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This article examines the pivotal role of immigration for subnational units, focusing on their efforts to retain immigrants. In the global competition for 'wanted' immigrants, subnational governments have developed innovative immigration-related programmes tailored to their demographic, economic, and linguistic needs. While previous research has mainly focused on the selection of international immigrants, this study delves into subnational efforts to keeping immigrants 'in'. Using Canadian provinces as a case study, and through a qualitative content analysis of policy documents and immigration schemes, this article asks: To what extent do Canadian provinces compete to retain immigrants? The analysis reveals 'subnational competitive immigration regimes', wherein subnational units take policy actions to not only attract immigrants but influence or hinder their internal mobility. Downstream, provinces employ settlement and integration services to encourage retention. Upstream, provinces fine-tune their selection streams to choose migrants who are deemed more likely to stay. Policy outputs reveal how 'wanted immigrants' are conceptualized at the subnational level: those who can demonstrate a commitment to staying, rather than solely those who fulfil economic and demographic needs. The results shed light on the interplay between international immigration policies and immigrants' internal mobility, and emphasize the significance of subnational policy in retaining immigrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Choosing a university major is a crucial decision that significantly impacts the professional and personal future of students. However, various factors can influence the initially chosen career not to fit the student's expectations or interests, which may lead them to consider a career change. At the Universidad Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí (ULEAM) Chone Extension, this phenomenon is not exceptional. With the intention of deepening the understanding of the reasons and patterns underlying these changes in career choice, an exhaustive study has been carried out that aims to analyze in detail the fields of knowledge and the careers of origin and destination. recurring in these transitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subject of this paper is the mobility research in Europe focused on the COVID-19 pandemic, and the aim is to give a comparative overview on the used methods and datasets of the literature and identify research gaps.

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of professional development, employment and academic career in the USA. It is emphasized that for the successful development of an academic career, it is necessary to apply a systematic approach, in particular, to take into account personal development, continuous learning and career management. The practice of the American National Association for Career Development is considered, the prerequisites and resources for career growth are determined. Presented are practical tools for self-assessment and diagnosis of career paths, an opportunity for researchers at various career stages to participate in a mentoring program for leadership development, sharing experiences, planning and achieving goals, supporting continuous career growth and lifelong learning. The article analyzes the experience of organizing professional development and of support for career of employees in leading USA universities: Harvard University, Stanford University, and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Attention is focused on the joint mission of the institutions, which consists in the value for human capital development through the comprehensive realization of the potential of each individual, the creation of favourable conditions for life and professional growth, decent financial support and career growth prospects. It is noted that the main trends in the development of the academic career and employment of graduates of the mentioned institutions in the USA include internal mobility, professional development, continuous training and professional development, organization and activity of professional networks, career coaching, mentoring program.

While the importance of residential moves and neighborhood context for children is widely recognized, few studies examine childhood mobility and neighborhood context together and over time. Using a typology of mobility trajectories based on frequency, age, distance and change in population density, this study analyzes the interrelatedness between mobility trajectories and socioeconomic neighborhood composition throughout childhood. Using full-population register data, we follow children born in the Netherlands in 1999 until age 16. Local spatial autocorrelation analyses reveal concentrations of childhood mobility and neighborhood deprivation in cities. Focusing on children born in metropolitan areas, results indicate that children born in deprived neighborhoods are more likely to experience any move. Short-distance moves are associated with increased exposure and long-distance moves with less exposure to neighborhood deprivation. We argue we need a multidimensional longitudinal perspective to fully capture residential contexts to which children are exposed and enhance knowledge of childhood accumulations of disadvantage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subject of this paper is the mobility research in Europe focused on the COVID-19 pandemic, and the aim is to give a comparative overview on the used methods and datasets of the literature and identify research gaps. The method is based on the methodological literature review method. The source of the reviewed literature is the EBSCO online database. The literature based on the analysed territorial level can be classified. Results show the levels of research are city, national and complex levels. Most research is based on secondary data. Spatial indicators are relevant at a national level. Research gaps have been found in terms of time and space. The existing literature based on the analysed territorial level can be classified. Results show there are 3 levels of research; city, national and complex levels, and most research is based on secondary data, primary data collection is relevant only on a city level. Spatial indicators are common on a national level. Research gaps have been found in terms of time and space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of professional development, employment and academic career in the USA. It is emphasized that for the successful development of an academic career, it is necessary to apply a systematic approach, in particular, to take into account personal development, continuous learning and career management. The practice of the American National Association for Career Development is considered, the prerequisites and resources for career growth are determined. Presented are practical tools