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Radiation treatment plays a mainstream role in the management of head and necksquamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). Adverse effects from radiation therapy include osteoradionecrosis of the jaw, and rarely, pathologic fracture. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) such as pembrolizumab are of growing relevance to the management of metastatic and recurrent HNSCCs. Adverse impacts on bone secondary to medications such as pembrolizumab and nivolumab have been sporadically documented in the literature. The objective of this manuscript is to raise awareness of possible increase in risk for adverse jaw outcomes in patients with HNSCCs exposed to both radiation treatment to the jaws and ICI therapy. This manuscript documents adverse jaw outcomes including osteonecrosis and pathologic fracture of the mandible in two patients receiving pembrolizumab for management of HNSCC who had received prior radiation treatment. A potential link between immunotherapy and adverse jaw outcomes is consistent with the growing understanding of osteoimmunology, investigating the closely interrelated processes in bone remodeling and immune system function, in health and disease. It is important to ascertain if pembrolizumab poses an incremental risk for such outcomes, beyond the risk from prior radiation, for patients managed with radiation treatment and ICI therapy for HNSCC. The general dental practitioner may encoun-tersuch patients either in the context of facilitating dental clearance prior to initiation of chemotherapy, or rarely, with poorly explained jaw symptoms and must be alert to the possibility of occurrence of such adverse jaw events to facilitate timely diagnosis and optimal patient management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Objectives Methods Results Conclusion There are few published data on the prevalence, pattern of anatomic distribution and predictors of various cranial tremors (eg, head, voice, jaw) in essential tremor (ET). Given the high levels of diagnostic misclassification in ET, data on observed clinical patterns would be valuable.To assess the prevalence, pattern of anatomic distribution and predictors of occurrence of cranial tremors in ET.ET cases who enrolled in two studies (respective n's = 301 and 175, total n = 476) underwent a detailed clinical assessment, which included a videotaped neurological examination. A senior movement disorders neurologist reviewed the examination and coded a range of cranial tremors as present or absent.The proportion of cases with any cranial tremor was 57.1% (Study 1) and 73.7% (Study 2). The following patterns emerged: (1) Head only and head + voice were the most commonly observed anatomical distribution of tremor. (2) Jaw tremors were rare, and face and tongue tremors, exceedingly rare. (3) There was a general layering‐on of tremor from head to head + voice to head + voice + jaw in more advanced cases. (4) Women were more likely to have head tremors than men, although there was no sex predilection tremor in other locations. (5) The likelihood of cranial tremor increased with greater tremor severity and age but was unrelated to tremor duration.We observed and quantified several patterns in the expression of cranial tremors in ET. Data on such patterns may assist clinicians and researchers in assigning diagnoses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Semigenetta Helbing, 1927 is a small genet-like carnivoran in the family Viverridae Gray, 1821. The genus has a modest diversity in the Miocene of Eurasia. With its first documentation going back to 1850s, the European records are relatively continuous with five currently recognized species. Asian records have a much shorter history of studies with its first record, S. huaiheensis Qiu & Gu, being published in 1986. In the present paper, we review the Asian records of Semigenetta from China and Thailand, which so far are represented by three species based on fragmentary jaws and teeth. We recognize two new species, S. qiae n. sp. from the late Miocene (c. 6.2-6.9 Ma) of Lufeng Basin in central Yunnan Province, South China and S. thailandica n. sp. from the middle Miocene (13.4-13.2 Ma) of Mae Moh Basin in Lampang Province, northern Thailand. Zoogeographically, both S. huaiheensis and S. thailandica n. sp. seem traceable to their European ancestors, as independent immigration events. Semigenetta thailandica n. sp. may have given rise to S. qiae n. sp., i.e., S. thailandica n. sp. and S. qiae n. sp., both recovered from lignitic sediments, potentially form a southeast Asian clade. All Asian Semigenetta occur within the Oriental zoogeographic province, and like their European counterparts, presumably prefer warm, humid, and wooded environments. Their relatively conservative morphology and low diversity seem also indicative of a stable environment in subtropical refugia. Semigenetta qiae n. sp. from Lufeng is the last survivor of the genus in Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Major trade-offs often manifest as axes of diversity in organismal functional systems. Overarching trade-offs may result in high trait integration and restrict the trajectory of diversification to be along a single axis. Here, we explore the diversification of the feeding mechanism in coral reef fishes to establish the role of trade-offs and complexity in a spectacular ecological radiation. We show that the primary axis of variation in the measured musculo-skeletal traits is aligned with a trade-off between mobility and force transmission, spanning species that capture prey with suction and those that bite attached prey. We found weak or no covariation between about half the traits, reflecting deviations from the trade-off axis. The dramatic trophic range found among reef fishes occurs along the primary trade-off axis, with numerous departures that use a mosaic of trait combinations to adapt the feeding mechanism to diverse challenges. We suggest that morphological evolution both along and independent of a major axis of variation is a widespread mechanism of diversification in complex systems where a global trade-off shapes major patterns of diversity. Significant additional diversity emerges as systems use weak integration and complexity to assemble functional units with many trait combinations that meet varying ecological demands. The diversity of coral reef fishes' feeding apparatus aligns with the trade-off between mobility and force transmission, but weak trait covariation and complexity allow jaw traits to evolve independently to adapt to diverse ecological challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Edentulous patients can also suffer from sleep bruxism (SB), just like dentate patients. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence and severity of SB in edentulous patients using the definitive method. Methods: Twenty‐three edentulous patients underwent treatment with new conventional complete dentures. Definitive SB was evaluated using the Bruxoff (portable electromyography device) while sleeping at home. The prevalence of SB was assessed by the Bruxmeter software, where SB was evaluated as "absent" (score zero), "light" (<2 episodes), "moderate" (between 2 and 4 episodes), or "severe" (>4 episodes). The prevalence was expressed with descriptive statistics in percentage using the number of detected cases out of the total number of patients. Results: Eighteen patients (78.26%) were diagnosed with SB. The severity of SB was 55.5%, 5.5%, and 39% for the light, moderate, and severe scores, respectively. Conclusions: Almost 8 out of 10 edentulous patients have SB. Approximately half of the SB‐detected patients showed moderate to severe severity of bruxism as measured by a commercial, at‐home device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the surface electromyography (EMG) activity of the temporalis, masseter, digastric, and infrahyoid muscles during passive jaw opening in healthy adults. Methods: The EMG activity of the masseter, temporalis, digastric anterior belly, and infrahyoid muscles on the right side was recorded during the four jaw-opening tasks: active opening to 20 mm (AO20); active opening to 40 mm (AO40); passive opening to 40 mm with a rubber mouth prop on the right posterior teeth (POR40); and passive opening to 40 mm with a mouth prop on the left posterior teeth (POL40). Results: The EMG amplitude of the digastric anterior belly and infrahyoid muscles in either POL40 or POR40 was significantly less than that in AO20 or AO40, respectively. Conclusion: Passive jaw opening reduces the EMG activity of the digastric and infrahyoid muscles significantly and could help reduce the load on these muscles during prolonged mouth-opening conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective : To assess the effect of secondary alveolar bone grafting (SABG) on maxillary growth in patients with unilateral cleft lip or palate (UCL/P) Design : Systematic review and Meta-analysis Methods : Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science and manual search was performed to assess the maxillary growth following SABG in UCL/P patients Patients and Participants: Non-syndromic patients with UCL/P Main Outcome Measure: Comparison of maxillary growth between patients with UCL/P who underwent SABG and UCL/P patients who had not undergone SABG or non-cleft control Results : 39 of the identified 233 articles were assessed for inclusion and exclusion criteria after duplicate removal and title and abstract reading. 