Search

Cakavizam je specifična realizacija palatalnih suglasnika geografski ograničena na lokalne varijetete duž istočne obale Jadrana. Unatoč prijeporima i različitim hipotezama vezanim uz porijeklo cakavizma, od onih koji ga tumače kao posljedicu egzogenog (mletačkog) (Małecki 2007 [1929]; Hraste 1962), endogenog (slavenskog, odnosno čakavskog) (Hamm 1957; 1960; Moguš 1977), odnosno kombiniranog podrijetla (Muljačić 1966), autori se mahom slažu da se radi o isključivo čakavskom obilježju. Kao izrazito istaknuto obilježje cakavica je već dugo izložena postepenom napuštanju i to ponajviše u ranije cakavskim obalnim govorima, a zatim i u izoliranijim otočnim govorima. Govor Komiže smatra se najjužnijim cakavskim govorom (Małecki 2007 [1929]), a danas su viški govori među rijetkima koji cakavizam još uvijek čuvaju. Na temelju sociolingvističkog istraživanja na otoku Visu, koje se većinom temelji na uzorcima govorenog jezika prikupljenim intervjuiranjem govornika različite dobi, u radu se analizira jezična varijabilnost i promjena u pojavi cakavizma kako u stvarnom vremenu u odnosu na podatke prikupljene Upitnikom za Hrvatski jezični atlas tako i u prividnom vremenu među govornicima različite dobi. Iako je još uvijek prisutan, cakavizam je u svom punom obliku potvrđen još jedino kod najstarijih govornika. Prikupljeni uzorci govora pokazuju, naime, da se većina cakavskih realizacija svodi na depalatalizirani izgovor /č/, dok se tzv. srednji glasovi /ś/ i /ź/ čuvaju tek iznimno. Cakavizam je među mlađima i govornicima srednje dobi također posvjedočen, no u reduciranom i petrificiranom obliku. Osim toga, cakavizam je u viškim govorima danas često leksikalizirano i ne više produktivno obilježje., Cakavism is a specific realization of originally palatal con¬sonants geographically confined to local idioms along the eastern Adriatic coast. Although its origins have been much disputed and various hypotheses concerning its genesis proposed, ranging from those that postulate its exogenous (Romance Venetian) (Małecki 1929; Hraste 1962), endogenous (autochtonous Slavic Čakavian) (Hamm 1957;1960; Moguš 1977) or mixed origins (Muljačić 1966), no one ever questioned its status as an exclusively Čakavian feature. As an extremely salient feature, cakavism has been exposed to gradual abandoning, which affected first coastal varieties and subsequently other more isolated insular cakavian varieties. The speech of Komiža is considered the southernmost cakavian point (Małecki 2007 [1929]), and the varieties of the Island of Vis are among rare that still maintain this Čakavian feature. On the basis of sociolinguistic research on the Island of Vis, based largely on samples of spoken language collected by interviewing speakers of different ages, the paper analyzes linguistic variability and change in the form and frequency of cakavian realizations. Language change is analyzed in real time by means of comparing field data with the data collected by the Questionnaire for the Croatian Language Atlas in 1960s, and in apparent time by comparing the patterns in language use among speakers of various ages. Although still present, cakavism in its full-fledged form is confirmed only in the oldest age-group. The collected speech samples indicate that the majority of cakavian realizations have been reduced to depalatalized realization of /č/, while the so-called ‘middle sounds’ /ś/ and /ź/ are maintained only exceptionally. Younger and middle-age speakers, therefore, conserve the feature, but in a reduced and petrified form. Also, cakavism is nowadays often lexicalized and no longer a productive feature on the Island of Vis.

Zbog svoje sačuvanosti i povijesne važnosti u Viškom boju Gospina baterija u Visu ima posebno mjesto u korpusu fortifikacijskih građevina iz vremena druge austrijske uprave na otoku. U tekstu se daje povijesni pregled događaja koji su prethodili gradnji Baterije, rekonstruira kompletan proces izgradnje, pojašnjava njezina uloga u ratnim zbivanjima sredinom 19. stoljeća, kao i transformacije od austrijskog napuštanja vojnih položaja na otoku Visu od kraja 19. stoljeća sve do početka 21. stoljeća. U dodatku tekstu daje se osvrt na značaj kartografske zbirke Ratnog arhiva u Beču u kontekstu proučavanja povijesti graditeljstva., Our Lady’s battery in Vis was built during the second Austrian administration (from 1814 to 1918) at the bottom of the spacious bay of Vis, not far from the parish church of Our Lady of Spilica, after which it was named. As part of the defence system of the war port of Vis, it was the last point of defence in case of enemy breach into the interior of the bay of Vis. Since immediately after the Austrian demilitarization of the island it was converted into a public, civilian facility that has been maintained to this day, the original appearance of Our Lady’s Battery has been almost completely preserved. The battery, therefore, stands out in the corpus of Austrian fortification buildings on the island of Vis, mostly devastated or demolished and, today, unrecognizable, and unreadable in space. The text provides a historical overview of the events that preceded the construction of Our Lady’s Battery and explains its role in war events in the middle of the 19th century, especially in the conflict between the Italian and Austrian navies, where the Italians wanted to secure supremacy over the Adriatic by conquering the island of Vis, and which, by the 1866 Battle of Vis, ended with the Italian fleet defeated. The paper gives an overview of the transformations of the Battery that took placeafter the Austrians left the military positions on the island of Vis at the end of the 19th century and all the way until the beginning of the 21st century. According to the analysis of historical drawings, maps and technical plans from the cartographic collections of the War Archives at the Austrian State Archives and the Croatian State Archives, some of which are published for the first time, the complete process of building Our Lady’s Battery has been reconstructed, beginning with the conception of the fortification system of the island of Vis and the formation of the defence system of the war port of Vis through the design and construction process to its final appearance and armament. As archival material, the drawings are not only a source of data on the original appearance of the historic building, but they also provide data on the standard of production and furnishing of technical drawings and document a high level of knowledge of Austrian military engineers and constructors regarding the application of innovative technical solutions during construction. The appendix to the text provides an overview of the significance of the cartographic collection of the Austrian State Archives, the War Archives in Vienna in the context of the study of the history of construction.

