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BACKGROUND The extent of facial involvement in positional plagiocephaly is only little investigated so far. Investigation methods that take into account the challenging anatomical conditions and growth of infants' faces are desirable. In this study, the authors established a new three-dimensional photogrammetry quantification method evaluating pretherapeutic and posttherapeutic facial asymmetry in positional plagiocephaly. Furthermore, a facial asymmetry index was established and evaluated. METHODS Three-dimensional photographs of 100 children undergoing treatment with head orthoses were analyzed by constructing a standardized interindividual coordinate system. Defining landmarks, section planes, and point coordinates with a computer-aided design software, both sides of the faces were compared. Facial asymmetry was quantified by measuring differences between left and right sides and pretherapeutic and posttherapeutic changes in each patient. The facial asymmetry index was calculated by putting the absolute differences in relation with the coordinates of the nonaffected side. RESULTS Present results indicate that positional plagiocephaly results in a distinct facial asymmetry (range, -3.8 to 9.6 mm) in nearly all spatial directions and facial regions. Helmet therapy led to a significant reduction (p < 0.05) of intraindividual facial asymmetry (median change in facial asymmetry index, -1.9 to 3.1 percent). However, no correlation of the Cranial Vault Asymmetry Index and facial asymmetry (Spearman rank correlation coefficient, ρ = -0.09 to 0.47) has been seen. According to these results, severe occipital deformation does not necessarily provoke distinct facial asymmetry. CONCLUSIONS Present three-dimensional photogrammetry method allows the longitudinal quantification of facial involvement in positional plagiocephaly. Asymmetry has been determined in all facial regions. The facial asymmetry decreased through helmet therapy but was not eliminated completely.

From 2021, cosmetic products are subject to technical regulation of the Ministry of Health, which is responsible for ensuring the implementation of Technical Regulations, approval of guidelines for their application, national standards in accordance with the requirements of Technical Regulations. It was adopted in early 2021. For the first time in Ukraine, the technical regulations for cosmetic products apply to cosmetic products the principles of technical regulation, powers to comply with which are vested in the relevant Ministry of Health. The aim of this workis to develop a methodology for implementing the Technical Regulations for cosmetic products as an object of authority of the Ministry of Health. As researchmaterialsthe processes of technical regulation of cosmetic products are studied, logical, investigation methods of research, and also a method of the content analysis are used. Results.An analysis of the practice of regulating the circulation of cosmetic products in a number of foreign countries, identified and systematized potential risks in the implementation of the principles of its technical regulation. Based on the analysis of causal relationships in the process of implementing the requirements of the Technical Regulations for cosmetic products, the methodology of its practical application is proposed. Conclusions.The tendencies of regulatory policy in relation to cosmetic products in a number of foreign states and Ukraine are established. The analysis of the main provisions of the Technical Regulations for cosmetic products is carried out and the methodology of its introduction is developed

A partir da década de 1990, um volume substancial de literatura foi publicado sobre comunidades de prática (CP) e muitos pesquisadores investigaram sua existência e a eficácia em uma variedade de contextos. Nesse cenário, este estudo tem como objetivo investigar se a construção do conhecimento de um grupo de pesquisa de doutorado ocorre na forma de uma CP. Utilizando a abordagem conceitual proposta por Wenger (1998) como base analítica, o presente estudo combinou vários métodos de investigação, como observação participante, análise do conteúdo das mídias sociais, entrevista e questionário. Os dados coletados foram registrados em diários de campo que foram posteriormente analisados ??(Bardin, 2011). Os resultados indicam que os membros constroem seus conhecimentos de forma colaborativa e cooperativa. As dimensões propostas por Wenger (1998) para identificar e distinguir CPs estavam presentes no grupo pesquisado. A conclusão é que o grupo de pesquisa investigado pode ser classificado como uma CP.

