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In the People's Republic of Poland1, blue jeans were much more than just an element of clothing. They have become a symbol of freedom, a generational rebellion, and an aspiration for the world on the other side of the Iron Curtain. Aid parcels sent by relatives, mainly from the USA and also from Great Britain, Canada, and Australia played a significant role in getting to know denim clothing in socialist Poland. In the second half of the 1960s, the domestic production of substitute denim-like materials2, including denim-like trousers, was started. They were a response to the demand, in particular, of groups of young people for products made of this type of material. The new improvements and material inventions were supervised by the association of clothing industries and research laboratories, which played an essential role in the creation of materials for domestic production (Kortan 1981). A group of active Polish textile and fashion designers contributed to promote comfortable denim clothing from the West. This article presents the role of the denim clothing industry in Poland during the socialist period (1952–1989), considering the cultural context and the impact of this clothing on discovering alternative forms, replacing the originals from capitalist countries. It should be noted that in the People's Republic of Poland, new types of textile materials were developed and improved so that they corresponded, at least in part, to materials from the West and filled in product gaps. To this end, proprietary commercial versions of fabrics used to produce garments, including the jeans discussed in this publication, were made of a textile known as in Polish word "Teksas" a denim substitute. Researching archival materials and showing achievements in the field of textiles and fashion fills the gap in research on cultural significance of fashion, textile materials and the production of denim and clothing from domestic fabrics of the socialist era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The website has information about the product's name, price, and specifications, which aims to make it easier for customers to choose the product they want to buy. This website is exclusively for men's jeans. This men's jeans E-Commerce Website contains information about products for men's needs. Andika Jeans previously used conventional methods, where customers had to come to the store to see the product. With these problems, the Andika Jeans website was created. The method used in this writing is SWLDC, which has several stages: analysis, design, implementation, and trial. The conclusion that can be drawn from this website is that it aims to get information about the available products so that visitors can easily choose products that meet their needs. This website has been hosted so that customers can access it and can also place and confirm orders. This website has been tested in several browsers and devices, and the results of this website function very well; this website can be accessed via http://widisystem. co/andikajeans/. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the textile sector's intense economic activity, its effluents are known to contribute to water quality degradation, with ecological and ecotoxicological implications. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of pure textile dyes (tartrazine yellow and indigo blue) on the growth of the cyanobacterium species Microcystis aeruginosa through direct and indirect methods. Furthermore, it aimed to verify whether this species has bioremediation potential in effluents contaminated with dyes through ecotoxicological evaluation and color reduction. Therefore, we added an inoculum of 3x10³ cells/mL of M. aeruginosa to a concentration of 500 mg/L of each pure dye in solutions with WC medium. They remained in direct and indirect light for seven days, and the number of cells was evaluated over 168 hours. Then, we collected two types of effluents representative of the dyes studied (jeans factory blue dye and carpet factory yellow dye), which remained raw and diluted by 50%. We added an inoculum of 8.64x10³ ± 93 cells/mL of this cyanobacterium to each effluent. Moreover, we added a control without inoculum for each condition. Aeration remained constant for 25 days. We conducted ecotoxicological evaluations of the effluents (before and after 25 days of bioremediation) through seven-day assays with