A small population of the whale bone-associated, deep sea bivalve Idas simpsoni was recovered on the maxillar bone of a fin whale Balaenoptera physalus, trawled up near the island of Vis in the middle Adriatic Sea from the depth of 120 m. In this paper basic biometric and population structure of forementioned species is presented. The data acquired from this population is compared to set of data from previous finding of Idas simpsoni trawled in 2003 off the island of Mljet, south Adriatic Sea, from the depth of 430 m. The comparison showed that there is strong positive statistical relationship between the size of the shell and the depth (F=48, 017).

Autor je pri pisanju diplomskog rada koristio stručnu literaturu koja govori o situaciji na otoku Visu od kapitulacije Italije do kraja Drugog svjetskog rata. Također, koristeći se arhivskom građom i tadašnjom periodikom, pokušao je dodatno prikazati život lokalnog stanovništva pod talijanskom okupacijom i nakon nje. Najprije je prikazana situacija na otoku Visu prije kapitulacije Italije te se osvrnuo na njegovo strategijsko i političko značenje koje će biti od iznimne važnosti za sam tijek Rata na prostoru Jugoslavije. Naime, otok Vis je bio etapna stanica za zbjeg stanovništva u Italiju te se od tamo dio izbjeglica prebacio Savezničkim brodovima u Egipat. Osim toga, otok je bio tada važna točka na Jadranu za transport Savezničkog oružja i opreme koja je bila prijeko potrebna NOVJ u borbi protiv Nijemaca i njihovih saveznika. Otok Vis dobiva dodatno na važnosti 7. lipnja 1944. godine. Naime, od tada do 18. rujna 1944. godine na otoku su boravili članovi Vrhovnog štaba, Predsjedništvo AVNOJ-a zajedno s Josipom Brozom Titom. U tom vremenskom intervalu oni su iz otoka Visa rukovodili vojnim operacijama NOVJ-a na otoku i kopnu te su se diplomatski borili za svoju ideju buduće Jugoslavije nakon Rata. Također, Vrhovni štab se iz Visa nije se bavio samo s Narodno Oslobodilačkim Pokretima unutar teritorija predratne Jugoslavije, nego je surađivao i s grčkim, albanskim i bugarskim Narodno Oslobodilačkim Pokretima koji su djelovali protiv nacista i njihovih saveznika. Tako se može reći da je tada otok Vis imao međunarodno značenje u borbi protiv nacizma. In writing his thesis, the author used professional literature that talks about the situation on the island of Vis from the capitulation of Italy to the end of World War II. Also, using archival material and periodicals of the time, he tried to show further the life of the local population under and after the Italian occupation. First, the situation on the island of Vis before the capitulation of Italy was presented, and he commented on its strategic and political significance, which will be extremely important for the course of the War in Yugoslavia. Namely, the island of Vis was a stage station for the refugee population to Italy, and from there part of the refugees were transferred by Allied ships to Egypt. In addition, the island was then an important point on the Adriatic for the transport of Allied weapons and equipment that was much needed by the NOVJ in the fight against the Germans and their allies. The island of Vis gained additional importance on June 7, 1944. Namely, from then until September 18, 1944, members of the Supreme Staff, the Presidency of AVNOJ, together with Josip Broz Tito, stayed on the island. In that time interval, they led the NOVJ's military operations on the island and the mainland from the island of Vis and fought diplomatically for their idea of a future Yugoslavia after the War. Also, the Supreme Headquarters from Vis not only dealt with the People's Liberation Movements within the territory of pre-war Yugoslavia, but also cooperated with the Greek, Albanian and Bulgarian People's Liberation Movements that acted against the Nazis and their allies. Thus, it can be said that at that time the island of Vis had international significance in the fight against Nazism.

