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Purpose: is to identify state of the art, key aspects and distinctive characteristics of the smart specialization concept based on a study of the current state and the initial prerequisites for its formation, including linkages with other theoretical approaches. Methods: theoretical provisions of regional and spatial economics, innovative development, and economic geography by Russian and foreign scientists were used for conducting the research. Тhe methods of bibliometric, statistical and content analysis of literary sources constituted a methodological framework for the study. A systematization of publications for 2012–2021 was grounded on thematic samples from eLIBRARY.ru, Scopus and Web of Science databases. An analysis of text array content was conducted with the aim of further critical interpretation of the revealed patterns and identifi cation of promising research directions. Results: it was found, that despite the fact that the concept of the smart specialization was based on many previous theoretical approaches, it made a signifi cant contribution to the new political vision of regional development. It is shown how the initially sectoral approach, through the use of the postulates of economic geography, was transformed into the territorial concept. The conducted bibliometric and content analyses of literary sources made it possible to identify the inherent characteristics of the concept, principles and tools for its implementation, as well as formulate the author’s defi nition of the smart specialization approach. Conclusions and Relevance: the importance of smart specialization consists of the following aspects. Firstly, substantiating the need for differentiated regional policy for various types of regional innovation systems. Secondly, scientifi c and practical substantiating the importance of the related diversifi cation approach to regional development to stimulate structural changes that are signifi cant for economic dynamics. Thirdly, focusing on interregional interaction to ensure complementarity of scientifi c and technological regional development.

Socio-economic development of regions depends on the level of interaction between them on the basis of their industry specialisation. The purpose of the study is to determine the potential for the industrial production development of the regions for further activation of interregional interaction. Types of industrial production of the Republic of Bashkortostan and its neighbouring regions are the object of the study. The paper assesses its development in dynamics and statics by type of activity. Its specialisation is determined, the leading types of economic activity are identified with the use of localisation coefficients and localisation intensity. The development level of industrial production in the Russian Federation and in the regions near the Republic of Bashkortostan have similar trends, however, sharp fluctuations occur in Chelyabinsk and Sverdlovsk regions. In these subjects, the largest share in manufacturing belongs to metallurgical production. Also many activities that are to be in the zone of increased localisation in terms of the turnover of an organisation and the number of employees are actually in the zone of low effective localisation. Industrial production in the Udmurt Republic and the Republic of Tatarstan is less affected by the fluctuations. In Bashkortostan, the largest share is occupied by extraction of coke and petroleum products. To strengthen technological sovereignty, it is necessary to activate the interaction between regions in industrial production.

In order to increase the competitiveness of the region and the competent distribution of production forces, leveling the socio-economic and financial imbalance in modern conditions accompanied by external pressure and instability of economic development, there is a growing need to focus on increasing the efficiency of using potential of the region. Purpose. study of the potential of the Republic of Bashkortostan to expand interregional cooperation Methodology in the process of writing the article, theoretical methods of analysis and synthesis, generalization and classification were used. The information basis of the study was normative and methodological sources, legislative acts of the Russian Federation, data from official government websites of the Russian Federation, educational and specialized literature, periodicals in the field of regional development, interregional interaction, as well as statistical data. Results: informative data was obtained reflecting aspects of the development of interregional interaction Practical implications it is advisable to apply the obtained results in order to develop and improve the quality of management decisions in the formation of interregional interaction for the sustainable economic development of the country.

This paper assesses the effects of the investment shock to the fuel and energy sectors of the Far East within the framework of the Eastern vector of Russia’s energy policy. We systemize the basic investment projects implemented in these sectors in order to increase export supplies of fuel and energy resources to the Asia-Pacific countries and assess the shifts in the structure of fuel and energy resources production in the region over the period from 2012 to 2019. In calculations, we use the classical and spatial versions of the method of structural decomposition of the growth rates of the sectoral indicators (shift-share analysis). On the basis of structural decomposition of the changes on the average annual number of employees and the GVA of the fuel and energy complex of the Far East at different spatial levels (national, macroregional (interregional) and regional) we draw the following conclusions: a strong impulse for development in the framework of the Eastern vector of Russia’s energy policy was given to extractive industries, their competitive effects were positive and overrode the negative shocks, which were destabilizing the national economy; an important factor in the economic dynamics of the extractive industries of the fuel and energy complex were gains/losses in inter-regional competition, but not spatial externalities; in the oil and gas industry, unlike in the coal industry, there is potential for formation of spatial externalities; developing faster than others, extractive industries remain enclaves in regional economies

