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We extend Choiceless Polynomial Time (CPT), the currently only remaining promising candidate in the quest for a logic capturing Ptime, so that this extended logic has the following property: for every class of structures for which isomorphism is definable, the logic automatically captures Ptime. For the construction of this logic, we extend CPT by a witnessed symmetric choice operator. This operator allows for choices from definable orbits. But, to ensure polynomial-time evaluation, automorphisms have to be provided to certify that the choice set is indeed an orbit. We argue that, in this logic, definable isomorphism implies definable canonization. Thereby, our construction removes the non-trivial step of extending isomorphism definability results to canonization. This step was a part of proofs that show that CPT or other logics capture Ptime on a particular class of structures. The step typically required substantial extra effort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Kuratowski graphs K 3 , 3 and K 5 characterize planarity. Counting distinct 2-cell embeddings of these two graphs on orientable surfaces was previously done by Mull (1999) and Mull et al. (2008), using Burnside's Lemma and automorphism groups of K 3 , 3 and K 5 , without actually constructing the embeddings. We obtain all 2-cell embeddings of these graphs on the double torus, using a constructive approach. This shows that there is a unique non-orientable 2-cell embedding of K 3 , 3 , and 14 orientable and 17 non-orientable 2-cell embeddings of K 5 on the double torus, which are explicitly obtained using an algorithmic procedure of expanding from minors. Therefore we confirm the numbers of embeddings obtained by Mull (1999) and Mull et al. (2008). As a consequence, several new polygonal representations of the double torus are presented. Rotation systems for the one-face embeddings of K 5 on the triple torus are also found, using exhaustive search. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the small size of uranium minerals, the occupations of U4+ and U6+, Th and Pb in uraninite is little studied. The coarse giant uraninite (CGU) from Miyi with size up to 1 cm is one of the best samples for studying uraninite mineralogical property. CGU mainly composed of UO2, ThO2, PbO, CaO. There are three forms of occurrence of U, namely UO2, UO3, and UO2+x; and impurity such as ThO2, PbO, CaO may entering the mineral lattice, which can affect mineral properties and facilitate the chemical reactions during mineralization and leaching processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A mineral with the composition Pd(Bi0.53Sb0.47), intermediate between sobolevskite, ideally PdBi, and sudburyite, PdSb, from the Chineiskii Deposit (Transbaikal region, Russia), was studied by the SEM and XRD methods. Its crystal structure was solved and refined (R = 3.02%) based on single crystal X-ray diffraction data. The structure is orthorhombic, and the space group is Cmcm. The unit-cell parameters are a = 4.1465(4) Å, b = 7.1782(6) Å, c = 5.6843(4) Å, V = 169.19(2) Å3, Z = 2. The series of the structures β-PdBi–Pd(Bi0.53Sb0.47)–PdSb and sobolevskite–sudburyite are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the Poincaré group R 3 , 1 ⋊ O (3 , 1) as the model of departure, we focus, for n = p + q , p + q ≥ 4 , on the affine indefinite orthogonal group R p , q ⋊ SO (p , q) . Denote by h p , q the Lie algebra of the affine indefinite orthogonal group. We compute the Leibniz cohomology of h p , q with adjoint coefficients, written H L * (h p , q ; h p , q) . We calculate several indefinite orthogonal invariants, and h p , q -invariants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the fuzzy counterparts of the collineations defined in classical projective spaces are defined in a 3-dimensional fuzzy projective space derived from a 4-dimensional fuzzy vector space. The properties of fuzzy projective space (λ,S) left invariant under the fuzzy collineations are characterized depending on the membership degrees of the given fuzzy projective space and also depending on the pointwise invariant of the lines. Moreover, some relations between membership degrees of the fuzzy projective space are presented according to which are of the base point, base line, and base plane invariant under a fuzzy collineation. Specifically, when all membership degrees of (λ,S) are distinct, the base point, base line, and base plane of (λ,S) are invariant under the fuzzy collineation ¯f . Conversely, if none of the base point, base line, or base plane remain invariant, then the system becomes crisp in (λ,S). Additionally, some relations between the membership degrees of the fuzzy projective space, concerning the invariance of the base point, base line, and base plane, are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prior researches have highlighted challenges and variations arising from the requirements of research ethics committees and ethics governance systems across diverse research fields. This emphasizes the need to investigate how universities convey and implement research ethical practices. Research ethics plays a pivotal role in guiding the integration of ethical principles throughout all stages of research starting from its inception and planning to its completion and the dissemination of results. These practices encompass a range of