Kultura i turizam imaju uzajamnu vezu u kojoj jedno neminovno utječe na drugo – kultura postaje vrlo važan motiv turističkih putovanja te nezaobilazni čimbenik turističke ponude. Kulturni se turizam bavi upoznavanjem posjetitelja s različitim i zanimljivim karakteristikama određenog grada, regije ili države. U skladu s tim, film je izraz umjetnosti i kulture te on zastupa i predstavlja način života lokalnog stanovništva, njihov jezik i povijest. Upravo se zbog toga filmski turizam može nazvati granom kulturnog turizma. Filmski i književni turizam su, u većini slučajeva, međusobno isprepleteni jer se većina turistički značajnih, ali i poznatih filmova temelji upravo na istoimenim književnim djelima. Dakle, u ovom obliku turizma posjetitelje privlače mjesta u kojima se odvijala radnja filma ili sam prikaz određenog mjesta na televiziji, odnosno filmu. Nadalje, dvije bitne distinkcije ovog oblika turizma jesu filmski turizam na mjestu snimanja te filmski turizam izvan mjesta snimanja, čija se razlika očituje ponajprije u lokaciji. Odabrane studije slučaja ukazuju na spremnost destinacija u inkorporiranju filma kroz turizam te na problematiku i prednosti s kojima se susreću. Osim toga, analizom i komparacijom se utvrđuje stupanj razvijenosti filmskih destinacija. Culture and tourism affect and correlate with each other – culture becomes a very important travelling motive and an inevitable factor of the tourism offer. Cultural tourism deals with familiarizing visitors with different and interesting characteristics of a particular town, region or country. Accordingly, the film is an expression of arts and culture and it represents the local community’s way of life, language, and history. That is the way the term film tourism can be called a branch of cultural tourism. Film and literary tourism are in most cases intertwined because most of the tourism significant and popular films are based on the eponymous literary works. So, visitors are attracted to the places where the storyline or the display of a certain site for the film took place. Furthermore, two major distinctions are on-location and off-location film tourism. The difference between those two is manifested primarily in the location. The selected case studies point out the promptness of destinations to incorporate the film through tourism, and the issues and advantages they are faced with. In addition, the analysis and comparison determine the degree of development of film destinations.

External cost of road traffic, identified as the highest among traffic modes, is an important indicator of the European Union's transport policy to shift traffic off the road to a more environmentally acceptable mode. Ferry traffic generates benefits to each port of call in localities having invested in port infrastructure, and there is an interest of the local community to have their own ferry line, especially on islands. Two alternative ferry lines have been created combining maritime and road traffic on the specific route from the town of Vis to the town of Komiža and compared from the external costs standpoint. The first alternative ferry line comprises one port of call in the town of Vis, combining it with a road modality to and from the town of Komiža. In the second alternative, the road traffic has been excluded and two ferry ports of call have been introduced, one towards the town of Vis and the other by extending the ferry voyage to the town of Komiža. The results show the model of one port of call with the integration of more road traffic on the specific route as a better solution. Despite the use of ultra-low sulphur diesel fuel on ferries, the absence of congestion in road traffic on the island of Vis and generally slow implementation of modern emission standards in maritime traffic, road traffic seems to provide a better solution as an environmentally more acceptable mode on this route.

Autor je iz svoje zbirke paremiologizama otoka Visa, koje je skupljao u sklopu svog istraživanja usmene predaje otoka Visa, izabrao poslovice kao najsažetiji jezični oblik kojim se u organskoj ljudskoj zajednici insularnog prostora otoka Visa čuva i usmeno prenosi među generacijama pučka filozofija spoznaje o životu, o odnosima među ljudima, o prirodnim pojavama, o ritmu meteorološkog vremena, o rodnim odnosima, o iskustvu rada ribarskog i težačkog posla, o smislu čovjekove egzistencije, o odnosu čovjeka prema transcendentnom iskustvu. Takvi proverbijalni iskazi vrlo su ekspresivni zbog sažetosti izraza i potrebe njihovih kreatora da iskaz bude pamtljiv, da uđe u kolektivnu memoriju i ondje trajno ostane kao opomena, kao memento proživljena iskustva ovjerena u životnoj praksi i kao spoznaja univerzalno primjenjiva. Ta misao znade koji put dosegnuti filozofsku lucidnost spoznaje životnih fenomena sagledanih u procesu, u promjenjivosti okoline i relacija u čovjeku samome i njegovoj okolini, društvenoj i prirodnoj. Ujedno ti pučki proverbiji otkrivaju u najsažetijoj jezičnoj formi životnu mudrost neškolovana puka, njegovu vezanost za iskustvo prethodnih generacija, njegovo povjerenje u kontinuitet i smisao međugeneracijske povezanosti te smisao čuvanja naslijeđena znanja kao vrijednosti bitne za opstanak. Poslovice otkrivaju i istančan osjećaj za jezičnu kreativnost u mikrostilističkim formacijama proverbijalnog izraza, što je autoru izazov i za stilističku interpretaciju., The author has chosen proverbs from his collection of paremiologisms from the island of Vis, which he had collected for his research of the island’s oral tradition, as the most summarized linguistic form used by the organic human community of Vis for preservation and oral transfer of folk philosophy on life, human relationships, natural phenomena, rhythm of meteorological weather, gender relations, experience of fisherman and farmer labour, sense of human existence and opinion of a man towards transcendental experience among different generations. Such proverbial expressions are very expressive due to brevity of expression and the necessity of their creators to make the saying easy to remember, to enter the collective memory permanently as a warning, or as a memento of acquired experience authenticated in life practice and a universally applicable truth. This thought that can reach a philosophic lucidity of knowledge on life phenomena seen in a process, within changeability of environment and relations within the man himself, as well as his social and natural environment. Also, these people proverbs reveal in their shortest form a life wisdom of non-schooled folk, its connection to the experience of past generations, its trust in the continuity and sense of intergenerational connections and sense of preserving inherited knowledge as a value necessary for survival. These proverbs reveal a refined sense for linguistic creativity in micro stylistic formations of proverbial expression which represented a challenge for the stylistic interpretation of the author., L’autore dalla sua collezione di paremiologismi dell’isola di Vis, che ha raccolto nell’ambito della sua ricerca della tradizione orale di quest’isola, ha scelto i proverbi come la forma linguistica più sintetica con la quale nella comunità organica umana del territorio insulare di Vis si conserva e tramanda oralmente, di generazione in generazione, la filosofia popolare della conoscenza della vita, dei rapporti interpersonali, dei fenomeni naturali, del ritmo del tempo meteorologico, dei rapporti di genere, dell’esperienza di lavoro del pescatore e del contadino, del senso dell’esistenza umana, della relazione dell’uomo con l’esperienza trascendente. Queste espressioni proverbiali sono molto espressive per la concisione e l’esigenza dei loro creatori che siano memorizzabili, che entrino e rimangano permanentemente nella memoria collettiva come monito, come memento di esperienza vissuta nella prassi quotidiana e di conoscenza universalmente valida. Concetti che sanno a volta raggiungere la lucidità filosofica della conoscenza dei fenomeni quotidiani visti in processo, nei cambiamenti dell’ambiente e delle relazioni nell’uomo stesso e nel suo contesto sociale e naturale. Allo stesso tempo questi proverbi popolari rivelano nella più sintetica forma linguistica la saggezza vissuta del popolo non istruito, il suo legame con le generazioni precedenti, la sua convinzione della continuità e del senso del rapporto intergenerazionale, e il senso del tramandare i saperi ereditati come valori essenziali per la sopravvivenza. Questi proverbi denotano anche una raffinata sensibilità per la creatività linguistica nelle formazioni microstilistiche dell’espressione proverbiale, ciò che rappresenta per l’autore una sfida anche per l’interpretazione stilistica.