This paper presents the development of a test procedure to investigate timing chain components under abrasive stress on a tribometer. Engine developers use cost and time expensive engine dynamometer tests to investigate timing chain life expectancy under different conditions. Tribometer tests are fast and cost effective, but these use standardized specimen material and geometry that greatly differ from the original tribological system of the timing chain. Manufacturing specimens from the original chain material using the original technology is complicated; surface quality and hardness properties cannot be guaranteed. The aim of research was to develop a test method for rapid and cost-effective comparison of engine lubricants, timing chain materials or coatings, as well as to assess the wear resistance of the chain to contaminants. Various uncontaminated and carbon black blended lubricants were compared using standard-based ball-on-disc tribometer tests to tribometer tests using actual timing chain components (bush-on-pin test) of a Diesel engine. Lubricants were ranked in terms of coefficient of friction and wear. Results showed that bush-on-pin tests were comparably suitable for testing lubricants when evaluated against standard ball-on-disc tribometer tests.

As a result of the analysis of modern Russian and foreign literature, it was found that in the structure of postoperative complications after liver resections, biliary complications are the leading ones today. The main risk factors for the development of biliary complications and predictors of prognosis were determined at the different stages (preoperative, during the operation and postoperative period). The necessity to apply a complex of instrumental investigation methods in the postoperative period for early detection of bile leakage, clarification of its causes and forms of manifestation is determined; their importance for choosing a method of elimination is emphasized. The ways of improving the results of liver resections due to the prevention and effective elimination of bile leakage are outlined.Possibilities of prognosis of biliar complications after liver resections were analyzed. The available assessment systems can be considered uninformative, which demands development and implementation of more modern and more effective programs for predicting biliary complications after liver resections.

Systematic reviews are research synthesis methods increasingly used in educational research to support evidence-based decision making. The conduction of a systematic review is a complex process with several phases usually supported by software tools. These tools used at the international level are not currently common in the Italian educational research. This work describes four software tools used in the international educational research and evaluates their general functionality and specific features’ usability to conduct the systematic review phases of study screening and selection. For this purpose, this study uses two methods: a feature analysis (Kitchenham et al., 1997) and an expert survey (Harrison et al., 2020). The results of both investigation methods agree to consider Covidence and Rayyan the most functional software tools in conducting SR. Among the four tools, ASReview has the greatest potential for making the process of a SR more efficient. Una valutazione dei software per condurre revisioni sistematiche: analisi delle caratteristiche e sondaggio a esperti Le revisioni sistematiche sono metodi di sintesi di ricerca sempre più utilizzati in campo educativo al fine di supportare il processo decisionale basato su evidenze. La conduzione di una revisione sistematica, poiché complessa e su più fasi, è sovente supportata in ambito internazionale da software specifici attualmente poco diffusi nella ricerca educativa italiana. Il contributo presenta quattro software utilizzati nella ricerca educativa internazionale e valuta le funzionalità generali e l’usabilità di caratteristiche specifiche per condurre le fasi di screening e di selezione degli studi. A questo scopo lo studio impiega i metodi dell’analisi delle caratteristiche (Kitchenham et al., 1997) e del sondaggio ad esperti in revisioni sistematiche (Harrison et al., 2020) in campo educativo. I risultati di entrambi i metodi di indagine concordano nel ritenere Covidence e Rayyan gli strumenti più funzionali per condurre revisioni sistematiche, mentre ASReview risulta il software con maggiore potenzialità per rendere il processo più efficiente.