the larvae of Danio rerio, verifying survival and growth parameters. The results showed that the cyanobacterium grew significantly in direct contact with the tartrazine yellow dye (1.49x105 ± 1910 cells/mL). However, growth was reduced with both dyes in indirect contact, and there was total inhibition with indigo blue in direct contact, significantly differing from the control. After 25 days, the number of cells in the effluents diluted by 50% decreased compared to the inoculated amount. Considering the color reduction in the carpet factory effluent (100%), the presence of cells enabled a 43% reduction, and in the only aerated condition, 34.6% decolorization. Thus, considering the greater color degradation in the presence of cyanobacteria in this effluent, we believe that cell growth and active metabolism occurred before the 25 days tested. The color removal percentages in the presence of cells did not reduce toxicity. Therefore, we concluded that M. aeruginosa has the potential to grow in high concentrations of tartrazine yellow (500 mg/L). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To date, clothing has been produced and disposed of in large quantities. It is also known that each process, from the procurement of raw materials to production, transportation, sales, laundry, and disposal, has a significant environmental impact. According to the Global Fashion Agenda, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the fashion industry account for 4% of the global total. Therefore, apparel makers are shifting from a linear economy to a circular economy. For example, the Japanese start-up Curelabo Co., Ltd. (Okinawa, Japan) developed jeans (bagasse washi jeans) made from bagasse, which is a residual material derived from sugarcane after the extraction of cane juice. Furthermore, the use of improved dyeing reduces boiler fuel consumption and eliminates the need for detergents and acid. For disposal, the used jeans and their production waste are processed into biochar for carbon sequestration. In this study, we attempted to calculate GHG emissions using life cycle assessment (LCA) for the circular economy model developed by Curelabo Co., Ltd. GHG emissions from the production of bagasse washi jeans were 1.09 × 101 kg-CO2e. Dyeing, bleaching, and fabric finishing, known as the wet processes, were found to contribute a large proportion of GHG emissions due to their high energy consumption. Furthermore, the entire lifecycle of GHG emissions from bagasse washi jeans, including transport, sales, laundry, and disposal, were 1.53 × 101 kg-CO2e. First, the use of bagasse washi yarn for the weft reduced by 2.99 × 10−1 kg-CO2e compared with the use of conventional 100% bleached cotton yarn. Second, compared with conventional dyeing, GHG emissions from the improved dyeing process were reduced by 2.78 kg-CO2e. Third, the disposal of the used jeans and their production waste into biochar reduced GHG emissions by 9.01 × 10−1 kg-CO2e. Additionally, GHG emissions can be reduced by re-inputting waste in the paper-making process and by using liquefied natural gas as boiler fuel in the dyeing process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tremendous development in intelligent wearable gadgets creates opportunities for flexible strain sensors. Comfortable and safe flexible strain sensors have high demand in wearable applications and therefore the textile-based strain sensors are desired. Achieving attributes like easy fabrication, cost-effectiveness, high sensitivity, good stability, and portability is still a challenge to overcome. In this regard, textile-based flexible strain sensors, one on jeans fabric and other on cotton fabric, are presented. A conventional interdigitated electrode structure is adopted and sensors are prepared by facile and economical fabrication process. Both sensors own high sensitivity factors, i.e., gauge factor >200 and stability of >10 000 cycles. The anticipated works show a linear response R² = 0.99, low hysteresis <5%, and minimum resolution <7°. The intended sensors are implemented for real-time application, i.e., the physiotherapy of the knee and neck. The jeans-fabric-based sensor is used for knee therapy and the cotton for neck. The daily therapy sessions are recorded and examined. The sensors respond well to the applied strain during therapy sessions, proving to be an outstanding choice for integration into biomedical wearable devices for therapeutic purposes. The