energy sector, particularly those in the coal value chain. This paper aims to bring some focus to the subject of decent work as per the International Labour Organisation's definition and highlights the emerging themes in the South African energy sector. Our research shows that, although the country is on the path to decarbonisation, a clear definition of a job and decent work is needed. We show that if the country is to depend on the Renewable Energy industry, it is imperative to ensure that this industry has the capacity to provide the necessary skills and training to its new workforce and provide fair and just working conditions that would lead to decent work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Republic of South Africa is one of the leading investors in renewable energy in Africa, despite the widespread perception that the country is trapped in the carbon age due to its high dependence on fossil fuels. Renewable energy, rooted in sustainable development, requires the creation of an appropriate framework and environmentally friendly technologies to support growth. Renewable energy sources are considered more environmentally friendly than fossil fuels, which most energy processes rely on. For this reason, the scope of this article has been narrowed to focus on the motivation for renewable energy and its potential in South Africa. Furthermore, the current developments in the South African renewable energy sector, as well as the challenges and prospects for a sustainable transition to a bioeconomy, were discussed. This study shows that a sustainable energy system can only promote the integration of renewable energy into the energy mix with the help of technology, policy, and infrastructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia's commitment to the Paris Agreement and its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) is not adequately reflected in the significant CO2 emissions from fossil-fuel-intensive energy sectors, despite the enormous potential of renewable energy sources in the country. The ongoing coal regime has led to electricity oversupply and air pollution problems. Despite the huge challenges for Indonesia, a just energy transition away from fossil fuel is crucial. This study aims to explore the ideal energy mix and key emission reduction pathway in Indonesia in achieving a just energy transition using the least-cost optimisation energy modelling tool OSeMOSYS. Six scenarios are modelled over the period 2015–2050 including coal phase-out, NDC, the Just Energy Transition Partnership (JETP), and carbon tax implementation. The results highlight that solar power, geothermal power, and hydropower are the alternatives for coal decommissioning. Despite the large-scale investment in renewable energy under the NDC and JETP scenarios, emissions could be reduced by 55% and 52%, respectively, by 2050. Moreover, Indonesia's current carbon tax rate will not lead to a significant emission reduction. Three recommended policies include (1) accelerating CFPP retirement; (2) imposing an aggressive carbon tax rate; (3) prioritising investment in solar technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transition towards a low-carbon economy over the next few decades poses a global challenge, including for Serbia. In regions whose economic development relies on mining (exploitation of non-renewable sources of energy and raw materials), there is a crucial need for investments in new sources of clean energy, the development of new industries, and the creation of new green jobs. Anticipating these trends and their impact on existing mine workers is essential for effectively managing the energy transition and creating a green economy where they won't be left behind. The authors of this paper focus on analyzing the attitudes of mine workers in Serbia regarding this issue and their readiness to embrace changes, aiming to contribute to the promotion of the need for an accelerated and fair energy transition. To ensure the relevance of the conclusions, field research was conducted during November and December 2023, coupled with an analysis of available literature and officially accessible public documents related to this field. Efficient management of the energy transition requires aligning strategies for reindustrialization, innovation, the adoption of clean technologies, and investments in green infrastructure. Simultaneously, measures ensuring a smooth transition are necessary, including social protection, training for acquiring new knowledge and skills, labor market policies, as well as community development and renewal.

This paper analyzes Local Energy Communities within the paradigm of the commons and explores their key aspects of collective governance. Utilizing 18 in-depth semi-structured interviews with Spanish Energy Communities, this study examines their internal dynamics and their context interactions. The findings contribute to the understanding of Energy Communities, informing the development of more effective policies. The study reveals the adoption of diverse legal forms by Energy Communities, characterized by decentralized and democratic structures aimed at facilitating a fair energy transition. Moreover, they incorporate social inclusion mechanisms to mitigate economic exclusion. Finally, the commitment of these communities to reshaping the energy model is underscored, which involves defining both the material and spatial boundaries of production and consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