espanolLa investigacion educativa tiene como proposito conocer detallada y minuciosamente un problema de conocimiento, asi como exponer y publicar los descubrimientos que arroja la indagacion. El cuidado que ponen los investigadores en su trabajo hace posible que el lector cuente con informacion confiable y comprenda como son los actores, las instituciones y las practicas que se desarrollan en los espacios educativos. La docencia y la investigacion aparecen en todas las definiciones que se dan sobre las funciones basicas de la institucion universitaria. La investigacion para la creacion del conocimiento y la docencia para su diseminacion. Estas dos funciones tienen su razon de ser en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes. Del mismo modo se senala que la mision de la universidad es la busqueda, desarrollo y difusion del conocimiento en todos los campos del saber, convirtiendose de este modo en referencia del conocimiento y del desarrollo tecnologico. El presente articulo describe y compara diferentes literaturas sobre Investigacion educativa en la educacion superior y sus beneficios. Para ello, se recolecta esta informacion de diferentes fuentes bibliograficas adquiridas de bases de datos (SCOPUS, PubMed, Biblioteca Cochrane, Google Scholar) valorando la calidad y veracidad de la informacion recopilada, asi como la actualidad del contenido. Sin duda alguna que la investigacion cientifica en cualquier area es beneficiosa no solo para el investigador, institucion u universidad. Tambien lo es para el pais, las investigaciones se realizan por que existen problemas de diferentes indoles, a los cuales hay que buscarles respuestas y soluciones. Sin embargo paras poder investigar hay que tener pautas que hay que cumplir para que dicha investigaciones sea exitosas y son los metodos de investigacion. Pero no hay investigador si no hay un docente que ensene a investigar, es por ello que tambien es de suma importancia formar a buenos docentes, ya que esto es una cadena. De todas maneras el proceso investigativo esta en innovar, que tal vez sea uno de los elementos mas complejos al iniciar una investigacion, es decir, “el que investigar” y que esta investigacion genere los resultados esperados y que puedan ser medibles, comparables y auditables. EnglishThe purpose of educational research is to know in detail and in detail a knowledge problem, as well as to expose and publish the discoveries that the inquiry throws up. The care that researchers put in their work makes it possible for the reader to have reliable information and understand what the actors, institutions and practices that develop in educational spaces are like. Teaching and research appear in all the definitions given about the basic functions of the university institution. Research for the creation of knowledge and teaching for its dissemination. These two functions have their reason for being in student learning. In the same way, it is pointed out that the mission of the university is the search, development and dissemination of knowledge in all fields of knowledge, thus becoming a reference for knowledge and technological development. This article describes and compares different literatures on Educational Research in Higher Education and its benefits. To do this, this information is collected from different bibliographic sources acquired from databases (SCOPUS, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar), assessing the quality and veracity of the information collected, as well as the timeliness of the content. Without a doubt, scientific research in any area is beneficial not only for the researcher, institution or university. It is also the case for the country, investigations are carried out because there are problems of different kinds, to which answers and solutions must be sought. However, to be able to investigate, you must have guidelines that must be met for such investigations to be successful and these are the investigation methods. But there is no researcher if there is no teacher who teaches research, that is why it is also very important to train good teachers, since this is a chain. In any case, the investigative process is about innovating, which may be one of the most complex elements when starting an investigation, that is, "the one to investigate" and that this investigation generates the expected results that can be measurable, comparable and auditable.

Nowdays, there is in the Brazilian legal system a mismatch between the defense rights and the lack of commitment with the truth. The nonexistence of the perjury offense has been identified as a kind of tolerance for lies in the criminal proceedings. Such approach does not reconcile with what is expected in a legal order based on ethical and moral values. Even though this normative gap has been identified in the national legal system, it is possible to apply the principle of deficient protection to the case, in order to achieve the scope of defense of community as a whole, that is, the exercise of defense for the defendant can not lead to deficient protection of society. Therefore, when an abuse of the rights of defense is identified, by means of perjury, it is the duty of the state to act positively in order to adopt the necessary measures in the specific case, in all instances of power, by strengthening the investigation methods, or innovating the legislation, as well as by interpreting the evidence produced in the criminal proceedings.

The seizure of aircraft has become one of the threats of modern times. The growing number of such crimes in the world has made it necessary to regulate them by the norms and principles of international law. In the middle of the last century, civilian aircraft attacks were seen as non-political motives, mainly for personal gain or to escape from the hands of law enforcement agencies, but especially in the 21st century. From the beginning of 2001 alone to September 11, 2001, there were about 40 such incidents worldwide. However, with the events of September 11, the hijacking of a civilian aircraft and its use as a destructive weapon was a first in history. The main purpose of such cases is to influence certain political decisions by creating fear in society. It was after these events that the political and legal cooperation of the states in the name of combating international terrorism accelerated. Key words: aircraft, aviation, hijacking, the Middle East, international convention, terrorist act, international terrorism

