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Objectives The aim of this investigation was to evaluate whether Class II malocclusion in adult patients can be successfully corrected using a completely customized lingual appliance (CCLA) in combination with Class II elastics. Methods In order to detect differences in the final treatment outcome, two groups were matched for age and gender. Treatment results of 40 adult orthodontic patients with a Class I malocclusion (Group 1) were compared to 40 adults with a Class II malocclusion (Group 2). All patients had completed treatment with a CCLA (WIN, DW Lingual Systems, Bad Essen, Germany) without known centric occlusion—centric relation discrepancies, issues of compliance, or overcorrection in the individual treatment plan which was defined by a target set-up. In order to compare the treatment results of the two groups, 7 measurements using the American Board of Orthodontics Model Grading System (ABO MGS) and linear measurements for anterior-posterior (AP) and vertical dimensions were assessed at the start of lingual treatment (T1), after debonding (T2B) and compared to the individual target set-up (T2A). Results A statistically significant AP correction was achieved in Group 2 which represented 95% of the planned amount. The planned overbite correction was fully achieved in the Class I and Class II group. In both groups, there was a statistically significant improvement in the ABO scores, with no significant difference between the two groups at T2. 100% of the patients in Group 2 and 92.5% in Group 1 would meet the ABO standards after CCLA treatment. Limitations The main limitation of this study is that only patients who were wearing the elastics as prescribed were retrospectively included. Therefore, the results of this study may have limited generalizability. Conclusions Completely customized lingual appliances in combination with Class II elastics can correct a Class II malocclusion successfully in adult patients. The final treatment outcome can be of a similar high quality in Class I and Class II patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Correct selection of the dimension of orthodontic elastics, knowledge of their characteristics, monitoring of released forces at different time intervals, and good cooperation with patients are required for successful orthodontic treatment. During orthodontic therapy, elastics lose their initial strength due to various physical and chemical factors that change their structure. The purpose of this study is to determine, through the analysis different types of elastics (latex and non-latex) and different brands to get information which types of elastics and which brands offer better stability during the different times of the force degradation. Material and method: To realize the set goals, a selection of three brands of elastics was chosen (Forestadent, American Orthodontics and Dentaurum) and two types of elastics from each brand (latex and non-latex). All elastics were the same diameter 4.8mm and medium force of 128g. Every group (24 groups) is consisted of 10 samples for every time interval of 0h, 12h, 24h and 48h (total of 240 elastics). The elastics were stretched to a 3D printed custom board with pins in distance of 15mm which later the elastics were taken out after the time interval to measure their force on Shimadzu Autograph AGS-X universal tester machine with pins in distance of 15mm. The degradation force was compared in the four different time intervals with repetitive measure tests (Post hoc / Bonferroni test). Results: there was significant difference of force degradation between the latex and non latex groups, between the three type of brands and between the different time intervals of every cross examination of the groups. Latex elastics are clearly more stable overtime than non-latex elastics in every brand, Dentaurum showed higher value results in both latex and non-latex elastics. Conclusion: It is recommended to change the latex elastics every 24h and the non-latex elastics every 12h of use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Clinical Orthodontics is the property of Dental Press International and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Clinical Orthodontics is the property of Dental Press International and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: This study aimed to compare the force degradation of intermaxillary elastics (IE) in vitro and in vivo while stretching the IE to a precise diameter., Materials and Methods: IE 3/16″ medium Dentaurum from five different batches of packaging were analyzed. The in vivo study involved 10 volunteers, of which 100 IE were examined. To achieve three times the original diameter of the elastic, the distance between the upper canine and the lower dental arch was measured. Buttons were then placed in the mouth accordingly, and IE and passive aligners were inserted for five sessions of 48 h each. To investigate in vitro, 100 IE were placed in an incubator set at 37°C in a humid environment and stretched three