considerations, reviews, guidelines, and processes aimed at safeguarding the rights, dignity, health, safety, and privacy of research participants. Using the content analysis technique, this paper aims to analyse research ethical practices information on universities' websites from three developed countries and developing countries respectively using the isomorphism conception. The findings suggest that the coercive, normative, and mimetic isomorphic pressures explain the research ethics governance practices. The ethical practices information was disclosed more on university websites of the developed countries. Suggestions to improve the university's research ethics governance system for the post-COVID-19 era were provided in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crowdfunding is an innovative means of financing entrepreneurial initiatives. This study explores the effect of signaling on the crowdfunding performance of social economy organizations (SEOs) in South Korea. Analyzing 677 reward‐based crowdfunding projects by SEOs, we found that signaling social purpose, economic purpose, and organizational information were likely to be related to performance. In addition, signals reflecting an isomorphism akin to that of SEOs' identity were also positively correlated with crowdfunding performance. These findings contribute to the literature by offering insights about the effect of signals of SEOs on crowdfunding and demonstrating that fundraiser characteristics may influence crowdfunding performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

News media are increasingly interwoven with social media platforms. Building on institutional theory, we trace the repercussions of the platform infrastructure inside a media organization by focusing on organizational discourses and practices in connection with the journalistic use of social media. The empirical material includes interviews, field notes, chat logs, and documents collected from a public service media organization during a 6-month on-site and virtual ethnography. The findings show how platform pressures intertwine with content production, audience representation, journalistic values, and organizational development, thus manifesting the infrastructuralization and institutionalization of platforms in the media industry. While the interviewees articulated tensions related to adopting social media, the fieldwork data revealed forms of mimetic and normative isomorphism, mediated by platform data and professional roles in the organization. Moreover, the platform infrastructure seems to cultivate both critical and aspirational talk in the organization, which implies a more complex relationship beyond coercive platform power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let M and N be factor von Neumann algebras, and let Ψ : M → N be a bijective map preserving [ [ G , S ] , T ] ⋄. In this paper, we will study the characterization of this map when dim M > 1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article compares the private higher education (HE) systems in Germany and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). We examine the historical, political, and demographic contexts of private universities in both countries, as well as the role of the state in regulating and shaping the private HE sector. We then explore the interrelation of the public and private HE sectors in Germany and the UAE, with a focus on how competitive and market forces, as well as state regulation, affect the HE system. Finally, we reflect on the homogenising and differentiating drivers that contribute to explaining the private HE landscape in both countries. We use neo-institutionalist approach to identify different varieties of isomorphism in the two countries. Even though the growth and shape of the private higher education sector in both countries reflect international normative, mimetic and coercive pressures, our study suggests that the development of the private sector is moderated by country-specific historical developments as well as by political contexts that accelerate or slow down market dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globalisation, changes in technology and transportation, and isomorphic trends in the sector emphasise the need to identify the diversity of higher education institutions. As a response, classification mechanisms emerged in higher education in recent decades. While many studies on classification focus on the types and methodology, the examination of the utility of classifications is limited. Thus, this paper examines the perspectives of 14 people in critical positions on the Carnegie Basic Classification of Higher Education and is triangulated by institutional documents. The results revealed some important implications for policymakers and researchers. While the Carnegie Basic Classification seems to remain one of the significant sources in higher education, the availability of big data, along with varying new methodologies, began to threaten the usability of the classification system. Moreover, contrary to the role assigned to it earlier, Carnegie Basic Classification seems to contribute more to homogeneity in the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Higher Education & Science / Yüksekögretim ve Bilim Dergisi is the property of Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Fuzzy graphs find numerous applications in real life. One of