for self-assessment and diagnosis of career paths, an opportunity for researchers at various career stages to participate in a mentoring program for leadership development, sharing experiences, planning and achieving goals, supporting continuous career growth and lifelong learning. The article analyzes the experience of organizing professional development and of support for career of employees in leading USA universities: Harvard University, Stanford University, and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Attention is focused on the joint mission of the institutions, which consists in the value for human capital development through the comprehensive realization of the potential of each individual, the creation of favourable conditions for life and professional growth, decent financial support and career growth prospects. It is noted that the main trends in the development of the academic career and employment of graduates of the mentioned institutions in the USA include internal mobility, professional development, continuous training and professional development, organization and activity of professional networks, career coaching, mentoring program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is limited research that examines the employment-related geographical mobility (E-RGM) of journeypersons in the construction industry. Such an investigation is important because migration can help reduce labour shortages and surpluses and allow journeypersons to obtain gainful employment. In this paper we investigate the E-RGM of construction industry journeypersons. Drawing on data from the Education and Labour Market Longitudinal Platform (ELMLP) from 2008 to 2016, we find that while Ontario and Alberta gain the most migrants, the Atlantic region has more than 30% of its workforce that engages in E-RGM. Of the most mobile trades are steamfitters and pipefitters, ironworkers, and construction trade helpers and labourers. Moreover, those who are married, immigrants, and women are less likely to engage in E-RGM than are single journeypersons, non-immigrants, and men. Red Seal trades or endorsements were associated with greater mobility; however, whether journeypersons were registered in their province of residence was the greatest predictor of mobility. This finding suggests that while Red Seal programs have succeeded in creating standardised expectations across provinces and territories, place of residence has important implications for E-RGM of construction industry journeypersons. These findings point to the need for more research that examines the root causes of migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of WISTA Wirtschaft und Statistik is the property of Statistisches Bundesamt and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents a novel approach to support career management by recommending job–employee matches within an organization through data-driven insights. We build a recommender system to propose matches. The presented approach extends upon a conventional collaborative filtering recommender system, which suggests matches based on the historic performance similarities of employees. To address the prevalent challenge of the cold start issue in internal placement, we incorporate personal employee data with a similarity-based regularization term. This regularization term finds latent representations that are closer to each other when employees share similar personal features. This approach is evaluated using three real-life datasets and demonstrates a highly competitive performance compared to state-of-the-art benchmark methods. Overall, we make three contributions to the field of HR analytics: (i) we present a comprehensive survey of job–employee recommender systems in the context of internal mobility, (ii) we implement a similarity regularization method, and (iii) we release a first-of-its-kind HR dataset on internal mobility. All code and public data used in this study are available on GitHub. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moving during childhood is an important life event that is often stressful and potentially disruptive. With the majority of existing studies on childhood internal mobility using a one‐dimensional measure of mobility and focusing on the total population, there is still limited knowledge on differential childhood mobility patterns for children of different migrant origins. In this study, we acknowledge the multidimensional nature of mobility by covering frequency, timing, distance, and change in place type to understand internal mobility patterns for children aged 0–16 without and with different second‐generation migrant backgrounds. Internal mobility is analysed for children born in the Netherlands between 1995 and 2003 using longitudinal full population register data. K‐means cluster analysis reveals five types of mobility: nearby preschool‐aged, nearby school‐aged, long‐distance to more densely populated areas, long‐distance to less densely populated areas, and frequent movers. Results of multinomial logistic regressions show that having a second‐generation migrant background increases the likelihood of being in any of the mobility clusters and reveals variation in types of mobility patterns for different migrant origin groups. We conclude that childhood mobility patterns are diverse and overall more often experienced by children of second‐generation migrant origin potentially adding to a more vulnerable situation and inequality over the life course. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internal mobility often depends on predicting future job satisfaction, for such employees subject to internal mobility programs. In this study, we compared the predictive power of different classes of models, i.e., (i) traditional Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), with two families of Machine Learning algorithms: (ii) regressors, specifically least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) for feature selection and (iii) classifiers, specifically Bagging meta-model with the k-nearest neighbors algorithm (k-NN) as a base estimator. Our aim is to investigate which method better predicts job satisfaction for 348 employees (with operational duties) and 35 supervisors in the training set, and 79 employees in the test set, all subject to internal mobility programs in a large Italian banking group. Results showed average predictive power for SEM and Bagging k-NN (accuracy between 61 and 66%; F1 scores between 0.51 and 0.73). Both SEM and Lasso algorithms highlighted the predictive power of resistance to change and orientation to relation in all models, together with other personality and motivation variables in different models. Theoretical implications are discussed for using these variables in predicting successful job relocation in internal mobility programs. Moreover, these results showed how crucial it is to compare methods coming from different research traditions in predictive Human Resources analytics.