times their diameter. The force of the elastics was measured in both investigations using a force meter at 0, 2, 8, 24, and 48 h., Results: In all patients except one, the three times diameter distance extended from the upper canine to the lower second premolar. The force degradation in vivo at 2, 8, 24, and 48 h was 20.58%, 26.78%, 34.81%, and 38.56% and in vitro was 16.38%, 22.83%, 28.32%, and 30.78%., Conclusions: The amount of stretching of IE varies for each patient when using standard insertion points. The force of IE decreases exponentially, the force degradation in vivo being higher. The clinician must consider the force decrease when advising the patient of the time interval to change the elastics., (© 2025 The Author(s). Clinical and Experimental Dental Research published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Class II malocclusion is one of the most common dental anomalies and the use of intermaxillary elastomers is the standard method in its treatment. However, orthodontic elastics cannot exert continuous force over a period of time due to force degradation. Our goal was to mechanically characterize the different types of elastomers during static and cyclic loads, based on uniform methodology and examine the morphological changes after loading. Ten types of latex-containing and four latex-free intermaxillary elastics were examined from six different manufacturers. To determine the mechanical characteristics of the elastomers, tensile tests, cyclical tensile fatigue tests and 24 h relaxation tests were performed, and the elastics were also subjected to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy. Regardless of the manufacturer, the latex-containing elastomers did not show significant differences in the percentage of elongation at break during the tensile test. Only one type of latex-containing elastomer did not tear during the 24 h cyclical fatigue test. Fatigue was confirmed by electron microscopy images, and the pulling force reduced significantly. During the force relaxation test, only one latex-free ligature was torn; the force degradation was between 7.8% and 20.3% for latex ligatures and between 29.6% and 40.1% for latex-free elastomers. The results showed that dynamic loading was more damaging to ligatures than static loading, latex-containing elastomers were more resistant than latex-free elastics, and which observation could have clinical consequences or a potential effect on patient outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This report describes the case of a 12-year-old female patient with a long mandible experiencing difficulty chewing with the right molar. Considering the age of the patient, bone-anchored maxillary protraction using four miniplates placed below the maxillary zygomatic arch and anterior symphysis of the mandible and Class III intermaxillary elastics were planned. After 12 months, orthodontic treatment was initiated. After extraction of the impacted maxillary right second premolar and mandibular right second primary molar, protraction of the mandibular right molars was performed using a miniplate placed on the anterior part of the mandible as an anchor. Miniscrews were placed in the left posterior part of the mandible to improve the molar relationship and correct the dental midline through distalization of the mandibular left posterior teeth. We reported successful sequential comprehensive nonsurgical treatment in an adolescent with skeletal Class III malocclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main characteristic of orthodontic intermaxillary elastics is the generated force. Therefore, it is necessary to know the exact properties of elastics for clinical use and their force degradation over time. Methods: A total of 500 latex elastics of the type 3/16” Medium from the manufacturers Dentaurum, American Orthodontics, 3M, Ortho Organizers, and G&H Orthodontics were tested; 100 elastics from each. The force was measured with a force meter at time 0 and at 2, 8, 24, and 48 h. Elastics were stored being stretched three times on a 3D-printed board in an incubator at 37 °C and under controlled humidity. Shapiro–Wilk normality tests, ANOVA tests, and Bonferroni post hoc tests were used. Results: The mean initial force among the manufacturers ranged from 1.109 N to 1.550 N, with Dentaurum elastics being the closest to the declared force of 1.255 newton. The greatest force degradation occurred during the first two hours; the decrease in force within 24 h ranged from 20% to 33% among the manufacturers. The maximum decrease was observed for American Orthodontics elastics. The smallest decrease occurred between 2 and 8 h for 3M, and between 24 and 48 h for Ortho Organizers. Conclusion: Intermaxillary 3/16” Medium elastics measured in vitro differ in initial force and force degradation among individual manufacturers. The attending clinician must be aware of the basic parameters of the elastics when recommending them to patients, and measuring the initial force directly in the patient’s mouth with a force meter might be helpful.