South Africa's Just Energy Transition (JET) from coal to renewable energy in response to climate change mitigation policies comes packaged with social costs that these mitigation policies tend to overlook, considering their focus on carbon emission reduction. The paper argues that Social Impact Assessments (SIAs), a component of Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) focused on social impact mitigation, can be a long-term approach to closing the social cost gap. Against this backdrop, the paper's arguments were informed by a literature analysis on SIAs and the Just Energy Transition, semi-structured interviews, and surveys with 230 participants, including experts, from Kriel and Carolina in Mpumalanga, South Africa. The findings point to skills development barriers such as poor school attendance, a lack of alignment between existing curriculum design and labour markets, and students' low aptitude for STEM subjects. It also identifies community sustainability issues linked to poor public participation, gender inequalities in land reform and economic participation, and culturally disruptive displacements that will intensify as the energy shift unfolds. The paper submits that SIAs, if incorporated into mainstream energy transition planning, might be a long-term approach to mitigating societal costs and can support socially responsible policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Iberoamericana de Estudios de Desarrollo is the property of Revista Iberoamericana de Estudios de Desarrollo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The global shift to decarbonization and a sustainable economic development underscores the importance of a just energy transition. In 2019, Indonesia's energy sector accounted for 34.5 per cent of its total emissions (LULUCF included). While transitioning to green energy is paramount, it is laden with interwoven challenges encompassing technological innovation, infrastructure expansion, financing, and harmonizing socio-economic and environmental outcomes. At the heart of a just energy transition is the commitment to counteract potential setbacks, such as unemployment, ecological degradation, and ensuring equitable prospects within the transformative phase. This article delves into Indonesia's legislative and policy framework regarding energy transition, spotlighting the obstacles and potentialities of implementing current strategies as well as contemplating the formulation of future policies that champion justice in the energy metamorphosis. Our research methodology includes a literature review with extensive interviews with pivotal stakeholders. The goal is to gauge the ramifications of Indonesia's energy policies in their social, economic, and environmental dimensions. While Indonesia has an impressive potential in renewable energy resources, a distinct challenge remains – the absence of transparency in orchestrating a just energy transition. Forthcoming legislation and strategies should focus on community needs, particularly of marginalized people, ensuring that they benefit from a just energy transition. Incorporating stakeholders in policy deliberations is vital to shape comprehensive, inclusive strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy justice remains relatively under-researched outside of the Western context, especially in Asia. This paper addresses that gap by investigating the process of energy transition in Taiwan through the socio-spatial lens and institutional points of view. The paper underscores the urgency of recognizing and addressing the overlooked social injustices across different territories, advocating an integrated planning approach that incorporates a just energy transition perspective to reduce the uneven negative impacts of deploying renewable energies across communities and regional territories. Drawing on a case study of the Changhua region, the paper identifies conflicts arising from the rapid deployment of renewable energy, such as land use changes that displace farming activities and negatively affect rural stakeholders. The findings suggest the need to urgently address the gap between top–down goals in energy transition and bottom–up considerations to raise awareness and prevent injustices that risk deepening the existing socio-economic inequities. This paper also proposes a new framework for both new research and policy for (just) energy transition, incorporating distributional, procedural, and recognitional concerns together with a critical view on the cross-scale and cross-sectoral integration as part of the spatial planning process.

A substantial and rapid decarbonisation of the global economy is required to limit anthropogenic climate change to well below 2°C average global heating by 2050. Yet, emissions from fossil fuel energy generation—which dominate global greenhouse gas emissions—are at an all-time high. Progress and action for an energy transition to net zero carbon is critical, and one in which geoscience sectors and geoscientists will play multiple roles. Here, we outline the landscape of the geosciences and the energy transition in the context of the climate crisis, and intergovernmental policies on climate and social justice. We show how geoscience sectors, skills, knowledge, data, and infrastructure, both directly and indirectly, will play a key role in the energy transition. This may be in the responsible sourcing of raw materials for low carbon energy technologies; in the decarbonisation of heating; and in the near-permanent geological capture and storage of carbon through novel technology development. A new and unprecedented challenge is to reach Geological Net Zero, where zero carbon emissions from geological resource production and consumption are achieved via permanent geological storage. We identify overarching and cross-cutting issues for a sustainable and fair net zero carbon energy transition, and the associated geoscience challenges and opportunities. Finally, we call for geoscience professionals to recognise and take responsibility for their role in ensuring a fair and sustainable energy transition at the pace and scale required.

