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The transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has presented challenges for the control of the indoor environment of isolation wards. Scientific air distribution design and operation management are crucial to ensure the environmental safety of medical staff. This paper proposes the application of adaptive wall-based attachment ventilation and evaluates this air supply mode based on contaminants dispersion, removal efficiency, thermal comfort, and operating expense. Adaptive wall-based attachment ventilation provides a direct supply of fresh air to the occupied zone. In comparison with a ceiling air supply or upper sidewall air supply, adaptive wall-based attachment ventilation results in a 15%–47% lower average concentration of contaminants, for a continual release of contaminants at the same air changes per hour (ACH; 10 h–1). The contaminant removal efficiency of complete mixing ventilation cannot exceed 1.0. For adaptive wall-based attachment ventilation, the contaminant removal efficiency is an exponential function of the ACH. Compared with the ceiling air supply mode or upper sidewall air supply mode, adaptive wall-based attachment ventilation achieves a similar thermal comfort level (predicted mean vote (PMV) of –0.1–0.4; draught rate of 2.5%–6.7%) and a similar performance in removing contaminants, but has a lower ACH and uses less energy.

In December 2019, a novel coronavirus (now named COVID-19) was identified as a causative agent for a cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, China.1 Till March 2020, India was one among 50 countries which identified patients tested positive for COVID-19.2 One day curfew was imposed in the country on March 22, 2020 to forewarn the people about the danger the country was going to face. The government of India announced a nationwide lockdown for 21 days from March 25, 2020 with subsequent second, third and fourth lockdowns. This was done to reduce the transmission of disease and flatten the curve. The preparations to manage COVID-19 pandemic crisis began in Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College Hospital Aligarh, a tertiary care centre in western Uttar Pradesh by 15th of March 2020. In April 2020, it was declared as Level 2 COVID care hospital to deal with complicated and critical cases. The establishment of flu clinic, exclusive COVID-19 isolation ward, teleconsultation and widespread screening of patients by Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR) were some measures undertaken to deal with the crisis. The increased burden of patients presenting with bronchopneumonia necessitated augmentation of the existent infrastructure and better utilization of resources. Emergency and trauma centre, JNMCH, AMU Aligarh was also no exception and reorganising emergency trauma ICU as COVID-19 suspect ICU made the functioning of the entire hospital a lot smoother during this unsustainable crisis situation. However, there were several challenges to overcome while designating an emergency and trauma ICU as COVID-19 suspect ICU. There is ample amount of literature available discussing the strategies for preparing a dedicated COVID ICU, however there is relative scarcity of literature on the challenges in managing an emergency and trauma ICU (ETC – ICU) during the pandemic. In this review, we discuss the strategies and planning for converting an emergency and trauma ICU into a COVID suspect ICU in a tertiary care centre in western Uttar Pradesh (India) during the pandemic and the challenges faced. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(5) 2021 p.26-31

Background Recently, the demand for isolation rooms has rapidly increased with the spread of infectious diseases such as COVID-19. Previous studies investigated temporary isolation wards to resolve the shortage of beds. Most of the studies, however, focused on construction methods and the capability of equipment instead of experiential aspects such as medical activities and life in quarantine. This article presents design requirements and the associated example design cases based on the identified needs of medical and facility staff from a participatory design workshop. Methods A participatory design workshop was conducted with 21 medical and facility staff in a hospital specializing in infectious diseases. Two workshop sessions including MACRO-level design for overall configurations and MICRO-level design for room layouts were conducted to participants. The collected data was analyzed to derive design requirements for temporary isolation wards. To verify the relevance and applicability of the derived design requirements, we asked four designers to develop conceptual designs of new isolation wards based on the card-type design aid, which includes the details of the requirements. Results From the design workshop, five design requirements were derived: supporting the communication between the inside and outside of an isolation ward;preventing contact with the infection source;relieving emotional anxiety;relieving medical staffs’ work burden;and securing an appropriate hospital environment. During the conceptual design process using the design aids, designers created animated conceptual scenarios for isolation wards (information system using QR codes, serving robots for delivery, trash bin discharging wastes in safety, digital window, and plugin facility module). Conclusions The design requirements can be applied for new medical service design projects, which should consider experiential aspects in addition to the physical and spatial aspects in context of temporary isolation ward design. The example scenarios would be beneficial for further exploration of a new product, system, and service design for infectious diseases while considering the experiences beyond the physical configuration. © 2021. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License org/licenses/bync/ 3.0/), which permits unrestricted educational provided the original work is properly cited. All Rights Reserved.

