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Introduction

The paradox of documenting history through gruesome visuals depicting the prominence of stories intrigues media researchers. Foundational work on the dual representation theory explains trauma transference to brain functions following disturbing emotional triggers. The analysis suggests an existing link between exposure to disturbing information and trauma. In East Africa, trauma and related psychological effects thrive amid rigid newsroom structures devoid of intervention mechanisms. The scarcity of trauma mitigations is not just an issue in journalism, but in society, as mental health concerns and other deprivations become common. Data from in-depth interviews with journalists reporting trauma in Kenya, Uganda, and Rwanda indicate a positive correlation between a heightened frequency of exposure to violent visuals and an increased manifestation of trauma. Data also show a dearth in psychosocial support, indicating a need for alternative mitigation strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concussions are an important issue facing the short- and long-term health of athletes. News media play an important role in shaping public perceptions of concussions. However, such coverage often provides inaccurate information, disinformation, and/or trivializes concussions. To address the problem, the Concussion Legacy Foundation (CLF) provides workshops to teach journalists to responsibly report about concussions during live and post-competition coverage. Spearheaded by journalism instructors, the present study tested the effectiveness of the workshops through an experiment with 90 college journalism students. Students who completed the training showed improvement in scores on a "concussion in sport" literacy exam. They also performed better on the examination than students in a control condition. Results suggest the training is effective and could be standardized for those studying to work in the field of sports journalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies into why young people choose to study journalism have often been informed by a belief in journalism's inherent worthiness within civil society. However, as surveys show decreasing trust in journalism and increasing avoidance of news in many countries, this article asks whether young people are being put off studying journalism in part because of rising public cynicism around its societal worth. The research compares data sets across multiple countries to explore whether there is a statistical relationship between attitudes among 18- to 20-year-olds toward trust in news and interest in learning to produce it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

FR. Comment l’intense médiatisation des violences sexistes et sexuelles ayant fait suite au mouvement numérique et transnational #MeToo a participé de la redéfinition du modèle traditionnel de l’excellence journalistique ? En quoi l’attention nouvellement accordée à ces enjeux a-t-elle favorisé l’importation de schèmes d’analyse féministe au sein des rédactions de presse écrite ? Nous suggérons que l’influence de #MeToo sur les mutations de la couverture du sujet s’explique en partie par la conversion symbolique de l’engagement militant de femmes journalistes en compétence professionnelle distinctive. La légitimation conjoncturelle de visions féministes du monde social aurait en outre contribué à la remise en cause d’un certain nombre de pratiques de sélection et d’écriture journalistiques. Un premier temps de cet article sera consacré à l’analyse des motivations et des conséquences du processus de stigmatisation des savoirs et savoir-faire féministes observé au sein des rédactions de presse écrite. Nous chercherons par la suite à comprendre les causes et effets du retournement partiel du stigmate féministe en contexte #MeToo. Seront ici discutés la centralité du rôle joué par quelques femmes journalistes ouvertement militantes, récemment nommées à des postes de responsabilité au sein de leur média respectif, ainsi que les efforts déployés par certains titres investis dans la dénonciation du sexisme pour mettre en scène la fiabilité de leurs publications. Nous interrogerons enfin les ressorts et conséquences de l’intérêt nouvellement porté par des hommes journalistes à des questions jusque-là assignées au genre féminin, sur la (re)définition de la division sexuée du travail journalistique. Cet article s’appuie sur l’analyse de près de 6 000 Unes et articles publiés entre 1980 et 2020 par quatorze journaux distincts. Cinquante entretiens semi-directifs ont par ailleurs été conduits auprès de journalistes et de leurs sources, afin de confronter l’analyse de contenus médiatiques aux représentations du sujet défendues par les principaux intéressés. *** EN. How has the intense media coverage of sexist and sexual violence following the digital and transnational #MeToo movement contributed to the redefinition of the traditional model of journalistic excellence? In what ways has the new attention paid to these issues encouraged the import of feminist frames of analysis into print newsrooms? We suggest that the influence of #MeToo on changes in the coverage of the topic can be explained in part by the symbolic conversion of women journalists' activist commitment into a distinctive professional expertise. The conjunctural legitimization of feminist visions of the social world may also have contributed to the questioning of a number of practices in journalistic selection and