Decisions by states to cancel oil and gas licenses in the transition to net-zero emissions can trigger investment arbitration claims. Given the massive damages that arbitration tribunals can award to investors, investment arbitration is increasingly being criticized as an obstacle to climate change mitigation and the just energy transition. Under the Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) method, tribunals have based their valuation on the expected production volumes during the remaining lifetime of oilfields and forecasts of international oil prices, essentially requiring states to compensate companies at market conditions for all energy left underground. With an increasing number of carbon neutrality pledges at the global level and states' due diligence obligation to reduce emissions, this article argues that tribunals can no longer ignore decarbonization considerations in the application of the DCF method. Damages decisions must instead account for the price, production cost and risk expectations under net-zero pathways. Significant downward adjustments to the estimated future income of hydrocarbon assets can be achieved by using the lower oil price forecasts in net-zero emissions scenarios, instead of current market conditions. Adjusting future cash flow projections and the discount rate to reflect carbon pricing and other climate policy risks can significantly lower the present value of hydrocarbon assets. As arbitration tribunals have so far ignored decarbonization in their oil damages calculations, legal reforms are needed to require the alignment of investor compensation to decarbonization and ensure a just energy transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Review of African Political Economy is the property of Review of Political Economy (ROAPE) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic have sparked global debate over how green economic recovery may and should be, and if the pandemic has accelerated the present energy transition while assuring a just transition for vulnerable populations such as unskilled workers and women. This study investigates the socioeconomic impact of South Africa's planned green energy transition, with a focus on the Mpumalanga province—the country's largest coal mining region with many coal-fired power plants. Using a regional-dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model, the study analyses the economy-wide effects of different policy scenarios related to a changing electricity generation mix, investment financing costs, and international action against non-compliant industries, amongst others, with a specific focus on the vulnerable industries and population groups in Mpumalanga. Key results from the study highlights that (1) the structure of the Mpumalanga economy will be affected in the medium to long run regardless of the domestic transition path, (2) the Mpumalanga economy is indeed in danger of shrinking relative to the baseline, unless the Just Energy Transition (JET) is quickly and carefully managed, and (3) at a national level, at least, there is the strong possibility of a double dividend when greening the South African economy with overall economic growth and environmental outcomes expected to improve in the long run. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

South Africa's renewable energy independent power producers (REIPPs) largely depend on foreign manufacturers and resources as they generate the power needed to address the country's energy crisis. This foreign dependence contradicts some principles of a just energy transition, which encourage developing local job creation in the renewable energy sector. Although South Africa has increased its power procurement targets and relaxed some regulatory requirements in response to the current energy crisis, the long-term policy framework is unclear. Sustainably expanding renewable energy generation depends on a clear policy framework which plots the transition from coal and develops local manufacturing and skilling capacities. Through a case study review of two South African wind farms, this article examines how REIPPs can shift their reliance on foreign equipment manufacturers and skilled resources to local providers, fostering a sustainable and inclusive just energy transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ecología Política is the property of Fundacio ENT and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

China has declared that it will achieve carbon neutrality by 2060, and energy transition will play a primary role in this process. This transition will encourage leapfrog development in efforts to achieve carbon neutrality. However, energy transition is often accompanied by social risks and injustices, which can be effectively addressed only by incorporating a just energy transition (JET) into the policy process. In this paper, three policy dimensions (material compensation, livelihood maintenance, and social development) associated with 13 policies designed to promote a JET in China are categorized. In addition, the satisfaction of vulnerable groups with these policy approaches is evaluated according to the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and via second-level fuzzy comprehensive assessment (FCA). The results of a satisfaction evaluation of 1,329 vulnerable people who have been laid off, forced to immigrate, fallen into energy poverty, had their rights and interests violated, etc., indicate that the overall satisfaction rate with a JET is 0.404 (the total values of “very satisfied” and “satisfied”), i.e., less than half. Accordingly, China still faces clear JET challenges and should rely on the collaborative promotion of four multi-responsible actors: the government, enterprises and trade unions, social organizations, and individuals. Only through this process can social resources be widely absorbed and mobilized to foster cross-boundary discussions and ensure that no vulnerable populations are left behind. This study thus enriches policy research on energy transition, providing an opportunity to expand the academic horizon of JET as a research field. Furthermore, this study may also inspire policymakers to pay more attention to JET, offering references for subsequent policy improvement.

