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Developing efficient and continuously stable water electrolysis catalysts to cope with harsh industrial conditions remains a huge challenge in the alkaline seawater electrolysis hydrogen production process. Transition metal nitrides are potential catalysts for seawater electrolysis, but they are still being modified to further improve catalytic performance. Here, a nanosheet-like NiCo/VN heterostructure electrocatalyst was prepared. The heterogeneous interface formed between and VN and NiCo alloy and the strong metal-support interaction regulate the electronic structure and optimizes the adsorption and desorption of intermediates. Moreover, the introduction of the NiCo alloy greatly facilitates the water dissociation step. Therefore, the prepared NiCo/VN catalyst exhibits excellent alkaline HER performance, with a low overpotential of 38 mV and 318 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 and 1000 mA cm−2, shows high durability in 50 h of constant current tests at current densities of 10, 100, and 1000 mA cm−2 in alkaline seawater. This work proposes an effective strategy for preparing multiphase electrocatalysts, and the mechanism research fully confirms that it can promote the dissociation of water and the adsorption and desorption of intermediates. [Display omitted] • 3D nanosheets structure can accelerate the penetration of electrolyte and the diffusion of bubbles, thus ensuring the mass transfer process. • Schottky heterostructures formed between NiCo alloy and VN can generate built-in electric fields that enhance charge transfer and separation. • The electronic structure of the active site of the catalyst is effectively regulated by the strong metal-support interaction between the NiCo alloy and VN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Owing to highly theoretical capacity of 3579 mAh/g for lithium-ion storage at ambient temperature, silicon (Si) becomes a promising anode material of high-performance lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, the large volume change (∼300 %) during lithiation/delithiation and low conductivity of Si are challenging the commercial developments of LIBs with Si anode. Herein, a sandwich structure anode that Si nanoparticles sandwiched between carbon nanotube (CNT) and silicon carbide (SiC) has been successfully constructed by acetylene chemical vapor deposition and magnesiothermic reduction reaction technology. The SiC acts as a stiff layer to inhibit the volumetric stress from Si and the inner graphited CNT plays as the matrix to cushion the volumetric stress and as the conductor to transfer electrons. Moreover, the combination of SiC and CNT can relax the surface stress of carbonaceous interface to synergistically prevent the integrated structure from the degradation to avoid the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) reorganization. In addition, the SiC (1 1 1) surface has a strong ability to adsorb fluoroethylene carbonate molecule to further stabilize the SEI. Consequently, the CNT/SiNPs/SiC anode can stably supply the capacity of 1127.2 mAh/g at 0.5 A/g with a 95.6 % capacity retention rate after 200 cycles and an excellent rate capability of 745.5 mAh/g at 4.0 A/g and 85.5 % capacity retention rate after 1000 cycles. The present study could give a guide to develop the functional Si anode through designing a multi-interface with heterostructures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interface engineering has become the mainstream for improving the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Interfacial dipole (ID) molecules have emerged as a feasible and effective strategy to alleviate the charge carrier loss and energy loss in PSCs. Here, the three symmetrical donor–acceptor interfacial dipole molecules (named PzT, PzTE, and PzTN) are designed and synthesized with identical hole transport backbone and different anchoring groups. The ID molecule is introduced into the interface between the perovskite layer and the hole transport layer. The dipole moments of ID molecules regulate the surface work function and energy‐level alignment of perovskites, improve charge extraction, and reduce energy loss at the interface. Meanwhile, the anchoring groups of ID molecules coordinate with the defects on the surface of PVK and HTL, reduce interfacial trap state density and charge accumulation, and mitigate the carrier non‐radiative recombination losses. As a result, PzTN‐modified PSC achieved a champion power conversion efficiency of 25.34% with a photovoltage of 1.176 V and a fill factor (FF) of 83.27%, accompanied by almost undetectable hysteresis and excellent operating stability. This research demonstrates a feasible strategy for efficient and stable PSCs by interfacial dipole molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a persistent need to design efficient and cheap electrode materials for water electrolysis. Herein, a hierarchical Ni(OH) 2 /Fe 3 O 4 /graphite felt (GF) (NFGF) heterostructure bifunctional electrocatalyst is tailor-designed to accelerate the water splitting process via boosting the heterostructure interfaces. A facile electrochemical method is probed to synthesize NFGF heterostructure with in-situ GF surface functionalization. Various analyses are used to demonstrate the GF in-situ surface functionalization and interface engineering. Remarkably, NFGF displays boosted hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions by presenting a low overpotential of −50 mV and 281 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 and 30 mA cm−2, respectively. Thus, NFGF is tested as a bifunctional electrocatalyst in the two-electrode cell and demonstrates a low cell voltage of 1.55 V at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 with outstanding performance over a long time of electrolysis up to 24 h. [Display omitted] • Hierarchical NFGF heterostructure bifunctional electrocatalyst is tailor-designed for water splitting. • β -Ni(OH) 2 is electrodeposited at Fe 3 O 4 /GF surface with thin nanosheets morphology. • NFGF electrocatalyst boosts HER by delivering η 10 of −50 mV. • NFGF electrocatalyst accelerates OER by displaying η 30 equal to 281 mV. • NFGF as a bifunctional electrocatalyst shows a low cell voltage equal to 1.55 V. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the first principle, the SDS anions are preferentially adsorbed on the (0 0 2) surface of the Zn anode, forming a protective layer which prevents the adsorption of free water molecules and modifies the electrode/electrolyte interface. The SDS additive significantly inhibits the contact of water molecules with the interface, reduces the generation of by-products, and effectively prevents the growth of dendrites. Consequently, with the assistance of SDS additives, the Zn||Zn symmetrical battery sustains a long cycle life for 2000h. [Display omitted] Aqueous zinc-ion batteries are emerging as powerful candidates for large-scale energy storage, due to their inherent high safety and high theoretical capacity. However, the inevitable hydrogen evolution and side effects of the deposition process limit their lifespan, which requires rational engineering of the interface between anode and aqueous electrolyte. In this paper, an anionic surfactant as electrolyte additive, sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDS), is introduced to deliver highly reversible zinc metal batteries. Unlike traditional surfactants, the solvation structure is not affected by SDS, which tends to adsorb on the (0 0 2) crystal plane of Zn with the purpose of effectively limiting the water molecules adsorption. Attributed to the natural hydrophobic part of SDS, a dynamic electrostatic shielding layer and a unique hydrophobic interface are constructed on the anode. Assisted by the above merits, the adverse surface corrosion, hydrogen evolution and dendrite growth are significantly inhibited without the sacrifice in the deposition kinetics of Zn ions. As a result, the Zn||Zn symmetric batteries demonstrate an increased cycle life of 2000 h (1 mA cm−2, 1 mA h cm−2) with the presence of SDS additive. Such strategy provides a new avenue for the developing advanced electrolytes to be applied in aqueous energy storage systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the development of composite solid propellants, maintaining energy-release efficiency while enhancing the mechanical properties of the propellants presents a significant challenge. Optimizing the interfacial relationships among various propellant components can potentially improve both the mechanical performance and energy-release efficiency of these propellants. This study developed a straightforward method using tannic acid (TA) and Fe3+ ions to create an interfacial layer on ammonium perchlorate (AP) particles (referred to as AP@TA-Fe) for achieving enhanced AP energy-release efficiency and mechanical properties of the propellant. AP@TA-Fe composites with different TA-Fe mass ratios (2, 4, and 6 wt%) were prepared, tested, and characterized. The experimental results demonstrated the interface-engineered AP@TA-Fe displayed enhanced hydrophobicity and rapid energy release, and these effects intensified with increasing interfacial layer thickness. The TA-Fe interfacial layer significantly enhanced the tensile strength and elongation of the propellant under various temperature conditions. As the thickness of the TA-Fe layer increased, the damage mechanism of the modified propellant shifted from the dewetting of the AP particles to the tearing of the adhesive matrix. Consequently, the AP@TA-Fe composites are expected to serve as superior substitutes for traditional AP in propellant applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To achieve high performance in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), it is very vital to engineer the recombination and extraction of the hole–electron pairs at the electron transport layer (ETL)/perovskite interface. In this research, the main idea is to improve the photovoltaic performance of the cells by modifying the compact ETL surface (≈50 nm thick) by inserting a <10 nm thick ultra-thin layer (UTL) of metal oxide. For this purpose, all types of single layer and bilayer structured ETLs of TiO2, SnO2 and WO3, i.e., three common metal oxide electron transport materials in PSCs, were fabricated using the reproducible and industry-compatible radio-frequency sputtering method and their function as ETLs was then compared. These ETLs and cells were characterized for structural and electrical properties by FESEM, XRD, Mott–Schottky analysis, UV–Vis spectroscopy and J–V measurements. It was found that a significant increase in cell efficiency is achieved due to more efficient energy band alignment using the bilayer structures of TiO2/WO3-UTL, SnO2/WO3-UTL and TiO2/SnO2-UTL. Conversely, reduced efficiency is observed when using their inverted structures, namely WO3/TiO2-UTL, WO3/SnO2-UTL and SnO2/TiO2-UTL. These results suggest a simple and promising strategy to increase the efficiency of photovoltaic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrochemical water splitting to produce hydrogen converts electric energy into clean hydrogen energy, which is a groundbreaking concept of energy optimization. To achieve