proposed sensors can also be auspicious candidates for targeting many other wearable applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, an irregular octagonal two-port MIMO patch antenna is designed specifically for New Radio (NR) 5G applications in the mid-band sub-6 GHz. The proposed antenna comprises an irregularly shaped patch antenna equipped with a regular 50-ohm feed line and a parasitic strip line antenna, and is partially grounded. Jeans material serves as a substrate with an effective dielectric constant of 1.6 and a thickness of 1 mm. This material is studied experimentally. The proposed antenna design undergoes analysis and optimization using the ANSYS HFSS tool. Furthermore, the design incorporates the influence of the slot on both the ground plane and the parasitic strip line to optimize performance, enhance isolation, and improve impedance matching among antenna elements. The dimensions of the jeans substrate are 40 mm × 50 mm. The simulated impedance bandwidth ranged from 3.6 GHz to 7 GHz and the measured bandwidth was slightly narrower, from 4.35 GHz to 7 GHz. The simulation results demonstrated an isolation level greater than 12 dB between antenna elements, while the measured results reached 28.5 dB, and the peak gain for this proposed antenna stood at 6.74 dB. These qualities made this proposed antenna suitable for various New Radio mid-band 5G wireless applications within the sub-6 GHz band, such as N79, Wi-Fi-5/6, V2X, and DSRC applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The filamentous Thermoascus aurantiacus fungus characterized by its thermophilic nature, is recognized as an exceptional producer of various enzymes with biotechnological applications. This study aimed to explore biotechnological applications using polygalacturonase (PG) derived from the Thermoascus aurantiacus PI3S3 strain. PG production was achieved through submerged fermentation and subsequent purification via ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration methods. The crude extract exhibited a diverse spectrum of enzymatic activities including amylase, cellulase, invertase, pectinase, and xylanase. Notably, it demonstrated the ability to hydrolyze sugarcane bagasse biomass, corn residue, and animal feed. The purified PG had a molecular mass of 36 kDa, with optimal activity observed at pH 4.5 and 70 °C. The activation energy (Ea) was calculated as 0.513 kJ mol−1, highlighting activation in the presence of Ca2+. Additionally, it displayed apparent K m, V max, and K cat values of at 0.19 mg mL−1, 273.10 U mL−1, and 168.52 s−1, respectively, for hydrolyzing polygalacturonic acid. This multifunctional PG exhibited activities such as denim biopolishing, apple juice clarification, and demonstrated both endo- and exo-polygalacturonase activities. Furthermore, it displayed versatility by hydrolyzing polygalacturonic acid, carboxymethylcellulose, and xylan. The T. aurantiacus PI3S3 multifunctional polygalacturonase showed heightened activity under acidic pH, elevated temperatures, and in the presence of calcium. Its multifunctional nature distinguished it from other PGs, significantly expanding its potential for diverse biotechnological applications.

Copyright of China Fiber Inspection / Zhongguo Xian-Jian is the property of China Fiber Inspection and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Background Ballistics deals with the study of projectile propulsion, flight, and impact in any medium. Different garment materials can have varying effects when it comes to the penetration of pellets into the body. Body armor has been around for a long time. Dhal, a curving strip of rhino hide, was possibly the first armor in India, used for sword fighting or defense against arrows and spears. It gave way to steel armor, which protected the body’s essential organs from spear and arrow strikes. The current study is primarily concerned with how jeans material, when employed as body armor, contributes to the inquiry. The present study also examines how airgun pellets fired at various ranges affect jeans clothing wrapped around gel blocks. Results The study concluded that when fired at varied ranges, there was no significant variation in the diameters of the entry holes on clothing material. The gel block covered with jeans clothing was not found to be more damaged. Conclusions The findings also indicate that pellets had larger track lengths regardless of the range from which they were fired.