The article is devoted to the study of the potential for enhancing interregional cooperation and its main directions. The purpose of the study is to substantiate promising areas of interregional interaction of the Republic of Bashkortostan with neighbouring regions based on an assessment of competitive advantages. In accordance with the goal set, the development levels of individual regions have been determined; the competitive economic activities in them have been evaluated; the specialization of regions, taking into account their competitiveness, as well as the budgetary basis for the development of interregional relations have been identified. The study uses a systematic analysis of economic differences between the regions, identifying the directions of economic reserve flows on the basis of the criterion of alignment of their returns. The differences between the regions in natural conditions and natural resources, in specialization by type of economic activity and by individual types of agricultural products are considered as an economic basis for interregional interaction.

Pedro Rojas's 1961 excavation of numerous stone vessels at the Huayurco site has led scholars to suspect that the Jaén region of the northeastern Peruvian Andes was an important center of early ceremonial stone bowl production. This discovery not only provided clear evidence of an independent craft technology within the ceja de selva , or eastern Andean tropical montane forest, but the similarity of these stone vessels to examples found at coastal and highland Andean sites also suggested that the Jaén region produced these vessels as a means of participating within early interregional exchange networks. Because empirical evidence of tropical forest exchange items within coastal and highland sites is difficult to obtain because of these items' suspected perishable nature, the stone vessels represented an alternative means for understanding early Andean–Amazonian relations. Despite the importance of this discovery, little follow-up investigation has been conducted. In this article, I define the Jaén stone vessel tradition on the basis of form, design, and technology. I then review the archaeological literature on early Andean stone vessels to show how these vessels help articulate Jaén's participation within Andean interaction spheres between 2500 and 800 BC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Imperial expansion can have substantial impacts on the daily and long-term activities of colonized regions. However, statecraft can vary depending on local resilience and the decisions made by agropastoralists and other economic collectives. We explore how Wari expansion affected, and was affected by, pastoralists' activities by examining the isotopic variation of camelid bone, teeth, and hair (or fibres) at three mid-valley (yunga) (500–2300 masl) sites in the Majes and Sihuas valleys of southern Peru. We report stable δ 13C and δ 15N isotopic compositions (n = 34) of keratin from previously published serial samples of camelid (Lama sp./ Vicugna sp.) fibre from the site of Beringa in the Majes Valley, δ 13C and δ 15N values of bone collagen (n = 6) and δ 13C values from tooth enamel bioapatite (n = 65) from Uraca in the Majes Valley, and δ 13C and δ 15N values of bone collagen (n = 30) from Quilcapampa in the Sihuas Valley. We compare diets between sites and between development phases of individual animals. Extensive networks of inter-valley trails connected neighboring yunga communities and camelid caravans enabled the exchange of goods and ideas. Stable isotope analysis of camelids from these three sites suggests that yunga communities in the Majes and Sihuas valleys were engaged in both highland and coastal camelid-caravan networks prior to Wari expansion that permitted local communities to maintain foddering flexibility. Herders maintained these networks into the Wari era, while also taking advantage of new trading opportunities as they became available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. The development of modern Russia is characterized by a high degree of differentiation in the level of socio-economic development of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Interregional cooperation is one of the tools to overcome this differentiation. Although new forms of such cooperation have been emerging, its potential remains underestimated. The purpose of the study is to analyze the existing and prospective forms of cooperation between the regions of Russia. Materials and Methods. The study based on a structural and substantive analysis of regulatory legal acts of the federal and regional levels, as well as on strategic planning documents, various forms of budget reporting, bilateral and multilateral agreements between the constituent entities of the Russian Federation aimed at identifying various areas, tools and mechanisms for ensuring interregional cooperation. Results. The authors have considered the tools of interregional cooperation that involve direct financial participation of regional authorities or economic entities. The role and prospects of horizontal subsidies and budget loans provided by one region to another have been identified, their legal and regulatory justification has been given; a financial assessment has been made, and the identified practices have been analyzed. In terms of the implementation of public procurement from suppliers based in other regions, the authors have estimated the degree of how closed or open the constituent entities of the Russian Federation are. Discussion and Conclusion. The authors have confirmed the idea that interregional cooperation in Russia is still underdeveloped and lacks legislative and scientific-methodological justification. The authors also assess the prospects for further development of interregional cooperation in Russia and suggest a number of measures to promote it. The results of the study can be used in the interests of the authorities to improve the system of regulation of various mechanisms of regional cooperation, as well as to develop the scientific potential in this area.