writing. The first part of this article analyzes the motivations and consequences of the process of stigmatizing feminist knowledge and practices in print media. We then seek to understand the causes and effects of the partial reversal of feminist stigma in the #MeToo context. Here, we discuss the centrality of the role played by some outspoken activist women journalists, recently appointed to positions of responsibility within their respective media, as well as the efforts made by certain titles committed to denouncing sexism to showcase the reliability of their publications. Finally, we examine the motivations and consequences of the new interest shown by male journalists in issues that had previously been assigned to the female gender, on the (re)definition of the gendered division of journalistic labor. This article is based on an analysis of nearly 6,000 covers and articles published between 1980 and 2020 by fourteen different newspapers. Fifty semi-directive interviews were also conducted with journalists and their sources, in order to compare the analysis of media content with the representations of the topic championed by the principal parties concerned. *** PT. Como a intensa midiatização da violência sexista e sexual, na esteira do movimento digital e transnacional #MeToo, tem contribuído para redefinir o modelo tradicional de excelência jornalística? De que forma a nova atenção dada a essas questões incentivou a importação de padrões de análise feministas nas redações da mídia impressa? Neste artigo, sugere-se que uma das razões para o impacto do movimento #MeToo sobre as mudanças na cobertura do tema seja a conversão simbólica do compromisso ativista das mulheres jornalistas em uma habilidade profissional diferenciada. A legitimação conjuntural de visões feministas do mundo social também pode ter contribuído para que fossem questionadas diversas práticas de seleção e redação jornalísticas. Em um primeiro momento, o artigo foca na análise das motivações e consequências do processo de estigmatização dos saberes e do know-how feministas observados nas redações da mídia impressa. Em seguida, busca-se compreender as causas e os efeitos da reversão parcial do estigma feminista no contexto do #MeToo. Neste artigo, discute-se a centralidade do papel desempenhado por algumas mulheres jornalistas abertamente militantes, que foram recentemente nomeadas para cargos de liderança em suas respectivas mídias, e os esforços de manchetes comprometidas em denunciar o sexismo no intuito de mostrar a confiabilidade das matérias publicadas. Por fim, analisa-se a origem do novo interesse demonstrado por jornalistas homens em questões até então atribuídas ao gênero feminino, e suas consequências na (re)definição da divisão de gênero no trabalho jornalístico. Este artigo baseia-se em uma análise de cerca de 6.000 manchetes e artigos publicados entre 1980 e 2020 em quatorze jornais diferentes. Também foram realizadas 50 entrevistas semiestruturadas com jornalistas e suas fontes, de forma a confrontar a análise dos conteúdos midiáticos com as representações do tema defendidas pelas partes interessadas. *** ES. ¿Cómo ha contribuido la intensa cobertura mediática de las violencias sexistas y sexuales a raíz del movimiento digital y transnacional #MeToo a la redefinición del modelo tradicional de excelencia periodística? ¿Cómo esta atención, prestada por primera vez a estos temas, ha favorecido la importación de patrones de análisis feministas a la prensa escrita? Sugerimos que la influencia de #MeToo en los cambios en la cobertura del tema puede explicarse en parte por la conversión simbólica del compromiso militante de las mujeres periodistas en una habilidad profesional distintiva. La legitimación coyuntural de visiones feministas del mundo social también puede haber contribuido al cuestionamiento de una serie de prácticas periodísticas de selección y redacción. La primera parte de este artículo se dedicará a analizar las motivaciones y consecuencias del proceso de estigmatización de los saberes y conocimientos feministas observado en la prensa escrita. A continuación, trataremos de entender las causas y los efectos de la reversión parcial del estigma feminista en el contexto #MeToo. Se debatirá el papel central desempeñado por varias mujeres periodistas abiertamente militantes, recientemente designadas para ocupar puestos de liderazgo en sus respectivos medios de comunicación, así como los esfuerzos realizados a través de algunos titulares dedicados a la denuncia del sexismo con el objetivo de demostrar la fiabilidad de sus publicaciones. Por último, examinaremos las razones y las consecuencias del nuevo interés mostrado por los hombres periodistas hacia temas hasta ahora asignados al género femenino, en relación a la (re)definición de la división sexual del trabajo periodístico. Este artículo se basa en un análisis de aproximadamente 6000 portadas y artículos publicados entre 1980 y 2020 por catorce periódicos diferentes. También se realizaron cincuenta entrevistas semiestructuradas con periodistas y sus fuentes, con el fin de comparar el análisis de contenidos mediáticos con las representaciones del tema defendidas por las personas principalmente interesadas. ***

Introduction

Cet article aborde les différentes manières dont Rodolfo Walsh recourt au journalisme. En s’appuyant sur ces formes journalistiques et ses enquêtes, nous tentons de définir ce que Rodolfo Walsh entend par écriture journalistique et quels sont les objectifs visés au moment de la publication d’un texte.

