Search

Qu'est-ce qu'une psychothérapie aujourd'hui ? Pourquoi en évaluer les mécanismes thérapeutiques ? Comment enseigner ces pratiques ? Telles sont les trois questions essentielles et complémentaires auxquelles la revue L'Évolution Psychiatrique nous invite à répondre. L'élucidation des mécanismes thérapeutiques, « Pourquoi et Comment une psychothérapie produit-elle des effets ? », est déjà un axe de questionnement des pratiques et des théories au début du vingtième siècle. Pierre Janet et Sigmund Freud cherchent l'un et l'autre une réponse scientifique à cette question. Janet l'aborde à partir d'une étude historique des méthodes de psychothérapies et de leurs résultats. Elles sont justifiées par des mécanismes très divers. À partir de 250 cas qu'il a lui-même traités par la suggestion hypnotique, il considère qu'il ne s'agit pas de créer des ressources nouvelles mais d'utiliser celles que la pensée possède déjà. Freud, à la même période, situe la psychothérapie comme un processus qui permet de rendre l'inconscient conscient. Il précise que, s'il a abandonné l'hypnose, cela a été pour découvrir à nouveau la suggestion sous la forme du transfert. Il doute de l'accueil qui serait fait à l'évaluation et prédit l'importance prochaine de la biologie. L'élucidation des processus de changement et de leurs mécanismes devient la question centrale de la recherche sur les psychothérapies au début des années 2000. La psychopathologie développementale et les méthodologies applicables à des psychothérapies menées dans des conditions naturelles y sont incluses. Les méthodologies médicales et psychologiques de la recherche évaluative sont rapidement distinguées. Deux évolutions majeures sont à souligner au cours de cette période. La première est l'élargissement du champ d'application de la psychothérapie à des troubles de l'enfance, à des troubles graves de la personnalité ainsi qu'à des troubles psychotiques et psychosomatiques. Les uns et les autres se révèlent être des troubles multifactoriels complexes. La seconde est le développement de la recherche en biologie puis sur le cerveau en relation avec le contexte de la réalité incluant les phases précoces du développement, le stress et les traumatismes. Quelles sont les conséquences de cette évolution sur les théories actuelles et les pratiques ? Pour répondre à ces questions, nous avons abordé cette évolution en associant à l'historique des méthodes de la psychothérapie (P. Janet) quatre acteurs majeurs du champ neuroscientifique qui ont publié sur : l'évolution et le développement et la conscience (G.M. Edelman), la biologie moderne et la psychanalyse (E. Kandel), la psychothérapie clinique et neurobiologique des troubles complexes (A.R. Schore) et la socialisation des contingences sensorimotrices (A. Lübbert). Ces cinq auteurs se sont engagés dans une approche pluridisciplinaire ouverte à la psychothérapie. Leurs travaux apportent une consistance importante aux conditions qui interviennent dans l'effet et les mécanismes d'une psychothérapie. Ils éclairent les changements qu'elle produit et contribuent à en saisir l'origine et une partie de la cause. La biologie et la psychologie font bon ménage. Leur influence réciproque apporte au clinicien des informations sur ce qui intervient concrètement non seulement dans l'alliance thérapeutique mais aussi dans le passage d'une actualité développementale et d'un niveau de conscience à un autre. Un principe majeur en est l'importance de l'attachement et des phases précoces du développement, mais aussi des possibilités qui se trouvent ouvertes par la neuroplasticité ajustée à l'expérience. Elle accompagne la recaractérisation des groupes neuronaux dans les expériences actuelles, incluant celle de la psychothérapie. Les connaissances concernant l'influence des expériences précoces négatives et des traumatismes relationnels, mais aussi celles de la possibilité d'un réaménagement positif sont suffisamment parlantes et confirmées pour pouvoir être enseignées et incluses dans la pratique. Beaucoup reste à faire dans le domaine de la formation et des pratiques. What is psychotherapy today? Why evaluate its therapeutic mechanisms? How can these practices be taught? These are the three essential and complementary questions that the journal L'Évolution Psychiatrique invited us to answer. The elucidation of therapeutic mechanisms, "Why and how does psychotherapy produce effects?" has already been a focal point for questioning practices and theories at the beginning of the twentieth century. Pierre Janet and Sigmund Freud both sought a scientific answer to this question. Janet approached it through a historical study of psychotherapy methods and their results, justified by various mechanisms. Based on 250 cases that he himself treated through hypnotic suggestion, he considered that it was not about creating new resources but rather about using those that the mind already possesses. Freud, during the same period, saw psychotherapy as a process that allows the unconscious to become conscious. He noted that although he had abandoned hypnosis, he rediscovered suggestion in the form of transference. He expressed doubts about the reception that evaluation might receive and predicted the upcoming importance of biology. The elucidation of change processes and their mechanisms became the central question in psychotherapy research in the early 2000s (Kazdin, Kraemer et al.). Developmental