Se analizan las redes de tráfico de la Quebrada de Humahuaca en tiempos del "fenómeno Isla", evaluando críticamente el protagonismo atribuido a Tiwanaku en su organización. Con este fin se presentan las investigaciones realizadas en Muyuna —uno de los principales sitios de la época en la Quebrada— ofreciendo información novedosa sobre contextos domésticos y funerarios, economía y modo de vida. Un análisis bayesiano de todas las dataciones disponibles para el componente Isla lo ubican entre fines del siglo once y comienzos del siglo catorce dC. Estos resultados, junto con el probable origen de los bienes presentes en estos contextos, llevan a concluir que las interacciones con otras regiones de los Andes circumpuneños fueron más importantes para los procesos de diferenciación social en las comunidades Isla que las relaciones con el estado Tiwanaku. En este marco, cobran especial relevancia la relación con el Río Grande de San Juan y la gravitación de ciertos colectivos supra-regionales (pastores, consumidores de alucinógenos) que podrían introducir una dimensión heterárquica en la organización de las redes sur andinas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Determination of the main indicators of economic growth is a key research question. In the course of solving this problem, many scientists agree that one of the drivers of economic development is interregional interaction. This article contains the results of a quantitative assessment of the role of interregional interaction for the Russian economy. The study is based on a modification of the Solow economic growth model which includes the level factor of interregional interaction. For a quantitative assessment of the effects of interregional interaction on economic development, a set of factors was determined that make it possible to assess the advantage that localization in a particular region can give to economic agents. The selected indicators have a direct impact on the potential and intensity of interregional interaction. The database for assessing the coefficients of the models and calculating the index of interregional interaction was formed on the basis of data from the website of the Federal State Statistics Service for the period from 2010 to 2018 for 83 regions of Russia. To select the best model of economic growth, considering interregional interaction, the authors evaluated different types of models: fixed effects model, time fixed effects model, random effects model, and time random effects model. The thesis about the importance of interregional interaction as one of the most important factors of production in modern Russia has found its empirical confirmation: the share of interregional interaction in ensuring the economic growth of Russian regions in the years 2015–2018 averaged 33%. The developed model of economic growth and the consideration of interregional interaction is universal and can be applied to various administrative-territorial units.