Copyright of Sur le Journalisme, About Journalism, Sobre Jornalismo is the property of Sur le journalisme, About journalism, Sobre jornalismo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sur le Journalisme, About Journalism, Sobre Jornalismo is the property of Sur le journalisme, About journalism, Sobre jornalismo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sur le Journalisme, About Journalism, Sobre Jornalismo is the property of Sur le journalisme, About journalism, Sobre jornalismo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Online program design is important for cross-cultural learning and cultural awareness and responsiveness. Because of the importance of these areas in journalism and similar fields, this research studies an intercultural "bridge" project with journalism and media-related students at a southwest U.S. university and four universities in Yemen. The paper presents an analysis of the students' experience of the cultural exchange on the platform, Slack, of journalism, and other types of media. Data demonstrated the impact of learning about each culture, and interculturally, through students' and instructors' perspectives versus news coverage provided by mainstream media. Intercultural bridge building and relationship development through collective activities and journalistic work also offered promise. The study also revealed impediments to seamless cultural exchanges and learning, and barriers to effective intercultural communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Journalism is a highly technology-dependent profession, and students, educators, and professionals must develop specific digital skills. This study uses the theory of disruptive innovation to examine how journalism educators adapt their programs in response to changing media environments. A survey of accredited journalism and mass communication programs identified three key challenges: the need for long-term investment, the ability to predict future change and demand, and difficulty in hiring faculty expertise. When asked which technologies will affect journalism curricula in the next 3 to 5 years, artificial intelligence (AI) topped the list, followed by drone journalism, virtual reality, and augmented reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quality of information consumed by citizens remains a crucial aspect of a working democracy. In recent years, fact-checking has emerged as an important safeguard against the spread of false and misleading content. This themed article offers an overview of notable recent studies on this topic published in Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly. Included works examine the practices and effects of fact-checking across diverse national contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The (under)representation of women in the news has received much attention in scholarly research. Using a population dataset of news broadcasts in Belgium, this article describes how gender equality has changed over time (2003–2021) and investigates which factors explain the presence (or absence) of women as speaking actors in the news. The findings reveal a structural underrepresentation of women in the news, but a slow increase in their presence over time. Overall, women are more equally represented in softer news topics or in non-elite roles. Remarkable is that women journalists tend to interview more female sources than their male counterparts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studii de Ştiintă şi Cultură is the property of Studii de Stiinta si Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cet article considère l’hypothèse que les institutions médiatiques et militaires ont intérêt à leur rapprochement lors des conflits. Il prend pour étude de cas la guerre coloniale d'Indochine, opposant la France aux indépendantistes vietnamiens (1945-1956). Il analyse un dispositif industrialisé de production, par l'armée française, d’images d’actualité dont la principale finalité était leur reproduction dans la presse, et il aborde trois questions : Comment a fonctionné cette organisation de production ? Peut-on considérer qu’elle a été performante au regard de l’ensemble des images diffusées par les journaux ? Et faut-il considérer que ce dispositif témoigne d’une coopération des institutions médiatiques et militaires dans la coproduction d’une représentation de la guerre d’Indochine ? Cet article met à profit deux sources : d’une part, les archives militaires (Service historique de la défense ; Établissement de communication et de production audiovisuelle de la défense) et civiles (Archives nationales d’outre-mer) sur l’organisation et les acteurs, d’autre part les publications de presse magazine et quotidienne de l’époque, en particulier les illustrés qui se développent rapidement à cette époque.

Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI), in its manifesto, promised a free and independent media with an autonomous Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority (PEMRA) which does not become a tool in the hands of the ruling party (Insaf, 2018). The present study examines the increased control of the PTI government and the military on media outlets, independent journalists, artists, and literary figures around the country. The paper also discusses the rebalancing of power structure and political dynamics in Pakistan, along with the role of presidential ordinances: Pakistan Media Development Authority (PMDA) and amendment to Prevention in Electronic Crimes Act (PECA), which aim to bolster control, curb the narrative, and further limit the freedom of expression. The paper investigates the institutionalization of these draconian regulations whose impact has already started to appear with the confiscation and setting ablaze of Urdu translations of Mohammad Hanif’s novel: A Case of Exploding Mangoes by unknown men in Karachi, a novel which illustrates the historical fictional account of General Zia’s last days as President of Pakistan (Hussain, 2020). Dawn, one of the country’s oldest newspapers, has been banned and denied distribution in army cantonments since 2018. It is hoped that the present study will create awareness regarding this shift of balance towards authoritarianism and provide factual understanding of the country’s current political milieu.