7 articles (1 prospective, and 6 retrospective studies) were included in the qualitative analysis and 2 articles were subjected to quantitative analysis. Four studies had a low risk of bias and three studies had a moderate risk of bias. Meta-analysis revealed a significant reduction of SNA and no significant difference in ANB in the SABG group compared to the non-cleft control group(I2 = 0%). There was no significant difference in ANB between SABG and non-cleft control; however, results showed high heterogeneity(I2 = 83%). Meta-analysis of SNA and ANB showed no significant difference between SABG and the cleft control group; however, there was high heterogeneity. Conclusions : The studies showed a low to moderate risk of bias. SABG causes inhibition of maxillary growth in patients with cleft lip or palate when compared to patients with non-cleft control. Due to high heterogeneity, comparison to cleft control showed insufficient evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protolipterna ellipsodontoides is a small bunodont South American native ungulate, generally considered an early litoptern, exclusively found in the Palaeogene Itaboraí Basin. Its dentition is well known; however, its mandibular morphology was only known by fragmentary materials. Here, we describe the first complete mandible of this species. A micro-CT scan reveals the first case of alveolus resorption in this putative early litoptern. Two accessory canals on the retromolar region are also described. Canals on the retromolar region are documented for other mammalian orders; however, this represents the first description of this feature for the Protolipternidae. Unlike more advanced litopterns, this species lacks specialisations related to strict herbivory, and its dental and mandibular morphology suggests an omnivore habit. A comparison with the mandible of another Itaboraian protolipternid, Miguelsoria parayirunhor, indicates the presence of different dietary specialisations. Body mass estimations for both species are also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw bones (MRONJ) is a well-known complication of antiresorptive and antiangiogenic drugs. Since the first report, more occurrences of MRONJ have been described worldwide. Dental extraction has been described by many studies as one of the risk factors for MRONJ. Comprehensive dental care (CDC) is a preventive dental method provided to patients prior to drug commencement. This study aims to determine the association between CDC and MRONJ. Patients and methods. A retrospective analysis was performed on 75 medical records of patients on antiresorptive and/or antiangiogenic drugs between February 2018 and May 2021. Demographics and clinical and radiographic data were collected. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the factors associated with MRONJ. Results: Of the 75 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 11 (14.7%) developed MRONJ. Three out of 11 patients (27.2%) developed MRONJ spontaneously, while eight patients (72.8%) developed it after trauma from dentures or dental extractions. Following a binary logistic regression analysis, the lack of CDC was identified as a significant predictor of MRONJ. Patients who did not receive CDC had an odds ratio of 8.64 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.27–58.62, p = 0.03). However, dental extraction did not show a statistically significant association with MRONJ in both the univariate and multivariate analyses. Conclusion: CDC before treatment with antiresorptive and antiangiogenic drugs is a potentially effective preventive method for reducing MRONJ. Dental extraction was not a significant factor in relation to MRONJ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Objective Material and Methods Results Conclusion To summarize published information about the desmoplastic fibroma of the gnathic bones into a descriptive analysis of the main features of this condition.A systematic review according to the PRISMA guidelines was conducted. Electronic search was performed in four databases and in the gray literature. Case reports and case series were included. Frequencies were obtained for descriptive analysis.We identified 66 articles, for a total of 96 cases. Female patients (55.8%) in the first decade of life (40.6%) with a mean age of 18.2 years were more affected. The mandible was the most affected bone with 81.2% of the cases. The main clinical feature was painless swelling (54.2%). Most of the imaging examinations (radiological, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance) showed well‐defined radiolucencies (65.4%) lesions. The treatment was surgical removal in all cases. The recurrence rate was 10.8% and all in the posterior mandible. Spindle cell fibroblasts in a collagenized stroma were often described in the histopathological features. Vimentin, smooth muscle actin, and β‐catenin were common immunohistochemical markers.Desmoplastic fibroma is a locally aggressive lesion that commonly affects the jaws in children. Histopathology is essential for diagnosis, and the pathogenesis of this tumor should be further investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Actinomycosis is a rare infection that involves soft and bone tissues caused by gram-positive, anaerobic filamentous bacteria, usually Actinomyces israelii. About 3% of all cases affect children. Not uncommonly, actinomycosis is initially diagnosed as neoplasm or other granulomatous diseases. Paediatric actinomycosis affecting the jaws is rare. To date, 20 and 1 case affecting the mandible and maxilla, respectively, have been reported. A 4-year-old girl was referred presenting an extensive symptomatic ulcerative lesion with bone exposure in the posterior region of the right maxilla two months ago. One month before, she has been diagnosed with scarlet fever. The lesion progressed, damaging the supporting periodontal tissue. After surgical removal of necrotic bone and deciduous molar, the microscopy revealed actinomycosis, which showed excellent healing after local treatment with hydrogen peroxide solution and adequate oral hygiene. Although actinomycosis of the jaws affecting pediatric patients is rare, paediatric dentists must be aware of their clinicopathological characteristics, with therapeutic and prognostic impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Opossums (marsupials of the Didelphidae family) retain a generalized masticatory apparatus and tribosphenic molars, often used as models to understand the evolution of mastication in early therian mammals. Like all marsupials, their growth goes through a stage when pups complete their development while permanently attached to the mother's teats before weaning and starting feeding on their own. Yet, while the masticatory muscles of adults are known, as is the ontogeny of the cranium and mandible, the ontogenetic changes in the masticatory muscles remain unknown. Here we describe for the first time the changes in the masticatory muscles observed in lactating pups, and weaned juveniles, subadults, and adults in the White‐eared opossum, Didelphis albiventris, through dissection of 25 specimens and quantification of relative muscle masses, lines of actions and mechanical advantages whenever possible. We also assessed the scaling patterns of muscle masses and mechanical advantages through ontogeny. The main changes, as expected, were found between suckling and weaned specimens, although some changes still occurred from juveniles to adults. The adult adductor musculature is similar to the other Didelphis species already known, with a dominant m. temporalis that originates on the lateral wall of the skull, up to the sagittal and nuchal crests, and fills the zygomatic arch when inserting into the lateral and medial surfaces of the coronoid