In the current age, where the anti-migration politics are widespread and border security is at the center of migration policies, the right to mobility is discussed mainly within the framework of international migration processes and in relation to border regulations. Yet, the COVID19 pandemic which spread rapidly around the world since February 2020 has been followed by governmental restrictions against mobility, and put the issue of the right to mobility back to the agenda of the policy makers and public opinion. This article examines the development of the right to internal mobility and right to leave from a historical perspective, focusing on the normative foundations in political thought. The article argues that mainly in liberal democratic countries, freedom of internal mobility has developed as a human right following the Enlightenment period, nevertheless, it was also coupled with a closer scrutiny of the modern state towards its citizens, and an increasing closure of the international borders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the relationship of site experience (i.e. time employees work at a particular company site), a key aspect of work experience that has been overlooked, to job performance. In addition, it tests two moderators that are predicted to affect this relationship. We approximated job performance using commissions on sales earned by 3398 employees of a large Spanish bank. Data were collected in 2005 and 2012 and were structured as a panel to allow longitudinal analysis. Results indicate that the effects of site experience on job performance depict an inverted U. Job complexity and organizational experience moderate this relationship. The study concludes with empirical, theoretical and practical contributions, as well as directions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the relation between incidence of Covid (as measured by results of PCR and AG testing) and internal mobility of population among the districts in Slovakia in the period of 2020 – 2021. Based on data from the Slovak Statistical Office and the National Centre of Medical Information the correlation between particular types of testing is analysed. By using regression analysis of aggregated annual and monthly data for individual districts the relation between results of testing and gross migration balance in individual districts is explored. The results point to existence of correlation between the numbers of PCR and AG tests done which is statistically important and positive (a positive correlation suggests that PCR and AG testing are complementary processes i.e. there is no substitution of one testing method over another) albeit rather low (from 0.5 for absolute number of tests to 0.3 for standardized number of tests for 1000 persons). Analogically the correlation of share of positive results over the overall number of AG and PCR tests in individual districts from November 2020 to April 2021 has been explored. The shares are also importantly statistically positively correlated albeit the correlation coefficient value is very low – 0.14 – which indicates differences in levels of reliability of these types of testing (especially the low AG testing reliability). The regression analysis confirms a statistically important relation between the test results (as measured by standardized numbers of positive, respectively negative tests) and the gross migration balance in individual districts. However, these results cannot be causatively analysed as yet owing to the short time series of currently available data. As for now it is only possible to ascertain the existence of a statistically important relation and expect the results of testing to be a competent predictor of internal mobility of people between Slovak districts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between immigration flows and internal mobility in Italy is investigated for the period 2003–11. Using semiparametric negative binomial gravity models with smooth spatio-temporal trends, and dealing with endogeneity issues through an instrumental variables approach, evidence is provided of a significant negative (or displacement) effect of new foreign immigrants on the internal mobility of foreign citizens and of Italian citizens with a low educational level, as well as a significant positive (or complementarity) effect of new foreign immigrants on the internal mobility of Italian citizens with a high educational level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spatial concentration of immigrants has become a concern for local administrations in most European countries, as it is perceived as an obstacle to their better integration in host societies. Indian immigration to Italy began in the 1960s, but large-scale immigration of unskilled labour from Punjab and Haryana (North-West Indian states) began during the 1990s. This influx was formed by young men who entered Italy in search of economic opportunities and then concentrated spatially in the economically active regions. In this paper, using the municipal registers of inhabitants (Anagrafe), the residence permits records and the 2011 census data, firstly, I made a spatial analysis (LISA) of the settlement pattern of Indian immigrants in Italy; second, I explored the internal mobility pattern (through a gravity model) of Indian immigrants compared to other immigrant groups during 2005–2015; and finally, I studied the impact of the recent economic crisis on Indian immigration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The labour market in Romania is under the pressure of divergent factors, at the intersection of the labour demand and supply determinants. This paper is focusing on quantitative and qualitative analysis of the labour market in Romania, trying to identify its imbalances and to find ways for their mitigation considering the main trends, including the European labour market developments. From the perspective of the labour supply, despite massive emigration, is found that Romania still has an important human potential including an unused workforce reserve, but the performances of the education and training should improve for increasing the quality of competences and skills needed on the labour market. Looking at the demand for labour force, although under the circumstances of the lack of information for an accurate assessment, starting with 2012, as a general trend, the number of jobs created exceeded the number of job vacancies, the new created companies, with a higher degree of technology and more competitive, having significantly contributed to the increase in the employment rate. However, imbalances between the labour demand and supply have emerged and are growing, likely to become a severe obstacle hindering the development of Romania in the medium and long term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the labour market in Romania became more and more tense, with growing labour shortages affecting the development of many important sectors. This paper is focusing on the labour market imbalances, specifying the main landmarks of labour shortages and highlighting their conditions of emergence and the generating