Copyright of Colloquium Anatolicum is the property of Necmi Karul and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The exceptional preservation of perishable artifacts on the arid west coast of the Andes has led to an abundance of knowledge on prehispanic textile production. Yet comparatively little of this knowledge is based on highland examples due to their poor preservation in the moist environment of the Andean sierra. Systematic excavations in 2011–2012 at the archaeological complex of Hualcayán in highland Ancash, Peru, revealed surprisingly well-preserved textiles and cordage from four partially looted machay-style tombs. In this article we provide an overview of textile forms, production techniques, and iconography from a sample of 292 textile and cordage fragments, equaling 20% of Hualcayán's assemblage. This work contributes to a better understanding of ancient Andean weaving in general and interregional interaction during the Early Intermediate period and Middle Horizon (ca. AD 1–1000) in particular. Significantly, we document variability in cotton yarn and a general uniformity in camelid yarn and weaving techniques in the overall sample. These findings, in combination with similarities in weaving techniques and style between coastal examples and Hualcayán's fabrics, suggest a coastal–highland relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the social implications of pottery circulation in the southern Andes during the Late pre-Hispanic periods (ca. A.D. 1000–1550). In particular, its goal is to understand the role of Yavi-Chicha pottery in the dynamics of interaction between two regions: the Chicha valleys in the border of Bolivia and Argentina and the Atacama in Chile. We do so through exploring the life history of Yavi-Chicha pottery: where and how it was manufactured, how it circulated, and the possible consumers, building on new ceramic analysis combined with previous results and discussed in relation to available research. Based on mineralogical and chemical data, we argue that Yavi-Chicha vessels that circulated in Chile, mostly polished jars, were manufactured somewhere in the Talina Valley, in Bolivia, ruling out the possibility that this pottery was produced in the Atacama. This indicates social interaction between the Chicha Region and the Atacama. In the context of a consistent relationship between the two regions, the circulation of Yavi-Chicha vessels could have involved a variety of practices, agents and motivations as two main types of traffic (embedded and specialized) seemed to have coexisted in the routes that connect both regions. This leads us to consider different possible scenarios of Yavi-Chicha ceramic consumption, implying different processes of negotiation and interaction between both regions. These vessels would have circulated as inalienable possessions (or identity markers), as trade items or as politically charged gifts under Inca State auspices (as gifts and political marker). Overall, we suggest that the presence of Yavi-Chicha ceramics in the Atacama would have been the result of an effort to maintain and consolidate preexisting interregional social relations between the Chicha Region and the Atacama. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The occurrence of nonlocal objects, raw materials, and ideas in the southwestern United States (U.S. SW) has long been recognized as evidence of interaction between prehispanic peoples of this region and those of greater Mesoamerica. Although many archaeologists have analyzed the directionality and potential means by which these objects and concepts moved across the landscape, few have assessed the degree to which Mesoamerican practices and traditional assemblages remained intact as the artifacts and ideas moved farther from their places of origin. The current study analyzes the distribution and deposition of blue-green stone mosaics, a craft technology that was well established in Mesoamerica by the Late Preclassic period (300 BC-AD 250) and spread to the U.S. SW by the start of the Hohokam Pioneer period (AD 475). We assess the spatial distribution, contextual deposition, and morphology of mosaics at sites within Hohokam Canal System 2, located in the Phoenix Basin of Arizona. We use these data to infer mosaics' social value and function within Hohokam social structure. Analyses suggest that, although the technology of mosaic making may have originated in Mesoamerica, the contexts and ways in which mosaics were used in the Hohokam regional system were decidedly Hohokam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the intensity of social interaction of residents of municipalities in the Russian Federation. To assess this interaction, data on users of electronic social networks are used, an information source that is gaining popularity in population geography research. As a quantitative indicator of such interaction, data on the friendship of users living in various municipalities, obtained from the open user profiles of the social network VKontakte are used. It is shown that social interaction intensity on average increases when municipalities have a common border. Interaction intensity data are then used to characterize the permeability of municipality borders. Among all segments of the borders of municipalities in the Russian Federation, the least permeable were selected—those for which the intensity of cross-border social interaction is the lowest. The social barriers identified in this way and their various configurations in the Russian Federation are described. Hypotheses about the reasons for the occurrence (and nonoccurrence) of such barriers are proposed. For several socially isolated groups of districts in the Khanty-Mansi and Yamalo-Nenets autonomous okrugs, possible reasons for isolation have been analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study uses data collected during three seasons of survey and excavation to examine evidence for the importation of obsidian and the production of tools, particularly blades, in the periphery of obsidian exchange spheres in the Nejapa/Tavela region of Oaxaca, Mexico. Sourcing information from X-Ray Fluorescence reveals a wide-ranging and shifting utilization of both Mexican and Guatemalan sources. Differences in the assemblages from contemporaneous sites hint at the social and political complexity of the region, which was inhabited by Zapotec, Mixe, and Chontal language speakers in multiethnic communities. Visible manufacturing errors and evidence of recovery techniques suggest that local artisans were capable producers of prismatic blades, demonstrating invaluable skills in a region where obsidian was scarce. The paucity of raw material and artisan skill is attested by relatively low frequencies of obsidian, as well as by deliberate manufacturing techniques designed to maximize the output of blades from each core. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