psychopathology and methodologies applicable to psychotherapies conducted in natural settings are included. Medical and psychological methodologies for evaluative research are quickly distinguished. Two major developments are noteworthy during this period. The first is the broadening of psychotherapy's scope to include childhood disorders, severe personality disorders, as well as psychotic and psychosomatic disorders. These are revealed to be complex multifactorial disorders. The second is the development of research in biology and then on the brain in relation to the context of reality, including early developmental phases, stress, and trauma. What are the consequences of this evolution on current theories and practices? To answer these questions, we approached this evolution by associating the history of psychotherapy methods (P. Janet) with four major actors in the neuroscientific field who have published on: evolution, development, and consciousness (G.M. Edelman); modern biology and psychoanalysis (E. Kandel); clinical and neurobiological psychotherapy of complex disorders (A.R. Schore); and the socialization of sensorimotor contingencies (A. Lübbert). These five authors have engaged in a multidisciplinary approach open to psychotherapy. Their work significantly contributes to understanding the conditions that influence the effects and mechanisms of psychotherapy. They shed light on the changes it produces and help grasp their origin and part of the cause. Biology and psychology work well together. Their reciprocal influence provides clinicians with information about what concretely intervenes not only in the therapeutic alliance but also in the transition from one developmental reality and level of consciousness to another. A major principle here is the importance of attachment and early developmental phases, as well as the possibilities opened by neuroplasticity adjusted by experience. Neuroplasticity accompanies the re-characterization of neuronal groups in current experiences, including that of psychotherapy. The knowledge regarding the influence of early negative experiences and relational traumas, as well as the possibility of positive reorganization, is sufficiently compelling and confirmed to be taught and included in practice. Much remains to be done in the field of training and practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

L'environnement est un concept qui permet de réinterroger la psychopathologie psychanalytique classique, à commencer par la nature du symptôme et les processus qui le structurent, puis les notions de normal et pathologique. Cet article propose ainsi les principaux axes d'une psychopathologie psychanalytique de l'environnement dans une dimension intersubjective. Nous opérons une lecture et une analyse singulières des théories de Donald W. Winnicott sur l'environnement et des concepts qui lui sont liés, en particulier la dépendance, le self , l'agressivité et la réparation. Puis nous décrivons leurs complémentarités et leurs ruptures avec les théories anglo-saxonnes, comme elles furent portées par Sándor Ferenczi, Mélanie Klein et Michael Balint. Il existe différents types de défaillances selon que l'environnement empiète affectivement et corporellement sur les besoins du nourrisson par la séduction, le tourment ou la disparition. Ce qui importe étant le moment de dépendance durant lequel elles ont lieu, générant soit une privation affective et potentiellement une organisation psychotique ou maniaco-dépressive au moment de la dépendance absolue, soit une déprivation affective et potentiellement une organisation antisociale au moment de la dépendance relative. Les défaillances de l'environnement (Winnicott) peuvent ainsi se retrouver complémentaires aux positions paranoïde-schizoïde et dépressive (Klein), comme aux concepts d'ocnophilie et de philobatisme (Balint). Le concept d'environnement montre également combien c'est la motricité qui constitue une expérience intersubjective dans la construction du self. Chez les parents, elle se manifeste avant tout dans le maintien ordinaire, chez le nourrisson, dans l'agressivité à l'origine de son geste spontané, tout à la fois destructeur et créateur, puis plus largement réparateur dans les environnements familial et social. La régression à la dépendance pourra devenir nécessaire à l'exploration d'expériences primaires inhérentes à l'ensemble individu-environnement et avoir une fonction de réintégration intersubjective. L'esquisse pour une psychopathologie psychanalytique de l'environnement est donc pertinente pour interpréter les souffrances du self comme des « troubles » intersubjectifs et analyser les cas cliniques de régression à la dépendance dans la situation analytique. The environment is a concept that allows us to re-examine classical psychoanalytic psychopathology, starting with the nature of the symptom and the processes that structure it, then the notions of the normal and the pathological. This article thus proposes the main axes of a psychoanalytic psychopathology of the environment in an intersubjective dimension. We carry out a singular reading and analysis of Donald W. Winnicott's theories on the environment and the concepts related to it, in particular dependence, the self, aggressiveness, and repair. Then we describe their complementarities and their breaks with Anglo-Saxon theories, as developed by Sándor Ferenczi, Melanie