Glavna tema ovog rada odnosi se na razvoj nautičkog turizma na otoku Visu te njegov utjecaj u sustavu razvoja destinacije općenito. Budući da je pojam nautičkog turizma kompleksan jer sadrži pomorsku komponentu, prije svega je definiran pojam nautičkog turizma i oblici nautičkog prometa koji nastaju pod utjecajem mnogobrojnih motiva. Ekspanzivan razvoj nautičkog turizma izravno se nadovezuje na razvoj pomorstva općenito i brodarske tehnike, a u Hrvatskoj nagli razvoj započinje stihijskom izgradnjom kompleksa marina i luka duž Jadranske obale 1970-ih. Nakon definiranja općih i povijesnih odrednica nautičkog turizma, opisan je otok Vis unutar geografskih obilježja i u sustavu dosadašnjeg razvoja turizma otoku te navedena je turistička atrakcijska osnova kao glavni nositelj turističke ponude. S obzirom da je nautički turizam u određenoj mjeri ekskluzivan te okuplja turiste uglavnom veće platežne moći, nautički turizam uslijed povećane turističke potrošnje potiče razvoj destinacije kojoj gravitira. Međutim, kao svojevrsni okupator prostora u kojem se nalazi, nautički turizam za sobom nosi posljedice koji se mogu negativno odraziti na atraktivnost destinacije. U kontekstu otoka Visa navedeni su pozitivni i negativni utjecaji razvoja nautičkog turizma te njegov učinak na cjelokupni razvoj otoka. The main subject of this study is the development of nautical tourism on the island of Vis and its impact on the upgrowth of the destination in general. Since the notion of 'nautical tourism' is complex because it includes a maritime component, this study, first of all, defines the notion and forms of maritime traffic which are created under the influence of many motives. Expansive growth of nautical tourism has been directly related to the development of maritime affairs and shipping techniques, and, in Croatia, sudden development began in the 1970s, with an uncontrolled construction of the marina and port complexes along the Adriatic coast. After defining general and historical determinants of nautical tourism, the island of Vis is described in regard to its geographical features, ongoing tourism progress and tourist attraction basis which is as a keystone of the tourist offer. Since nautical tourism is to a certain extent exclusive and brings together financially strong customers, it encourages the development of the destinationto which it gravitates through increased tourist consumption. However, it brings side effects which can be negatively reflected on the attractiveness of the destination.In the context of the island of Vis, both positive and negative impacts of the development of nautical tourism and its influence on the overall development of the island are mentioned.