In the current times of COVID -19, most healthcare providers are struggling to ensure patient safety and keep the healthcare-associated infection under check. However, various measures are adopted by tertiary care hospitals to provide safe and effective healthcare services in the current pandemic situation. However, various healthcare professionals have different perceptions about the effectiveness of the measures adopted. The current study is carried out in a tertiary care hospital of Noida city of India, where a questionnaire containing demographic data and the measures adopted in the hospital were given to twenty-seven medical professionals to rate the measures following their effectiveness in times of COVID-19. The collected responses were analysed with the help of the Henry Garret Ranking Method. The analysis of the results revealed that the top three effective measures out of all the measures adopted by the hospital included spreading awareness about modes of transmission of infection (First Rank), Creation of isolation ward in the hospital for contagious diseases (Second Rank), providing adequate care in intensive care and high dependency unit in a systematic manner (Third Rank). This study provides a ready reckoned list arranged in the ranked order for the effective measures in times of COVID-19, from medical professionals' perspectives to all the healthcare institutions who are struggling to adapt .to the COVID-19 requirements.

This study explored the first-person lived experiences of 2 nurses and 2 doctors combating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China. The in-depth interviews indicated that frontline healthcare professionals were at high risk of developing symptoms of fear, anxiety, depression, stress, loneliness, and burnout. The fear of being infected and the heavy workload in the isolation ward are the main risk factors for frontline health workers' psychological problems. Comprehensive assistance and social support must be provided in order to resolve their mental health issues.

Background: Working in the COVID-19 pandemic era isn’t easy, especially for personnel who work in COVID-19 referral hospitals. Non-medical workers such as environmental service workers (ESW) also experience changes in regulations at work. ESW in isolation ward are included in the high exposure risk category because of their high potential for close contact with COVID-19 patients. This study aims to analyze the ESW’s perception of working at the COVID-19 referral hospital in Klaten. Methods: This is a descriptive qualitative study with a phenomenological approach. Four respondents were obtained for interviews. Results: The results show that ESW’s understanding of COVID-19 hasn’t been maximized and evenly distributed, there are obstacles and changes of habits, in the work system and service standards that create inconvenience while working, psychological impacts; both negative and positive feelings appear while working during this pandemic. However, ESW still work professionally, have a good work commitment to reduce the risk of nosocomial infections including preventing the spread of the virus. Conclusion: ESW’s perceptions related to COVID-19 hasn’t been evenly distributed. Mandatory use of personal protective equipment in the pandemic era, causes discomfort and obstacles to work. This pandemic triggered the emergence of negative emotions that are dominant over positive emotions. However, ESW can still work professionally.

Front-line health care workers are among the most vulnerable groups at risk for acquiring COVID-19, yet the exact mechanisms of how infections occur in health care settings are yet to be identified. Objectives: To review the epidemiologic and environmental factors surrounding a cluster of nosocomially acquired COVID-19 cases with possible non respiratory droplet transmission indicating the importance of strict adherence with isolation procedures for patients and staff. Methods: Contact and environmental investigations were completed to determine the source and possible routes of hospital transmission of COVID-19. Results: Seven cases of COVID-19 occurred in the COVID-19 isolation ward of a secondary hospital from 12/04/2020 to 01/05/2020. Analysis also included first four COVID-19 patients admitted to this facility. Epidemiologic links included exposure to massive bowel movements of two infected patients in adjoining rooms on the same day. Serious gaps in infection control practices lead to further spread the virus and cross infection between the staff. Conclusion: Despite preparedness to combat pandemics, the infection control precautions taken at this facility were found not sufficient to prevent nosocomial spread of COVID-19. Issues were identified with compliance, enforcement, and failure to update to the most current guidance. Urgent review of ongoing hygiene and isolation practices in hospitals of this type is indicated. Further studies are required to better understand the role of fecal oral transmission and environmental contamination in the transmission of COVID-19.