Klein, and Michael Balint. There are different types of failures depending on whether the environment impinges affectively and bodily on the needs of the infant through seduction, torment, or disappearance. What matters is the moment of dependence during which they take place, generating either potentially a psychotic or manic-depressive organization at the moment of absolute dependence, or potentially an antisocial organization at the moment of relative dependence. The failures of the environment (Winnicott) can thus be considered complementary to the paranoid-schizoid and depressive positions (Klein), as well as to the concepts of ocnophilia and philobatism (Balint). The concept of environment also shows how motor skills constitute an important intersubjective experience in the construction of the self. In parents, this manifests itself above all in ordinary holding; in infants, in the aggressiveness at the origin of their spontaneous gestures, both destructive and creative, then becoming more broadly restorative in the family and social environments. Regression to dependence may become necessary for the exploration of primary experiences inherent to the individual-environment dyad, and may also have a function of intersubjective reintegration. This sketch for a psychoanalytic psychopathology of the environment is therefore relevant for interpreting the sufferings of the self as intersubjective "disorders" and for analyzing clinical cases of regression to dependence in the analytic situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Selon Paul Ricœur, « l’anthropologie est devenue une tâche urgente de la pensée contemporaine ». Celle qu’il élabore dans l’ensemble de son œuvre repose sur sa phénoménologie herméneutique (dont l’originalité tient notamment à l’héritage qui lui vient de la philosophie réflexive), au point que cette dernière suffit selon nous à en dessiner les grandes lignes. Elle permet de doter le monde de régularités qui le rendent habitable et de doter chaque homme d’un soi. Elle prend aussi à bras le corps les difficultés de l’intersubjectivité qu’Edmund Husserl ou Martin Heidegger avaient laissé non résolues et fait de cette intersubjectivité une clef de sa philosophie. L’homme est alors plus qu’un habitant du monde : il habite une cité qu’il contribue à édifier. Le thème du « nouveau » permet de consolider l’une des leçons que l’on peut tirer de l’œuvre de Ricœur : pour vivre ensemble, il faut vivre. L’anthropologie ricœurienne ne réclame alors aucune éthique ajoutée pour que cet élan vitaliste apparaisse via sa phénoménologie herméneutique.

Copyright of Ricoeur Studies / Etudes Ricoeuriennes is the property of University of Pittsburgh, University Library System and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This contribution reflects on the conditions of a deformalized approach to intersubjectivity which would be able to nourish the project of a phenomenological anthropology following a Husserlian inspiration. I first question the architectonic place of the problem of sexual difference within Husserl’s phenomenology, in order to show that it belongs to the thematic field of “generativity”. It is then the meaning of a generative phenomenology that is discussed, in dialogue with the interpreters who have given it particular attention (Steinbock, Perreau). Finally, I look at Husserl’s interest in the genesis of the intersubjective link, focusing on the reference to motherhood which is surprisingly present in his writings. This triple inquiry aims to bring out one of the directions that the undertaking of deformalizing intersubjectivity could follow, leading to a more concrete approach of otherness on the basis of Husserl’s own proposals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In French, it is the same signifier that refers to the two different signifieds, namely the organs of sensoriality (the senses) and signification (the meaning), which emphasises that access to meaning depends fundamentally on sensoriality. From there, the article addresses the question of foetal sensoriality, and in particular auditory sensoriality, from the perspective of Suzanne Maiello's work on the first prenatal sound object. The question of polysensoriality is then raised, with reference to intersubjectivity, presymbolic representations and the language of the body and of the act. The article concludes with some reflections on the dialectic between being and existence and on autistic functioning between autosensuality and autoeroticism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Les jeux vidéo sont une réalité de la culture d’aujourd’hui. Cet article est basé sur un échantillon de neuf protocoles de Rorschach appliques à de jeunes adultes qui sont des joueurs actifs. Les résultats du Rorschach montrent une difficulté à bien appréhender la réalité, une dynamique affective introvertie et un niveau élevé d’angoisse —des caractéristiques liées à un mouvement psychique où se posent des questions de force et d’autorité (I et IV), des arsenaux de guerre (VII), avec inscription dans des relations affectives (II et III) ou des logiques régressives (VIII, IX et X). Cette étude nous a permis de construire un (proto)virtuel, avec de nouveaux Avatars au Rorschach, une construction tridimensionnelle qui entrelace le réel et le virtuel, dans un domaine de la projection sur la perception, où le (proto)mentale est (re)signifié.