Recently, interest in paleoparasitology and archaeoparasitology has significantly increased all over the world, which served as the basis for the development of an international protocol for special parasitological studies, which needs to be tested and adapted for each specific case. In this work, we conducted a paleoparasitological study of 29 samples obtained during the excavations of the city of Mangazeya (north of Western Siberia) using the modified method of Beltrame M.O. et al. In the course of the analysis, 1977 slides with sediment were examined and more than 87 thousand helminth eggs were found. It was established that the prevalence of the infection was 89.66%, the average intensity of the infection was 3349.38, and the abundance index was 103.55. The presence of 9 species of parasites was determined, with eggs of some of them found in a very few number, including 4 species that were not found earlier on this site. Statistical processing demonstrated the relationship between the number of slides examined and the number of helminth eggs found, while the Spearman correlation coefficient was 0.658 with a significance value of

Esta investigación fundamenta el tratamiento a la formación de valores patrióticos en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje de la asignatura Trabajo de Educación Patriótica que se imparte en la carrera de Educación en Marxismo Leninismo e Historia, así como la necesidad de enfrentar la búsqueda de solución al problema de su fortalecimiento en los futuros profesores de dicha especialidad. Teniendo como objetivo elaborar un sistema de actividades docentes y extradocentes, que permita integrar los componentes académicos, investigativos y extensionistas en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje del Trabajo de Educación Patriótica, facilitando contribuir con el desarrollo de valores morales y patrióticos en los estudiantes de la carrera. Aplicándose en esta investigación métodos del nivel teórico como el analítico-sintético y el sistémico-estructural, y del nivel empírico la observación, revisión bibliográfica y la documental; así como el método estadístico; asimismo, se utilizó la técnica de encuesta como prueba pedagógica. El principal resultado del estudio radica en el sistema de actividades, el que después de ser implementado en la práctica evidenció resultados favorables.

Der Artikel handelt von der psycholinguistischen Methode der Untersuchung des kognitiven Prozesses der Text rezeption und des Ubersetzungsprozesses – dem freien assoziativen Experiment. Das psycholinguistische Expe riment kann als eine komplexe Untersuchungsmethode angesehen werden. Die Anwendung des psycholinguisti schen Experiments ist in das translatorische Experiment im Aspekt der Polyvarietat der Ubersetzung eingebettet: Es werden zwei deutsche Ubersetzungen des Romans „Der Meister und Margarita“ von Michail Bulgakow und des Romans „Doktor Shiwago“ von Boris Pasternak im Rahmen des psycholinguistischen Experiments analy siert. Die Quelle fur die Polyvarietat der Ubersetzung ist der subjektive Charakter der Bedeutungsinterpretation, die auf den probabilistischen Prozessen, denen assoziative Bedeutungen zu Grunde liegen, basiert. Emotionen spielen hierbei auch eine wichtige Rolle. Die gewonnenen empirischen Daten konnen zu didaktischen Zwecken bei der Ausbildung von angehenden Translatoren eingesetzt werden.

We present a fire investigation method for carpets by analyzing the carbide pattern and oil vapor. The combustion of carpets is dominated by laminar and turbulent flow, and the combustion pattern on the floor surface is shaped like a halo pattern. The combustion pattern on flooring material sprayed with an flammable liquid takes a donut-shaped and a circular pattern in which the core is burned. Surface analysis by substance microscopy showed that the boundary surface was melting and recombining, regardless of whether or not the carpet was treated with flame retardant. In the analysis of the capture of oil vapor using a gas detector tube after combustion was completed, the general carpet was discolored to dark green with one to two divisions, and combustion of ordinary carpets and gasoline exhibited two to three divisions. It was found that one to two divisions of flameproof carpets were discolored to dark green, and combustion of flameproof carpets and gasoline produces five to six divisions. The differences in combustion products could not be clearly distinguished using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC & MS), but the strengths of their response patterns were found to be different.

Corneal dystrophies represent a group of progressive, genetically transmitted disorders with variable pathological, histological, and clinical manifestations. Recent ophthalmological examination techniques and genetic investigation methods have brought benefits in the deepening of these conditions. However, many aspects remain unknown, so the results of treatments are unsatisfactory. The aim of this article was to recall the clinical, genetic, histological and treatment types of these conditions.