Background: COVID-19 is a global pandemic affecting over 25 million people with more than one million deaths and having different patterns of clinical presentation. The study aimed to describe the patterns of clinical presentation of COVID-19 patients in Federal Medical Centre, Asaba, Nigeria. Methods: After obtaining an ethical approval, a facility-based retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out among 50 eligible patients in the hospital’s isolation ward. Data was collected from the patients’ case notes using a proforma to describe the epidemiological history, medical history, symptoms, signs, treatment measures and complications. Data were analyzed with Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20 and presented as percentages, mean and standard deviation. Results: The mean age of respondents was 44.7 ± 17.3 years with slightly higher proportion of female 26 (52.0%) and majority 41 (82.0%) had tertiary level of education. Fever 29 (76.3%), followed by malaise 19 (50.0%), cough 18 (47.4%), difficulty with breathing 14 (36.8%) and headache 14 (36.8%) were the most common presenting symptoms while majority 43 (86.0%) of the respondents had mild to moderate clinical presentation. The commonest source of the infection was close contact with confirmed case 33 (66.0%). Conclusion: Mild to moderate cases of COVID-19 were more, with over two-third of the patients being symptomatic. The replication of this study in other COVID-19 treatment centers/isolation wards will aid in the better management of COVID-19 patients.

Background: COVID-19 seriousness may result from its pandemic infection from human-to-human transmission and evidence of transmission from animal to human as well. Mainly COVID-19 is transmitted by respiratory droplets while aerosol transmission can occur in specific situation mainly in crowded poor ventilated spaces. This transmission affects individual, health care workers (HCWs), health institutions and the whole community Aim of the Study: to identify factors associated with transmission of COVID-19 infection among nursing staff in Fever hospital, Kafr Eldawar, 2021. Research Design: Cross sectional research design was used. Setting: The present study was conducted at This study was conducted in Kafr Eldawar Fever hospital. Subjects: A convenient sample of 104 nurses out of total number of hospital nursing staff (who are on duty, accessible at the time of the study and agreed to participate in the study) is 169 nurses in all hospital units. Tools: one tool was developed by the researchers in the form of self-administered questionnaires “factors associated with COVID-19 infection”. It consisted of four parts, part I: socio-occupational data, part II:" Factors predisposing nursing staff to COVID-19", part III: "Adherence to infection prevention and control (IPC) measures information" and part IV: " Nursing staff opinions". Results: Majority of nurses were directly assigned beds to patients diagnosed with COVID-19, more than two thirds of them worked in a COVID-19 isolation ward and were touching their cheeks, nose, or mouth at work. Conclusion: There is significant relation between Participation in in-service training program related to dealing with COVID-19 infection and previous COVID-19 infection and factors predisposing one to COVID-19. Recommendation: Well-established hospital information systems (MIS), personal digital assistant (PDA) systems, and a local intranet to avoid unnecessary contact with COVID-19 infection.

During this COVID pandemic healthcare worker systems were overwhelmed. Doctors especially otorhinolaryngologists in addition to doing their specialty duty were also recruited to provide care to COVID-19 patients. To our knowledge, no studies about their experiences regarding COVID-19 have been published. Present study aimed to describe the experiences of Otorhinolaryngologist during this pandemic. This is a qualitative study using an empirical phenomenological approach. 30 ENT doctors were recruited from government and private sector. They participated in semi-structured, in-depth interviews by telephone in a period of one month. Interviews were recorded by consent and data was analyzed. After analysis four themes were revealed namely; 'nature of duty during Covid-19 pandemic', 'modification made to adjust the duty', 'conflict between professional duty and family responsibilities', and 'fear of pandemic ill effect on their health'. The extreme work and fatigue drained ours ENT doctor's physically as well as emotionally. But our doctors showed their resilience and the spirit of professional dedication to overcome difficulties. Comprehensive support should be provided to safeguard the wellbeing of health-care providers mainly doctors. In the meantime timely as well as intensive training for all healthcare worker is highly recommended to promote preparedness and improve efficacy during the pandemic.

This study investigated, using validated computational fluid dynamics techniques, the potential infection risks to medical staff when performing endotracheal intubation in the negative pressure isolation ward during treatment of COVID-19 patients. The research first simulated the airflow distribution in negative pressure isolation ward and then examined the potential infection risks to medical staff under two different respiratory conditions of a patient (i.e. patient with endotracheal intubation and patient with normal respiration). The results revealed that medical staff have high possibility to be contracted when performing endotracheal intubation. Personal protective equipment during endotracheal intubation is thus critical to mitigate the potential infection risk to medical staff. Space position and body posture of the medical staff (e.g. standing upright and bent over) would influence the contamination risk. Higher infection risk was noted for the medical staff who performs endotracheal intubation as compared to the other who delivers assistance. A bent-over posture of the medical staff encounters more particle exposure due to a closer distance to the patient head as well as the unfavourable airflow pattern/direction. Protection by using a plastic aerosol box over the head of the patient was studied, which shows promising improvement by preventing more than 75% of virus particles from spreading around.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is highly infectious and has spread worldwide. Medical staff may be exposed to the infection under circumstances of medical supply shortages and improper protection. How to better protect medical staff has become the focus of all walks of life. Therefore, during the COVID-19 outbreak, timely adjustments and optimization of nursing management strategies in isolation wards are important for improving care quality and reducing the infection of medical staff. Based on a literature review and clinical nursing management practices, this article summarizes the nursing management strategies in isolation wards during the COVID-19 outbreak, aiming to provide references for clinical nursing managers.