Au Québec, lors du confinement dû à la pandémie de Covid-19, une tension importante s’est révélée entre l’isolement social d’un individu et l’emprise que le virtuel exerce sur lui selon sa façon d’utiliser ses écrans. Le danger de distorsion de la réalité est toujours présent car les médias ne présentent pas la réalité, mais la représentent autrement. Il est donc essentiel de s’assurer que ces médias omniprésents montrent adéquatement le réel et le rapport des humains au réel. En ce sens, il importe de faciliter l’apprentissage des citoyens à regarder critiquement les médias afin de pouvoir se prémunir contre leur influence insidieuse ou leur manipulation. Un Guide de visionnement critique des médias a été conçu pour faciliter cette distanciation réflexive des écrans et leur mise en perspective.

In this study, we aim to show that the entire philosophy of E. Levinas focuses on the ethical and metaphysical issue concerning the “Other”. The concept is represented as an infinity of facets or even as lying “beyond the being”. This is essentially a phenomenology of love which establishes the bond between the "I" and the "Other", a relationship that should unite each individual to his/her fellow creature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we analyze the Grimms' fairy tale The Fisherman and his Wife from a feminist-psychoanalytic perspective. Grimms' tales have had a profound influence in European and North American cultures. Given that marriage is so often the happily-ever-after denouement of traditional fairy tales, The Fisherman and his Wife provides one of few enduring portrayals of the married couple in the Grimms' collection. Through the lens of Jessica Benjamin's theory of mutual recognition, we analyse the original tale and more current illustrated retellings and speculate on the intrapsychical and intersubjective struggles involved in the characters' depicted relationship. Our analysis suggests that the relationship between the fisherman and his wife provides an opportunity to reflect on each partner's drive toward complementarity and the false mindset by vividly, even absurdly, showing the reader what happens when intersubjectivity is absent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interpretation of the key concepts of St. Paul from the fundamental intuitions of the phenomenology of life seeks above all to make us grasp the intersubjectivity possible in the immanence of the acosmic flesh. The mystical body of Christ thus corresponds to this acosmic intersubjectivity, which, as a transcendental community, can found an intra-worldly intersubjectivity that is intended to be peaceful. It seems to us that, in this way, a new social ontology emerges in Henry's appropriation of Pauline ecclesiology. It is an ontology which, in order to respect the singularity of each individual, does not need to isolate him or conceive of him through an abstraction totally separated from any relation to other egos. In doing so, Henry develops a social ontology that is not reflected by the idea of the social contract of the liberal philosophers nor by the views of the communitarians, for whom the individual is socially produced as essentially already-in-the-world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estilos da Clínica is the property of FEUSP - Faculdade de Educacao da USP - Universidade de Sao Paulo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Le but de cet article est de lire L’Aveuglement ou l’Essai sur la cécité (1994) de Saramago suivant deux fils conducteurs. Le premier est celui de la critique de la métaphore de la lumière : à notre avis, Saramago tente dans l’Essai de tirer toutes les conséquences que l’hypothèse fictionnelle d’une épidémie de cécité par excès de lumière pourrait avoir sur la réalité de la vie sociale moderne. C’est l’occasion aussi pour Saramago de critiquer le projet moderne de civilisation des « Lumières », et d’élaborer une nouvelle interprétation des concepts d’ « état de nature » et de « contrat social ». Le second fil est celui de la conception d’intersubjectivité acoustique implicite, mais présente dans l’Essai. À notre avis, Saramago propose une approche originale du phénomène intersubjectif, qui jusque-là avait été toujours compris à partir du primat du visible et dans une vision subjectiviste. Dans l’Essai, il est possible de penser l’émergence d’une réalité commune et anonyme constituée comme audible au premier abord, et qui conditionne par la suite l’individuation et la socialisation humaines. Dans cette étude, nous voulons mesurer les implications de cet essai littéraire pour la pensée de l’intersubjectivité, en prenant au sérieux philosophiquement la réalité qui en découlerait.

Copyright of BAU Journal - Society, Culture & Human Behavior is the property of Beirut Arab University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Il semble que la mise en œuvre des droits reconnus par les législateurs et les tribunaux en contexte d’avortement tardif et d’aide médicale à mourir connaît, en pratique, un problème d’effectuation. En effet, nous nous trouvons actuellement dans une ère où le droit accorde énormément d’importance à l’autonomie individuelle dans le domaine médical, mais où les pratiques et les autres normativités viennent considérablement limiter cette autonomie. Il convient, dès lors, de poser un regard critique sur le concept d’autonomie en contexte d’avortement tardif et d’aide médicale à mourir. Ces constats soulèvent des questionnements sur le rôle et les limites du droit étatique lorsque transposé en contexte clinique, ainsi que sur le peu d’attention que porte le droit aux destinataires de la norme. Le défi consiste alors à faire cohabiter les différentes normes et valeurs afin que les mécanismes de prises de décisions traduisent un souci réel d’assurer le vivre ensemble.