The Island of Vis belongs to the Central Dalmatian Islands group. By its size (89.72 km2) it is the 9th island in the Adriatic Sea, located 45 km from the mainland. Today, it is dominated by Csa climate with a mean annual temperature of 17°C. The relief of the Island of Vis can be simply described through three main hilly ranges, between which dry valleys and poljes are situated. They are mainly of ENE-WSW orientation as defined by the spreading of main geological structures. The topographic ridges are formed in Cretaceous carbonates and separated by valleys filled with Quaternary deposits. This youngest sedimentary complex covers a great part of the island. It is developed in several continental facies: terra rossa, breccia, breccia-conglomerates and eolian sands. They are primarily remains from the past glacial periods – largely Pleistocene. Generally, the formation of dry valleys is a consequence of differential modelling during the colder and more humid phases of the Pleistocene. Whenever the rainfall is higher than potential evapotranspiration, surface drainage takes the main role in valley formation and permanent or temporary flows occur. One of such fluviokarstic form is the Milna valley. It is situated on the southern coast of the island and spread in the NE-SW direction following the Stupišće – Milna fault zone. Here we provide the 2 ka paleoenvironmental evolution of this small, today dry valley. Modal analysis of fine- grained sediment, their granulometric properties, and petrographic microscopy of pebbles were done as well as the determination of molluscs’ species. Charcoal and molluscs samples have been dated using 14C. This allows us to trace the evolution of the valley during the 2 ka. We evidenced the periods of rapid climate changes like the Dark Age Cold Period during which the closed forest habitat preferring and cold-resistant species has been found, such as Trichiahispida, Discus ruderatus shell, Macrogastraventricosa. This lead us to the conclusion that the area was covered by forest of Pinus sylvestris of which 2 species, probably Pinus cf. Sylvestris and Pinus cembra have been identified from the charcoal samples in the upper layer, Pinus cembra being again a cold climate indicator species. The fire, natural or anthropogenic, from which the charcoal derived, occurred during the 15th and 16th century that is during the period of the Little Ice Age. Consequently, the fire could be most probably of anthropogenic origin in order to obtain new areas for cultivation of crops. The destruction of vegetation caused by fire has further influence on the temporarily formation of the river bed. Indeed on the charcoal layer we found deposited pebbles and a deeply incised river bed in the middle of the valley. Obviously due to deforestation the temporal river has enough energy to incise the bed in soft sediments, supported additionally with favourable climate conditions which were relatively colder and particularly wetter than today. Wetter conditions during LIA have been already observed along the Croatian coast, manifested through the enhanced input of fresh water in the Mirna river valley in Istria. These periods of rapid climate changes have been also determined on the island of Vis by studying the relative sea level change and climate change during the last 2000 years. Afterwards the valley became dry again and has probably been continuously under anthropogenic impact, being also today a winegrowing area.

Polazeći od sadašnjeg stanja i sadašnje strategije zbrinjavanja otpada za otok Vis definirati će se nova strategija koja se oslanja na strategiju Kružne ekonomije. Analizirati će se dvije osnovne alternative zbrinjavanja komunalnog organskog otpada: (i) kompostiranje; (ii) ispuštanje mokrog organskog otpada u kanalizaciju i kompostiranje pretežito suhog organskog otpada. Primjenom višekriterijalne analize analizirati će se značajke pojedinih alternativa te predložiti optimalno rješenje za otok Vis. Polazeći od dobivenih rezultata predložit će se opće smjernice za rješavanje problema zbrinjavanja organskog otpada za manje otoke na Jadranu., Starting from the present situation and the current waste management strategy for the Island of Vis, a new strategy that relies on strategy Circular Economy, will be defined. The two basic alternatives of municipal organic waste will be taken into consideration: (i) composting; (ii) the release of wet organic waste in sewage and composting mainly dry organic waste. By applying the multicriteria analysis the characteristics of individual alternatives will be analyzed and the best solution for the island of Vis suggested. Based on the obtained results general guidelines will be proposed for solving problems of disposal of organic waste for the smaller islands in the Adriatic.

Polazeći od sadašnjeg stanja i sadašnje strategije zbrinjavanja otpada za otok Vis definirati će se nova strategija koja se oslanja na strategiju Kružne ekonomije. Analizirati će se dvije osnovne alternative zbrinjavanja komunalnog organskog otpada: (i) kompostiranje; (ii) ispuštanje mokrog organskog otpada u kanalizaciju i kompostiranje pretežito suhog organskog otpada. Primjenom višekriterijalne analize analizirati će se značajke pojedinih alternativa te predložiti optimalno rješenje za otok Vis. Polazeći od dobivenih rezultata predložit će se opće smjernice za rješavanje problema zbrinjavanja organskog otpada za manje otoke na Jadranu. Starting from the present situation and the current waste management strategy for the Island of Vis, a new strategy that relies on strategy Circular Economy, will be defined. The two basic alternatives of municipal organic waste will be taken into consideration: (i) composting; (ii) the release of wet organic waste in sewage and composting mainly dry organic waste. By applying the multicriteria analysis the characteristics of individual alternatives will be analyzed and the best solution for the island of Vis suggested. Based on the obtained results general guidelines will be proposed for solving problems of disposal of organic waste for the smaller islands in the Adriatic.

The paper examines conflicts among the ideas of heritage and tourism and argues sustainable approach to tourism planning in cultural landscape. The research introduces heritage urbanism, as a sustainable method for enhancing the role of heritage in tourism as a local development tool, stressing that active use of cultural landscape in tourism can bring about a positive response to global competitiveness and development of tourist site, regarding its positive influence on destination recognition and heritage revitalization. It investigates specific problematic context of tourism planning and tension between the preservation of the existing landscape's character and change based on the example of the Croatian Island of Vis.