Copyright of Revista Lusofona de Educacao is the property of Universidade Lusofona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, CEIEF and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Credible journalism is a vital component of a successful democracy, but enrollment in journalism programs has been declining for years. We surveyed 288 students in 24 different majors from 14 California State University campuses to predict the likelihood of them pursuing a career in journalism. Using regression analysis, for journalism students, social justice concerns were the best predictor, for other majors, perceptions regarding fairness and accuracy of the media were the best predictors. Educators focusing on the contribution journalism makes to social justice and mitigating skepticism about the media are recommended to increase recruitment and retention of journalism majors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reflects the perspectives of journalism educators responsible for preparing journalists for careers in the Middle East and North Africa region, which has received little attention in trauma education research. A survey with quantitative and qualitative questions is used to reflect opinions of 101 journalism educators from Algeria, Sudan, and Palestine on journalism trauma-focused education and to elicit their attitudes toward incorporating trauma education into their institutions' journalism curricula. The findings revealed that journalism educators are particularly cognizant of the role of trauma in journalism practice and the relevance of incorporating trauma education elements into journalism curricula. Journalism educators have identified a number of barriers to incorporating trauma into their institutions' journalism curricula, as well as various perspectives on how to incorporate trauma-focused education into journalism curricula, which could call for changing how journalism is taught in their respective institutions. The study establishes a methodological foundation for other scholars to use when investigating triangulation (or the lack thereof) among educators, students, and practitioners in their own communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This exploratory study uses semi-structured, in-depth qualitative interviews (n = 32) with journalism educators at universities in Europe, Australia, North America, and the South Pacific to examine the current state of local news pedagogy. While these journalism educators understand the significance of the news desert crisis, their efforts to engage their students around the issue often fall short. Using an ecological framework of system theory, this paper argues that journalism higher education has largely failed in helping repair or preventing the crisis facing local news. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: It is now commonplace to say that democracy is in crisis. What exactly does that diagnosis mean? Analysis: Examining an archive of Google Alerts over the past three years, this commentary addresses themes and contradictions in the public debate about the so-called crisis of democracy. Conclusions and implications: The analysis shows that debate is characterized by significant disagreement on the nature of the crisis--how it started, its main symptoms, and its potential resolution. While this commentary rejects the assumption that liberal democracy is in crisis, it argues that there is radical insight and potential in this misguided view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studii de Ştiintă şi Cultură is the property of Studii de Stiinta si Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Le champ intellectuel et littéraire français au XXème siècle est profondément marqué par l’impact du périodique. La révolution médiatique, propulsée par la fondation le 09 janvier 1918 du Syndicat national des journalistes, a significativement et durablement marqué la vie littéraire en France, l’interpénétration entre journalisme et littérature étant devenue prégnante dès la décennie 1920-1930 où la scène du périodique est prise d’assaut par des écrivains. Les frontières entre les deux macro-scènes s’en trouvent même brouillées puisque des journalistes, tel Albert Londres, intègrent la Société des gens de Lettres sans avoir publié une seule œuvre littéraire au sens classique du terme. En fait, on n’en prend pas souvent la mesure, la pratique journalistique a ciselé en amont autant les préoccupations thématiques ultérieures que l’identité scripturale de futurs écrivains de renom. La présente étude, axée sur l’expérience d’Albert Camus, tente de montrer que contrairement à ce qu’il y paraît, le journalisme a été un creuset d’incubation pour l’écrivain consacré, prix Nobel de littérature. En s’appuyant sur les outils complémentaires et convergents de la sociocritique, de l’analyse du discours et des théories en régime médiatique, la réflexion souligne en quoi Camus-écrivain prend sa source dans Camus-journaliste et vice-versa. Abstract The French intellectual and literary field of the twentieth century is deeply touched by the impact of the periodic. The media revolution propelled by the foundation of the ninth of January of labour Union of national journalist. It has significantly and durably touched the literary life in France, the interpenetration between journalism and literature has become usual from the decade 1920-1930 where the periodic scene was dominated by writers. The borders between the two macro scenes are not even mixed up because some journalists like Albert Londres come into the world of literary novel classically talking. In fact we don’t often take it serious, the work of pressmen has turned down both the former thematic concerns and the identity of scriptural writers of high rank. This current study based on Albert Camus experience tries to show that contrarily to what it seems, the journalism is a sources of knowledge for a renowned writer who won the Nobel Prize of literature. Focusing on the complementary and converging tools of the criticism side of the society, the analysis of the speech, and some theories of the media lifestyle, we can see why Camus as a writer inspire himself from Camus-journalist and vice versa.

This article examines how newspaper coverage of inequality differs in Japan and South Korea, countries with comparable levels and nature of income inequality, but whose citizens maintain different attitudes toward it. Analyzing 18,630 articles in six major newspapers from 1990 to 2021, our analysis found (1) Japanese and South Korean newspapers report surprisingly little about inequality even in a period of growing inequality; (2) while South Korean newspapers significantly increased their coverage of within-country inequality in the 2010s, such a trend is not found in Japan; (3) progressive newspapers largely drive the increase in the coverage of inequality in South Korea. We also look closely into the four major topics within inequality coverage – income, employment, generation, and gender – to elaborate on qualitative differences in the ways inequality is discussed in newspapers in both societies. Our findings suggest that there exist nationally specific patterns of inequality coverage and offer important implications for the ongoing discussion about economic inequality in East Asia, as well as the literature on subjective inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, Julio Antonio Yanes Mesa proposes a methodology to expand the contents of classic Spanish journalism