Time as a collective singular cannot be fully captured by Ricoeur’s poetic response to the aporias of time. Ricoeur works on this question in particular from Kant, Husserl and Heidegger, and, at the end of Time and Narrative, returns to the question of the unicity of history, discussing Hegel and reappropriating Koselleck’s concepts of the horizon of expectation and the space of experience. We present this inquiry, discuss the reservations expressed about it, and propose to open two ways for a deepening of Ricœurian thought. The first provides a framework for the idea of “learning together”; the second aims at the very possibility of a "we."

It seems that the implementation of the rights recognised by legislators and courts in the context of late-term abortion and medical aid in dying are, in practice, problematic. Indeed, we are currently in an era where the law places great importance on individual autonomy in the medical field, but where practices and other normativities considerably limit this autonomy. It is therefore appropriate to take a critical look at the concept of autonomy in the context of late-term abortion and medical aid in dying. These observations raise questions about the role and limits of state law when transposed into a clinical context, as well as about the lack of attention paid by the law to the recipients of the norm. The challenge is to ensure that the different norms and values coexist so that the decision-making mechanisms reflect a genuine concern for living together. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Video games are a reality of today’s culture. This article is based on a sample of nine Rorschach protocols applied to young adults who are active gamers. The Rorschach results show a difficulty in correctly understanding reality, an introverted affective dynamic and a high level of anxiety — characteristics linked to a psychic movement where matters of strength and authority (I and IV), arsenals of war (VII), with inscription in affective relations (II and III) or with regressive logics (VIII, IX and X) are posed. This study allowed us to build a (proto)virtual, with new Avatars in the Rorschach, a three-dimensional construction that intertwines the real and the virtual, putting projection over perception, where the (proto)mental is (re) signified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Harold Frederick Searles developed his contributions to psychoanalysis based on his clinical experience with psychosis, especially schizophrenia. He also elaborated important theories on the typical psychic illness of borderline cases. This article presents and discusses the role of intersubjectivity in Searles’ clinical thinking. To do so, the text analyzed the paper “The Schizophrenic’s Vulnerability to the Therapist’s Unconscious Processes” (1958/1965a). After presenting some biographical data about the author and his style as a writer and analyst, the article focuses on the analysis of the aforementioned paper. The discussion concludes by pointing out the relations between Searles’ clinical thinking and some contemporary analytical proposals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Estudos Literários is the property of Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Social Anthropology / Anthropologie Sociale is the property of Berghahn Books and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

When Jean-Paul Sartre reflects on intersubjectivity, he is often misunderstood. He is accused of grasping human relations essentially under the seal of duplicity and conflict. We thus put forward his thesis of the absolute and the infinite freedom of man to deduce the seeds of a notorious immorality in the communication of conscience. Based on this observation, the main objective of this reflection is to show, with Sartre that the unfortunate experience of which he refers in his works and particularly in Huis clos is consecutive to a degradation of freedom into debauchery. In other words, genuine freedom rhymes with morality and altruism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the discourse-pragmatic functions of doze ... ('many thanks') in spoken Cantonese discourse. Two functions of doze were found which have not previously been described. The audio/video data comes from spoken corpora and consists of 107 instances. The study shows that doze is a multifunctional discourse marker: doze functions as a marker of response to tangible receiving, response to congratulations or a compliment, response for declining an invitation, and response to unexpected promise making. This study suggests that doze is originally a stative verb of expressing gratitude; it retains the meaning of thanking and encodes during conversational interaction the attitudes between the speaker and the listener toward the beneficial event. Some grammaticalization effects involving conventional inferencing are witnessed and demonstrate the evolution of a stative verb to a beneficial reception marker via conversational development. This paper also captures the subtle differences between doze and mgoi ... in Hong Kong Cantonese. It contributes to the understanding of grammaticalization, Emergent Grammar, and politeness in the Asian context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dans ce texte, il s'agit d'articuler les travaux de recherche actuels sur l'intersubjectivité aux travaux psychanalytiques afin de relancer la mise en débat des modèles de compréhension des classifications psychiatriques classiques des psychoses (schizophrénie, paranoïa, mélancolie). Ce texte s'appuie sur le croisement des publications scientifiques actuelles sur les différents éléments constituant les processus intersubjectifs (indifférenciation, agentivité, théorie de l'esprit, empathie, inter-intentionnalité...) avec les travaux de D.W. Winnicott (1959) proposant d'introduire une classification psychiatrique prenant en compte le degré et la qualité des distorsions ou des carences des liens avec l'environnement qui ont pu se produire à un stade dit « de dépendance maximale ». Le croisement de ces deux approches peut permettre de rendre intelligible du rôle des liens