the extensions of fuzzy graphs is Fermatean fuzzy graphs. Here, we introduce the concepts of Fermatean fuzzy set to the domain of graph theory and obtain a novel type of graph, referred to as Fermatean fuzzy graph (FFG ). The article establishes fundamental terms such as strong FFG , complete FFG , regular FFG , path, degree, total degree, homomorphism, and isomorphism of FFG , as well as the complement of FFG . Alongside the introduction of these concepts, their important properties, theorems, and illustrative examples are defined and discussed. Finally, an application has surfaced suggesting the utilization of FFG s to scrutinize the key factors affecting the productivity of Tata Motors, paving the way for a comprehensive analysis of the company's operational efficiency using score function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study addresses socio-political and professional factors driving the surge of the Brazilian fact-checking venture in the last years. Drawing on a set of 16 semi-structured interviews with fact-checkers from 13 active initiatives, it delves into motivations that led journalists to put in motion their fact-checking firms. Based on the existing literature on structural dynamics and professional incentives for fact-checking, the paper suggests that these two instances concur with the advancement of that journalistic subgenre. Research findings show that the last two electoral cycles (2014–2018) created a thriving landscape for fact-checking due to growing political turmoil in Brazil. Besides, there is also an isomorphic tendency in the development of new fact-checking initiatives. Pioneer American and Argentinean fact-checking firms inspired first projects. Nevertheless, motivations for fact-checking have been increasingly diverse over the years, including training workshops, successful coalitions, and grants from foreign investors. This study contributes to the growing scholarship on an emerging journalistic subfield showing the context-sensitive nature of the expansion of the fact-checking enterprise in a milieu distinct from the US-European landscape. Furthermore, it stresses how structural and professional factors act as field-configuring instances of new journalistic ventures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Isomorphism holds that, ideally, a single meaning is expressed by a single form. However, despite long-standing support, the theoretical viability of the isomorphic principle has been called into question. There is widespread recognition that the coexistence of (near-) synonymous expressions--variation--is actually very common in language. In this study, we explore a possible path toward reconciling the theoretical notion of isomorphism with the observable fact of variation. To this end, we adopt an analogy to tool use inspired by Zipf (1949). Tools largely monopolize their core functional domains (e.g., for cutting, knives are overwhelmingly preferred over screwdrivers) but compete over more peripheral functions (for puncturing, knives and screwdrivers have more equal chances of selection). In the same way, we hypothesize forms can code a prototypically organized network of senses, whereby they largely monopolize the core but are more likely to come into competition with other forms in the periphery. To test this hypothesis, a case study is conducted on variation in the use of two prepositions: at and with. For each, a semantic core and periphery are established. Using a corpus consisting of parallel translations of the same source text, it is then tested whether translators are more likely to converge on the same preposition to express one of that preposition's core senses than to express one of its peripheral senses. This is the pattern one would expect if isomorphic pressure is stronger for semantic cores than for peripheries. The results are promising but inconclusive. They confirm that the sense most prone to competition is arguably the most peripheral but also reveal a surprisingly high level of competition for the spatial core use of at. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Civilian-led, non-police crisis response services – which attend mental health crises that previously had received uniformed police response in many jurisdictions – have multiplied substantially alongside widespread calls for 'de-tasking' of police. Yet, these services inevitably engage in forms of 'policing' in both practical and sociological terms, if we understand policing to involve reducing harms and maintaining order under the shadow of police (state coercive) power. Seeing the rapid expansion of these services as the birth of a new organisational field, following organisational and institutional theories, this paper delineates possible futures of these services as they coalesce into increasingly isomorphic forms. The paper then considers the potential bases of legitimacy, organisational ethos and accountability that will develop around these services, and sets out challenges that the organisational field will face if it is to avoid becoming an extension of 'the police'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we investigate Lorentz-Minkowski matrix multiplication introduced in [3] by O. Keçilioğlu and H. Gündoğan. Unlike [3], we will define some transformations to get a connection between Lorentz-Minkowski matrix multiplication and Euclidean matrix multiplication which allows for a