Early diagnosis is critical for the prevention and control of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We attempted to apply a protocol using teleultrasound, which is supported by the 5G network, to explore the feasibility of solving the problem of early imaging assessment of COVID-19. Four male patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 were hospitalized in isolation wards in two different cities. Ultrasound specialists, located in two other different cities, carried out the robot-assisted teleultrasound and remote consultation in order to settle the problem of early cardiopulmonary evaluation. Lung ultrasound, brief echocardiography, and blood volume assessment were performed. Whenever difficulties of remote manipulation and diagnosis occurred, the alternative examination was repeated by a specialist from another city, and in sequence, remote consultation was conducted immediately to meet the consensus. The ultrasound specialists successfully completed the telerobotic ultrasound. Lung ultrasound indicated signs of pneumonia with varying degrees in all cases and mild pleural effusion in one case. No abnormalities of cardiac structure and function and blood volume were detected. Remote consultation on the issue of manipulation practice, and the diagnosis in one case was conducted. The cardiopulmonary information was delivered to the frontline clinicians immediately for further treatment. The practice of teleultrasound protocol makes early diagnosis and repeated assessment available in the isolation ward. Ultrasound specialists can be protected from infection, and personal protective equipment can be spared. Quality control can be ensured by remote consultations among doctors. This protocol is worth consideration as a feasible strategy for early imaging assessment in the COVID-19 pandemic.

Highlights • Cases of COVID-19 may be housed outside isolation wards prior to detection. • A bundle of infrastructural enhancements, improved PPE and social distancing was implemented. • Of 253 staff close-contacts and 45 patient close-contacts of 28 index cases, one patient contact tested positive. • Environmental sampling was positive for SARS-CoV-2 in 5 out of 28 cases. • An infection control bundle mitigated COVID-19 transmission in a general ward setting., Background During an ongoing outbreak of COVID-19, unsuspected cases may be housed outside of dedicated isolation wards. Aim At a Singaporean tertiary hospital, individuals with clinical syndromes compatible with COVID-19 but no epidemiologic risk were placed in cohorted general wards for COVID-19 testing. To mitigate risk, an infection control bundle was implemented comprising infrastructural enhancements, improved personal-protective-equipment (PPE), and social distancing. We assessed the impact on environmental contamination and transmission. Method Upon detection of a case of COVID-19 in the dedicated general ward, patients and healthcare workers (HCWs) contacts were identified. All patient and staff-close contacts were placed on 14-day phone surveillance and followed-up for 28 days; symptomatic contacts were tested. Environmental samples were also obtained. Findings Over a 3-month period, 28 unsuspected cases of COVID-19 were contained in the dedicated general ward. In 5 of the 28 cases, sampling of the patient's environment yielded SARS-CoV-2; index cases who required supplemental oxygen had higher odds of environmental contamination (p=0.01). A total of 253 staff close-contacts and 45 patient close-contacts were identified; only 3 HCWs (1.2%, 3/253) required quarantine. On 28-day follow-up, no patient-to-HCW transmission was documented; only one symptomatic patient close-contact tested positive. Conclusion Our institution successfully implemented an intervention bundle to mitigate COVID-19 transmission in a multi-bedded cohorted general ward setting.