In recent times, a large number of mansions of historical and cultural significance have been built in Chengdu, but some of them have suffered serious damage over time, and some have even been demolished. Taking Liu Xiang mansion as an example, this paper studies the spatial form and construction art of its architecture from multiple perspectives through literature and historical data analysis and field investigation methods, so as to analyze its historical and cultural values and provide a theoretical basis for the conservation and renewal of mansions in Chengdu.

The “rural revitalization strategy” put forward in the report of the 19th national congress has pointed out the direction for the steady development of the rural economy. At present, the academic circle has done a lot of research on the five dimensions of the concrete implementation of the policy, but it has neglected the female consumption view under the influence of the policy. The female consumption view, which accounts for half of the rural population, has a great influence on the family and indirectly affects the implementation of the policy. Based on the strategy of the rejuvenating countryside as the background, from the gender Angle of view of Xinrong district women’s consumption situation investigation, using a structured questionnaire and on-the-spot investigation method, point out that rural women such as blind consumption, impulsive consumption alienation, in view of the problem put forward concrete opinions: to advocate green consumption mode, reshape the female subject values, the mass media guide, intended to help Xinrong district rural revitalization strategy, provide decision-making reference for the relevant department.

The paper describes the specific characteristics of planning morphological experiments, setting the task of studying the reproductive indices of females, presents a number of classical and original methods of investigating the morphofunctio-nal status of the ovaries of mammals and an original classification of ovarian follicles of large animals., В статье описаны особенности планирования морфологических экспериментов, ставящих задачу изучения репродуктивных показателей самок, представлен ряд классических и оригинальных методов исследования морфофу-нкционального состояния яичников млекопитающих, приведена оригинальная классификации фолликулов яичников крупных млекопитающих.

The article presents the results of the study performance of cone crushers and the existing technology restoration of their parts. The main reasons for the failure of cone crushers are the following: failure armor of the cone and the middle part, the protective cap, parts of the upper suspension, dust seal rings, bearing rings, the eccentric of the crusher. The most time-consuming is to restore the details of the eccentric crusher. A new technology restoration worn surfaces of the eccentric part and the results of an experimental study of thermal friction treatment (TFТ) after surfacing are proposed. It is revealed that despite the high level of temperature corresponding to intensive treatment modes it is possible to achieve effective hardening. Implementation of the proposed technology allows: eliminate the undesirable effects of softening due to re-riveting and reduce the oxidized layer; increase productivity relative to mechanical cutting methods in 23 times and tool life of more than 10 times; the use of affordable cheap material steel 45, 50, 60G for the manufacture of tools and perform processing at more intensive modes S =0,2-1mm / Rev; n=2000-3000 rpm. It is established that the TFO of the deposited surface part eccentric, provides wear resistance of the treated surfaces parts in 2….8 times more than the factory processing technology, while the depth of the hardened layer can be 1.5…. 2 mm.

This paper gives insights on the failure analysis of the non-drive shaft of a conveyor in a coke plant of an integrated steel plant. The failure of the shaft was investigated in order to determine the root cause and contributing factors. Investigation methods included visual examination, optical and scanning electron microscope analyses, chemical analysis of the material, mechanical tests and life calculations based on design. The overall appearance of the fracture surface of the 45C8 grade shaft indicated rotating bending fatigue failure from a step location. Microstructural analysis revealed a crack from the sharp step and no metallurgical abnormalities. Apart from the metallurgical analysis, the design of shaft was also verified by calculating step profile, fillet radius and calculated stress in actual condition. It revealed that a shaft with a minimum diameter of 70 mm, made of 45C8 steel, can withstand the actual stress acting on it. In this design, the shaft diameter was found to be 65 mm which is insufficient to bear the actual stress. Shaft failures can be reduced by preventive mechanical maintenance and using safe design. To enhance the shaft life without an increase in shaft diameter, we recommend that the material be changed to 42CrMo4 grade steel, which, when appropriately heat treated, has higher stress limit, along with a modification in the step profile with a proper fillet radius.