intersubjectifs dans les organisations défensives distinguant les différentes formes de psychoses. Il est possible d'esquisser une modélisation liant les pathologies psychotiques avec l'expression de troubles différenciés de l'intersubjectivité à partir de trois propositions. Et ainsi, de reprendre, sous une nouvelle forme, les propositions énoncées en 1959 par D.W. Winnicott. Dans la schizophrénie, l'expression de la souffrance psychique s'accompagne d'un brouillage de l'articulation entre indifférenciation et intersubjectivité. Dans la paranoïa, la pathologie se structure dans un trouble particulier dans la recherche de l'intention d'autrui, un trouble de « l'inter-intentionnalité » défini par R. Roussillon. Enfin, la mélancolie peut apparaître dans une rupture du lien empathique en l'absence de l'objet. Cette modélisation ne se substitue pas aux grands ensembles théoriques psychanalytiques freudien, kleinien et lacanien. Elle peut cependant être l'occasion de développer un modèle permettant d'améliorer l'intelligibilité des liens intersubjectifs qui se tissent dans le cadre des traitements psychothérapiques des différentes formes de psychose alors qu'ils se présentent généralement sous une forme chaotique. This article aims to link current research on intersubjectivity with psychoanalytical texts in order to reopen the debate on models for understanding the classical psychiatric classifications of psychoses (schizophrenia, paranoia, melancholy). This text is based on a comparison of current scientific publications on the different elements constituting intersubjective processes (indifferentiation, agentivity, theory of mind, empathy, inter-intentionality..) with D. W. Winnicott's 1959 paper, in which he proposes a psychiatric classification that takes into account the degree and quality of the distortion or deficiency of the links with the environment that may have occurred at a stage of maximum dependence. The intersection of these two approaches may make it possible to make the role of intersubjective links in defensive organizations intelligible, allowing us to better distinguish the different forms of psychosis. It is possible to sketch a model linking psychotic pathologies with the expression of differentiated intersubjectivity disorders from three propositions. And thus, to take up, in a new form, the propositions articulated in 1959 by D. W. Winnicott. In schizophrenia, the expression of psychic suffering is accompanied by a blurring of the articulation between indifferentiation and intersubjectivity. In paranoia, the pathology is structured around a particular disorder in the search for the intention of others, a disorder of "inter-intentionality" as defined by R. Roussillon. Finally, melancholy can appear in a rupture of the empathic bond in the absence of the object. This modeling does not replace the major Freudian, Kleinian, and Lacanian psychoanalytical theoretical ensembles. It can, however, make it possible to develop a model that improves the intelligibility of the intersubjective links that are woven in the context of psychotherapeutic treatments of the various forms of psychosis, even though they generally take a chaotic form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In light of contemporary theories of the development of the self and infant research studies, the author proposes a reinterpretation of the lapsus phenomenon. The lapsus phenomenon was conceived by Freud as a disturbance due to the emergence of psychic contents that have been repressed because they are unacceptable on the level of consciousness. The current interpretation conceives the lapsus as a signal of expression of the intentionally oriented nascent self. These ideas will be considered through the lens of a clinical case that highlights and explicates this phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a theoretical investigation on the constitution of the phenomenon of intersubjectivity, considered as a passage from the self to the other, based on the principles of Edmund Husserl’s phenomenological anthropology. The relevant contribution of the German philosopher and psychologist Edith Stein, a disciple of Husserl, on the empathic experience is also discussed. The concept developed by Stein about phenomenological empathy, which can also be translated as “intropathy” or “entropathy”, allows a sui generis look at the encounter with the other. The quality of this encounter is of paramount importance when we consider the relationship between psychotherapist and client in the context of the humanistic psychological clinic, guided by the principles of the person-centered approach, developed by the North American psychologist Carl Rogers. The implications between subjectivity and intersubjectivity are analyzed in a movement of creative dialogue between phenomenological philosophy and humanistic clinical psychology, aiming to contribute to an approximation between two fields that affect each other by appropriating human experience from complementary emphases, universal structure, and singular concreteness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This preliminary longitudinal study examined timing features and type of interaction between infant boys and their mothers with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms Method: Ten infants and their mothers with ADHD symptoms and 10 control dyads were video recorded at home during free play interactions when infants were 2‐, 4‐, 6‐, and 9‐month old. Microanalysis of the video recordings was carried out to assess synchronization, turn‐taking, and type of interaction. Infants' temperament was also assessed Results: ADHD dyads showed shorter synchronization at 2 months and shorter duration of Joint Attention. Partial least squares regression analysis revealed that infant's ability for Joint Attention is predicted mainly by duration of maternal behavior as well as by earlier forms of communication, that is, protoconversations. Conclusion: The data from our preliminary study suggest that mothers with ADHD symptoms may have difficulties maintaining their behavior for enough time possibly due to the core symptoms of the disorder, that is, inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. This maternal deficit seems to affect temporal coordination with their infants and maybe the development of more complex forms of interaction. Clinical implications of these findings are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cet article vise à définir la spécificité d'une écoute psychanalytique de l'intersubjectivité dans les dispositifs de médiations thérapeutiques. Il propose de mettre en évidence les présupposés de cette écoute intersubjective comme autant de conditions préalables à une possible appropriation subjective du travail thérapeutique par les patients. La méthode relève d'une interrogation sur les extensions de la psychanalyse et elle consiste à transposer les fondements de la méthode et de la théorie psychanalytique dans le cadre des médiations thérapeutiques. La méthodologie de recueil des données se fonde ainsi sur l'observation clinique des diverses formes de l'associativité, verbale, sensorimotrice et formelle, ainsi que sur la prise en compte de la « constellation transférentielle » (Freud). Elle repose sur l'analyse de « situations limites » des dispositifs de soin à médiation pour des pathologies graves du narcissisme et de l'identité. Cet article dégage six opérateurs de l'écoute intersubjective dans les médiations thérapeutiques : la prise en compte du langage sensorimoteur, de l'interintentionnalité, des formes sensorimotrices du transfert, de l'émergence des formes primaires de symbolisation, ainsi que la reprise intersubjective par les cliniciens (par accordages, partage d'affect, théâtralisation et dialogue sensorimoteur), et enfin la remise en place des jeux qui n'ont pas pu se jouer dans la première enfance. Chacun des opérateurs mis en évidence est abordé de façon synthétique dans cet article ; une analyse plus approfondie peut être effectuée à l'appui des indications bibliographiques. L'écoute psychanalytique de l'intersubjectivité dans les médiations thérapeutiques permet donc de donner des repères, tant pour la pratique que pour une évaluation qualitative des processus en jeu dans ces dispositifs de soin, ce qui représente un outil heuristique pour les cliniciens. This article sets out to define the specificity of intersubjective psychoanalytic listening in therapeutic mediations. It proposes to bring to light the presuppositions of this psychoanalytic listening as prerequisites for a possible subjective appropriation of therapeutic work by patients. The method concerns extensions of psychoanalysis, and consists in transposing the methodical and theoretical foundations of psychoanalysis into the therapeutic mediation setting. The data collection methodology is thus based on clinical observation of various forms of verbal, sensorymotor, and formal associativity, as well as the consideration of the "transferential constellation" (Freud). It is based on an analysis of "limit situations" encountered in the use of mediation treatment systems for serious narcissistic and identity disorders. This article distinguishes six operators of intersubjective listening in therapeutic mediations: sensorymotor language, interintentionality, sensorymotor forms of the transference, emergence of primary forms of symbolisation, as well as clinicians' use of intersubjectivity (attunement, affect sharing, dramatization, and sensorymotor dialogue), and finally the reinstatement of games that could not be played in early childhood. Each of the operators highlighted is discussed in summary form in this article; a more in-depth analysis can be made by referring to the bibliographical indications. Psychoanalytic listening to intersubjectivity in therapeutic mediations therefore makes it possible to give reference points, both for practice and for a qualitative evaluation of processes involved in these care protocols, which represents a heuristic tool for clinicians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The brazilian society is crossed by violence, prejudice and authoritarianism, materialized in death rates and social inequalities that resemble a country at war. The main targets of these indexes, invariably, are the so-called social minorities formed by LGBTI (particularly transsexual), poor, indigenous, black, women, among others. At the same time, we note that authoritarianism, violence and prejudice have taken on explicit materiality as a State policy (at its different levels of government), and supported by a large portion of the population. Contemporaneously, can be note that authoritarianism, violence and prejudice have taken on explicit materiality as a State policy (at its different levels of government), and supported by a large portion of the population. In this article, from a theoretical reflection, we argue that such occurrences do not start recently, but have historical matrixes not properly elaborated by Brazilian society, acting in this way, in their intersubjectivities. To support the argument, the article is organized into three interrelated blocks of analysis. Initially, we discussed the modern coloniality that still persists in relations between peripheral and central countries. Then, using Hanna Arendt as a reference, we problematize the potential of banal evil to ensnare and circumscribe the colonial system through the invisibility of otherness in human relations. We ended with a debate on the effects of colonial violence in Brazil, concealed through the circulation of the myths of the cordiality and pacifism of the Brazilian population and that of racial democracy, imposing forgetfulness of our history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ethnographic survey that I conducted between 2006 and 2015 with family groups from various socioeconomic backgrounds in Santiago revealed the importance of relationships of residential kinship in urban areas, through the formation of "configuration of houses". By criticizing the dominant approach centered on objective measures, I question the patterns of residential circulations within such configurations as they are interpreted and mean from the native point of view. By analyzing two ethnographic cases, I show that daily