. Determination of the main indicators of economic growth is a key research question. In the course of solving this problem, many scientists agree that one of the drivers of economic development is interregional interaction. This article contains the results of a quantitative assessment of the role of interregional interaction for the Russian economy. The study is based on a modification of the Solow economic growth model which includes the level factor of interregional interaction. For a quantitative assessment of the effects of interregional interaction on economic development, a set of factors was determined that make it possible to assess the advantage that localization in a particular region can give to economic agents. The selected indicators have a direct impact on the potential and intensity of interregional interaction. The database for assessing the coefficients of the models and calculating the index of interregional interaction was formed on the basis of data from the website of the Federal State Statistics Service for the period from 2010 to 2018 for 83 regions of Russia. To select the best model of economic growth, considering interregional interaction, the authors evaluated different types of models: fixed effects model, time fixed effects model, random effects model, and time random effects model. The thesis about the importance of interregional interaction as one of the most important factors of production in modern Russia has found its empirical confirmation: the share of interregional interaction in ensuring the economic growth of Russian regions in the years 2015–2018 averaged 33%. The developed model of economic growth and the consideration of interregional interaction is universal and can be applied to various administrative-territorial units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents new radiocarbon dates from an excavation undertaken on the island of Kirriri in Kaurareg Country in south Western Torres Strait (northeastern Queensland). AMS radiocarbon determinations for the Kirriri 4 site places an early phase of major cultural activity to c. 2,700 to c. 2,300 cal. BP, and a more recent phase to c. 500 cal. BP. The earlier phase corresponds with the timing of the establishment of the Torres Strait Cultural Complex c. 2,500 years ago. The Kirriri 4 dating results are significant as they represent the southern-most island distribution of this cultural complex and play a key role in better understanding the nature and timing of settlement, maritime specialisation and other cultural transformation occurring in the broader region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regional settlement pattern studies in China have overlooked interregional interaction in the development of social complexity. This study examines settlement patterns, land use practices, sociopolitical structure, and interregional interaction from 4000b.c. to the early Imperial period (beforea.d.221) in the Guan River valley, China. The Guan valley is located at the inter-montane corridor to three cultural core zones in China. An international collaborative team used regional full-coverage survey to locate 96 sites in 135 km2in the Middle Guan valley, the earliest of which dated to the middle Yangshao period (4000–3500b.c.). In the late Yangshao period (3500–2900b.c.), occupation increased rapidly and expanded to the upper reach and tributaries of the river. After an occupational collapse during the Early States period (1900–771b.c.), the population recovered rapidly and reached a new level of organizational complexity in the Eastern Zhou period (770–221b.c.). This pattern continued into the Qin-Han period (220b.c.–a.d. 220), when hamlets increased in number and expanded into hilly areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estudios Atacameños is the property of Estudios Atacamenos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cross-border cooperation as a type of interregional interaction is becoming a significant factor in the development of border regions. It can be viewed as a result of intensification of cross-border contacts and greater economic openness of cross-border regions. Thus, the roots of current development are quite easy to pinpoint. However, assessment of the impact of cross-border cooperation on the development of border regions appears to be a research challenge. In this paper, we offer an approach to the assessment of the role of cross-border cooperation in the system of interregional interaction between border regions. We present a system of indices to describe cross-border specialization of interregional interaction in certain fields, namely investment, international trade, tourism, and migration. Cross-border specialization determines the role of cross-border cooperation in regional external relations. The empiric data we have gathered is used to develop and implement a pilot assessment of cross-border specialization of interregional relations which are characteristic of the border regions of the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation. The article offers cross-border specialization indices for each border region of the Northwestern Federal District. With their help, we were able to identify the spheres of interaction with the highest degree of cross-border specialization, and in particular foreign investment and business activities with the participation of foreign capital.