The use of non-invasive investigation methods is becoming frequent as a support for the monitoring of water reservoirs and for the management of dam safety. In this context, geophysical techniques are much less invasive than geotechnical tests and allow to obtain two-dimensional or three-dimensional representations of the mechanical parameters of an engineering structure. A case of application of constrained inversion and joint interpretations of non-invasive seismic techniques is discussed, in order to monitor the Dirillo gravity concrete dam, in Sicily. To investigate the foundation soil, a stratigraphic borehole and a vertical seismic profile, carried out in the same hole, were used to constrain the inversion of a MASW. This latter allowed to generate the starting model for a seismic refraction tomography. The results of the seismic surveys on the ground surrounding the dam allowed a detailed seismic characterisation the foundation soil. Furthermore, for the characterisation of the concrete of the dam, a vertical seismic profile was acquired, using a vertical inspection duct in the dam body, and three seismic refraction tomographies were performed placing sources and receivers on the two opposite walls of the dam. Also in this case the tomographic inversions were constrained by the P wave velocity values obtained from the vertical seismic profile. 2D representations of P wave velocity and the trend with depth of S wave velocity and Poisson ratio allowed an accurate reconstruction of the state of the concrete conservation of the dam. The high velocity values of the P and S waves, together with normal values of the Poisson ratio, suggest that the concrete is still of good quality and local decreases in the P wave velocity are due to moisture and infiltrations. The results obtained confirm the efficacy of seismic refraction tomography, if appropriately constrained, for the characterisation and validation of concrete in large-scale infrastructures that are difficultly investigable using direct methods.

This research proposes a novel method to investigate the performance of the S21 detection circuit. Aiming at low frequencies or DC, the method serves as an efficient way of verification and enjoys the benefit of low testing costs. The novel investigation method is demonstrated at 50 MHz and verified by the scattering parameters at 11.05 GHz. Based on the investigation, a model of process variations is constructed. The length of the interface paths is estimated by the model to be 63µm, which is consistent with the corresponding length of 74.6µm in the layout. For the measured phase and magnitude, the model indicates that the process variations in the device under test cause errors of 18.91% and 1.27%, whereas those in the interface paths lead to errors of 1.83% and 1%. Based on the model, practical recommendations are also proposed to further improve the measurement precision in the future.

Background Botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) has been used for cosmetic indications for many decades. Consumption of BoNT/A usage has been markedly increased for a few years. Even new formulations of BoNT/A to decrease immunogenicity have been released, repeated treatment to maintain efficacy outcome is inevitable and could finally provoke immune response. In the past, prevalence of botulinum treatment failure (BTF) in cosmetic indication was rare leading to less medical concern. Current decade, case reports on BTF, especially antibody-induced botulinum toxin treatment failure (ABTF) have been increasingly revealed as well as risk factors associated with ABTF have been intensively studied. Aim In this article, we will review antibody-induced botulinum toxin treatment failure (ABTF), risk-associated ABTF, prevalence and recent case reports of ABTF, and new approach to deal with ABTF. Methods Literature search was conducted using PubMed. The relevant literatures published between January 2000 and May 2020 concerning BTF and ABTF including investigation for ABTF were included and analyzed. Results Possible causes of BTF were summarized. ABTF could be a tip of iceberg of BTF, its prevalence and currently 10-year case reports of ABTF were published evidence. Risk factors and investigation methods for ABTF were also summarized. Based on previous studies and our experience, novel approach to management of ABTF was described. Conclusion Effective management of BTF is to explore causes of treatment failure. Antibodies against BoNT/A complex could be one of many possibilities. Laboratory in vitro tests could be alternative tools to decrease adverse effect and rebooting immune responses in BTF patients.

O artigo trata da avaliação do Lume como um método de investigação que permita considerar as relações de gênero nos agroecossistemas. Para avaliar o método foi realizado um estudo de caso em um agroecossistema em Abaetetuba, no Pará. Verificou-se que a riqueza produzida pela mulher foi maior que a riqueza produzida por todos os homens da família e que a jornada de trabalho da mulher é maior que a soma do tempo total de trabalho realizado pelos homens. O trabalho da mulher está distribuído em diferentes esferas da vida social pois ela envolve-se com a pluriatividade, o trabalho doméstico e de cuidados e a participação social. O método é capaz de tornar visível a relevância econômica do trabalho da mulher e seu envolvimento em várias esferas da vida social no contexto dos agroecossistemas amazônicos.