circulations between houses is not just "facts" resulting from practical problems or demographic, economic or urban conditions. From a native point of view, the direction, frequency and modalities of residential movements are "gestures" that activate a language of intersubjective recognition, by configuring more symmetrical or more asymmetrical forms of interdependence between houses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estilos da Clínica is the property of FEUSP - Faculdade de Educacao da USP - Universidade de Sao Paulo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La maladie d'Alzheimer, la schizophrénie, l'autisme... sont classiquement des maladies affectant principalement la personne dans leur être-avec et l'être-au-monde. Elles altèrent progressivement de nombreux processus cognitifs et affectifs, en premier lieu la mémoire, mais aussi le jugement et le langage. Leurs interactions conduisent à une perte d'emprise du malade sur son environnement matériel et sur sa capacité de vie relationnelle. Le patient trouve parfois des substitutions pour pallier ses difficultés. L'un de ceux-ci est un outil sémiotique, l'analogon, dont le fonctionnement est décrit dans cet article. Il permet de retrouver un sens, une identité et une inscription dans un monde où le malade retrouve du bien-être. L'être humain ne fonctionne pas uniquement de façon digitale. Il résonne aussi de façon analogique, en particulier dans des segments importants qui mobilisent les affects, l'esthétique, la prise en compte empathique d'autrui. L'analogon est un objet identifiant qui permet de contourner les impossibilités cognitives, assurant une reprise de pratiques marquées par des stratégies personnelles antérieures, et rendant efficiente une pensée de secours. Il constitue, lorsqu'il est accepté par les soignants, un outil thérapeutique particulièrement bien adapté au malade dément. Utilisé dans la pratique sociale quotidienne pour des personnes sans troubles cognitifs, il permet de plus de comprendre et de répondre à certaines angoisses qui se traduisent autrement sous un mode violent. Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, autism are classically diseases that primarily affect the person in their being-with and being-in-the-world. It progressively alters many cognitive processes, primarily memory, but also judgment and language. Their interactions lead to a loss of the patients's coping on his material environment and on their capacity for interpersonal life. The patients sometimes find substitutions to overcome their difficulties. One of these is a semiotic tool, the analogon, whose operation is described in this article. It allows them to find a sense, an identity and an inscription to the world where they find a well-being. The human being does not work only digitally. It also resonates analogically especially in important segments that mobilize the affects, aesthetics, empathic consideration of others. The analogon is an identifying object that makes it possible to circumvent cognitive impossibilities, ensuring a recovery of previous personal strategy practices, and making effective a relief thought. When accepted by caregivers, analogon constitutes a therapeutic tool, particularly well adapted to the demented patient. Used in everyday social practice for people without cognitive impairment, it also allows to understand and respond to certain anxieties that are translated into a violent mode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we address some conceptual issues that are logically prior to the constitution of any psychopathology. We explore ontological and epistemological aspects of subjective experience, rejecting both Cartesianism and behaviorism, and favoring the Wittgensteinian notion of criterial support instead. Then, we discuss the disanalogy between knowledge of other minds and our knowledge of anything else. Based on the arguments by Eilan's that the "communication claim" should replace the "observation claim," we defend that there is a kind of knowledge that is irreducibly founded on intersubjectivity (that is, knowledge of persons is knowledge for two) and point out to implications it may have for psychopathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Langage & Societe is the property of Fondation Maison des Sciences de l'Homme and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Langage & Societe is the property of Fondation Maison des Sciences de l'Homme and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Recherches Amérindiennes au Québec is the property of Société Recherches autochtones au Québec and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Linguistic Intercultural Education is the property of Centre for Research & Innovation in Linguistic Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The author traces the research path of René Kaës, starting from the early studies of the 1970s. Focusing in particular on the concepts of the unconscious alliance, link and subject of the link, and intersubjectivity, the author analyzes the metapsychological reformulations proposed by Kaës and that led him to the idea of a third topology and of a third type metapsychology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this brief contribution I have sought to explore the intersubjective dimension of the unconscious through a dialogue between psychoanalysis and modern neuroscience. I have examined the interrelation between the body, the unconscious, the development of the self and intersubjectivity in infant mental development, expressed in the analytic process through our ability to deeply understand the unconscious states of the patient's Self (verbal and nonverbal). Vittorio Gallese's model of embodied simulation and neuroscientific findings I have referred to may represent an important neurobiological correlate of this unconscious dimension, thus further contributing to our/building on our understanding of early intersubjective dyadic processes and therapeutic factors involved in the analytic process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Philosophia is the property of Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)