process, respectively through the pars superficialis and pars profunda. The m. masseter is also subdivided in superficial and deep bundles which originate posteriorly in the maxilla and zygomatic arch, and insert into the angular process and masseteric fossa in the mandible. The m. pterygoideus medialis originates from the palatine, the pterygoid bone and the alisphenoid, and it inserts on the angular process medially. Suckling pups showed muscles with more restricted attachments, reduced muscle lines of action, and less diversity in the fiber orientation. The absence of the postorbital constriction also resulted in a distinct morphology of the m. temporalis pars profunda, through two bundles, one anterior and one posterior, which insert more inferiorly into the mandible. These major changes can be related to the onset of mastication and to size‐related changes in growing weaned age classes. In general, all adductor muscles grew with positive allometry, and increased their fixation areas through, in part, the development of specific regions of the cranium and mandible. Their lines of action also increase and diversify along ontogeny. These changes can be related to the functional requirements for fixation during lactation, which shift to adduction and mastication movements after weaning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Cortical bone geometry is commonly used to investigate biomechanical properties of primate mandibles. However, the ontogeny of these properties is less understood. Here we investigate changes in cortical bone cross‐sectional properties throughout capuchin ontogeny and compare captive versus wild, semi‐provisioned groups. Tufted capuchins (Sapajus spp.) are known to consume relatively hard/tough foods, while untufted capuchins (Cebus spp.) exploit less mechanically challenging foods. Previous research indicates dietary differences are present early in development and adult Sapajus mandibles can resist higher bending/shear/torsional loads. Materials and methods: This study utilized microCT scans of 22 Cebus and 45 Sapajus from early infancy to adulthood from three sample populations: one captive Cebus, one captive Sapajus, and one semi‐provisioned, free‐ranging Sapajus. Mandibular cross‐sectional properties were calculated at the symphysis, P3, and M1. If the tooth had not erupted, its position within the crypt was used. A series of one‐way ANOVAs were performed to assess differences between and within the sample populations. Results: Mandible robusticity increases across ontogeny for all three sample populations. Sapajus were better able to withstand bending and torsional loading even early in ontogeny, but no difference in shear resistance was found. Semi‐provisioned, free‐ranging Sapajus tend to show increased abilities to resist bending and torsional loading but not shear loading compared to captive Sapajus. Discussion: This study helps advance our understanding of the primate masticatory system development and opens the door for further studies into adaptive plasticity in shaping the masticatory apparatus of capuchins and differences in captive versus free‐ranging sample populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Trauma & Emergency Surgery / Ulusal Travma ve Acil Cerrahi Dergisi is the property of KARE Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Gardner's syndrome has been recognized as a hereditary affliction that is autosomal in nature. This disorder is known to exhibit characteristics of familial adenomatous polyposis, of which it is also considered a variation. The features of this syndrome include the gradual development of osteomas and epidermoid cysts, including a characteristic feature that is the noted presence of intestinal polyps, which are generally multiple in number. Additionally, dental anomalies have been observed and recorded in a sizeable ratio of cases encompassing an increased frequency of multiple odontomas that are benign tumors linked to the development of a tooth and tooth agenesis/hypodontia that refers to developmental absence of one or more teeth. The other dental ascertainment includes abnormal morphology of the tooth/teeth as well as the presence of supernumerary teeth and impacted or unerupted teeth. This case report outlines the case of a 59-year-old male patient who had reported to the clinic, and was then diagnosed with Gardner's syndrome post a thorough examination. On radiographic examination, the manifestation of multiple osteomas in the frontal bone was revealed. The presence of a motley of diffused benign lesions of the bone in both the upper and lower jaw as well as the presence of an epidermoid cyst on the scalp was suggestive of an exemplar presentation of Gardner's syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of West China Journal of Stomatology is the property of Sichuan University, West China College of Stomatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: Bruxism is a parafunctional orofacial behavior. For diagnosis, wearable devices that use sounds as biomarkers can be applied to provide the necessary information. Human beings emit various verbal and nonverbal sounds, making it challenging to identify bruxism‐induced sounds. We wanted to investigate whether the acoustic emissions of different oral behaviors have distinctive characteristics and if the placement of the transducer has an impact on recording the sound signals. Material and Methods: Sounds from five oral behaviors were investigated: jaw clenching, teeth grinding, reading, eating, and drinking. Eight transducers were used; six were attached to the temporal, frontal, and zygomatic bones with the aid of medical tape, and two were integrated into two commercial earphones. The data from 15 participants were analyzed using time‐domain energy, spectral flux, and zero crossing rate (ZCR). Results: In summary, all oral behaviors showed distinct characteristic features except jaw clenching, though there was a peak in the recording, possibly due to tooth tapping, before its expected onset. For teeth grinding, the transducer placement did not have a significant impact (p > 0.05) based on energy, spectral flux, and ZCR. For jaw clenching, the transducer placement had an impact with regard to spectral flux (p < 0.01). For reading and eating, the transducer placement had a significant impact with regard to energy (p < 0.05 for reading, p < 0.01 for eating), spectral flux (p < 0.001 for reading, p < 0.01 for eating), and ZCR (p < 0.001 for both reading and eating). For drinking, the transducer placement only had a significant impact with regard to ZCR (p < 0.01). Conclusions: We were able to record the sounds of various oral behaviors from different locations on the head. However, the ears were an advantageous location to place the transducer, since they could compensate for various head movements and ear devices are socially tolerable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of the present study was to compare the vertical dimension changes, before and after treatment, in two groups of growing patients, one group treated with clear aligner therapy versus a group treated with Quad-helix and bite-block therapy. Methods: The studied sample was composed of n. 40 patients (20 females and 20 males with a mean age of 8.6 ± 1.8 years), enrolled from the Department of Orthodontics at Policlinico of Rome Tor Vergata. The original sample was randomly divided into two groups: Group IF (Invisalign First) and Group BB (Quad-helix and bite block). Pre- (T0) and post-treatment (T1 after 12 months) lateral cephalograms were collected from all the selected patients. Nine cephalometric parameters, both angular and linear, were measured and recorded for each cephalogram. Results: No statistically significant changes were found between both the IF and BB groups at T0, while statistically significant changes were observed in both groups (BB and IF) between T0 and T1 (after 12 months of active therapy), p < 0.005. Conclusions: Both therapies were able to control the patient's vertical condition. To date, the use of conventional appliances seems to have slightly better efficacy in controlling the vertical dimension than aligner therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Age-related changes to the swallowing mechanism, or presbyphagia, may put older adults at a higher risk for developing diseases and dysphagia. Maintaining swallowing functions could help prevent frailty and facilitate healthy ageing. This review summarises and appraises the effects of oropharyngeal exercises on the swallowing functions of healthy older adults without dysphagia. It is hypothesised that these exercises will strengthen and