more practical use instead of direct approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In [V. I. Arnold, Simple singularities of curves, Proc. Steklov Inst. Math. 226(3) (1999) 20–28, Sec. 5, p. 32], Arnold writes: 'Classification of singularities of curves can be interpreted in dual terms as a description of "co-artin" subalgebras of finite co-dimension in the algebra of formal series in a single variable (up to isomorphism of the algebra of formal series)'. In the paper, such a description is obtained but up to isomorphism of algebraic curves (i.e. this description is finer). Let K be an algebraically closed field of arbitrary characteristic. The aim of the paper is to give a classification (up to isomorphism) of the set of subalgebras of the polynomial algebra K [ x ] that contains the ideal x m K [ x ] for some m ≥ 1. It is proven that the set = ∐ m , Γ (m , Γ) is a disjoint union of affine algebraic varieties (where Γ ∐ { 0 , m , m + 1 , ... } is the semigroup of the singularity and m − 1 is the Frobenius number). It is proven that each set (m , Γ) is an affine algebraic variety and explicit generators and defining relations are given for the algebra of regular functions on (m , Γ). An isomorphism criterion is given for the algebras in . For each algebra A ∈ (m , Γ) , explicit sets of generators and defining relations are given and the automorphism group Aut K (A) is explicitly described. The automorphism group of the algebra A is finite if and only if the algebra A is not isomorphic to a monomial algebra, and in this case | Aut K (A) | < dim K (A / A) where A is the conductor of A. The set of orders of the automorphism groups of the algebras in (m , Γ) is explicitly described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2015, following the closure of Judicial Psychiatric Hospitals, the Italian NHS launched new forensic facilities: the Residences for the Execution of Security Measures (REMS). Inside REMSs, healthcare professionals work to rehabilitate individuals who have committed crimes and who have been judged both socially dangerous and mentally ill. Based on an ethnographic project within a REMS in Northern Italy, this contribution explores how healthcare workers balance their care role with the demands for social control imposed by the institution. The findings reveal that staff members often navigate conflicting roles, sometimes employing informal resistance strategies against institutional demands that conflict with their professional ethics: in this way they are able to negotiate their identity and agency in a highly controlled environment, particularly when managing sensitive issues like patients’ sexuality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Social procurement (SP) is a complicated and risky innovation, the adoption of which needs to be accompanied by complementary process and organizational change. To date, however, there has been little empirical evidence explaining whether and how different sorts of external pressures affect the level of SP adoption in the construction sector. Drawing on institutional theory, this study aims to analyze how three types of isomorphic pressures (i.e. coercive, mimetic and normative pressures) influence the adoption of SP in the construction sector. Design/methodology/approach: The impacts of these pressures are empirically tested with survey data collected from 134 construction firms in the Chinese construction industry. Findings: The findings show that both coercive and mimetic pressures have a considerable impact on the adoption of SP. However, there is little evidence in this study that normative demands had a major impact on SP. Practical implications: This research is a useful instrument for promoting a favorable social attitude regarding construction procurement. Through socioeconomic regeneration and development, procurement can be considered as a significant route for social transformation, economic development and poverty reduction. Originality/value: This study addresses the paucity of research into SP in the construction industry by establishing the institutional drivers to procuring services and products from a social enterprise perspective. Findings from this study extend the frontiers of existing knowledge on SP in the construction industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following a call for actor-centric research in HRM, we look at the modes how HR managers acquire HR knowledge. Our interview study with HR managers of large established companies in Japan finds a clear preference for direct inter-corporate knowledge exchanges instead of the engagement of outside consultants. Discussing our findings, we explain the reasons for this preference. Abstracting from the case of Japan, we then propose with reference to institutional theory and isomorphism that the way HR knowledge is spread is linked to the nature of employment systems. In external labour markets, HR knowledge has been reported to be predominantly spread through business consultants, educational institutions, and career changes of HR professionals, resulting in normative isomorphism. We propose that in internal labour markets, like Japan's, companies resort to direct inter-corporate knowledge exchange, which leads to mimetic isomorphism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the development of anionic group theory, the spatial arrangement of anionic groups in optical