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Incorporatingsustainability intocorporate strategyis not straightforward. Sustainability entails challengeswhen it comes to engaging with consumersand creates internal tensions within firms.This Work Project aims at assessing to what extent internal tensions can be influenced by firms’sustainability strategies with consumers. This is explored through a case-study research design focused on the context of Continente’s Private Label, a leading Portuguese food retailer.Qualitative research methodswere followed.Theseincludedmostlysemi-structured interviews as well asinformal conversational discussionswith employees from the Private Label. Recommendations are givenon how the firm can mitigate the tensions found.

In this interesting time that we live in, where markets and governments start to fail at their promises of prosperity for all, we are witnessing the rise of hybrid structures that pursue the contradictory objectives of social impact and business sustainability. This MA thesis identifies the tensions caused by hybridity within social enterprises, that combine organizational forms, identities and logics belonging to the business and the charity/NGO world. Such a combination undoubtedly entails intrinsic tensions that can later result in “mission drift” or “goal displacement” - which this thesis understands as a situation where a social venture starts to give less priority to either its social or commercial goal. In a second part, this thesis analyses how certain organizational & environmental features can alleviate or increase those internal tensions, and be possible sources of mission drift for the social venture. Using a qualitative approach, this research draws on interviews conducted with a diverse range of social entrepreneurs, most of whom have links with the Skoll Centre for Social Entrepreneurship network and the Acumen fund. Master [120] en Ingénieur de gestion, Université catholique de Louvain, 2017

In an analysis of factors that cause the appearance of internal tensions in in polymeric films tapes of the polygraphic applying have been presented., В статье проанализированы факторы, которые обусловливают появление внутренних напряжений в полимерных пленках полиграфического назначения., В статті наведено аналіз факторів, що обумовлюють появу внутрішніх напружень в полімерних плівках поліграфічного призначення.