U radu se raspravlja o obzidanoj lokvi Krušovici kao unikatnom spomeniku tradicijskog graditeljstva na otoku Visu. Svojim nazivom lokva koji se sačuvao u narodu svjedoči o davnoj prošlosti otoka u kojoj je danas zaboravljeno stočarstvo bilo značajna grana privređivanja, a svojim oblikom svjedoči o transformacijama otočke ekonomije polovicom devetnaestog stoljeća u kojima je u novoj funkciji bunara imala značajno mjesto u komiškoj tradicijskoj kulturi., In the medieval economy of the island of Vis, along with agriculture and fishing, livestock breeding was an important branch of earning. Over time, livestock breeding has been declining, although in the middle of the 19th century, cheese was one of the island’s major export products. At the end of the 19th and in the 20th century, livestock breeding completely vanished from the island. Two ponds registered in an Austrian cadastral survey in the first part of the 19th century testify about the livestock landscape of the island of Vis; the pond in Velo polje and Krušovica pond. Krušovica pond is particularly interesting since the transformation of the island’s economy transformed it as well, adapting it to the new function. Krušovica pond was created as a natural accumulation of rainwater on the clay ground of the Krušovica hill between Podhumlje and Dračevo field. It is laid on the pastures, far away from the village. During the time of the island’s economy transformation when livestock breeding gave way to viticulture and fishing, the pond was further deepened and reinforced with a dry-wall base, the bottom was paved with stone plates, and stairs for descending into the water were built on three sides. It was transformed into a well, the water of which was used for washing laundry by people from Podhumlje, Žena Glava, and Duboka. The fact that Krušovica pond was given a special cadastral number (parcel) and that it was noted in blue in 1834 on the cadastral map, indicates that it was reinforced before (or during) the making of the Austrian cadastre. Three paths lead to Krušovica. Every village had its own access to Krušovica and its own stairs for descending into the water, i.e. its own place next to the pond. Krušovica is a unique monument of traditional architecture on the island of Vis. Its name "pond" (lokva, in Croatian) which was preserved among people, testifies about the ancient past of the island in which now-forgotten livestock breeding was an important branch of earning, while with its shape it testifies about the transformations of the island’s economy in the middle of the 19th century in which, in its new function as a well, it had a significant place in the traditional culture of Komiža.

The island of Vis is one of the greatest genetic outliers among Eastern Adriatic islands. This study aims to portray the maternal legacy of the island of Vis, and to show its genetic differences in comparison to some other Eastern Adriatic islands. Vis is an open sea island, westernmost populated island of the Adriatic archipelago that belongs to the group of Central Dalmatian islands, and is quite remote, being divided 50 km from Mainland. In history of Eastern Adriatic islands, the most dramatic situation was probably on the island of Vis, whose population experienced two bottlenecks with a reduction in population size of about 50% each during the second half of the 20th century. We analysed 129 mtDNAs based on high resolution analysis of SNPs from the control and coding region. Results showed 9 different haplogroups and 27 different subhaplogroups. Most common haplogrup is H (30.2%), followed by U (26.4%), T (10.9%), V (6.2%), J and K (4.7% each), X and N (1.6% each) and W (0.8%). Haplotype analysis showed 45 different haplotypes, where the highest frequency of a single haplotype is 14.7% (U5b-16189-16270), and 35.6% are considered private haplotypes, which make the outlying genetic position of the island of Vis. This shows an action of the founder effect and one of the rarest subclades of haplogroup H, H15-16184, presents a founder effect in the island of Vis. East-west differentiation in mtDNA variation is also observed on the island of Vis, meaning that the total diversity is not homogeneously distributed. Villages on the island even today preserve extreme levels of isolation and high levels of linkage disequilibrium. The island of Vis is a genetic outlier which can be attributed to genetic drift, founder effect and distinctive phylogeographic affiliation.

Pimpinella tragium Vill. subsp. lithophila (Schischk.) Tutin (Apiaceae), a new taxon in Croatian flora A new member of the Croatian flora, Pimpinella tragium Vill. subsp. lithophila (Schischk.) Tutin (Apiaceae), was found on the island of Vis in the Central Adriatic. It grows on the calcareous rocky coast near the sea and is a member of a halophilous community within the Crithmo-Limonion Br.-Bl. et Molinier 1934 alliance. Morphological similarities within the Pimpinella tragium group are briefly discussed. A determination key is given for all Croatian Pimpinella taxa.

The island of Vis belongs to middle Dalmatian group of islands with caracteristics Mediterranean climate. The assumption was that the dominant diet of the inhabitants is also Mediterranean. Such diet is considered to be one of the best for the prevention of many complex and chronic diseases, as confirmed by numerous studies in different parts of the World. This study showed a shift in dietary habits in the direction of a more globalized diet. Such sudden shift may prove to be an important trigger for the development of complex diseases such as diabetes melitus type 2, cardiovascular diseases, gout, as well as certain types of cancer.

Metabolic syndrome (MS) was measured on the sample of 307 inhabitants of the island of Vis. Two criteria where used, one defined by the WHO (World Health Organization) and the other defined by the NCEP (National Cholesterol Education Program). The results according to NCEP definition showed a 47, 2 % of prevalence of MS, which is high but expected because of high independent factors analyzed in the study. These values are the highest in Croatia and among the highest measured in the World. MS definition according to NCEP proved to be more sensitive than that of the WHO, which shoved values of 21, 2 %. A link between MS (NCEP) and diabetes and cardiovascular diseases was also established.