To evaluate skeletal, dentoalveolar, and soft tissue changes between intraoral light force application and extraoral heavy force application in growing patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted with pretreatment and posttreatment lateral cephalometric data from 50 subjects with skeletal Class III malocclusion. In the first group (15 boys, 10 girls; 8.67 ± 2.13 years old), each subject wore a biocreative horseshoe appliance (CHS) with two Class III elastics that exerted a force of 200 g. In the second group (13 boys, 12 girls; 8.96 ± 1.82 years old), each subject wore a Petit-type facemask and a lingual arch with hooks fixed to the maxillary arch with a total force of 700 g. Both groups of patients were instructed to wear the appliance approximately 14 hours a day, and 22 linear measurements and 8 angular measurements were evaluated. Changes of measurements from each group were compared by paired t-tests, considering a 5% significance level. Forward growth of the maxilla, improvement of the maxilla–mandible relationship, and upper incisor flaring were achieved in both groups without any statistically significant difference between them. Lateral cephalometric analysis also showed that U1 exposure, IMPA (Angle between mandibular plane and mandibular incisor axis), FMIA (Angle between FH plan and mandibular incisor axis), and L1-APog (Angle formed by the intersection of tooth axis of lower incisor and A-Pog line, Distance from lower incisor edge to A-Pog line) showed statistically significant differences. Lower incisors were inclined lingually in the CHS group. During treatment of skeletal Class III malocclusion, the CHS with light Class III intermaxillary elastics therapy exhibits similar orthopedic changes to the maxillary complex and more dental changes to the lower anterior teeth compared with facemask therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To assess the influence of 0.12% chlorhexidine solution (CHX) in the strength degradation of different intermaxillary latex and non-latex elastics. Materials and methods: Eighty ¼ inch elastics were separated into eight groups (n = 10) according to manufacturers (Morelli™ and American Orthodontics™), elastic's type (latex and non-latex) and storage solution (artificial saliva and CHX). Each sample was extended to 19.2 mm, corresponding to 3x the size of their inner diameter, and initial force was verified on the universal testing machine. The elastics were then kept extended, immersed in artificial saliva and their strength was once again evaluated in the following period of time: 12 and 24 hours. Following the storage period, elastics of CHX groups were immersed for 1 min into PerioGard (0.12% chlorhexidine solution) before the strength evaluation. The data (gf) was submitted to a three-way repeated measure analysis of variance and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). Results: Significant differences between elastics and time were observed (p < 0.000). Statistically significant reduction in strength was found in non-latex and latex elastics between the initial condition and after 12 h and 24 h (p < 0.05). The non-latex elastics showed statistically higher degradation values than the latex elastics, in the three analysis times (p < 0.05). No statistical difference was found between saliva and CHX, regardless of the time and elastic type (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Generally, the latex elastics showed less strength degradation compared to non-latex elastics. CHX did not affect strength degradation and time influenced strength degradation in the first 12 hours, keeping practically constant for up to 24 hours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Kieferorthopädie: die Zeitschrift für die Praxis is the property of Quintessenz Verlags GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Class III malocclusion is a challenging dental and skeletal condition characterized by a protrusive mandible, retrusive maxilla, or a combination of both. Treatment options include growth modification, orthodontic camouflage, and orthognathic surgery. While surgery often provides definitive results for severe cases, orthodontic camouflage is a viable alternative for managing mild to moderate skeletal discrepancies in adults. This case report illustrates the successful use of orthodontic camouflage in a 19-year-old female with skeletal and dental class III malocclusion, emphasizing nonsurgical strategies to achieve functional and aesthetic improvements. The patient presented with concerns about her bite and facial profile. Clinical examination revealed a concave profile, prominent mandible, and class III molar and canine relationships with a negative overjet. The radiographic analysis confirmed a skeletal class III relationship (ANB angle of -2°) and normal vertical growth patterns. The chosen nonsurgical treatment plan involved fixed orthodontic appliances and class III intermaxillary elastics to correct the malocclusion and improve facial aesthetics. The treatment phases included initial alignment, class III elastic application to adjust the occlusion, and detailed finishing to refine results. After 20 months, the treatment resulted in a positive overjet, class I molar and canine relationships, and improved facial aesthetics with reduced mandibular prominence. The patient expressed satisfaction with both functional and aesthetic outcomes. This case demonstrates that orthodontic camouflage can effectively manage mild to moderate class III malocclusion in non-growing patients. Successful outcomes depend on precise treatment planning, patient compliance, and regular monitoring. While surgical options remain necessary for severe cases, orthodontic camouflage provides a less invasive alternative for suitable patients, significantly improving dental function and facial aesthetics., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Gilani et al.)

This report describes the case of a 12-year-old female patient with a long mandible experiencing difficulty chewing with the right molar. Considering the age of the patient, bone-anchored maxillary protraction using four miniplates placed below the maxillary zygomatic arch and anterior symphysis of the mandible and Class III intermaxillary elastics were planned. After 12 months, orthodontic treatment was initiated. After extraction of the impacted maxillary right second premolar and mandibular right second primary molar, protraction of the mandibular right molars was performed using a miniplate placed on the anterior part of the mandible as an anchor. Miniscrews were placed in the left posterior part of the mandible to improve the molar relationship and correct the dental midline through distalization of the mandibular left posterior teeth. We reported successful sequential comprehensive nonsurgical treatment in an adolescent with skeletal Class III malocclusion.