The Colombian legislator of year 2000, at the time of elaborating the penal code that at the present time prevails, created a new legally protected interest, which was located in Title II of the special part of the mentioned normative body, under the denomination of “Crimes against People and Goods Protected by the Humanitarian International Law”. In such sense, one is due to understand that the conducts located in this part of the penal code go to protect of way prevalerte the values that inspire the well-known normative body like the Right Humanitarian International. Thus, in case of happening the death of a person internationally protected, one is due to understand that the punishment that not only prevails by such fact looks for to vindicate the right to the life of the victim, but that, in addition, necessarily must become an express recognition of the use and the respect due to the interests protected by the Humanitarian Right, as it is it the distinction principle, because otherwise some would not exist reason so that the legislator had created this class of punibles conducts, if he is not indeed because they go to the preservation of a new legally protected interest between us, as he is it the one of the stops interests that they sustain to the Right International of the Armed Conflicts. However, so that the crimes located in Title II of the special part of the penal code can be applied, they require that of the presence of a legal normative element of the type, as it is the existence of a situation that can be described like conflict armed, for the Colombian case, must have the character with internal. The previous thing in the measurement in which this class of penal types demands that the conduct is developed with developing occasion or of armed conflict.However, so that the crimes located in Title II of the special part of the penal code can be applied, they require that of the presence of a legal normative element of the type, as it is the existence of a situation that can be described like conflict armed, for the Colombian case, must have the character with internal. The previous thing in the measurement in which this class of penal types demands that the conduct is developed with developing occasion or of armed conflict.Being which one is a normative element, of legal character, in Colombia agreement does not exist on the existence or not of a situation that can be described like armed conflict internal, since the Executive authority denies it, whereas others affirm it. The previous situation generates one serious situation of legal insecurity, since the justice operator will be faced diverse interpretations, some of them of political content, that of necessary way will influence in the decision to take with respect to which crime to apply, if one against person or internationally protected, or on the contrary to go to the rest of the catalogue of crimes that are committed in normality state.Being a subject of legal interpretation, it corresponds to the justice operator to make the hermenéutica work, going for it to the legal sources on which it counts, for the case the normatividad that it defines what is due to understand by armed conflicto internal. El legislador colombiano del año 2000, al momento de elaborar el código penal que en la actualidad rige, creó un nuevo bien jurídico, el cual fue ubicado en el Título II de la parte especial del cuerpo normativo mencionado, bajo la denominación de “Delitos contra Personas y Bienes Protegidos por el Derecho Internacional Humanitario”. En tal sentido, se debe entender que las conductas ubicadas en esta parte del código penal se dirigen a proteger de manera prevalerte los valores que inspiran el cuerpo normativo conocido como Derecho Internacional Humanitario. Así, en caso de ocurrir la muerte de una persona internacionalmente protegida, se debe entender que el castigo que se imponga por tal hecho no sólo busca reivindicar el derecho a la vida de la víctima, sino que, además, necesariamente debe hacerse un reconocimiento expreso de la vigencia y el respeto debido a los intereses protegidos por el derecho humanitario, tal como lo es el principio de distinción, pues de lo contrario no existiría razón alguna para que el legislador hubiese creado esta clase de conductas punibles, si no es precisamente porque se dirigen a la preservación de un bien jurídico nuevo entre nosotros, como lo es el de los altos intereses que sustentan al Derecho Internacional de los Conflictos Armados.Ahora bien, para que los delitos ubicados en el Título II de la parte especial del código penal puedan ser aplicados, requieren que se de la presencia de un elemento normativo jurídico del tipo, cual es la existencia de una situación que pueda ser calificada como conflicto armado, para el caso colombiano, tendrá que revestir el carácter de interno. Lo anterior en la medida en que esta clase de tipos penales exigen que la conducta se desarrolle con ocasión o en desarrollo de conflicto armado.Siendo que se trata de un elemento normativo, de carácter jurídico, en Colombia no existe acuerdo sobre la existencia o no de una situación que pueda ser calificada como conflicto armado interno, puesto que el poder ejecutivo lo niega, mientras que otros lo afirman. La anterior situación genera una grave situación de inseguridad jurídica, puesto que el operador de justicia se verá enfrentado a diversas interpretaciones, algunas de ellas de contenido político, que de manera necesaria influirán en la decisión a tomar respecto a cuál delito aplicar, si uno contra persona o bien internacionalmente protegido, o por el contrario acudir al resto del catálogo de delitos que se cometen en estado de normalidad.Siendo un tema de interpretación jurídica, corresponde al operador de justicia realizar la labor hermenéutica, acudiendo para ello a las fuentes jurídicas con las que cuenta, para el caso la normatividad que define qué se debe entender por conflicto armado interno.

Colombia is a State that have international obligations, because of the signature of some treatments that talk about respect and preservation of the norms belongs to Humane international law. In thisway, Colombia have in their internal law, some norms dedicated to protect and preserve the same normative body called. The answer to resolve consist in define what could happen in the international responsibility subject if the Colombian State broke norms belongs to Humane international law, or, if having in his internal State order norms to preserve it, do not apply the correct and opportune answer. Colombia es un Estado que se encuentra obligado internacionalmente debido a la suscripción de varios convenios y tratados relativos al respeto y preservación de las normas pertenecientes al denominado Derecho Internacional Humanitario. Así mismo, internamente cuenta con una serie de normas que se dirigen a la preservación del mismo cuerpo normativo mencionado. La pregunta a resolver radica en procurar establecer qué puede ocurrir en materia de responsabilidad internacional si el Estado colombiano vulnera normas pertenecientes al Derecho Internacional Humanitario o, si teniendo a su disposición en el ordenamiento interno normas para preservarlo, no les da la aplicación debida y oportuna.

Revision of the method for calculation of electrocrystallization stresses by deformation of a band cathode proposed by M. J. Popereka [1-3] is suggested. Use of a during the coating process freely deforming rectangular plate cathode clamped in the limited region of the edge (see Fig.2) is proposed for rise precision.