Cross-border cooperation as a type of interregional interaction is becoming a significant factor in the development of border regions. It can be viewed as a result of intensification of cross-border contacts and greater economic openness of cross-border regions. Thus, the roots of current development are quite easy to pinpoint. However, assessment of the impact of cross-border cooperation on the development of border regions appears to be a research challenge. In this paper, we offer an approach to the assessment of the role of cross-border cooperation in the system of interregional interaction between border regions. We present a system of indices to describe cross-border specialization of interregional interaction in certain fields, namely investment, international trade, tourism, and migration. Cross-border specialization determines the role of cross-border cooperation in regional external relations. The empiric data we have gathered is used to develop and implement a pilot assessment of cross-border specialization of interregional relations which are characteristic of the border regions of the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation. The article offers cross-border specialization indices for each border region of the Northwestern Federal District. With their help, we were able to identify the spheres of interaction with the highest degree of cross-border specialization, and in particular foreign investment and business activities with the participation of foreign capital.

The paper considers an interval model of interregional trade interaction potential, based on the combination of the input-output balance approach, the entropy equilibrium principle and the conception of universal solutions of interval optimization problems. The modeling results for the Russian Far East are cited

The paper considers an interval model of interregional trade interaction potential, based on the combination of the input-output balance approach, the entropy equilibrium principle and the conception of universal solutions of interval optimization problems. The modeling results for the Russian Far East are cited

This work addresses the issue of ceramic production during the Late Period in the ravine of Las Pitas River (Antofagasta de la Sierra micro region). From this perspective, stylistic, petrographic and chemical information are integrated. Items of local and nonlocal pottery are identified and their production patterns are characterized. Therefore, this information is supplemented with the raw materials sampled in the region and compared with compositional data of vessels and gredas of El Bolsón Valley (Belén Department), a section of the Sierra Valley of Northwest of Argentina (NOA) that shows evidence of relationships with the area of Antofagasta for this Period. Results are problematized in relation to different ways of interaction that coexisted in this zone, and it is concluded that local pottery was produced combining knowledge resulting from various regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 1898 a total of 17 rock-art sites comprising 125 determinate images have been recorded from the Mabuyag Islands (Pulu and Mabuyag) by several groups of researchers, including anthropologist A.C. Haddon, and more recently, archaeologists working in collaboration with the Goemulgal Kod. This paper provides an overview of the sites and motifs recorded and examines their role in understanding aspects of Goemulgaw social expression. Using a combination of formal and informed methods, this paper reveals how specific motifs display links to Islander mythology and ceremonial activity, while also acting as markers of interregional interaction across Torres Strait, southwestern Papua New Guinea, and Cape York. This analysis also reveals that much like rock-art from Western and Central Torres Strait, motifs from the Mabuyag Islands cross from fixed to portable mediums - an important observation used to better understand the nature of the Torres Strait graphic system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Исследование стратегий устойчивого развития национального и региональных уровней позволяет определить, что приоритетным является реформирование системы государственного регулирования с экспансией на новые идеи и управленческие инновации для создания модели современного регионального инновационного менеджмента. Разработана структурно-логическая схема формирования механизма реализации стратегии управления воспроизводственных процессов в региональной экономической системе. Предложено систему мер экономической политики пространственного сочетания нескольких прилегающей промышленных комплексов регионов в каскадную форму организации межрегионального взаимодействия с локализацией усилий на реальный сектор региональной экономики. Research strategies for sustainable development of the national and regional levels to determine what the priority is reforming the system of state regulation with expansion to new ideas and managerial innovations to create a model of a modern regional innovation management. Developed structural-logical scheme of the formation mechanism of the implementation of management strategies of reproduction processes in the regional economic system. The proposed system of economic policy measures of the spatial combination of several composite industrial complexes regions in cascade form of the organization of interregional interaction with localization efforts on the real sector of the regional economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]