Search

U radu se na temelju arhivskoga gradiva Državnoga arhiva u Zagrebu razmatra sukob između građana, gradskih vlasti i vlasnika javnih kuća u Zagrebu krajem 19. stoljeća. Gradsko poglavarstvo odlučuje 1898. sve javne kuće u gradu premjestiti na jednu lokaciju, iz donje u gornju Kožarsku. Industrijalizacijom, urbanizacijom i modernizacijom prostitucija postaje sve masovnija pojava u gradovima. Zbog toga je u Zagrebu, kao i u drugim europskim gradovima, prostitucija pravno regulirana reglementacijskim sustavom, odnosno javne su kuće dozvoljene, ali djeluju prema određenim zakonima i pravilnicima, a nadzire ih mjesno redarstvo. Smještajući zagrebačke javne kuće na jednu adresu, na rub grada, gradske vlasti lokalizirale su prostituciju u gradu i olakšale redarstveni nadzor. No za susjedstvo u gornjoj Kožarskoj to nije bio rubni dio grada. Građanstvo okolnih ulica prosvjedovalo je te tako štitilo svoje interese, prije svega obitelj i imovinu, i brinulo se za svoju reputaciju. Gradsko poglavarstvo nije pozitivno odgovaralo na građanske molbe, no ipak je odlučilo bolje urediti rad javnih kuća Bludilišnim pravilnikom (1899.). Između dviju suprotstavljenih strana, građana i vlasnika javnih kuća, zagrebačko poglavarstvo dalo je prednost javnim kućama, svojevrsnoj gospodarskoj aktivnosti dopuštenoj zakonom. Reglementacijskim sustavom javne kuće bile su dio grada i trebale su dobiti svoje mjesto makar na periferiji., Based on the archival sources preserved at the State Archive in Zagreb, the paper discusses the conflicts between citizenry, city administration, and the owners of Zagreb’s brothels at the end of the 19th century. In 1898, the city authorities decided to move all brothels in the city to one location, from the lower to the upper Kožarska Street. With industrialization, urbanization, and modernization, prostitution was becoming an increasingly widespread phenomenon in urban settings. Therefore, in Zagreb, as in other European cities, it was legally regulated by the reglementarist system, which means that brothels were allowed, but had to operate according to certain laws and regulation books, and were supervised by the local police. By moving all Zagreb brothels to a single location on the outskirts of the city, the city administration localized prostitution and facilitated police surveillance. But for the neighbours in the upper Kožarska, it was not the outskirts. The citizenry of the surrounding streets protested to protect their interests, primarily their families and properties, and out of concern for their reputation. The city administration did not respond positively to the citizens’ demands, but nevertheless decided to better regulate the work of brothels with the Prostitution Ordinance (1899). Between the two opposing parties, the citizens and the owners of brothels, the Zagreb administration gave preference to the brothels as a kind of legal economic activity. The reglementarist system defined brothels as a segment of city life and they were to be allowed to operate, at least on the outskirts.

Rad se bavi životom prostitutki kao marginalizirane skupine u Zagrebu početkom 20. stoljeća i samim fenomenom prostitucije. Njihov život bio je reguliran zakonskim propisima; prvotno Bludilišnim pravilnikom iz 1899. godine, dok je drugi takav dokument bila Odredba kr. redarstvenog ravnateljstva od 24. rujna 1922. broj 11.027 o nadzoru nad prostitucijom na području grada Zagreba, kojom se život prostitutki u javnim kućama stubokom promijenio, pa su one sada bile izjednačene s uličnim prostitutkama. Najveća promjena u njihovu životu bilo je ukinuće prostitucije Zakonom o suzbijanju spolnih bolesti od 28. ožujka 1934. godine, čime su sve žene koje su se nastavile baviti prostitucijom spale u sferu ilegalne, tajne prostitucije. Tajna prostitucija postojala je i za vrijeme legalne prostitucije, ali je u ovome razdoblju dobila na zamahu. Osim s pomoću zakonskih regulativa, život prostitutki pokušao se prikazati i dnevnim tiskom te radovima njihovih suvremenika., This paper deals with the life of prostitutes as a marginalized group in the city of Zagreb at the beginning of the 20th century, as well as with the very phenomenon of prostitution. The daily life and supervision of prostitutes were originally regulated by the Prostitution Rulebook from 1899. The second such document was the Regulation of royal constabulary directorate from 24th of September in 1922., No. 11.027 on the Prostitution in the City of Zagreb, by which the life of prostitutes in brothels had been drastically changed, and their status was now equal to one of the street prostitutes. The biggest change in their life was the abolition of prostitution by the Act on the Suppression of Sexual Diseases from 28th of March in 1934. Consequently, all women who continued to engage in prostitution were now placed in the sphere of illegal, secret prostitution. Even though secret prostitution also existed when prostitution was legal, in this period its numbers soared. Apart from legal regulations, the life of a prostitute was portrayed with the help of excerpts from the daily press and the works of their contemporaries.

Rad se bavi regulacijom prostitucije u Osijeku na prijelazu iz 19. u 20. st. Pri pisanju rada korišteni su arhivski izvori, a u središtu interesa nalaze se Pravilnik o uređenju i nadziranju prostitucije u slobodnom i kraljevskom gradu Osijeku iz 1896. i Pravilnik za bludilišta u slobodnom i kraljevskom gradu Osijeku iz 1911. Cilj je rada prikazati na koje se načine prostitucija u Osijeku nastojala kontrolirati i pritom dati širi europski kontekst kako je ona bila regulirana u drugim europskim državama. Problem prostitucije svodio se na dva osnovna pitanja: pitanje zdravlja i pitanje morala. Za većinu europskih država u 19. i na početku 20. st. karakteristična je reglementacija prostitucije. To je vrijedilo i za Austro-Ugarsku Monarhiju, a samim time i za Osijek, koji je po pitanju regulacije prostitucije bio dijelom dominantnih europskih strujanja. The attempt to regulate prostitution dates back to ancient times. This paper is concerned with the regulation of prostitution in Osijek in the late 19th and early 20th century. The paper is based on archival records; the focus of interest are the Rules for Organization and Supervision of Prostitution in the free royal town of Osijek from 1896 and the Brothel Rules in the free royal town of Osijek from 1911. Similar regulations existed in other Croatian towns and contained the registration and health control dana of prostitutes, data on their rights and liabilities, accommodation data in brothels as well as data on the rights and liabilities of brothel owners. As nothing has been written on prostitution in Osijek, the objective of this paper is to present attempts to control prostitution and to supply a comprehensive context for the regulation of prostitution in other European countries. The prostitution problem came down to two basic issues: the health and the moral issue, whereas the issue of workers’ rights arose a bit later. Most of the European countries in the 19th century and the early 20th century had characteristic prostitution regulations, i.e. the prescribed control of public prostitution by the police. This pertained also to the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy and to Osijek which followed the prevailing European tendencies with respect to the regulation of prostitution.

Javno predavanje o reguliranju prostitucije u Osijeku na prijelazu iz 19. u 20. st.

U ovom članku rekonstruira se problem ženske prostitucije u Zagrebu između 1899. i 1934. U tom razdoblju Zagreb je imao sustav uređene javne prostitucije u javnim kućama, a zatim preko javno toleriranih prostitutki.