U ovom istraživanju nastojalo se utvrditi utječe li ACE I/D polimorfizam, kao primjer genetičkog čimbenika unutar jednog od gena odgovornog za regulaciju krvnog tlaka, na krvni tlak čovjeka, s naglaskom na nastanak hipertenzije. Preostali nepromjenjivi čimbenici izučavani u ovom radu su spol i dob, a uz njih izučavani su promjenjivi, u širem smislu okolišni, čimbenici: debljina, razina masnoća u krvi i navika pušenja. Pri tome je korišten uzorak izolirane populacije otoka Visa koji se sastoji od 140 osoba u dobi od 40 do 81 godine. Ustanovljena je pozitivna korelacija sistoličkog tlaka s dobi, indeksom tjelesne mase (BMI) i koncentracijom triglicerida, te pozitivna korelacija dijastoličkog tlaka s BMI i koncentracijom triglicerida, a negativna s brojem godina pušenja i indeksom pušenja. Kod muškaraca je značajan utjecaj na povišenje krvnog tlaka imala koncentracija triglicerida, a kod žena je to bio BMI. Budući da ACE I/D polimorfizam nije u kodirajućoj regiji, pretpostavlja se da pokazuje efekt nekog drugog, funkcionalnog polimorfizma, koji je u neravnoteži vezanosti gena s izučavanim. Rezultati su pokazali da se utjecaj polimorfizma ACE gena može objasniti recesivnim modelom, tj. „rizični“ alel utječe na pojavu hipertenzije jedino u homozigotnoj formi. Povećan utjecaj ACE I/D polimorfizma na nastanak hipertenzije utvrđen je nakon uključenja rizičnih čimbenika kao što su spol, dob, BMI, koncentracija kolesterola, HDL kolesterola i triglicerida te indeks pušenja. Međupopulacijskom usporedbom između opće populacije Republike Hrvatske i populacije otoka Visa potvrđena je pogodnost ove izolirane populacije za istraživanja genetičke podloge hipertenzije kao kompleksnog poremećaja. This study aimed to determine whether ACE I/D polymorphism, as a genetic factor located within one of the genes responsible for controlling blood pressure, affects human blood pressure, with an emphasis on hypertension. The remaining factors studied in this work were gender and age as well as, in a broader sense, environmental factors: obesity, fat components in the blood and smoking habit. The sample was drawn from the population isolate of the island of Vis and consisted of 140 persons 40 to 81 years old. A positive correlation was established between systolic pressure and age, BMI and triglyceride concentration, and between the diastolic blood pressure and BMI and triglyceride concentration, as well as a negative correlation between diastolic blood pressure and the number of smoking years and smoking index. A significant influence on the increase of blood pressure in men had the concentration of triglycerides, while in women it was the BMI. Since ACE I/D polymorphism is not located in the coding region of the gene, it was supposed that it showed the effect of another polymorphism that is functional and in the linkage disequilibrium with it. The effect of ACE I/D polymorphism has been shown to obey the recessive model, i.e. the „risk“ allele influenced the development of hypertension only in its homozygous form. The influence of ACE I/D polymorphism on the development of hypertension was found also after taking into account the other risk factors such as gender, age, BMI and the concentrations of cholesterol, HDL and triglycerides as well as smoking index. Comparison between the general population of Croatia and the population of island Vis confirmed the suitability of this isolated population for genetic research of hypertension as a complex disorder.

The aim of this study was to determine population genetic structure of the mitochondrial haplogroups in an isolated island population as well as the overall level of genetic diversity. MtDNA variation was explored in a sample of 130 individuals from the Island of Vis (eastern Adriatic) by sequencing HVS-I region between nps 16024 and 16383 and screening of selected RFLP sites diagnostic for main Eurasian mtDNA haplogroups. Similar to other European populations, the most frequent mtDNA haplogroups were H (30.0%) and U (26.15%). However, as in other previously investigated Croatian islands, the Island of Vis shows departures of certain (sub) haplogroups from the expected frequencies implying to genetic drift: the increased frequency of haplogroup HV (9.23%), subhaplogroup U5 (22.3%) and preV (3.85%) ; absence of haplogroup I and decreased frequency of haplogroup J (4.62%). Furthermore, the frequencies of haplogroups V and T are increased comparing to general Croatian sample. The phylogenetic analysis of haplogroups showed relatively high number of haplotypes in some haplogroups (H and U) that confirm their heterogeneity and their early age ancestry. On the other side, homogenity of haplotypes in some haplogroups (HV) confirms the effect of genetic drift in a small and isolated population. As in other Croatian islands the genetic drift caused by founder effect has been the main evolutionary force included in shaping the observed genetic diversity of mtDNA on the Island of Vis.

In this doctoral dissertation several analyses were conducted in order to identify genes for hypertension on chromosome 7 in isolated population of the island of Vis. The dissertation could be divided in three parts: in the first one, linkage analysis for hypertension as well as systolic and diastolic blood pressure with the markers on chromosome 7 was performed ; in the second, the association study of the polymorphisms within two candidate genes for hypertension (endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene, eNOS and leptin gene, LEP) and hypertension was performed ; in the third, in orer to assess the usefulness of Vis population for future association studies, the LD pattern and distribution along the chromosome 7 was compared between Vis population and HapMap (http://www.hapmap.org) population with European ancestry. The most important result is statistically very significant (p

During the 20th century, population development in this area is caracterized by general ragression (from 9914 inhabitants in 1900 to 3576 inhabitants in 2001). In other words, in period of the end of 20th century in this area lived one-third of population in comparison to the period of the began of same century. These changes are initiated by strong emigration and continued by negative natural increase of population. These circumstances caused extremely ageing of island population, as well as degradation of demographic (particularly biological) structure. The main consequence of these regressive processes is distability for demographic self-revival and need for immigration revival in this island area.