stories to the entire national territory, including peripheral regions such as the Canary Islands. The author argues that this proposal enriches knowledge by considering people's experiences and reflecting the reality of different regions of Spain. The importance of considering the influences of both Europe and America on the communicative model of the Canary Islands is highlighted. In addition, the history of journalism in the Canary Islands and its treatment in various works is analyzed, as well as the British presence on the islands and the relationship with Latin America. The article also discusses the dynamics of journalism in the Canary Islands during different periods, such as the period from 1868 to 1874 and the Second Republic in Spain. Canarian newspapers that carried out their work with freedom and independence during the Second Republic are mentioned, and the financial autonomy of Canarian newspapers during that period is highlighted. The document provides a list of books and articles related to the history of journalism in Spain and the Canary Islands. In summary, the author proposes a methodology from the "periphery" of the Canary Islands to address the history of Spanish journalism and avoid the reductionism of stories developed from the "center". [Extracted from the article]

The article analyzes the development of journalism in the Argentine province of Entre Ríos between 1819 and 1871. During this period, journalism in Entre Ríos was mainly state-controlled, with the emergence of official newspapers and the use of the press as a tool of war and factionalism. General Urquiza played a key role in the development of journalism in the region, financing and directly controlling the creation of newspapers. However, after his death in 1870, the system of state support for newspapers collapsed and the Entre Ríos press was at a disadvantage compared to the major newspapers in Buenos Aires. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Cuadernos de Información y Comunicación is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sur le Journalisme, About Journalism, Sobre Jornalismo is the property of Sur le journalisme, About journalism, Sobre jornalismo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sur le Journalisme, About Journalism, Sobre Jornalismo is the property of Sur le journalisme, About journalism, Sobre jornalismo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sur le Journalisme, About Journalism, Sobre Jornalismo is the property of Sur le journalisme, About journalism, Sobre jornalismo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sur le Journalisme, About Journalism, Sobre Jornalismo is the property of Sur le journalisme, About journalism, Sobre jornalismo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This monograph investigates the expression of anti-media populist sentiments by right-wing news media in India and the socio-technological, historical, economic, legal, and political factors that aid right-wing efforts to delegitimize professional journalism. Thematic analysis of 545 articles from Swarajya.com and OpIndia.com, a qualitative content analysis of Republic TV debates, and interviews with 24 Hindu nationalists on Twitter reveal the discursive strategies they use to discredit journalism. Themes in media criticism include claims that the mainstream media are corrupt and partisan, suppress Hindu voices, favor Muslim and Christian minorities, undermine national interests, and spread false narratives. These expressions aim to undermine journalists' credibility and position right-wing actors as challengers to the established media's hegemony. Meanwhile, the Modi government employs coercive measures to co-opt the media into providing favorable coverage to the BJP. These endeavors cause journalists to self-censor to safeguard personal safety and livelihood. Consequently, mainstream news content is increasingly homogeneous, eroding diverse perspectives. This shift weakens the media's watchdog role and shrinks the space for open debate and public deliberation in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on computerized and manual content analyses, we examined the theories, methods, topics, and authors' backgrounds of the empirical articles revolving around politics and media published by Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly (JMCQ) in its 100 years (N = 424). The most common theories are agenda-setting, framing, and selective exposure, and quantitative methods prevail with single-country studies being more prevalent than comparative analyses. A considerable portion of research has focused on political news, particularly during campaigns. Male, U.S.-based authors dominate, but female-authored work has increased in the past decade. Challenges remain to make the research on politics and media in JMCQ more generalizable globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The very first article published in the new Journalism Quarterly, in January 1924, was titled "The Professional Spirit." It was a fitting start for the journal, which over the next 100 years tracked the maturation of journalism as a profession and journalism studies as a field of scholarly inquiry. This article explores how "journalism" evolved in the pages of the journal through a turbulent century. By analyzing the changing debates and tracking the incremental but steady expansion of knowledge, we seek to provide insights into where journalism scholarship started, the path we traveled, and how we arrived at today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PT. A presente pesquisa se propõe a investigar o conteúdo e enquadramento das notícias que envolvem a temática da violência contra a mulher publicadas em sites de jornais da Amazônia Legal, no intuito de indicar quais são as características da produção sobre o tema em uma região onde os índices de violência são maiores do que a média nacional. Será que esses casos ganham repercussão midiática? E, quando ganham, de que maneira a violência contra a mulher é noticiada? Ressalta-se que, de acordo com Rayza Sarmento (2019), os meios de comunicação são peças centrais para se entender as desigualdades de gênero que se estabelecem nas sociedades. Uma das formas de se estudar as representações de gênero nesta instância é por meio do enquadramento. Assim, esse estudo se debruça sobre os conceitos de jornalismo regional (Peruzzo, 2005), gênero (Scott, 2019) e enquadramento (Entman, 1993) para responder sua problemática. Tendo isso em conta, esta pesquisa desenvolve uma Análise de Conteúdo e de Enquadramento da produção de três portais regionais: A Crítica (Manaus – AM), Diário de Cuiabá (Cuiabá – MT) e Diário Online (Belém – PA). O corpus da pesquisa conta com 96 notícias no total publicadas nos sites dos jornais no ano de 2021. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que a cobertura feita pelos veículos é, majoritariamente, composta por matérias breves e sem aprofundamento, carregando ainda marcas problemáticas como a culpabilização da vítima, seguindo a tendência de cobertura nacional. Há ainda uma forte presença de recursos emocionais nas narrativas. Também foram vistas notícias que reduzem a problemática a fim de relacionamentos e uma figura de mulher ainda relegada aos espaços privados. Além disso, notícias com um enquadramento que demonstre uma sensibilidade de gênero são incipientes, mesmo em um contexto em que a violência contra a mulher se faz mais presente do que em outras regiões brasileiras. *** EN. This research aims to examine the content and framing of news reports on the theme of violence against women published in online newspapers in the wider Amazon region (Amazonia Legal). The goal is to identify the characteristics of journalistic production on the topic in a region where the rates of violence are higher than the national average. Do these cases get media coverage? If so, how is violence against women represented? As Rayza Sarmento (2019) points out, the media are pivotal to understanding the gender inequalities that prevail within societies. One approach to studying gender representations is through framing. To address these issues, our study draws on the concepts of regional journalism (Peruzzo, 2005), gender (Scott, 2019) and framing (Entman, 1993). On these grounds, we developed a content and framing analysis of the production of three regional news portals: A Crítica, from Manaus (Amazonas), Diário de Cuiabá, Cuiabá (Mato Grosso) and Diário Online, Belém (Pará). Our research corpus includes 96 news articles published in 2021 on the websites of these newspapers. The results reveal that the coverage provided by these media consists mainly of short articles, generally superficial and harboring problematic features, such as victim-blaming, in line with an existing trend in national coverage. The use of an emotional register is also very common in these stories. Some articles minimize the issue of violence against women to the specific context of romantic break-ups, and continue to relegate women to the private sphere. Gender-sensitive news framing is still in its infancy, despite a context where violence against women is more pervasive than in other Brazilian regions. *** FR. Cette étude vise à examiner le contenu et le cadrage des actualités touchant au thème des violences faites aux femmes publiées sur les sites web de journaux de la région d’Amazonie légale du Brésil, afin de mettre en évidence les caractéristiques de la production journalistique sur ce sujet dans une région où les taux de violence sont plus élevés que la moyenne nationale. Ces cas ont-ils des répercussions médiatiques ? Si oui, comment les violences à l'égard des femmes sont-elles traitées ? Comme le souligne Rayza Sarmento (2019), les médias constituent des pièces maîtresses pour comprendre les inégalités de genre qui prévalent au sein des sociétés. L'une des façons d'étudier les représentations de genre est à travers le cadrage. Pour aborder ces questions, notre étude s'appuie sur les concepts de journalisme régional (Peruzzo, 2005), de genre (Scott, 2019) et de cadrage (Entman, 1993). Sur ces bases, nous avons développé une analyse de contenu et de cadrage de la production de trois portails d’information régionaux : A Crítica, de Manaus (Amazonas), Diário de Cuiabá, Cuiabá (Mato Grosso) et Diário Online, Belém (Pará). Notre corpus de recherche rassemble 96 articles d'actualité publiés en 2021 sur les sites web de ces journaux. Les résultats obtenus montrent que la couverture réalisée par ces médias correspond principalement à de courts articles, qui restent superficiels et présentent encore des aspects problématiques, comme le fait de culpabiliser les victimes, suivant en cela la tendance de la couverture nationale. Le recours à un registre émotionnel est également très fréquent dans ces récits. Certains articles réduisent ainsi la problématique des violences faites aux femmes au contexte particulier des ruptures amoureuses et continuent de reléguer les femmes dans l’espace privé. Les actualités présentant un cadrage sensible à la dimension du genre sont encore embryonnaires, malgré un contexte où les violences à l’égard des femmes sont plus présentes que dans d’autres régions brésiliennes. ***

This article showcases interviews conducted in 2014 with French Tunisian authors Fawzia Zouari and Hélé Béji as part of a PhD research project. The discussions open up dialogue around how these authors explore a number of themes across a diversity of literary genres, which include: journalism, essays, novels, as well as their decision to write in the French language. The conversations also delve into the authors' keen interest in women's rights in Tunisia before and after the 2010–11 Revolution, alongside their political commitment and contribution to a counter-discourse within their country. These interviews provide valuable insights into the authors' body of work and their impact on Tunisian society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has transformed journalistic practices and media roles in France and Germany. Analysis: As part of the Journalistic Role Performanc Project (JRP), 9,438 articl s published in France and Germany in 2020 were analyzed to determine trends in journalistic sources and the presence of six professional roles (watchdog, loyal facilitator, interventionist disseminator, service, infotainment, and civic) in n ws coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions and implications: Professional roles in French and German media production ar similar despit the countries having distinct media systems. However, notable differences exist in terms of journalistic practices. German media are characterized by the use of sources to justify institutional decisions. In contrast, French journalistic content is less politicized with a focus on "health" soures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

En explorant les différences entre visions normatives et pratiques réelles (Mellado, 2020), grâce à une analyse de contenu de plus de 3700 articles d’actualité, contextualisée par une enquête auprès de journalistes canadiens et approfondie par des entretiens, cet article fournit un aperçu complet de la performance du rôle journalistiques au Canada. Les résultats montrent des différences assez subtiles entre médias francophones et anglophones, une forte présence des journalistes canadiens dans leurs reportages, un niveau élevé du rôle d’infodivertissement. La production journalistique canadienne se démarque de celle des autres pays étudiés par l’importance des rôles civiques et de service; la place du rôle de chien de garde est toutefois moins grande dans les contenus que dans ce que rapportent les journalistes interrogés quant à leur conception personnelle du métier et leur perception de sa mise en oeuvre au sein de leur organisation.