Aim To explore an effective personalized training model for nurses working in emergency isolation wards of COVID‐19 in a short period. Design This study is a longitudinal study from 24 January 2020 to 28 February 2020. Methods There are 71 nursing staff working in the emergency isolation wards of Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital that participated in this study. The questionnaires were conducted with Likert scale. The operation assessment teachers have received standardized training. The self‐rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self‐rating depression Scale (SDS) were applied to assess the mental state of nurses. Results After short‐term training, these nurses can handle the emergency tasks in a timely manner. The pass rate of nurse theory and operation assessment is 100%. The 111 suspected patients admitted to the emergency isolation ward have been scientifically diagnosed and treated, the three confirmed patients have received appropriate treatment. No nurses have been infected. Conclusions In this study, the personalized emergency training mode was feasible in the emergency isolation ward during the COVID‐19 epidemic, which rapidly improved the rescue ability of nurses and effectively avoid the occurrence of cross‐infection. This mode can provide a valuable reference for the emergency training of nurses in the future.

Objectives A large number of healthcare workers (HCWs) were infected by SARS-CoV-2 during the ongoing outbreak of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. Hospitals are significant epicenters for the human-to-human transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 for HCWs, patients, and visitors. No data has been reported on the details of hospital environmental contamination status in the epicenter of Wuhan. Methods We collected 626 surface swabs within the Zhongnan Medical Center in Wuhan in the mist of the COVID-19 outbreak between February 7 - February 27, 2020. Dacron swabs were aseptically collected from the surfaces of 13 hospital function zones, five major objects, and three major PPE. The SARS-CoV-2 RNAs were detected by reverse transcription-PCR. Results The most contaminated zones were the intensive care unit specialized for taking care of novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) (31.9%), Obstetric Isolation Ward specialized for pregnant women with NCP (28.1%), and Isolation Ward for NCP (19.6%). We classified the 13 zones into four contamination levels. The most contaminated objects were self-service printers (20.0%), desktop/keyboard (16.8%), and doorknob (16.0%). Both hand sanitizer dispensers (20.3%) and gloves (15.4%) were the most contaminated PPE. Conclusion Our findings emphasize the urgent need to ensure adequate environmental cleaning, strengthen infection prevention training, and improve infection prevention among HCWs during the outbreak of COVID-19.

Background Severe COVID‐19 patients typically test positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA for extended periods of time, even after recovery from severe disease. Due to the timeframe involved, these patients may have developed humoral immunity to SARS‐CoV‐2 while still testing positive for viral RNA in swabs. Data are lacking on exposure risks in these situations. Here, we studied SARS‐CoV‐2 environmental contamination in an ICU and an isolation ward caring for such COVID‐19 patients. Methods We collected air and surface samples in a hospital caring for critical and severe COVID‐19 cases from common areas and areas proximal to patients. Results Of the 218 ICU samples, an air sample contained SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA. Of the 182 isolation ward samples, nine contained SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA. These were collected from a facemask, the floor, mobile phones, and the air in the patient room and bathroom. Serum antibodies against SARS‐CoV‐2 were detected in these patients at the beginning of the study. Conclusions While there is a perception of increased risk in the ICU, our study demonstrates that isolation wards may pose greater risks to healthcare workers and exposure risks remain with clinically improved patients, weeks after their initial diagnoses. As these patients had serum antibodies, further studies may be warranted to study the utility of serum antibodies as a surrogate of viral clearance in allowing people to return to work. We recommend continued vigilance even with patients who appear to have recovered from COVID‐19.

In order to accurately admit children with COVID-19 to an isolation ward, our study retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics of children in isolation wards during the COVID-19 epidemic. It was found that 55 cases (83.3%) had fever and 48 cases (72.7%) coughed in the isolated area, 31 cases (47%) had a history of exposure, 26 cases (39.4%) had a decrease in lymphocytes (LYM), more than half had an increase in lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase isoenzyme, 14 cases (21.2%) had positive SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid, 58 cases (87.9%) had abnormal chest computed tomography (CT), and 11 cases (16.7%) had sinus arrhythmia. Therefore, for some suspected children with COVID-19, we can make a comprehensive judgment through clinical symptoms, epidemiological history, LYM number, myocardial enzyme spectrum, chest CT, and electrocardiogram; put these children in an isolation ward for treatment; and then transfer them to a general ward for treatment after excluding COVID-19.