The island of Vis belongs to the group of south Dalmatian islands and lies in eumediterranean zone. The area of island is 90.3 km2 and the highest part is 587 m above the srea level. Island contains 460 plant species from 76 families. Floristic exploration of Botanic section was aimed on four sandy beaches: Milna, Stončica, Vela Smokova and Zaglav in period between 1st and 11th of October 2005. 76 taxa from 36 families has been recorded. The most abundant families are Asteraceae (10.5%) and Chenopodiaceae (6.6%). Two critically endangered species were confirmed: Calystegia soldanella (L.) R.Br. and Pancratium maritimum L. Four new species were found: Elymus farctus (Viv.) Runemark ex Melderis is critically endangered, Glaucium flavum Cr. and Hibiscus trionum L. are endangeredn and Salsola soda L. is vulnerable. Due to the fact that the sandy beaches are quite rare on Croatian side of Adriatic coast, they should be carefully protected by law.

The aim of this study is to analyze STR variation using the data on nine STR loci (D3S1358, vWA, FGA, THO1, TPOX, CSF1PO, D5S818, D13S317, D7S820) in 98 autochthonous individuals from three geographically distinct areas of the island of Vis, i.e. northern (the town of Vis), western (the town of Komiža) and southern (Vis villages). Same modal alleles and similar number of alleles per locus are observed in the island of Vis in comparison to other studied Croatian populations, however two rare alleles are found in considerably higher frequencies: D3S1358 *19 (5.10%) and D5S818*7 (3.06%). The agreement with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is confirmed for all loci. High heterozygosity values (> 75.46%) are detected in all studied island subpopulations. Locus TPOX shows the lowest level of heterozygosity (67.06%) and FGA the highest (85.89%). The average coefficient of gene differentiation is relatively low (1.54%) and reflects rather low levels of population substructuring. The largest genetic distances (standard, DA and DSW) is noted between Vis and Vis villages, whereas smallest between Komiža and Vis villages. As expected, the analyses of genetic kinship shows opposite findings. The result of greatest genetic similarity between Komiža and Vis villages is logical in view of the known historical data on the founding of Komiža by immigrants from Vis villages.

U ovom radu autor nastoji osvijetliti razvitak gospodarstva otoka Visa u prošlosti. Naime, dosad su znane mnoge pojedinosti o viškom ribarstvu zahvaljujući novijim istraživanjima. No, druge grane gospodarstva ostale su prilično nepoznate. To se u prvom redu odnosi na poljodjelstvo i pomorstvo. Da bi ukupni razvitak gospodarstva otoka bio prikazan u boljem svjetlu, autor je obavio konzultiranje dosege dosadašnje literature o predmetu, ali isto tako uvid u sačuvane izvore. Rezultati njegovih istraživanja bit će podastrti ovdje, prema zahtjevima suvremene ekonomske povijesti: prvobitna proizvodnja, prerada, pomorstvo, trgovina, te demografski razvoj i drugo u vezi s tim. Stoga je ovaj prikaz moguće nazvati nekakvom povijesti gospodarstva otoka.

Thermal and trophic niche relationship between podarcis melisellensis and Lacerta oxycephala were studied from island of Vis in June and September 1997. We recorded 289 cloacal temperatures and related substrate and aur temperatures considering sex and age categories. It seems that p. melisellensis posses a certain independence from microhabitat temperatures as in many reptiles adaptet to life in desert regions. Females and subadults of L. oxycephala showed similar patterns. A study of diet showed that the most important prey groups for both species were Formicoidea. Food niche overlap between species was very high.

This paper analyses meteorological conditions on the island of Vis, for the bee-keeping purpose, by means of the data supplied by the Komiža station over the 1981-1990 period. Special attention will be paid to meteorological characteristics in the period from March to June, an important period with regard to bee keeping. During the year the most frequent wind is bora from the N-NE direction and in spring sirocco from the SE direction. Situation changes in June, due to a decrease in frequency of the sirocco occurrence and an increase in that of the NW wind. In 81% of cases in spring the strength of wind ranges from light breeze to weak wind (1-3B), and share of calm is 3.1%. In 12.2% of cases the wind is moderately strong (4-5B) and in 3.7% stronger than 6B. Only rarely in March the negative air temperature may occur. Warm days and nights sometimes occur already in May, and hot days in June. Therefore, the extreme temperatures range from -3.2°C in March to 33.2°C in June. The air at Komiža is relatively rich with moisture in spring. The days with large amount of precipitation are rare as meteorological phenomena, thunder and fog.

The paper presents the results of resque excavations carried on the Hellenistic necropolis at the site of Martvilo of the Greek coloniy of Issa on the island of Vis. TGeneral introduction on Issa, typology of graves, ramains of architecture, grave offerings and tombstons are presented and described