crystals has been believed to determine their functional, such as nonlinear optical, properties. At the same time, cation substitution, resulting in either the appearance of disordered cation sites in a crystal structure or the emergence of cation‐ordered superstructures, has been widely used to control material properties. This work demonstrates the coupling between positional cation disorder and orientational disorder of (CO3)2− anions in the β modification of the recently described K2Ca3(CO3)4 material. In contrast to the α modification [P212121, a = 7.39134 (18), b = 8.8153 (2), c = 16.4803 (4) Å], where the ordered cation sublattice favors the non‐centrosymmetric orientationally ordered arrangement of (CO3)2− anionic groups, positional cation disorder in β‐K2Ca3(CO3)4 [Pnma, a = 7.5371 (2), b = 16.1777 (5), c = 8.7793 (3) Å] within the cation sublattice of the same topology leads to orientational disorder of (CO3)2− groups and the appearance of an inversion center in the average structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A mathematical method of combining several elements has emerged in recent times, providing a more comprehensive approach. Adhering to the foregoing mathematical methodology, we fuse two extremely potent methods, namely graph theory and neutrosophic sets, and present the concept of neutrosophic graphs ( ℵ G ). Next, we outline many ideas, such as union, join, and composition of ℵ G s, which facilitate the straightforward manipulation of ℵ G s in decision-making scenarios. We provide a few scenarios to clarify these activities. The homomorphisms of ℵ G s are also described. Lastly, understanding neutrosophic graphs and how Japan responds to earthquakes can help develop more resilient and adaptable disaster management plans, which can eventually save lives and lessen the effects of seismic disasters. With the support of using an absolute score function value, Hokkaido (H) and Saitama (SA) were the optimized locations. Because of its location in the Pacific Ring of Fire, Japan is vulnerable to regular earthquakes. As such, it is critical to customize reaction plans to the unique difficulties and features of Japan's seismic activity. Examining neutrosophic graphs within the framework of earthquake response centers might offer valuable perspectives on tailoring and enhancing response tactics, particularly for Japan's requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The natural filtrations of infinite-dimensional Lie superalgebras of O -type over a field of positive characteristic are proved to be invariant under automorphisms by studying ad-nilpotent elements. We observe that two Lie superalgebras of O -type are isomorphic if and only if the integers in the definition of these Lie superalgebras are intrinsic. Thereby, all the Lie superalgebras of O -type are classified in the sense of isomorphism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the development of anionic group theory, the spatial arrangement of anionic groups in optical crystals has been believed to determine their functional, such as nonlinear optical, properties. At the same time, cation substitution, resulting in either the appearance of disordered cation sites in a crystal structure or the emergence of cation‐ordered superstructures, has been widely used to control material properties. This work demonstrates the coupling between positional cation disorder and orientational disorder of (CO3)2− anions in the β modification of the recently described K2Ca3(CO3)4 material. In contrast to the α modification [P212121, a = 7.39134 (18), b = 8.8153 (2), c = 16.4803 (4) Å], where the ordered cation sublattice favors the non‐centrosymmetric orientationally ordered arrangement of (CO3)2− anionic groups, positional cation disorder in β‐K2Ca3(CO3)4 [Pnma, a = 7.5371 (2), b = 16.1777 (5), c = 8.7793 (3) Å] within the cation sublattice of the same topology leads to orientational disorder of (CO3)2− groups and the appearance of an inversion center in the average structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The group of the almost-Riordan arrays with exponential generating functions is defined. The subgroups of the exponential almost-Riordan group are presented. Also, some isomorphisms between the exponential almost-Riordan group and the exponential Riordan group are considered. Then, the production matrix for the exponential almost-Riordan array is obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article maps the creation, describes the functions and actions of the special groups of the Brazilian prison police. Initially established in Rio de Janeiro for prison control their practices resemble those of the Military Police battalions of the same state. This police "specialty" spreads across Brazilian states with the replication of regulations and training of the old groups. Such a network articulates the different special groups of the prison system, which use warfare practices under justification of containing factions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let R be a ring with identity. The unit (respectively, unitary Cayley) graph of R is a simple graph G(R) (respectively, Γ(R)) with vertex set R, where two distinct vertices x and y are adjacent if and only if x + y (respectively, x − y) is a unit of R. In this paper, we explore when G(R) and Γ(R) are isomorphic for a finite ring R. Among other results, we prove that G(R) is isomorphic to Γ(R) for a finite ring R if and only if char(R/J(R))=2 or R/J(R)≅ℤ2 × S, where J(R) is the Jacobson radical of R and S is a finite ring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I present the step from isomorphism to isodynamism in Gilbert Simondon's philosophy. For this, I first explain the isomorphism argument and some of its implications and critiques. Then, I discuss some elements of Simondon's individuation theory regarding being and becoming. Lastly, I analyze this change from isomorphism to isodynamism and I offer examples of some possible derivations of isodynamism. Basically, this process involves a change in perspective, from structural similarity to operational analogy--for example, between different levels of being (physicochemical, biological and psychosocial). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The equivalence of the Haar system in a rearrangement invariant space on and a sequence of pairwise disjoint functions in some Lorentz space is known to imply that up to the equivalence of norms. We show that the same holds for the class of uniform disjointly homogeneous rearrangement invariant spaces and obtain a few consequences for the properties of isomorphic embeddings of such spaces. In particular, the space with is the only uniform -disjointly homogeneous rearrangement invariant space on with nontrivial Boyd indices which has two rearrangement invariant representations on the half-axis . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clay minerals represent a class of hydrated phyllosilicates making up the fine-grained portions of rocks, sediments, and soils. Due to the advantages of abundant reserves, low prices, and wide applications, the development and utilization of clay minerals have received increasing attention in recent years. Isomorphic replacement is a common phenomenon in clay minerals, which is one of the main causes of changes in mineral chemical composition and physical and chemical properties. This article briefly describes the crystal structure of several clay minerals such as montmorillonite, vermiculite, palygorskite, kaolinite, and halloysite. It summarized the research status of the effect of isomorphic replacement on their structure and application performance. The research results can provide theoretical basis for the structural research and efficient resource utilization of clay minerals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is devoted to the research of the isomorphic multidimensional cyclic structure and multidimensional phase structure of the cyclic random process (CRP) and to its formation method, which enables a rigorous formalization of intuitive ideas concerning cyclic stochastic motion. The fundamental properties of the cyclic random process and analytical dependencies between the multidimensional cyclic structure, multidimensional phase structure and rhythm structure of the CRP have been established. This work shows that the CRP is able to take into account the cyclicity of multidimensional distribution functions of cyclic signals as well as the variability in the rhythm of the investigated signals. A subclass of the CRP is the periodic random process, which allows for the use of classical processing methods of cyclic signals with a regular rhythm. Based on a series of experiments, significant advantages of the CRP as a mathematical model of electrocardiographic signals (ECG) compared to the periodic random process are shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New data on the crystal structure and isomorphism of extra-framework components in the cancrinite-group mineral tounkite have been obtained using chemical and single-crystal X-ray diffraction data, as well as infrared, Raman, ESR, UV–Vis–near-IR absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopy methods. The crystal structure of tounkite is based on the aluminosilicate framework formed by the САСАСВСВСАСВ stacking sequence with ordered Si and Al atoms The framework hosts Losod and liottite cages as well as columns of cancrinite cages. It is shown that tounkite is characterized by wide variations of the chemical composition. Its simplified crystal–chemical formula is (Na+3.89–5.18K+0.15–1.64Ca2+2.30–2.58(Al6Si6O24)(SO42−,S52−,S4) 2−x (Cl−, HS−)1+y·nH2O (x, y, n < 1). The S2⦁− and S3⦁− radical anions may occur in some tounkite samples in minor amounts. These crystal–chemical features indicate that tounkite crystallizes under highly reducing conditions. All studied tounkite samples were polysynthetic twins. A large 10-layed cage formed at the border between twin components, connected by a rotation of 180° around the [001] axis, which may host the large S52− anion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The theory of managerial discretion and the direct insights it provides in the understanding of the varying impact strategic and operational actions have on organizational change and business fortunes is an area of research potential underexplored in the UK. This study aims to establish whether the measurement of managerial discretion is constant between the two similar societal corporate frameworks of the UK and the USA listed markets. Design/methodology/approach: The extant managerial discretion ranking model, established in the USA, is empirically assessed for its validity and effectiveness across a sample of high- and low-discretion companies from the FTSE 350. Findings: Using accounting measures, a clear and significant difference is established between UK high and low managerial discretion entities. The results prove to be significant in enabling the differential comparative analysis of the institutional characteristics of corporates. Originality/value: To the best of the authors' knowledge, no study of this nature has been conducted previously in the UK context. While the original model developed in the USA is now several decades old, the UK results reflect similar industry rankings as found originally in the USA, subject to some differences considered to be a result of the changing nature of global business since the 1990s. This study opens a new seam of novel research, which has the potential to uncover, at a granular level, the differential mores and character of management ethics, styles and practices in such issues as organizational change, corporate culture, governance and social responsibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the sixteenth century, small diasporic communities of businessmen of Ragusa Republic settled in some Mediterranean ports. These communities were made up of commercial agents, merchants and seamen who, using the detailed information system of the motherland and relying on the Republic's fleet, were engaged in the trade of grain. This study expands previous analysis of Mediterranean Ragusan trade considering it as a trade network diaspora and investigating it in this perspective. In particular, using a network-institutional approach, the role of the Ragusan diaspora in grain trade has been analysed as an instrument of diffusion of the merchant practices in commerce, shipping and finance which have thus become as a cultural heritage of the Ragusa society. The environmental and social pressures conditioned the activity of the merchants and shaped its role as mediators of social capital in support of the economic activity of the motherland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital data transmission and storage are indispensable components for our contemporary information-driven society. As data volumes keep increasing, the need for efficient coding schemes grows. This paper gives a novel coding scheme for generating sixteen codes from generators with quaternary codes, thereby offering a significant increase in data representation capacity, new possibilities for data encoding and decoding, and an overall improvement in the efficiency of the encoding scheme. This provides up a new perspective for numerous fields that can profit from the proposed scheme, including coding theory, computer science, modeling, and experimental design. We focus on only experimental design and modeling, due to space limits and their importance in designing and modeling real-world and scientific phenomena. The main findings indicate that the new generated sixteen codes can be used as optimal experimental designs with good space-filling behavior when designing large-scale experiments, and as efficient datasets that perform well in fitting various functions even with a small number of points and without modeling assumptions. The relationships between the codewords of the generated sixteen codes and the codewords of the generator quaternary codes are investigated. These relationships provide a benchmark by which to select the generator most efficiently, resulting in codewords that are efficient from multiple angles. Furthermore, the space-filling behavior and isomorphism examination of the sixteen codes generated as designs are deeply theoretically studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives 1. identification of the core of the title process and its comparison with known types of patterns of improving management, 2. elaboration on the proposals and topics that enrich knowledge about the processes of HRM improvement, including the problem of institutional isomorphism. Material and methods Literature studies allowed us to identify patterns of organizational improvement change. The subject of empirical research was the content of Polish-language offers posted on websites for consulting companies improving Human Resources Management. The analysis was conducted based on content analysis guidelines. The obtained analysis results were compared with theoretical patterns of changes. In this way, the features of the examined core were identified. Results The identified core of dissemination consists of four phases and three processes with different logic. The interaction of processes can create inconsistency in the entire solution. The dominance of behaviors securing and facilitating HRM operations over other types of managerial behaviors was found. There are no methods of dealing with this asymmetry in the offers. Conclusions The inconsistencies between the core processes of pattern dissemination should encourage practitioners to determine their level of acceptance of the heterogeneity of patterns. For this, it is necessary to develop practical competencies in managing contradictions. Future research should provide a more complete understanding of the specificity of different sources of patterns, the nature of operations performed on patterns, and the identification of inconsistencies in the processes of pattern dissemination. It is also valuable to draw attention to the specific forces of institutional isomorphism that shape the similarity of patterns and ways of disseminating them