Injustice in energy transitions is a problem perceived in the inequity of participation in decision-making among the actors that shape socio-technical energy systems, where society usually plays the role of end user within the system network. The importance of taking it into consideration lies in the fact that this inequity can contribute to low social acceptance and lack of public confidence in the energy transition process, which is essential to define the course of the process. Through a qualitative study with an exploratory scope, the objective of this article is to study the perception of citizens as actors in the energy transition process from a procedural justice approach, and to contribute to the research of social study of energy through the social sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electricity access is the primary indicator that countries use to create public policies for rural electrification. In Latin America, which has some of the highest inequality rates in the world, international organizations estimate that almost 20 million people still lack electricity access. A critical barrier to research and progress in energy justice is the lack of accurate information on the population living with inadequate electricity service. This review article examines the following in the context of Latin America: i) the definitions and methodologies for the indicator for electricity access; ii) the importance of a multidimensional indicator for electricity access that considers national governments' constraints; and iii) the failure of existing indicators in representing those living with poor electricity service conditions. This analysis finds that the shortcomings of methods for measuring indicators of electricity access make them inadequate to inform policies, and the use of the indicator may have been counterproductive in improving electricity service conditions. To significantly improve the conditions of people living with inadequate electricity service, indicators for electricity access need to provide a more accurate assessment, from the collection data process to the assessment of electricity supply conditions. Ultimately, this work aims to open a discussion in Latin America about ways that countries can better understand electricity access inequalities in the system and work towards a more just energy agenda. • The article brings new understanding of energy justice challenges in Latin America. • A binary indicator for electricity access hinders efforts to reduce energy injustices. • There is no consensus on definitions of electricity access or electricity coverage. • Electricity access could be improved by differentiating between urban and rural areas. • Poor electricity conditions can be rendered invisible by electricity access indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The transition of the Ruhr region in Germany from a hard coal belt into a knowledge-based economy with a dynamic service sector and state of the art universities over the past 60–80 years has been widely touted as a successful example of how just and fair low carbon energy transitions can unfold. Methods This paper leverages documentary analysis of data across a wide array of sources to test these claims and identify lessons by creating a novel just energy transition framework. Results The study finds economic motivation, mindset and reorientation—not environmental concerns—to be the defining features for at least the first two decades of this shift. The lack of willingness to acknowledge environmental impacts and market realities has delayed the transition and led to wasteful allocation of resources towards supporting the hard coal mining industry. The prominence given to distributional justice cushions the victims of this transition financially, but does not allow a broad based coalition to advance the transition process. It is in the second phase (mid-1980s onwards that we see procedural aspects of justice come forth and support greater ownership and sustainability of the transition to emerge, while the evidence of recognition justice continues to be scant. Conclusions There are many nuanced successes in the Ruhr’s example, along with some failures worth highlighting. It is in the breakdown of this transition into two distinct phases and their nuances (particularly in the domain of justice) that fresh insights emerge and allow for a better understanding of what constitutes a suitable energy transition in a particular socio-economic and political context. As the international community embarks on ambitious greenhouse gas reduction targets, it can maximise the benefits and minimise the damages and costs by considering these realities on the ground.

Energy convergence, the decoupling of economic growth and energy use, and sustainable energy transition are all desirable objectives in the European Union. However, there are many contradictions and conflicts in the energy and climate policy that slow down the energy transition. In this paper, we focus on these barriers. A fuel-specific indicator is developed (share of household energy expenditure - SHEE) and used in the calculations. The main research objective is to measure the changes in the household energy mix in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and infer the degree of the energy transition in the household sector. For this purpose, Moore index and delinking factor are applied. The results shed light on the slowness of the just energy transition and confirm the presence of the dual fuel trap. The households in CEE have been stuck in the traditional biomass trap and beyond it, the natural gas consumption also contributes to higher exposure and vulnerability of households. We conclude that territorial differences and spatial characteristics of household energy use need more attention to achieve the energy and climate policy agenda of the European Union.

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Copyright of Collectivus. Revista de Ciencias Sociales is the property of Universidad del Atlantico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Energy convergence, the decoupling of economic growth and energy use, and sustainable energy transition are all desirable objectives in the European Union. However, there are many contradictions and conflicts in the energy and climate policy that slow down the energy transition. In this paper, we focus on some of these barriers. The main research objective is to measure the changes in the household energy mix in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and infer the degree of the energy transition in the household sector. For this purpose, Moore, MLI and the NAV index, as well as the delinking factor are applied. The results shed light on the slowness of the just energy transition in CEE between 2006 and 2020 and confirm the presence of the dual fuel trap. The households in CEE have been stuck in the traditional biomass trap and beyond it, the natural gas consumption also contributes to higher exposure and vulnerability of households. We conclude that territorial differences and spatial characteristics of household energy use need more attention to achieve the energy and climate policy agenda of the European Union. Based on our results, energy efficiency and deep renovations must be prioritized to achieve sustainable and just energy transition in the studied countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]