The proposed work shows the textile antenna design for the IEEE C band and future 5G communication. The proposed antenna #2 is compact with the size of 0.674λ × 0.712λ and it is designed using jeans fabric as the dielectric substrate of εr = 1.7 and thickness = 4 mm. The values of the S11 parameter of the antenna are below −10 dB, with a high gain of around 15 dB. The antenna is radiating with two frequency bands from 4 to 18 GHz and 24 to 58 GHz; in addition to this, the proposed antenna acts as a notch filter for the 8–12 GHz frequency band. The bandwidth achieved for the antenna is 4 GHz and greater than 34 GHz. The bending analysis of the antenna has been carried out at a radius of 80 mm and an angle of 90°. The value of simulated group delays for the proposed antenna is constant and varies from 0.02138 to 0.4251 ns, and the measured values range from 0.0507 to 0.6425 ns. The proposed antenna can be used for WiMAX, 5G and GPS applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, an irregular octagonal two-port MIMO patch antenna is designed specifically for New Radio (NR) 5G applications in the mid-band sub-6 GHz. The proposed antenna comprises an irregularly shaped patch antenna equipped with a regular 50-ohm feed line and a parasitic strip line antenna, and is partially grounded. Jeans material serves as a substrate with an effective dielectric constant of 1.6 and a thickness of 1 mm. This material is studied experimentally. The proposed antenna design undergoes analysis and optimization using the ANSYS HFSS tool. Furthermore, the design incorporates the influence of the slot on both the ground plane and the parasitic strip line to optimize performance, enhance isolation, and improve impedance matching among antenna elements. The dimensions of the jeans substrate are 40 mm × 50 mm. The simulated impedance bandwidth ranged from 3.6 GHz to 7 GHz and the measured bandwidth was slightly narrower, from 4.35 GHz to 7 GHz. The simulation results demonstrated an isolation level greater than 12 dB between antenna elements, while the measured results reached 28.5 dB, and the peak gain for this proposed antenna stood at 6.74 dB. These qualities made this proposed antenna suitable for various New Radio mid-band 5G wireless applications within the sub-6 GHz band, such as N79, Wi-Fi-5/6, V2X, and DSRC applications.

Background: Ballistics deals with the study of projectile propulsion, flight, and impact in any medium. Different garment materials can have varying effects when it comes to the penetration of pellets into the body. Body armor has been around for a long time. Dhal, a curving strip of rhino hide, was possibly the first armor in India, used for sword fighting or defense against arrows and spears. It gave way to steel armor, which protected the body's essential organs from spear and arrow strikes. The current study is primarily concerned with how jeans material, when employed as body armor, contributes to the inquiry. The present study also examines how airgun pellets fired at various ranges affect jeans clothing wrapped around gel blocks. Results: The study concluded that when fired at varied ranges, there was no significant variation in the diameters of the entry holes on clothing material. The gel block covered with jeans clothing was not found to be more damaged. Conclusions: The findings also indicate that pellets had larger track lengths regardless of the range from which they were fired. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The functionality requirements involved in the choice of materials aim to ensure a state of thermophysiological, psychosensory and dynamic comfort of the wearer as well as the ergonomic requirements and functions that relate to ensuring the mobility of the body. Obtaining jeans products by knitting methods ensures the improvement of their softness and comfort capabilities. From here came the author’s idea, to carry out a study on obtaining knitted structures imitation jeans that correspond to all the requirements mentioned. For this we chose 100% cotton yarns, which we knitted in several structures, in order to be able to choose the most suitable variant for making this type of jeans. In this paper there are presented three variants of knitted structure. The results obtained from the study show that the jeans knitted using type 3 method is the one that meets the most requirements related to the realization of a comfortable and aesthetically pleasing pair of jeans even under the conditions of a home office. The knitted structure can also provide a variety of models with general comfort values that are superior to those made of fabric structures. The knitted structure was made on the sir 123 fineness 14 rectilinear knitting machine, produced by Shima Seiki in Japan. These knitting machines use, for product projection, the SDS-One graphics station or the APEX graphics station- the variant of the last generations.