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FR. L’objectif de cet article est d’analyser la relation entre les journalistes internationaux et les fixeurs locaux dans le contexte du reportage de guerre. Profession de l’ombre, le métier de fixeur reste méconnu malgré sa grande contribution aux correspondants étrangers dans des environnements inconnus et souvent hostiles. Le rôle des fixeurs est devenu indispensable à la pratique du journalisme international et du journalisme dans les zones de conflit. Les auteurs étudient les apports des fixeurs au travail des correspondants étrangers et présentent une étude de cas qui porte sur des journalistes canadiens et internationaux qui ont été accrédités par l’armée canadienne durant la guerre en Afghanistan entre 2002 et 2011. Les données de cette étude reposent sur des entrevues semi-structurées avec les correspondants étrangers et un corpus documentaire sur la couverture médiatique de la guerre en Afghanistan. La relation entre les journalistes accrédités et les fixeurs locaux a été un élément essentiel du reportage de guerre indépendant. En plus du reportage intégré (embedded), la plupart des journalistes interviewés ont pratiqué le reportage de guerre non-intégré, principalement auprès des sources politiques et civiles afghanes. L’analyse révèle une relation multiforme et complexe avec trois principaux apports du fixeur qui portent sur l’accès, la protection et la production. Le fixeur joue un rôle d’éclaireur et de traducteur pour assurer l’accès des correspondants étrangers aux sources locales dans un territoire qui a des caractéristiques linguistiques et culturelles propres (compétence locale). Le fixeur joue un rôle de protecteur qui repose sur des actions de conseil et de recommandation dans un environnement hostile pour assurer la sécurité des correspondants étrangers (compétence de risque). Le fixeur joue un rôle de producteur de contenu en contribuant au processus journalistique de production de l’information par la suggestion d’idées et d’angles de traitement ainsi que la réalisation d’entrevues et d’images (compétence éditoriale). *** EN. The purpose of this article is to analyze the relationship between international journalists and local fixers in the context of war reporting. A shadow profession, the craft of the fixer remains unrecognized despite its great contribution to foreign correspondents in unknown and often hostile environments. The role of fixers has become essential to the practice of international journalism and in conflict zones reporting. The authors study the fixers’ input to the work of foreign correspondents and present a case study on Canadian and international journalists who have been accredited by the Canadian military during the war in Afghanistan between 2002 and 2011. The data of this study is based on semi-structured interviews with foreign correspondents and a corpus of documents on media coverage of the war in Afghanistan. The relationship between accredited journalists and local fixers has been a critical part of unembedded independent war reporting. In addition to embedded reporting, most of the journalists interviewed practiced non-embedded war reporting, mainly with Afghan political and civilian sources. The analysis reveals a multifaceted and complex relationship with three main contributions of the fixer, which relate to access, protection and production. The fixer plays a role of scout and translator to ensure access for foreign correspondents to local sources in a territory that has specific linguistic and cultural characteristics (local skill). The fixer plays a protective role based on advice and recommendation actions in a hostile environment to ensure the safety of foreign correspondents (risk skill). The fixer plays a role of content producer by contributing to the journalistic process of newsgathering and production and by suggesting story ideas and story angles as well as conducting interviews and taking images (editorial skill). *** PT. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a relação entre jornalistas internacionais e fixers (facilitadores/mediadores locais) no contexto de reportagens de guerra. Profissional das sobras, o fixer permanece pouco conhecido, embora sua atuação contribua muito com o trabalho dos correspondentes estrangeiros em ambientes alheios e muitas vezes hostis. O papel do fixer tornou-se indispensável para a prática do jornalismo internacional e do jornalismo em zonas de conflito. Com base em análises das contribuições dos fixers ao trabalho dos correspondentes estrangeiros, os autores apresentam aqui um estudo de caso retratando os jornalistas canadenses e internacionais credenciados pelos militares canadenses durante a guerra no Afeganistão entre 2002 e 2011. Os dados são extraídos de entrevistas semiestruturadas com correspondentes estrangeiros e de um corpus de documentários sobre a cobertura jornalística da guerra no Afeganistão. Conclui-se que a relação entre jornalistas credenciados e fixers locais tem constituído elemento fulcral da reportagem independente de guerra. Além da reportagem embedded (em que o correspondente se desloca junto com as tropas), a maioria dos jornalistas entrevistados praticou reportagens de guerra não embedded, principalmente por meio de fontes políticas e civis afegãs. A análise revela uma relação multifacetada e complexa alicerçada em três principais contribuições do fixer: o acesso, a proteção e a produção. O fixer desempenha o papel de guia e tradutor para garantir o acesso dos correspondentes estrangeiros às fontes locais em um território com características linguísticas e culturais muito específicas (competência local). O fixer desempenha o papel de protetor por meio de conselhos e recomendações em um ambiente hostil para garantir a segurança dos correspondentes estrangeiros (competência de risco). O fixer desempenha o papel de produtor de conteúdo, contribuindo com o processo jornalístico de produção de notícias, sugerindo ideias e ângulos de tratamento, assim como a realização de entrevistas e de imagens (competência editorial). ***