The deterioration of the criminal situation in Ukraine makes it necessary to intensify the work of law enforcement agencies to combat crime. In particular, there is a need to improve the investigation methods of certain types of crimes. This category of crimes includes crimes committed by members of youth informal groups.The object of the study was public relations in the field of investigation of crimes committed by members of youth informal groups. As a result of the study, the features of proposing a version of the involvement of members of a youth informal group in criminal activity are considered. Initial investigative (search) actions are determined, which serve as the basis for verifying the indicated version. When working on the article, special literature was analyzed devoted to the study of various aspects of the activities of youth informal groups, criminal associations, the fight against crime, the investigation of group crimes, etc.In addition, such scientific methods as observation, analysis, synthesis, and generalization were used. The authors used a combination of methods of scientific knowledge, which together allowed them to achieve the stated results of the study. Among other, the methods of analysis, synthesis, extrapolation, generalization method were used.The empirical basis of the study was the materials of the investigation of crimes committed by members of youth informal groups and associations.

Purpose of the study: This study will present an overview of the history of Library and Information Science (LIS) education and the general situation of its Master level education in Mainland China and India. Further, a comparison of Master of LIS (MLIS) education between Heilongjiang University and North-Eastern Hill University will be analyzed mainly through six aspects along with coming up with several suggestions to improve the future education quality of MLIS program in Mainland China. Methodology: The case study method, literature research method, field investigation method, in-depth interview method, and comparative research method will be adopted to conduct this study. Main Findings: Through the comparative analysis of two universities’ MLIS education in six aspects, it can be found that there are some problems existing in four aspects of MLIS education in Heilongjiang University. Applications of this study: This study can be helpful in the field of LIS education and also can be a reference for concerned academic institutions to refine their LIS education system. Novelty/Originality of this study: Currently there is no literature about comparative studies of LIS education between Mainland China and India. Therefore, to bridge the missing gap, a necessity is felt to take up research on such kind of topics.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a methodological approach to increase the clearance rate of cold cases in The Netherlands and to contribute to the development of intelligence-driven criminal investigations in general police practice and within cold case investigations in particular. Design/methodology/approach This proposal is based on practical investigative experience and academic knowledge. Findings Reconstructing scenarios helps convert cold case information into intelligence, which is beneficial to law enforcement agencies in terms of time, resources and prioritising cold cases. Intelligence contributes to the formulation of more effective queries and to a more efficient adaptation of new and existing investigation methods, leading to a higher cold case clearance rate. Moreover, scenario reconstruction creates a link between intelligence and investigation, i.e. between science and practice, which adds to the further development of intelligence-driven investigations. Practical implications When carrying out scenario reconstructions, practical implications are expected, as intelligence products are currently not or barely used in practice and science is not yet embedded in the investigational practice. Originality/value To move from scenario reconstruction to intelligence-driven criminal investigation, the gap between science and the investigational practice needs to be bridged by persons familiar with both. This study hopes to provide the necessary and relevant impetus to this dialogue.

This study explores the nexus between tourism and migration on an intra-European scale over the period 2000–2015. Complex-network analysis and gravity models were the investigation methods preferred. For each year under study, we built two country-to-country networks to map and reveal the connections between states as shaped by migration stocks and tourism flows, respectively. Then, the main determinants of the correlation patterns between the two networks were investigated by several econometric analysis. Results point to a quite similar topological structure for the tourism and migration networks as well as to a significant and reciprocal direct influence between tourism and migration movements inside the European Union. No relevant indirect causal relationship is present in the tourism–migration nexus instead.

Benchmarking is of significant importance in geological and geotechnical engineering, for testing and verifying innovative soil investigation methods and foundation solutions. This Special Issue aims to present detailed characterization of a wide range of natural soils used for benchmarking in geological and geotechnical engineering that was presented at the ISGTS symposium in Oslo in June 2019. It also seeks to promote an increase in use of the benchmark sites as a research tool, as training and teaching facilities and as ground for development of new soil models, testing of new investigation methods and to further advance the state-of-the-art in the fields of geological and geotechnical engineering. © 2020 the Author(s), licensee AIMS Press. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)