This study investigates jeans use as well as the discursive practices that framed jeans-wearing in 1960s and 1970s socialist Yugoslavia. We adopt a practice theory approach that goes beyond the expressive capacity of jeans and focuses on their material and practical capacity as an epitome of cultural transformation. Practices discussed include embodied practices enabled by jeans and those that have jeans as their target, such as smuggling, dreaming, remaking, appreciation of authentic jeans and rejection of domestic substitutes, emotions about jeans, wearing jeans, and public narratives regarding jeans. We find that the significance of jeans-wearing was created by difficulty of access, the practice of semi-legal smuggling, contact with the West, and the "Italianness" of jeans. Jeans are conceptualized as a key point of connection between material and social transformation and a new structure of feeling, including the intimate experience of the body and its public presentation. We argue that the study of material artifacts as integral to certain practices helps us approach the larger systemic dimensions of (socialist) subjectivity and social transformation against the backdrop of the symbolic boundaries that divided East and West. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Advanced Textile Technology is the property of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Magazines and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research presents an ultra-wideband (UWB) textile antenna design for body-centric applications. The antenna is printed on a 1 mm thick denim substrate with a 1.7 relative permittivity. The jeans substrate is sandwiched between a partial ground plane and a radiating patch with a Q-shaped slot. The slotted radiating patch is placed above the substrate and measures 27.8 mm × 23.8 mm. In free space, the antenna covers the ultra-wideband spectrum designated by the Federal Communication Commission (FCC). Various parameters of the antenna design were changed for further performance evaluation. Depending on the operating frequency, the antenna's realized gain varied from 2.7 to 5 dB. The antenna achieved high radiation efficiency with an omnidirectional radiation pattern. A parametric study was performed in research on varying antenna substrates and other components of the antenna. The three outermost layers of the human body are used to model a human phantom for on-body simulation. After that, the antenna was placed at five different distances from the phantom. The findings demonstrate that at close distances to the phantom, the antenna's gain and efficiency at lower frequencies are reduced. The antenna's radiation efficiency and gain were much higher at higher frequencies for distances greater than 6 mm. Compared to free space, the antenna's radiation pattern was more omnidirectional, especially at higher frequencies. This antenna is novel, compact and has an ultra wide bandwidth, a maximum of 94.60% radiation efficiency and a 5 dBi gain that will make it a good candidate for body-centric communications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O envelhecimento populacional é um fenômeno que atinge todos os países do mundo. A geração baby boomer apresenta a maior parte de seus integrantes dentro da fase da vida humana considerada idosa, que corresponde aos indivíduos com sessenta anos ou mais. Esses consumidores, apesar de numerosos, ainda são esquecidos e subestimados pelo mercado de moda, no qual enfrentam dificuldades para encontrar roupas que despertem o interesse, sejam atrativas, confortáveis e se adéquem aos seus corpos. Um produto de moda que demonstra bem tal dificuldade é o jeans, pois muitas empresas e designers de moda acabam ignorando as mudanças biopsicossociais e as especificidades ergonômicas desse público. A importância do jeans se dá em razão de seu valor simbólico e de mercado. O presente artigo tem como objetivo avaliar o perfil do consumidor da geração baby boomer quanto ao consumo de peças jeans. Trata-se de uma pesquisa survey, descritiva, com delineamento transversal e abordagem quantitativa. Adotou-se a amostragem por conveniência e não probabilística. Com base nos resultados obtidos, constatou-se que ainda há falta de informação, interesse, oferta e até pouca ou nenhuma comunicação pelas empresas de moda, especialmente do segmento jeanswear, direcionada aos baby boomers, o que acarreta baixo consumo e menor número de peças jeans nos guarda-roupas dessa geração. Esse grupo geracional apresenta especificidades que demandam a apreensão e o desenvolvimento de peças orientadas para as suas necessidades biopsicossociais.