improve the structures and functions of the normal ageing swallow. Method: This review was reported according to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Five electronic databases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CINAHL) and Google Scholar were searched in June 2021. A rerun was done in January 2023. Study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment were done by two independent raters. Result: A total of 23 studies were reviewed. Meta-analysis was not conducted due to the heterogenous training protocols and outcomes. Majority (n = 21) had fair quality due to incomplete reporting. Exercises targeting oral structures were implemented the most (n = 15), followed by variations of the head lift (n = 4), and effortful swallow exercise (n = 1). Others implemented combined or multiapproach exercise studies (n = 3). Apart from surface electromyography findings, statistically significant improvements in oral and pharyngeal phase swallowing outcomes such as increased lingual isometric and swallowing pressures, bite force, muscle thickness, hyolaryngeal excursion, and upper oesophageal sphincter opening diameter were reported in 95% of the studies (n = 22). Conclusion: Collective evidence suggests that strength training for swallowing-related structures leads to increases in structural strength, endurance, and muscle mass. The effects of exercises on overall swallowing efficiency and safety remain unclear. Results should be interpreted with caution due to methodological limitations. Further research should examine the long-term effects of these exercises in preventing frailty and reducing the burden of dysphagia in older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: With the goal of identifying regions with bicortical bone and avoiding root contact, the present study proposes an innovative technique for the simulation of the insertion of mini orthodontic implants using automatic jaw segmentation. The simulation of mini implants takes place in 3D rendering visualization instead of Multi-Planar Reconstruction (MPR) sections. Materials and Methods: The procedure involves utilizing software that automatically segments the jaw, teeth, and implants, ensuring their visibility in 3D rendering images. These segmented files are utilized as study models to determine the optimum location for simulating orthodontic implants, in particular locations characterized by limited distances between the implant and the roots, as well as locations where the bicortical structures are present. Results: By using this method, we were able to simulate the insertion of mini implants in the maxilla by applying two cumulative requirements: the implant tip needs to be positioned in a bicortical area, and it needs to be situated more than 0.6 mm away from the neighboring teeth's roots along all of their axes. Additionally, it is possible to replicate the positioning of the mini implant in order to distalize the molars in the mandible while avoiding the mandibular canal and the path of molar migration. Conclusions: The utilization of automated segmentation and visualization techniques in 3D rendering enhances safety measures during the simulation and insertion of orthodontic mini implants, increasing the insertion precision and providing an advantage in the identification of bicortical structures, increasing their stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Purpose Methods Results Conclusions In pursuit of precise dose calculation and verification, the importance of beam modelling cannot be overstated, as it ensures an accurate distribution of particles incident upon the human body. The virtual source model, as one of the beam modelling methods, offers the advantage of not requiring detailed accelerator information. Although various virtual source models exist, manual adjustment to these models demands a substantial investment of time and computational resources. There has long been a desire to develop an efficient and automated approach for model commissioning.To develop an automatic commissioning method for the virtual source model to customize the accelerator model for independent Monte Carlo dose verification.Initially, the accelerator model is established using the virtual source model and self‐developed Jaw and MLC models. Then, a fully automated iteration process is employed to adjust the parameters of the virtual source model. Three types of objective functions are designed to represent differences from water tank measurements. Each objective function is paired with a specific parameter for adjustment, and their effectiveness is demonstrated through physical evidence. In each iteration, parameters with the highest objective function percentage are chosen for adjustment, and step length is determined based on current objective function values. Iteration is terminated when changes in any direction from the optimal solution no longer produce an improvement. Dose verification model for nine accelerators has been accomplished using this method. Additionally, under the same initial conditions, verification models for Versa HD accelerator (FF and FFF modes) are established using this method, Nelder‐Mead Simplex optimization method, and the Bayesian optimization method to compare the efficiency and quality of these three iterative approaches.Iterations for all nine accelerators are completed within 30 iterations. The relative dose differences in dose fall‐off region compared to water tank measurements are all less than 2%, and the average gamma passing rates (3%/2 mm) for ArcCHECK measurements in QA plans are all higher than 97%. For Versa HD accelerator in FFF and FF modes, the proposed method achieves an average relative dose difference below 1% within 11 and 13 iterations, respectively. In contrast, the Simplex optimization reached 1% within 78 iterations in FFF mode. Furthermore, the Simplex optimization in FF mode and Bayesian optimization in both modes failed to achieve a 1% difference within 100 iterations.The proposed iterative method achieves fast and automated commissioning of dose verification models, contributing to accurate and reliable clinical dose verification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two specimens of the pycnodont Haquelpycnodus picteti from the Cenomanian (Late Cretaceous) of Lebanon possess small non-dental odontodes flanking the teeth inside the oral cavity. These odontodes are distributed labially with respect to the vomerine and prearticular dentition, corresponding to the internal face of the cheek and in front of the maxilla. They have no relation to any of the bones in the mouth region and were situated in the endo-oral mucosa. This dentition pattern resembles that of the earliest osteichthyans and stem-gnathostomes. SEM-investigation of the non-dental odontodes demonstrates a thick layer of orthodentine covered by two thin outer layers of acrodin. The microchemical composition of these odontodes corresponds to those of the dermal scales (derived from odontodes) that are distributed in the integument of the same examined specimen. Both morphology, ultrastructure, and topographic relationships demonstrate that these structures are dermal and not dental odontodes. The reappearance of dermal odontodes in the dentition of individual specimens of Haquelpycnodus thus reflects the latent capacity of the endo-oral mucosa to form non-dental odontodes. These odontodes probably exerted lateral pressure to the content within the oral cavity, which took place synchronously with the prehensile movements of the incisors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A correct diagnosis of patients with an Angle Class II malocclusion is needed to guide treatment decisions toward the contributing jaw and to achieve better treatment outcomes. The aim of the study is to evaluate the diagnostic potential of the Fränkel manoeuvre (FM) for detecting the components determining sagittal discrepancy in Angle Class II division 1. Materials and methods: Anonymous questionnaires containing photographs were distributed totwo groups: general practitioner (GP) dentists and orthodontists. The level of the patient's profile aesthetics before (T0) and after (T1) the manoeuvre was determined using a 100 mm visual analog scale, and the 'profile improvement' score was defined as T1 minus T0. The diagnostic ability of the FM was calculated by comparison with lateral cephalometry as a reference standard using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results: A total of 102 respondents participated in the survey; 40 were orthodontists, and 62 were GP dentists. According to the post-FM images, the "profile improvement" score (T1-T0) was