Objectives: To evaluate the influence of text messages on cooperation of Class II patients with the use of intermaxillary elastics. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 42 orthodontic patients (20 males and 22 females) aged between 14 and 34 years. They were randomly divided into one of the following two groups: a control group with 21 patients who did not receive messages and an experimental group with 21 patients who received motivational and reminder text messages. Messages were sent twice a week for a period of 3 months. The patients were instructed to wear the elastics all day, removing them only during meals and replacing them daily. All patients were instructed regarding the importance of cooperation. Measurements were performed with a digital caliper on plaster models at the beginning of elastics wear (T1) and 3 months later (T2). For intragroup and intergroup comparisons between T1 and T2, paired and unpaired t-tests, respectively, were used with a significance level of 5%. Results: Statistically significant differences were observed in the intra- and intergroup comparisons between T1 and T2. Both groups showed a decrease in the sagittal distance between upper and lower arches from T1 to T2, demonstrating the effective use of elastics. However, the experimental group showed a Class II correction that was 3.7 times greater than the control group (P = .001). Conclusions: Text messages had a positive influence on the cooperation of patients regarding the use of intermaxillary elastics in the orthodontic treatment of Class II malocclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study aimed to compare the effectiveness of fixed appliance treatments used in combination with Forsus or intermaxillary elastics among Class II subdivision subjects. The study is undertaken among 28 Class II subdivision patients divided into two groups by matched randomization and on lateral cephalograms and digital models acquired before orthodontic treatment. The results of the study show that Forsus is more effective for correcting Class II malocclusion.

Aim:Intermaxillary elastics, which are frequently used in fixed orthodontic treatment, cause pain and discomfort and this affects patients' cooperation negatively. The aim of this study is to evaluate pain levels during intermaxillary elastic use for the first time.Subjects and Methods:Sixteen orthodontic patients (9 girls, 7 boys; mean age 16.21 ± 3.01) whom were to use intermaxillary elastics for the first time agreed to participate to the present study. A visual analog scale form was given to each patient to measure the subjective pain levels. After the collection of the forms, pain levels were measured on the forms by the same investigator using a digital caliper. Data evaluation was made with descriptive statistical analysis.Results:The pain level was started to increase two hours after the elastic application. The highest pain level was achieved at 6th hour and the same night. The pain level was started to decrease at the day 2 and at the day 7 only a few patients reported that they had still pain. The pain perception during biting was felt at the posterior teeth more than the anterior teeth.Conclusion:As a conclusion, the patients should be informed about the pain during intermaxillary elastic use and analgesic use for the first 3–4 days is strongly recommended to increase cooperation.

Aims: To investigate the possible relationship between the orthodontic treatment of Class II malocclusion and the development of temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Methods: A total of 40 patients was evaluated at four time points: the day before the start of treatment employing bilateral Class II elastics (baseline), as well as at 24 hours, 1 week, and 1 month after the start of treatment. The development of TMD pain complaints in the orofacial region and changes in the range of mouth opening were assessed at these times. Shapiro-Wilk, McNemar, and Friedman tests with 5% significance level were used to analyze the data. Results: The treatment produced pain of a transitory, moderate intensity, but there was no significant change from baseline after 1 month. There were no restrictions in the range of jaw motion or any evidence of limitations in mouth opening. Conclusion: Orthodontic treatment with bilateral Class II elastics does not cause significant orofacial pain or undesirable changes in the range of mouth opening. Furthermore, this modality of orthodontic treatment was not responsible for inducing TMD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Treatment of midline deviation should be started with clinical diagnosis. Clinical patient examination and diagnostic records, such as posterior-anterior radiographs, submen-tovertex radiographs and panoramic radiographs, compose the diagnostic methods. Several intra-arch and inter-arch mechanics can be used as well as multidisciplinary modalities consisting of orthognatic surgery in the treatment of midline deviation. Paying less attention to the treatment of midline deviation at the initial phase would cause ideal treatment of the case impossible. Achieving symmetrical skeletal and dental relationships with functional occlusion should be the aim. In this article, etiology, diagnosis and treatment of the midline deviations are discussed.