For providing security to the people, who survive in country borders, mine and chemical industries, wearable devices with sensors can be used to follow their activities through sensors. The main element of that security device is the antenna. Based on the construction, utility, and performance, miniaturized MicroStrip Patch (MSP) antennas are mainly preferred. In this paper, the compact MSP antenna design, using various flexible multilayer substrate materials with Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) structures, has been proposed to resonate at 2.45 GHz in ISM band. The simulated and the measured parameters have been analyzed and an improvement in gain up to 6 dB has been achieved compared to the existing technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research article, a compact array antenna is presented and further it is attached with human body like brain to look up the effects and consequences of high frequency radiation on human brain. Array antenna is presented to operate at X-band which is also used in civil, military and government institutions for weather monitoring, air traffic control, etc. This type of band has wavelength range 3.75–2.5 cm. The performance of antenna is measured both in free space and on human body. High directivity of 5.766 dBi at 11.75 GHz is obtained which is very good for communication system. According to FCC limit, the SAR value at 1 g tissue is 1.6 Watt/kg. High radiation array antenna having value of SAR will decide whether this antenna is a good choice to operate by human or is only be useful for military operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is a case of working by analogy to apply successful work from one field, the kinetic theory of gases, to another field, the distribution of stars in globular clusters. The origin of the analogy lies in Henri Poincaré reading a vague suggestion by Lord Kelvin and recognizing the interest and potential value of this suggestion. The result is the application of mechanics to the dynamics of clusters with very many stars. A good idea, even a very clever good idea, still takes significant work to elaborate in all its implications. Here we see assumptions that lead to partial success in providing a relation between the density of stars in a cluster and the distance from the center. Partial success motivated work using assumptions that were less restrictive. We follow the assumptions and work through 1916, when work paused for many years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Metropolitana de Sustentabilidade is the property of Revista Metropolitana de Sustentabilidade - RMS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents the design and analysis of a miniaturized and novel wearable ultra-wideband (UWB) band-notch textile antenna for Body Area Networks (BANs). The major goal of building the antenna for wearable applications with band notch in X-band is to reject the downlink band (7.25 to 7.75 GHz) of satellite communication in the UWB frequency ranges of 3.1-10.6 GHz to keep away from interference. Computer Simulation Technology (CST) TM Microwave Studio, which is user-friendly and reliable, was used to model and simulate the antenna. The radiating element of the antenna is designed on Jeans' textile substrate, which has a relative permittivity of 1.7. The thickness of the jeans' fabric substrate has been considered to be 1 mm. Return loss, gain, bandwidth, impedance, radiation, and total efficiency, and radiation patterns are presented and investigated. The antenna is simulated placed on the three layers of the human body model, and the on-body results are summarized in comparison with free space. Results and analysis indicate that this antenna has good band-notch characteristics in the frequency range of 7.25 GHz to 7.75 GHz. The parametric study varying the relative permittivity of Jeans' fabric substrate of this antenna is also evaluated. In addition, effects on the antenna parameters of variation of ground plane size have been reported. The antenna is 25 mm × 16 mm × 1.07 mm in total volume. Results reveal that this antenna achieves the design goal and performs well both in free space and on the body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Actas de Diseño is the property of Facultad de Diseno y Comunicacion, Fundacion Universidad de Palermo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Microplastic particles are a burgeoning population crisis in the marine environment. This research examines the emission of microfibers from three different jeans (garments) during domestic washing. The jeans types, washing temperature, washing duration, spin speed, detergent types, and addition of conditioner are the main factors for this research work. The average length and diameter of the microfibers for the 100% PET jeans (jeans-P) has 7800 ± 4000 μm and 11.9±3.2 μm and for polyester/cotton jeans (jeans-PB) has 4900 ± 2200 μm 17.4±4.8 μm, respectively. The maximum microfiber released was observed in the rigorous washing treatment (90 min, 60°C, 1400 rpm, powder detergent with the presence of conditioner). The surmised number of microfibers discharged from the 1 kg wash load of jeans-P was calculated within the extent of 2300000–4900000 microfibers, and it is varied by the washing treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a novel wearable wideband antenna for application in wireless medical communication systems (0.9–6 GHz) is designed. For bandwidth enhancement, five parallel metal plates (PMPs) are placed on the top of the antenna's patch without any disturbing effects on the performances. With the help of the proposed method, the bandwidth has been increased by about 3 GHz in comparison with the conventional one. The antenna dimensions are 60 × 48 × 0.8 mm3 or 0.72 × 0.57 × 0.009 λg3 where λg is the guided wavelength at 2.4 GHz. Simple design, wearable, wide bandwidth, and compact size are the most important benefits of the proposed antenna. Finally, to prove the simulations and designs, the proposed antenna was fabricated. The measurement outcomes are also consistent with the simulation results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, laser beams have been introduced in many fields for their high accuracy and high speed. Therefore, they have spread in industries that rely on the use of cutting, engraving and engraving techniques in the implementation of their products on different materials such as paper, glass, metal, acrylic and wood.The clothing of jeans is very common in the recent period due to the demand of consumers in summer and winter, and with the rapid development, jeans fabrics are not limited to cotton fiber and can be mixed with polystyrene and others, which adds to the fabrics of jeans and other characteristics and affect the quality of the final product.The aim of the research is to: Present design proposals for the decoration of denim garments by laser cutting technology, and to determine the quality standards of laser cutting for the decorative design of the jeans. The research follows the descriptive analytical approach with the applied study.The results were as follows: 1 - The degree obtained by the designs ranged from 89.68% for the second design and 98.84% for the third design, which indicates the achievement of the foundations and elements of the design and the aesthetic aspect of the design of the denim clothes with decorative design using laser cutting.2 - The sample of fabrics obtained according to the ratio of fiber mixing (60% cotton - 30% polyester - 8% viscose - 2% spandex) the highest proportion of 96.85%.3- The best distance between the units in the decorative design is 5: 6 mm by 82.35%.