Objective:Here, we present an overview of how a tertiary hospital responded to maintain necessary activities and protect patients and staff from the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak.Methods:Gil Medical Center, a tertiary hospital in Incheon, has operated a special response team since January 21, 2020. All visitors were assessed for body temperature and respiratory symptoms, and screened for recent overseas travel. Suspected COVID-19 patients were taken to a screening clinic. All febrile patients with or without respiratory symptoms were taken to a respiratory safety clinic. An isolation ward, which consisted of 10 negative-pressure rooms, was used to treat confirmed cases. More than 120 beds were prepared for the outbreak, and patients with pneumonia were preemptively isolated.Results:By May 5, 480 960 visitors were assessed at the control station, 3350 patients visited the triage center, and 1794 were treated in the respiratory safety clinic. Seventeen confirmed cases were admitted to the negative isolation ward, and 350 patients with pneumonia were preemptively isolated. A total of 2977 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) polymerase chain reaction tests were performed.Conclusions:While tertiary hospitals play an important role in treating both COVID-19 patients and non-COVID-19 patients, hospital staff have to protect themselves from unexpected in-hospital transmission. A multifaceted response must be undertaken to protect tertiary hospitals and their staff during the COVID-19 epidemic.

BACKGROUND: Since December 2019, a number of patients infected with COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) have been identified in Wuhan, Hubei, China. As the epidemic has spread, similar cases have also been found in other parts of mainland China and abroad. The main reason for this spread is the highly contagious nature of the virus and the fact that children can also become infected during its incubation period. This has made the virus a substantial challenge for the outpatient triage staff of children’s hospitals outside the epidemic area of the Hubei Province. It is very important for the preview and triage personnel to accurately grasp the epidemiology of the virus and identify children’s symptoms in the fever clinic. METHODS: We performed an analysis of our early preview and triage of suspected COVID-19 in 36 children presenting at fever clinics. Two specialists either excluded suspected cases or referred cases to the isolation ward for new nucleic acid testing. RESULTS: All 14 children who were transferred to the isolation ward had a fever, and 71.43% of them had a cough. Their nucleic acid testing results were negative. The suspected cases and excluded suspected cases had similar epidemiology history as well as complete blood count results. With reference to the diagnostic criteria in existing pediatric guidelines, we have further improved the triage screening questionnaire for children with fever in our hospital. CONCLUSIONS: According to the situation in our city and hospital, an evaluation questionnaire that is suitable for use with children in our hospital has been formulated to achieve the goals of early detection, isolation, diagnosis, and treatment. We provided an important basis for the next step in developing accurate preview and triage screening standards and appropriate guidelines for pediatric patients.

Objective: To explore the application of intelligent equipment in non-negative pressure isolation ward for COVID-2019 patients. Method: From February 1 to March 17, 2020, intelligent equipment, such as communication interaction system, intelligent disinfection robot, delivering robot, were used in non- negative pressure isolation ward of COVID-2019. With the help of communication interaction system to supervise the implementation of infection prevention and control, and observe the incorrect situation of pee use and personal behavior before and after the implementation. The disinfection robot and meal delivery robot were used in ward disinfection and life nursing combined with nursing practice. Result: Through the supervision of communication interaction system, the frequency of pee use and personal behavior was reduced. The frequency of bad articles before and after improvement was wearing protective clothing (2.80%/0.84%), taking off protective clothing (5.87%/0.84%), personal behavior observation (8.38%/1.90%), P < 0.01. The robot disinfected and delivered medicine for 912.5 h, saving 225 shifts of nursing staff. Conclusion: Intelligent equipment is a good option for infection control in isolation ward of COVID-2019. It can not only reduce the workload of health workers, but also the cross-infection.

Objectives: To control the Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) epidemic, it is meaningful to improve the home quarantine ability and home-quarantine compliancy of patients released from medical isolation, and to prevent cross-contamination. This study aimed to up protocols for COVID-19 patients released from medical isolation. Methods: A total of 35 patients discharged from the isolation ward of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Sun Yat-sen University from January 22, 2020 to February 18, 2020 were included. The patients received health education through discharge preparation, education leaflets and videos. The patients were followed up on the 2nd, 7th and 14th day after discharge through WeChat and phone call. On the 2nd and 14th day after discharge, the patients completed the knowledge assessment, self-perceived burden survey and satisfaction survey using a self-made home quarantine knowledge paper. Results: There were statistical differences in the knowledge and understanding of home quarantine and self-perceived burden between the 2nd day and 14th day after home quarantine (P < 0.05). The completion rate of home quarantine was 94.3%, and the satisfaction rate was 96.7%. Conclusion: By improving the discharge preparation, conducting in-time follow-up after discharge via WeChat and phone call, and performing multi-channel health education, the follow-up researchers could help the patients perform a more effective home quarantine, which could effectively prevent the spread of COVID-19 epidemic.