factors for each type of their manifestation. Even if some imbalances has been reported long before, the existence and persistence of quantitative and qualitative labour shortages in Romania became obvious only recently, also under the circumstances of the warning signals of academia and business environment. Among the causes of this growing labour shortages and mismatches are the unfavourable demographic trends, the massive external migration of the skilled and high skilled labour force, the low level of the participation rate, the high inactivity rate, the quantitative and qualitative discrepancies between the supply of the education system and the real needs of the labour market, the size of undeclared work that continues to distort the labour market, the lack of cooperation between employers and institutions with responsibilities in the field employment and professional training of adults. The case study conducted on the IT&C sector, a growing sector in Romania, led to the conclusion that, despite its was claimed by the decision makers as strategic priority, the labour shortages in the sector remains high, being likely to maintain in the near future in the absence of promoting adequate support measures. Under the circumstances of Coronavirus global outbreak early 2020, the effects on the labour market in Romania are difficult to predict, the quantitative and qualitative shortages alleviation depending on the ability of the authorities to manage the crisis and to find the right responses, including by redirecting the returned migrant workers towards the domestic labour market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Family mobility is not usually considered in the context of internal migrations. However, the data show that there are characteristics of municipalities that determine how families move and distribute themselves. The analysis of the associations between population, family characteristics, and changes in migratory flows of 308 municipalities, based on the 2011 census information, reflects on family mobility in Portugal, highlighting the differentiating aspects. The associations found, under two territorial scales, allow emphasizing different territorial dynamics with respect to the phenomena of attraction and repulsion, associated with the displacement or permanence of the population in the territories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mobility flows of university students between Spanish Autonomous Communities have been scarcely tackled in the geographical research. This article try to fill this gap, adding the issue of student mobility to that of residential variations linked to labour market, family and leisure. Therefore it incorporates the study of another geographical mobilities exposing the attractiveness or rejection capacity of certain spaces thanks to the data on tertiary students from the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport and youth population from the National Statistics Institute. The most significant finds demonstrate the trend to a slight increase of student mobility in the recent years and a territorial logic not coincidental with the main directions of the residential migrations. In any case, it reveals an unequal strength to attract and emit flows of students in the years under examination and an unaltered process despite the foundation of new universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We analyse the impact of temporary foreign workers (TFWs) and permanent immigrants on interprovincial mobility in Canada. Empirical results are analysed through the lens of a theoretical model that incorporates a job-matching framework in a migration model à la Harris and Todaro. The effect of the inflow of TFWs in interprovincial mobility is negative, substantial and significant. This is not the case for the inflow of permanent immigrants selected through the Canadian point system. The robustness of these empirical results to issues of endogeneity is assessed through a classical instrumentation approach as well as through a diff-in-diff analysis taking advantage of a pilot project facilitating the admission of TFWs in two Western provinces over the 2007-2010 period. Our paper suggests that, in general, the impact of immigration on labour market conditions depends critically on the way immigration policy is set. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The principal group of the immigrants origin in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona are the Latin Americans. Geographically, their territorial insertion is characterized by the existence of the lower levels of residential segregation. Yet, some spaces of localized concentration are to be seen, preferably in the municipalities of the first metropolitan crown. There are objectives of this project, characterize socio-demographically the group of Latin-Americans that inhabit in this area of concentration and analyze the effects of the internal immigration in the conformation of this space. We work at inframunicipal level using the Population and Housing Census of 2011. The results achieved by the study, reveals an association between the socio-demographical characteristics of the individuals and their place of residence. And this particular spaces are built on the basis of internal mobility, dominating the displacements of the centre of the city to the first metropolitan crown. In contrast, spaces of medium concentration are identified in the historical centre of the central city, where the weight of migrations are coming directly from the foreign domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We develop and test predictions on how early career challenges arising from the workplace context affect short- and long-term career advancement of individuals. Typically an organization's decision to deploy a manager to one of several possible contexts is endogenous to unobservable factors, and selection makes it challenging to disentangle the effect of workplace context on individual career advancement. We work around this problem by studying an organization, the Indian Administrative Services, which deploys entry-level managers quasirandomly across India. We find that managers deployed to more challenging contexts early in their careers experience faster career advancement in the short term. We present suggestive evidence that this is because challenging contexts provide managers more opportunities to develop skills ('crucible experiences'), and a greater motivation to relocate out of the challenging context. We also find that managers deployed to a challenging context early in their careers continue to experience faster advancement in the long term, suggesting that initial deployment to a challenging context is associated with human capital development. Managers initially deployed to more challenging contexts were not, however, more likely to break into the upper echelons of the organization. The e-companion is available at . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sociologia, Problemas e Práticas is the property of Centro de Investigacao e Estudos de Sociologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)