FR. En 1870, lorsqu’éclate la guerre entre la France et la Prusse, le reportage de guerre n’existe pas encore sous la forme contemporaine. Les journaux quotidiens couvrent pourtant ce conflit de près, en envoyant des correspondants sur le terrain. Depuis le début de l’ère médiatique1, c’est en effet la première guerre sur le sol français. Cet article se focalise sur le récit qui en fait par ces correspondants, français, dans l’optique de chercher à identifier comment s’y forme un « proto-reportage » de guerre. À partir de la perspective représentationnelle formulée par Louis Marin, l’article montre comment les récits de guerre produisent un « effet de sujet-reporter » et comment cette posture spécifique à la guerre contribue à faire évoluer le reportage. Partant du postulat que la guerre constitue un moment d’accélération et de densification de la poétique de ce genre journalistique en construction, l’analyse est centrée sur le méta-discours qui, dans les articles de cinq quotidiens français, Le Figaro, Le journal des débats politiques et littéraires, Le Petit Journal, La Liberté et Le Gaulois, accompagne la couverture des faits d’armes. Ce méta-discours permet de saisir l’affirmation d’une figure du proto-reporter de guerre, à travers le récit des difficultés à surmonter pour réussir à communiquer l’information au quotidien comme à travers son imbrication dans différentes figures du collectif, de l’armée française à la nation toute entière. Au long de ces deux axes, l’article met en lumière la participation de ce « proto-reportage » de guerre et, à travers lui, de la presse d’information à la structuration d’imaginaires nationaux et à la « biographie des nations », tels que théorisés par Benedict Anderson. *** EN. When the war between France and Prussia broke out in 1870 the so-called “war reportage” did not exist as it is known today. Yet, the daily newspapers closely followed and covered this conflict, by sending journalists on the battlefield. Since the beginning of the “media era” 2 this was the first war that took place on French soil. This paper focuses on the narrative of the war as it was written by the French journalists in order to identify how this narrative shaped a “proto war reportage”. From a representational perspective, based on the writings of Louis Marin, the article shows how war narratives produced a “subject-reporter effect” and how this war-specific posture contributed to the evolution of the reportage. With the assumption that war acts as an acceleration and densification process in the development of this journalistic genre the analysis focuses on the meta-discourse in five French newspapers (Le Figaro, Le journal des débats politiques et littéraires, Le Petit Journal, La Liberté and Le Gaulois) that went along with the coverage of military and war. This meta-discourse enables to understand the affirmation of the proto war reporter through the narrative of difficulties regarding the daily communication with the newsrooms as well as its affiliation to several collective imaginaries such as the greatness of the French army or the French nation. Along these two topics the article highlights how this “proto war reportage” and therefore the news press contributes to the construction of national imaginaries and the “biography of nations” as theorized by Benedict Anderson. *** PT. Em 1870, quando explode a guerra entre a França e a Prússia, a reportagem de guerra ainda não existe em sua forma contemporânea. Entretanto, os jornais diários já cobriam de perto o conflito, enviando correspondentes a campo. Desde o início da era midiática, essa foi, de fato, a primeira guerra em solo francês. Este artigo dá foco às narrativas apresentadas por esses correspondentes franceses, no intuito de mostrar como se forma uma "proto-reportagem" de guerra. Com base na perspectiva representacional formulada por Louis Marin, o artigo mostra como as narrativas de guerra produzem um "efeito de sujeito-repórter" e como essa postura específica frente à guerra contribuiu para a evolução da reportagem. Partindo da premissa de que a guerra constitui um momento de aceleração e densificação da poética desse gênero jornalístico em construção, a análise se concentra no meta-discurso que, nas matérias de cinco diários franceses, Le Figaro, Le journal des débats politiques et littéraires, Le Petit Journal, La Liberté e Le Gaulois, acompanha a cobertura dos conflitos armados. Pela análise desse meta-discurso, identifica-se a afirmação da figura do proto-repórter de guerra, que se manifestas tanto nos relatos das dificuldades enfrentadas para conseguir comunicar diariamente informações, como na relação com diferentes figuras do coletivo, do exército francês e da nação como um todo. Com base nessas duas perspectivas, o artigo destaca a participação dessa "proto-reportagem" de guerra e, por meio dela, da imprensa de notícias na estruturação dos imaginários nacionais e na "biografia das nações", tal como teorizou Benedict Anderson. ***

This article explores the five-year career of French photojournalist Gilles Caron (1939-1970), who produced iconic photographs of major events such as the Six-Day and the Vietnam war at the end of the 1960s. Caron developed an art of portraiture applied to news topics, which became his trademark. This personal "style" and his critical approach towards journalism were emphasized posthumously to distinguish him from his peers and promote him to the status of an artist. But these specificities were an integral part of his practice as a photojournalist, and only demonstrate that if Caron produced an oeuvre, it was within the realm of his profession. This article retraces the development of his approach and its success in the illustrated press; it then analyzes his reflexive stance towards image making, as evidenced in his tribute to the techniques of film when he worked on movie sets and in the ethical questions raised by his coverage of the Biafra war. Drawing on his archives - press prints, contact sheets and publications that were extensively digitized by his foundation, it offers an overview of the production of this well-known figure of post-war photography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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