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The subdivision scheme is a valuable tool for designing shapes and representing geometry in computer-aided geometric design. It has excellent geometric properties, such as fractals and adjustable shape. In this research paper, we explore the generation of fractal curves using a novel binary 8-point interpolatory subdivision scheme with two parameters. We analyse different properties of the proposed scheme, including convergence, special cases, and fractals. Additionally, we demonstrate through various examples the relationship between the shape parameters and the fractal behaviour of the resulting curve. Our research also identifies a specific range of shape parameters that can effectively produce fractal curves. The findings of this study provide a fast and efficient method for generating fractals, as demonstrated by numerous examples. Modelling examples show that the 8-point interpolatory scheme can enhance the efficiency of computer design for complex models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, we have designed the current experiment to explore the contribution of different sources of phosphorus (P) i.e., single super phosphate (SSP), nitrophoska (NP), and di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) at two different levels i.e., 50 and 100 mg kg−1 in mediating growth and eco-physiology by alleviating lead (Pb) stress i.e., (100 mg kg−1) in cereal crop i.e., barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Results from the present study showed that the increasing levels of Pb in soils significantly decreased plant growth and biomass, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange attributes, and P contents from the roots, stems, leaves and nodules. Conversely, increasing levels of Pb in the soil increased oxidative stress indicators in term of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide radicle and electrolyte leakage and enzymatic and non-enzymatic compounds and their specific gene expression and proline metabolism including proline, pyrroline-5-carboxylate, pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase and pyrroline-5- carboxylate dehydrogenase, AsA-GSH cycle including glutathione, ascorbate, glutathione disulfide and dehydroascorbic acid, cellular fractionation including pectin methylesterase activity, uronic acid, hemicellulose I, hemicellulose II, cellulose and pectin methylesterase and also increased Pb concentration in H. vulgare. Interestingly, the application of different sources of P counteracted the toxicity of Pb in H. vulgare , leading to greater growth and biomass. This protective effect is facilitated by the P' ability to sequester reactive oxygen species, thereby reducing oxidative stress and lowering As concentrations in both the roots and shoots of the plants. Our research findings indicated that the application of different sources of P has been shown to enhance the resilience of H. vulgare to Pb toxicity, leading to not only improved biomass but also a better physiological state of the plants. [Display omitted] • Different P sources effectively mitigate Pb stress in barley. • DAP, SSP, and NP significantly enhance barley growth under Pb stress. • P application reduces Pb accumulation in barley tissues. • This study suggests innovative strategies for soil Pb remediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) plays a pivotal role in the deamination process of monoamines, encompassing crucial neurotransmitters like dopamine and norepinephrine. The heightened interest in MAO-B inhibitors emerged after the revelation that this enzyme could potentially catalyze the formation of neurotoxic compounds from endogenous and exogenous sources. Computational screening methodologies serve as valuable tools in the quest for novel inhibitors, enhancing the efficiency of this pursuit. In this study, 43 acefylline derivatives were docked against the MAO-B enzyme for their chemotherapeutic potential and binding affinities that yielded GOLD fitness scores ranging from 33.21 to 75.22. Among them, five acefylline derivatives, namely, MAO-B14, MAO-B15, MAO-B16, MAO-B20, and MAO-B21, displayed binding affinities comparable to the both standards istradefylline and safinamide. These derivatives exhibited hydrogen-bonding interactions with key amino acids Phe167 and Ile197/198, suggesting their strong potential as MAO-B inhibitors. Finally, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were conducted to evaluate the stability of the examined acefylline derivatives over time. The simulations demonstrated that among the examined acefylline derivatives and standards, MAO-B21 stands out as the most stable candidate. Density functional theory (DFT) studies were also performed to optimize the geometries of the ligands, and molecular docking was conducted to predict the orientations of the ligands within the binding cavity of the protein and evaluate their molecular interactions. These results were also validated by simulation-based binding free energies via the molecular mechanics energies combined with generalized Born and surface area solvation (MM-GBSA) method. However, it is necessary to conduct in vitro and in vivo experiments to confirm and validate these findings in future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a chronic granulomatous vasculitis of medium and large arteries leading to cranial and extracranial manifestations. Temporal artery biopsy is considered the gold standard; however, its sensitivity is low at 47%. We report a unique case of Bing–Neel Syndrome (BNS) presenting as biopsy‐proven GCA. BNS is a rare complication (1%) of Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia (WM), which results from infiltration of lymph plasmacytoid cells and plasma cells into the central nervous system. A 77‐year‐old female with a past medical history of glaucoma, hypertension, diabetes, and chronic ocular ischemic syndrome in her right eye presented with progressive left eye vision loss for 5 days. Fundoscopic examination was notable for pseudophakic pseudopallor but no optic disc edema. Intraocular pressure was >40 and normalized after acetazolamide. The patient was started on pulse dose steroids by her neuro‐ophthalmologist. She was discharged home on 60 mg of prednisone. At follow up with her neuro‐ophthalmologist, new dot blot hemorrhages in the left eye were noted and she was readmitted for pulse dose of intravenous methylprednisolone. Temporal artery biopsy was consistent with GCA spectrum. Work up revealed paraproteinemia and subsequent bone marrow biopsy demonstrated WM. The patient was treated for her WM and her ophthalmic complications stabilized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For a healthy and progressive mind and a nation, the happy family life serves as a first and foremost supporting pillar among the other worldly worries, while this affluence life style has been deteriorating due to the spouses' breakups and wants for materialist approaches. This article highlights the reasons of high ratio of dissolution of marriages in Pakistan on the basis of Khula and Talaq. Furthermore, the article will also present the important and land mark judgements of adjudicated courts in Pakistan and their effects. A detailed arguments regarding the least efforts and role being played by the relevant authorities, departments, social organizations and local government bodies to halt the dismantlement of family life will also be encountered. There are bundle of reasons behind the ever-increasing number of divorce cases on the graph being spreading as a social disease, which is an alarming state of affairs. However, the solutions to stop unwelcomed tendency should need to be address at micro as well as at macro level to save the matrimonial lives for a consolidated, mentally and morally strong society. The loopholes in existing legal system, its implementation, the reforms and advancement in the prevailing infrastructure in consonance with Islamic Sharia law will also be discussed. Moreover, how the use and implementation of advance technology in a positive way can be adapted to make the government structure and governments bodies more efficient and effective with regard to smart and decisive work quickly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]