significantly greater in patients with mandibular retrusion than in those with maxillary protrusion (p < 0.05). The predictive power of FM, coinciding with the area under the ROC curve, was 0.62 for GPs and 0.78 for orthodontists. Conclusions: The FM method is a useful and accurate tool for diagnosing skeletal Angle Class II malocclusion etiology (mandibular retrusion or maxillary protrusion), especially when used by orthodontists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research has shown that talkers reliably coordinate the timing of articulator movements across variation in production rate and syllable stress, and that this precision of inter-articulator timing instantiates phonetic structure in the resulting acoustic signal. We here tested the hypothesis that immediate auditory feedback helps regulate that consistent articulatory timing control. Talkers with normal hearing recorded 480 /tV#Cat/ utterances using electromagnetic articulography, with alternative V (/ɑ/-/ɛ/) and C (/t/-/d/), across variation in production rate (fast-normal) and stress (first syllable stressed-unstressed). Utterances were split between two listening conditions: unmasked and masked. To quantify the effect of immediate auditory feedback on the coordination between the jaw and tongue-tip, the timing of tongue-tip raising onset for C, relative to the jaw opening-closing cycle for V, was obtained in each listening condition. Across both listening conditions, any manipulation that shortened the jaw opening-closing cycle reduced the latency of tongue-tip movement onset, relative to the onset of jaw opening. Moreover, tongue-tip latencies were strongly affiliated with utterance type. During auditory masking, however, tongue-tip latencies were less strongly affiliated with utterance type, demonstrating that talkers use afferent auditory signals in real-time to regulate the precision of inter-articulator timing in service to phonetic structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monitoring unintentional air leaks in continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is essential for therapy success. While leaks are often attributed to improperly sealed masks, mouth openings may also cause them, requiring interventions. Recent studies demonstrated distinctive mandibular jaw movement (MJM) signal patterns during sleep related to respiratory events and sleep stages. Analysing MJM during CPAP treatment reveals air leak peaks coinciding with maximal MJM amplitude during obstructive events, and air leak decreases corresponding to arousals. Examining leaks with MJM offers valuable insights into their origins and might open new avenues for CPAP management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is limited knowledge about the impact of painful temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) and pain characteristics on jaw functional limitation and oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) in TMD patients. Objectives: The influence of painful TMDs and pain characteristics on jaw functional limitation and OHRQoL was investigated. Inter‐relationships between limitation in jaw function and various OHRQoL domains, along with facial pain attributes predicting impaired jaw function and diminished OHRQoL were also examined. Methods: TMD patients were recruited from a university‐based hospital. A comprehensive questionnaire comprising demographic variables, the DC/TMD Symptom Questionnaire, Graded Chronic Pain Scale, Jaw Functional Limitation Scale‐8 (JFLS‐8) and Oral Health Impact Profile‐TMD (OHIP‐TMD) was administered. Participants underwent a protocolized physical examination, and TMD diagnoses were determined utilising the DC/TMD algorithms. Participants were subsequently stratified into intra‐articular/pain‐related/combined TMD groups, as well as no TMD pain, acute/chronic pain and low/high‐intensity pain groups. Data were assessed using non‐parametric and hierarchical linear regression analyses (α =.05). Results: The final sample consisted of 280 participants (mean age 31.2 (SD 11.8) years; 79.3% women). Significant differences in pain characteristics, JFLS‐8, and global OHIP scores were observed across the various TMD subtypes, pain chronicity and pain intensity categories. Pain intensity and pain‐related interference exhibited moderate correlations with JFLS‐8 and global OHIP scores (rs = 0.53–0.60). Moderate associations were also noted between JFLS‐8 and global OHIP, as well as most OHIP domains (rs = 0.42–0.64). Both jaw functional limitation and OHRQoL were predicted by sex, pain intensity and pain‐related interference. Conclusions: Sex, pain intensity and pain‐related interference are key determinants for both impaired jaw function and diminished OHRQoL, with pain‐related interference exerting a more pronounced effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: It remains unclear how the salivary flow and the fat content of food affect bolus formation during mastication. Objectives: We aimed to clarify: (1) how hyposalivation affects jaw‐closing and hyoid‐elevating muscle activities in bolus formation, and (2) if the effect of hyposalivation on muscle activity depends on the fat content of food. Methods: Eighteen healthy male volunteers were instructed to freely ingest four test foods: Plain, Fat without seasoning, Fat with seasoning, and Soft rice crackers. Masseter and suprahyoid electromyographic activities were recorded before and 30 min after the administration of atropine sulfate, a muscarinic receptor antagonist that induces hyposalivation. Results: Hyposalivation extended the masticatory duration significantly in all the test foods except Fat with seasoning. Masticatory cycle time was significantly longer with vs without hyposalivation for the Soft (p =.011). Suprahyoid activity/cycle was significantly greater with vs without hyposalivation (p =.013). Masticatory cycle time was significantly longer at the late stage with vs without hyposalivation for the Soft (p <.001). Suprahyoid activity/cycle was significantly greater at the middle (p =.045) and late stages (p =.002) with vs without hyposalivation for the Soft and greater at the late stage with vs without hyposalivation for the Plain (p =.043). Changes in masticatory cycle time and suprahyoid activity/cycle for these foods had significantly positive relationship (p <.001). Conclusion: Hyposalivation‐induced changes in masticatory behaviours resulted from the middle and late stage suprahyoid activity. Fat content and seasoning compensate for salivary flow inhibition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Statement of the Problem: Determination of remaining growth potential of patients is the most important factor in orthodontic treatment. Purpose: This study aimed to assess the correlation of clivus length and angle with age, gender, sagittal growth pattern of the jaws, and skeletal maturation using lateral cephalometry. Materials and Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 390 lateral cephalograms (Vatech, paX-i3D Green, South Korea) of patients aged 6 to 25 years. The patients were assigned to three groups of skeletal class I, II, III (n=130) with equal gender distribution. The clivus length and angle, Welcher angle, maxillary and mandibular effective length, sella turcica to Nasion (SN), and the angles between SN and point A (SNA), between SN and point B (SNB), and between NA and NB (ANB )were measured. Correlations of variables with age and gender, and cervical vertebral maturation stage (CVMS) were analyzed using the Pearson and Spearman’s correlation tests, independent t-test, and one-way ANOVA at 0.05 level of significance. Results: Clivus length had a significant correlation with SNA (r= 0.103, p= 0.042), SNB (r= 0.108, p= 0.033), maxillary (r= 0.547, p< 0.001) and mandibular (r= 0.589, p< 0.001) effective lengths, SN length (r= 0.586, p< 0.001), and CVMS (r= 0.697, p< 0.001). Clivus angle had a significant correlation with SNA (r= 0.105, p= 0.039), SNB (r= 0.155, p= 0.002), maxillary (r= 0.507, p< 0.001) and mandibular (r= 0.596, p= 0.001) effective lengths, SN length (r= 0.566, p< 0.001), and CVMS (r= 0.699, p< 0.001). The mean clivus length (p= 0.006) and angle (p= 0.002) were significantly higher in males, and had a significant correlation with age (r= 0.636 and r= 0.718, p< 0.001). The mean clivus length and angle were not significantly different in class I, II, III (p> 0.05). Conclusion: All parameters were greater in males, and increased with age (except Welcher angle). Clivus length and angle had significant correlations with position of both jaws but not with sagittal relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives An accurate analysis is considered a crucial factor that enables the clinician to select the appropriate treatment plan which may include serial extractions, guiding of eruption, maintenance of space or regaining it, or just intervallic patient observation during this period. This study aims to test the applicability of the Tanaka and Johnston prediction equations on Iraqi population. Materials and Methods One hundred pairs of stone models belonged to 100 Iraqi adult individuals with normal occlusal relationship were utilized in this study. The greatest crown diameters of all teeth except the maxillary incisors and molars in both jaws were measured using digital calipers. The Tanaka and Johnston prediction equations were applied and modification for these equations was developed for Iraqis. Results The original Tanaka and Johnston method of prediction tends to overestimate the mesiodistal widths of the canine and premolars among Iraqis. Novel regression equations (modified Tanaka and Johnston method) were formulated for Iraqi population and seem to be more accurate than the original one. Conclusions The original Tanaka and Johnston method cannot be applied for Iraqi population; hence, new equations were developed for both genders and in both dental arches to accurately predict the mesiodistal widths of the unerupted canine and premolars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most common toxicities associated with cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitor therapy include decreased leukopenia and neutropenia due to the inhibition of CDK6 of leukocyte and neutrophil precursors in bone marrow. These hematological toxicities are more commonly observed with palbociclib administration than with abemaciclib administration, which is approximately 13 times more selective against CDK4 than CDK6. Thus, even though both successfully inhibit CDK4/6, the side effects of palbociclib and abemaciclib differ due to differences in selectivity. Recent reports have suggested an association between palbociclib and medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw; however, reports on this association are inconsistent. This study investigated the potential association of palbociclib and abemaciclib with MRONJ using the FAERS. Signals of "Osteonecrosis of jaw" were detected only in females using palbociclib (cROR025: 2.08). Other signals detected included stomatitis‐related adverse events with abemaciclib and intraoral soft tissue damage and infection with palbociclib. As previous exploratory studies have reported MRONJ signals for bisphosphonates and denosumab, we calculated the aROR for palbociclib‐induced osteonecrosis of the jaw using concomitant bisphosphonates and denosumab as covariates. A signal was detected even after adjusting for sex, age, and concomitant medications as covariates (aROR0025: 5.74). A proper understanding of the differences in CDK selectivity is necessary for the appropriate use of CDK4/6 inhibitors. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on CDK4/6 inhibitors and drug‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw. We believe that these results will offer new insights into adverse events related to the use of CDK4/6 inhibitors, and may aid in the proper use of CDK4/6 inhibitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. Design engineering of the mechanism of a two-jaw crusher with a compound motion of the jaws, which ensures a change in the angle of gripping of pieces of material within a very small range. Methodology. In the work, a theoretical study on the fourth-class lever mechanism, as the basis of a two-jaw crusher, was performed using the Mathcad 15 software. The study was performed on a vector representation of the links of the hinged mechanism. The development and analysis of constructive solutions were performed using the Autocad software product, which reduces the risk of errors and increases the quality of the design process. Findings. The paper theoretically determines the rational geometric parameters of the two-jaw crusher with the optimal value of the nip angle, whose crushing chamber is formed by the closed loop circuit of the flat fourth-class lever mechanism and proposes a new constructive solution of the mechanism for adjusting the crusher opening with two movable jaws and the bottom mounting of eccentric nodes. The developed device in the form of separate blocks is made with the possibility of their simple assembly and disassembly, which ensures the rate and quality of replacing lining plates or surfacing restoration of the worn working surface of the jaws. The relative movement of the jaws ensures the crushing of pieces of material with the required crushing coefficient. The geometric parameters were obtained by the method of kinematic synthesis. The geometric parameters of the crushing chamber of the two-jaw crusher were determined theoretically; the dependence was obtained of the change in the nip angle on the height of the movable jaw over a period of movement and the change in the compression stroke, which ensures the force interaction of the working surface of the jaws with the material. Originality. It is proved that the quadrilateral closed circuit of the fourth-class lever mechanism can be used as a crushing chamber of a two-jaw crusher. Two links of a closed circuit operate as jaws which break pieces of material. At the same time, the nip angle can vary within fairly narrow limits, ensuring the optimality of the crushing process. It was established that the considered option of the fourth-class six-link mechanism geometry has only two folds. An algorithm is presented for searching for assemblies with the purpose of identifying those that are closely adjacent. Practical value. The results of the conducted research provide the theoretical background and the algorithm for determining the optimal parameters of a two-jaw crusher which can be used at the stage of designing similar crushers. The developed design solution for adjusting the crusher opening expands the scope of application of double-jaw crushers. The obtained dependences of the change in the angle of inclination and the working surface of the jaw over a period make it possible to develop a rational mode of crushing the material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Idiopathic osteosclerosis is an asymptomatic local growth of cortical bone and is discovered incidentally on panoramic radiographs. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the frequency of idiopathic osteosclerosis and its radiographic features in panoramic images of patients referred to the Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Arak University of Medical Sciences (Iran) in 2022-2023. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 460 panoramic images from the radiology department of Arak Faculty of Dentistry were randomly selected and analyzed. The demographic information of patients, frequency of idiopathic osteosclerosis, location, and also its relationship with adjacent teeth in terms of proximity to lamina dura and periodontal ligament and radiographic features in terms of size and morphology were evaluated. The data were analyzed using the SPSS24 software. Results: Panoramic images of 460 patients (266 men and 194 women) with an average age of 38.12 (11.75) years were evaluated. The frequency of idiopathic osteosclerosis was 6.1% (28 images). 92.9% of the lesions were in the lower jaw and 46.4% of them were near the premolar teeth. In 39.3% of the cases, the lesion was adjacent to the periodontal ligament and laminadora of the tooth. In 3.6% of the cases, it was associated with a small displacement of the adjacent tooth, and 17.9% was associated with tooth root resorption. According to the results, there was no correlation between the incidence of this lesion with age and gender (P>0.05). Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, the frequency of idiopathic osteosclerosis in the patients referred to Arak dental school was reported as 6.1%. Most of these lesions were observed in the back of the lower jaw and thus, it is important to be able to distinguish this lesion from the radiopaque lesions of the jaw which need treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aims to examine the relationship between bruxism symptoms and restless legs syndrome (RLS), focusing on the frequency and severity of RLS symptoms in patients with bruxism. Aim: This study aims to examine the relationship between bruxism symptoms and restless legs syndrome (RLS), focusing on the frequency and severity of RLS symptoms in patients with bruxism. Results: No statistically significant difference was found between bruxism symptoms and RLS severity (p>0.05). However, a significant positive correlation was found between the number of bruxism symptoms and the RLS severity score (19.3%, p=0.025). Additionally, smoking was found to affect bruxism symptoms but not RLS severity. Conclusion: Bruxism symptoms increase with the severity of RLS, but no significant inverse relationship was observed. While smoking affects bruxism symptoms, it does not affect RLS severity. Further research with larger sample sizes and more objective evaluation criteria is needed to better understand the relationship between these two conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Quintessenz der Zahntechnik is the property of Quintessenz Verlags GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study utilised a prototype system which consisted of a person-specific 3D printed jaw tracking harness interfacing with the maxillary and mandibular teeth and custom jaw tracking software implemented on a smartphone. The prototype achieved acceptable results. The prototype demonstrated a static position accuracy of less than 1 mm and 5°. It successfully tracked 30 cycles of a protrusive excursion, left lateral excursion, and 40 mm of jaw opening on a semi-adjustable articulator. The standard error of the tracking accuracy was reported as 0.1377 mm, 0.0449 mm, and 0.9196 mm, with corresponding ${r^2}$ r 2 values of 0.98, 1.00, and 1.00, respectively. Finally, occlusal contacts of left, right, and protrusive excursions were tracked with the prototype system and their trajectories were used to demonstrate kinematic modelling (no occlusal forces) with a biomechanical simulation tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Congenital maxillomandibular fusion is a rare disorder. Maxillomandibular fusion is usually discovered immediately after birth because the newborn is unable to open mouth or feed normally. The fusion defects can present with a wide range of severity, ranging from mucosal band (synechiae) to complete bony fusion (syngnathia). CASE DESCRIPTION: We report a case of congenital alveolar synechiae with posterior cleft palate in a 3-day-old male neonate. The newborn was managed with the help of a multi-disciplinary approach. CONCLUSION: Fusion of the gums is a very rare congenital anomaly. Early division of fibrous bands not only allows effective feeding but also prevents the development of facial deformities. However, anesthesia for this procedure can be challenging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of bone loss/bone levels, as detected after 5 years of implant function, in identifying patients who suffered implant failures in the following 5 years. Materials and Methods: Data on radiographic measurements of marginal bone levels at prosthesis placement and after 5 years of function were retrospectively retrieved from 11 previous publications. Included patients were allocated into different subgroups with regard to bone loss/bone level during/after 5 years in function, respectively. A diagnostic test was used to estimate the accuracy of finding patients/jaws/implants at risk for a future implant failure by calculating sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values (PPVs), and negative predictive values (NPVs) in different subgroups, respectively. Results: Altogether, 749 treated jaws (723 patients/3,363 implants) were included in the study group. Treated jaws in the high-level subgroups presented an overall higher risk of implant failures from 5 to 10 years in function (P < .05). Many treated jaws/implants were allocated into the high-level groups, but the proportions of implant failures were low in these groups. The diagnostic test comparing high- and low-level groups with and without implant failures showed low accuracy to predict implant failures; the PPV ranged from 4% to 33%. Lower PPVs were observed for diagnostic tests for individual implants (range: 4% to 6%). Conclusion: More severe bone loss was associated with higher risk of future implant failure. However, many patients/implants with obvious bone loss in the study group and low prevalence of implant failures at the 10-year examination resulted in poor accuracy in identifying individual patients or implants at risk for failure. This suggests that it is difficult to predict future implant failures based only on radiographic measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extant crocodilian jaws are subject to functional demands induced by feeding and hydrodynamics. However, the morphological and ecological diversity of extinct crocodile-line archosaurs is far greater than that of living crocodilians, featuring repeated convergence towards disparate ecologies including armoured herbivores, terrestrial macropredators and fully marine forms. Crocodile-line archosaurs, therefore, present a fascinating case study for morphological and functional divergence and convergence within a clade across a wide range of ecological scenarios. Here, we build performance landscapes of two-dimensional theoretical jaw shapes to investigate the influence of strength, speed and hydrodynamics in the morphological evolution of crocodile-line archosaur jaws, and test whether ecologically convergent lineages evolved similarly optimal jaw function. Most of the 243 sampled jaw morphologies occupy optimized regions of theoretical morphospace for either rotational efficiency, resistance to Von Mises stress, hydrodynamic efficiency or a trade-off between multiple functions, though some seemingly viable shapes remain unrealized. Jaw speed is optimized only in a narrow region of morphospace whereas many shapes possess optimal jaw strength, which may act as a minimum boundary rather than a strong driver for most taxa. This study highlights the usefulness of theoretical morphology in assessing functional optimality, and for investigating form–function relationships in diverse clades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the snap-through of a bistable system using piezoelectric (PZ) actuation. The bistable system consists of a pre-buckled beam fixed between two jaws. The bistability and snap-through of the beam are modelled using two approaches. An analytical model is first implemented. The results are compared to a full finite element simulation. These modelling approaches are used to find the optimal positioning of the PZ patches used for switching. The PZ-actuated snap-through is then modelled using both an analytical equivalent moment model and finite element simulations. An experimental validation setup is developed accordingly. The validation addresses all aspects of the modelling: bistability, snap-through and PZ-actuated snap-through. For the latter two configurations were studied, namely a switching actuated by a single PZ patch or by two patches. A remarkable agreement is found between both modelling approaches and experimental measurements. The proposed analytical modelling tool can be used for rapid pre-design of bistable devices. It is for instance shown that a centimetre-scale steel-device with an initial transverse displacement about 1 mm can be switched with a few-Newton force or alternatively with a few hundreds of Volts using a PZ patch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The present study is to evaluate the clinical characteristics of patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Methods: A total of 3362 TMD patients were included. Each participant had complete medical records according to the diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders (DC/TMD). The clinical characteristics including symptoms and signs in relation to age and gender were analyzed. Results: The mean age of the patients seeking care was 29.89 ± 13.73Y, and 68.6% of patients were aged 16–35 years. The female-to-male ratio of patients was 2.2: 1, and the average age of males was significantly lower than that of females. The prevalence of clicking symptoms decreased with age, while the prevalence of pain symptoms and limitations in jaw movement increased with age. Females were more likely to have limitations in jaw movement than males. Among the patients with pain, the average visual analogue scale (VAS) was 2.96 ± 1.23. The average VAS score of acute TMD patients (≤ 3 months) was significantly higher than that of chronic TMD patients (> 3 months). Conclusions: The majority of TMD patients seeking care were young people. The number and average age of female patients was higher than the males. Female patients were more likely to have limitations in jaw movement than males. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cementifying Fibroma (CF) is a benign fibro-osseous lesion with sharply defined and well-confined edges. It is slow-growing and has a radiolucent peripheral component. It is mostly seen in the mandible in the 20-39 years age group with a female predilection. Hereby, the authors present a case report of a 60-year-old woman who had a painless growth in the upper front region of her jaw for two months and visited Outpatient Department (OPD). Extraoral examination revealed facial asymmetry due to swelling in the upper front region of the jaw. Intraoral examination showed round to oval swelling in the 11 and 21 regions. On radiographic examination, a round radiolucency in the 11 region was appreciated. After excision, the tissue was sent to the laboratory, and histopathologically the diagnosis was confirmed as peripheral CF. The patient was kept in a 12-month follow-up postoperatively, which reported no recurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the accuracy of implant position, using a combination of static and dynamic computer‐assisted implant surgery (CAIS), with either static, dynamic, or freehand implant placement, in fully edentulous arches. Materials and Methods: Twenty‐one patients with a total of 88 fixtures were included. Implants were divided equally into four groups: a combination of static and dynamic CAIS (SD group), static CAIS (S group), dynamic CAIS (D group), and freehand placement (FH group). Angular deviation, as well as the 3D platform and apex deviations, were measured for all groups. Furthermore, the direction of implant deviation was recorded and compared. Results: The FH group showed significantly more deviation compared to all groups, considering all the aspects, and at both the implant platform and apex. A significant difference in angular deviation between the SD and S groups (p <.001), and between the SD and D groups (p <.001) was noted, favoring the SD group. When evaluating implant distribution, the FH group showed a tendency towards the buccal, apical, and distal directions at platform and apex, while in the D group, implants shifted more to the buccal. In contrast, the SD group did not show a trend toward any specific direction. The S and SD groups did not show a statistical significance considering any direction. Conclusions: The combination of static and dynamic CAIS increases the accuracy of implant placement in fully edentulous arches when compared with either static or dynamic CAIS alone, as well as freehand placement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Representatives of Eunicida have the most complex jaw apparatus among the Annelida group. The general morphology of their jaws is well studied and is important both for the classification of recent species and for the evolutionary interpretation of extant–extinct eunicidan relationships. The fine structure of the jaws can be useful as an additional trait to external morphology that allows to clear up the evolutionary relationships within the group. However, the ultrastructural data remain absent for the Lumbrineridae and Hartmaniellidae, which are also the only families with symmetrognathous jaws. In the present study, we describe the fine structure of the jaws of Scoletoma fragilis from the Lumbrineridae family. More than 40 S. fragilis specimens, from juvenile to adult, were studied with different morphological approaches, concentrating on electron microscopy. We have distinguished three stages of jaw structure, depending on the worm size: juvenile, subadult, and adult jaws. The juvenile jaws had the simplest structure, consisting of only scleroproteins. The adult ones had a more complex and multilayered structure that varied in different areas of the jaw apparatus. The subadult jaws exhibited the intermediate fine structure between juvenile and adult ones that raises the question of continuous growth possibility, which is also discussed in the article. Whereas juvenile and massive jaws share the same pattern as the other eunicidan families studied to date, the most interesting finding was the new, undescribed type of jaw structure found in the elastic elements of adult maxillary apparatus. It is characterized by heterogeneous sclerotization with a lack of mineralization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw is a serious disease occurring in patients with cancer and osteoporosis, who are undergoing treatment with antiresorptive agents (ARAs) such as bisphosphonate (BP) or denosumab, an antibody targeting receptor activator of NF-κB ligand. Recently, stem cell-based therapy has been shown to be effective in preventing the development of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw. However, studies on denosumab-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (DRONJ) remain limited. Here, the efficacy of treatment with dental pulp stem cell conditioned media (DPSC-CM) in preventing DRONJ in a murine model was evaluated. Local administration of DPSC-CM into the extraction socket of a mouse with DRONJ decreased the number of empty osteocyte lacunae and the prevalence of ONJ. In tissues surrounding the extraction sockets in the DPSC-CM-treated group, the expression of inflammatory cytokines was attenuated and that of osteogenesis-related molecules was enhanced compared to that in the control group. Further, the expression of Wnt signaling molecules, which had been suppressed, was improved. These findings collectively suggest that DPSC-CM prevents ONJ development in a murine DRONJ model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: There is a paucity of studies evaluating the preservation and recovery vitality of teeth associated with cystic lesions in the jaws. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate whether the use of the marsupialization treatment method in the large cystic lesions of the jaws associated within involved teeth would save the pulp vitality. Materials and methods: It was a cohort study of patients treated at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery from April 2019 to April 2023. Patients with primary cystic lesions associated teeth, with a cyst diameter of >3.4 cm, along with dental root resorption of less than half the root length, and treated by marsupialization were included. Patient age, gender, location, associated teeth, size, management, dental pulp vitality before and after marsupialization, and the duration of treatment were evaluated. Pulp vitality of involved teeth was assessed with electrical pulp tester. Predictor Variable: It was the treatment method. Main Outcome Variable(s): The primary outcome variable was the recovery or preservation of pulp vitality. Covariates: The study variables were demographic, clinical features of the cysts, clinical features of associated teeth, and treatment method. Analyses: Categorical data were presented in mean with standard deviation, and set the level of statistical significance at p < 0.05. Results: The sample included 73 patients with large cystic lesions; 47 (64.4%) were male and 26 (35.6%) were female. The age range was 9 to 68 years (mean ± standard deviation, 22.4 ± 4). The 73 patients had 305 teeth associated with large cystic lesions. Of these dentitions, 85.9% of teeth had normal pulp vitality and 14.1% were negative before marsupialization. Following marsupialization, preservation of pulp vitality was noted in 61.3% and 18.0% of teeth lost their vitality. Of those without normal dental pulp vitality, 70.9% of teeth recovered their vitality of which 46.5% had recovered their vitality 9 to 12 months following marsupialization. Conclusion: Marsupialization followed by second surgery maybe a treatment option for preserving and recovering the pulp vitality of teeth associated with large cystic jaw lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A large-sized upper jaw of an ammonite from the Niortense Zone of the Upper Bajocian of the Kuban basin (Karachay-Cherkessia) is described. In its anterior part a pointed calcified structure (rhyncholite) is located. Judging by its shape and size, the upper jaw belonged to a species of the genus Lytoceras (family Lytoceratidae), the lower jaw of which was already described from the same area immediately below in the section. The presence of a rhyncholite allows us to attribute the new finding to the rhynchaptychus type of ammonoid jaws. This is the earliest known complete jaw of this type and, to date, the only known upper jaw of Lytoceratina. Probably, calcification of the anterior part of the jaw apparatus of ammonoids of the suborders Lytoceratina and Phylloceratina was a normal process occurring as the mollusk matured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (1006-2467) is the property of Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)