The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the Eureka Spring (ES) appliance as a compliance-free alternative to intermaxillary elastics in the treatment of Class II malocclusions. The study was carried out with the measurements on pre- and post-treatment lateral cephalograms of 44 patients with Class II malocclusion who were treated with ES or intermaxillary elastics. Independent-samples t-test was used to evaluate differences between two groups. Paired-samples t-tests were used to evaluate pre- and post-treatment changes over time. It was determined that the ANB angle and overjet decreased significantly (p<0.01); and the SNB, SN/ Occ, L1/NB angle (p<0.05) and L1/Go-Gn angle (p<0.01) increased significantly in both of the groups. While the increase of SNB angle was more in the ES group (p<0.05), increase of L1/Go-Gn angle was more in the intermaxillary elastic group (p<0.05). Based on the results in this study, it can be concluded that the ES appliance shows similar effects with intermaxillary elastics and may be preferred as an alternative treatment especially for noncompliant patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this case report is to describe the treatment of a patient with skeletal Class 111 malocclusion with maxillary retrognathia using skeletal anchorage devices and intermaxillary elastics. Miniplates were inserted between the mandibular lateral incisor and canine teeth on both sides in a male patient aged 14 years 5 months. Self-drilling mini-implants (1.6 mm diameter, 10 mm length) were installed between the maxillary second premolar and molar teeth, and Class 111 elastics were used between the miniplates and miniscrews. On treatment completion, an increase in the projection of the maxilla relative to the cranial base (2.7 mm) and significant improvement of the facial profile were observed. Slight maxillary counterclockwise (1°) and mandibular clockwise (3.3±) rotations were also observed. Maxillary protraction with skeletal anchorage and intermaxillary elastics was effective in correcting a case of Skeletal Class 111 malocclusion without dentoalveolar side effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The affective orthodontic approaches realized rapidly with simple appliances is preferable in clinical practice. The orthodontic mechanics can be planned for just upper arch where there is no orthodontic problem in the lower arch. In this study, the treatment methods in two cases presented in the orthodontic clinic for the correction of their high positioned upper right cuspids. The major orthodontic problems of upper dental arch caused by maxillary transversal discrepancy and early deciduous tooth loses were solved with a combination of modified “Minned-expander” and straight wire sliding mechanics with the brackets having diffrent slot dimensions on the anterior and posterior teeth. The measurements on the basillary radio-graphs showed 66% of skeletal and 34% of dental expantsion after the modified “Minne-expander” therapy fabricated on the posterior bite blocs having molar tubes. In the second case being more severe compared to the other, after this expansion therapy, unilaterally activated transpalatal bar and sliding mechanics with intermaxillary elastics were realized to have a good control of the 5.5 mm of deviated midline that 3mm was corrected by the midpalatal expansion and to increase the distalization of upper left posterior segments. A thermoplastic anchorage appliance that the patient could wear the intermaxillary elastics was used in the lower arch. The orthodontic treatment was completed with no loss of anchorage. The acceptable results gained to solve the major orthodontic problems though the uncompleted academic critters in the finishing of the cases due to the lack of reciprocal tooth movement, conclude the possibility of using this approach in clinical practice for the indicated cases after a good diagnosis and treatment plan.

Objective: To evaluate the Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device (FRD) as a compliance-free alternative to Class II elastics. Materials and Methods: A sample of 34 (14 female, 20 male) consecutively treated nonextraction FRD patients (12.6 years of age) were matched with a sample of 34 (14 female, 20 male) consecutively treated nonextraction Class II elastics patients (12.2 years of age) based on four pretreatment variables (ANB, L1-GoMe, SN-GoMe, and treatment duration). Pretreatment and post-treatment cephalometric radiographs were traced and analyzed using the pitchfork analysis and a vertical cephalometric analysis, t-Tests were used to evaluate group differences. Group differences were evaluated using t-tests. Results: No statistically significant differences were found in the treatment changes between the groups. There was a general trend for mesial movement of the maxilla, mandible, and dentition during treatment for both groups. The mandibular skeletal advancement and dental movements were greater than those in the maxilla, which accounted for the Class II correction. Lower incisor proclination was evident in both groups. Vertically, the maxillary and mandibular molars erupted during treatment in both groups, while lower incisors proclined. With the exception of lower molar mesial movements and total molar correction, which were significantly (P < .05) greater in the Forsus group, there were no statistically significant group differences in the treatment changes. Conclusions: The Forsus FRD is an acceptable substitute for Class II elastics for noncompliant patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 16-year-old male patient with a Class III malocclusion and 2 lower missing central incisors presented for treatment. The treatment plan consisted of asymmetrically distalizing the lower dentition and regaining space for lower anterior prosthetic work. C-implants were to be used as anchorage for Class III intermaxillary elastics, and two C-orthodontic microimplants (C-implants) were placed in the interdental spaces between the upper second premolars and first molars. The particular design of the C-implant head minimized gingival irritation during the orthodontic treatment. Sliding jigs were applied on the buccal for distalization of the lower posterior teeth. The correct overbite and overjet were obtained by distalizing the entire lower dentition into its proper position with C-implant anchorage, which contributed to an improvement in facial balance. It took 15 months to treat this case. The application of this new microimplant, considerations for case selection, and the sequence of treatment are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics/Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)