The functionality requirements involved in the choice of materials aim to ensure a state of thermophysiological, psychosensory and dynamic comfort of the wearer as well as the ergonomic requirements and functions that relate to ensuring the mobility of the body. Obtaining jeans products by knitting methods ensures the improvement of their softness and comfort capabilities. From here came the author's idea, to carry out a study on obtaining knitted structures imitation jeans that correspond to all the requirements mentioned. For this we chose 100% cotton yarns, which we knitted in several structures, in order to be able to choose the most suitable variant for making this type of jeans. In this paper there are presented three variants of knitted structure. The results obtained from the study show that the jeans knitted using type 3 method is the one that meets the most requirements related to the realization of a comfortable and aesthetically pleasing pair of jeans even under the conditions of a home office. The knitted structure can also provide a variety of models with general comfort values that are superior to those made of fabric structures. The knitted structure was made on the sir 123 fineness 14 rectilinear knitting machine, produced by Shima Seiki in Japan. These knitting machines use, for product projection, the SDS-One graphics station or the APEX graphics station-the variant of the last generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El presente artículo tiene por objetivo mostrar, desde un abordaje etnográfico, a los productores rurales de pantalones de mezclilla en San Mateo Ayecac, Tlaxcala, México como sujetos rurales que logran administrar su propia precariedad y valoran en la flexibilidad una oportunidad para generar negocios productivos por cuenta propia, haciendo uso de los recursos inmediatos: tierras de cultivo, viviendas y relaciones de confianza que les permiten generar un tipo de economía subalterna, donde ellos asumen la figura de dueños y trabajadores, a la vez, incorporan lo flexible y lo precario como un modo de existencia de larga data que incide en su estilo de vida, transita por un proceso de socialización y absorbe las condiciones y organización del trabajo. Es decir, emergen como nuevos sujetos rurales de los poros del capitalismo neoliberal como población excedente y al mismo tiempo responsables de su propia sobrevivencia y manutención.

Copyright of Cuadernos de Antropología Social is the property of Cuadernos de Antropologia Social and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study collected maximum static lifting strength (MSLS) data from 13 males and 13 females at an exertion height of 10–100 cm above the floor (in 10-cm increments) in wearing athletic shorts and wearing jeans conditions. Knee angles were also examined when participants performed the MSLS tasks. Results showed that gender, pant type and exertion height significantly affected participants' MSLS and corresponding knee angle. The effect of wearing jeans primarily occurred at 10–40 cm; meanwhile, male participants tended to stoop while exerting force. This substantially decreased their MSLS (55 N). For female participants in this exertion height range, no significant difference was found in knee angles; accordingly, wearing jeans only slightly affected their MSLS. In summary, wearing jeans had a noticeable effect on the MSLS of male participants, who should be particularly careful when performing lifting tasks at a height of less than 50 cm above the floor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]