high efficiency, numerous strategies have been developed to enhance the performance of electrocatalysts. Among these, interface engineering with molecules/ions/groups, serves as a versatile approach for optimizing the performance of electrocatalysts in water splitting. On the basis of numerous achievements in high-performance electrocatalysts engineered through molecules/ions/groups at interface, a comprehensive understanding of these advancements is crucial for guiding future progress. Herein, after providing a concise overview of the background, the interface engineering via molecules/ions/groups for electrocatalytic water splitting is demonstrated from three perspectives. Firstly, the engineering of electronic state of electrocatalysts by molecules/ions/groups at interface to reduce the Gibbs free energy of the corresponding reactions. Secondly, the modification of local microenvironment surrounding electrocatalysts via molecules/ions/groups at interface to enhance the transfer of reactants and products. Thirdly, the protection of electrocatalysts with molecule/ion/group fences improves their durability, including protecting active sites from leaching and defending them against harmful species. The fundamental principles of these three aspects are outlined for each, along with pertinent comments. Finally, several research directions and challenges are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polypropylene (PP) is a classical organic material for dielectric capacitor, exhibiting typical linear charge–discharge characteristics. However, its low energy density fails to meet the operating requirements of high‐power and energy storage systems. In this study, techniques such as spray‐coating, lamination hot‐pressing, melt blending, and in situ melt‐drawing are employed to fabricate PP‐based sandwich‐structured composite dielectrics. The outer layers consist of BN nanosheets (BNNSs)/PP composite, while the middle layer comprises Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3@Polydopamine (BST@PDA)/PP. The introduction of BNNSs with a wide bandgap improves the breakdown strength of composites. BST@PDA increases the overall polarization of the composites and alleviates the local electric field concentration caused by hetero‐interfacial field distortion. When the filling concentration of BNNSs is 0.10 wt% and that of BST@PDA nanowires is 3 wt%, the composite demonstrates a high dielectric constant and low dielectric loss. Additionally, the sandwich‐structured composite, exhibiting a high charge–discharge efficiency of 97.80%, presents enhanced breakdown strength (Eb ~ 453 MV/m) and increased energy storage density (Ue ~ 5.67 J/cm3), which are 39.38% and 189.29% higher than neat PP (325 MV/m, 1.96 J/cm3), respectively. This study offers a viable and efficient approach to augment the energy storage density of PP‐based dielectrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Designing efficient water splitting electrocatalysts in pH-universal electrolytes is vital yet poses significant challenges. Here, the CoP/MoO 2 heterogeneous interface embedded in porous N-doped carbon (CoP/MoO 2 /NC) was designed by phosphating asphalt enwrapping polyoxometalate-based metal-organic frameworks (POM/ZIF67@asphalt). The CoP/MoO 2 /NC shows excellent performances with low overpotentials of 55, 50, 99 mV for HER and 194, 185, 285 mV for OER at 10mA·cm−2 current density in 1.0 M KOH, 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 , and 1.0 M PBS, respectively. Such superior performance can be attributed to the highly dispersed nanoparticles, heterogeneous interface effect of electron transfer from CoP to MoO 2 , and optimized Gibbs free energy. The long-time stabilities for over 24 h are ensured with negligible decline in all electrolytes, which can be attributed to the excellent stability of CoP/MoO 2 and the corrosion resistance of thin carbon layer. Additionally, in overall water splitting, the CoP/MoO 2 /NC only requires voltages of 1.53 V/1.52 V/1.67 V to gain 10 mA cm−2 in alkaline medium, acidic medium and neutral medium, which exceeded the most reported non-precious catalysts. This work exhibits the excellent pH-universal electrocatalysts with high activity and stability. [Display omitted] • CoP/MoO 2 heterojunction embedded in porous N-doped carbon was prepared by using petroleum pitch as carbon source. • The unique structure of CoP/MoO 2 /NC provided the highly dispersed nanoparticles. • CoP/MoO 2 /NC had excellent catalytic performances toward HER, OER and overall water splitting over a wide pH range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrochemical water splitting is regarded as an effective technology for producing green hydrogen, which is crucial for addressing energy and environmental challenges. In particular, direct seawater splitting offers significant economic and environmental advantages. However, its efficiency is hindered by the high overpotential required for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the competition from chloride oxidation. This review highlights the potential of interface engineering to overcome these limitations and develop efficient OER electrocatalysts. We comprehensively explore recent advancements in interface engineering for OER in both alkaline and seawater environments. We begin by introducing the mechanisms of freshwater and seawater electrolysis, emphasizing key considerations for OER catalyst design. Subsequently, we review the recent progress made in various interface engineering strategies, analyzing their impact on OER performance in both electrolytes. Finally, we outline promising future directions for developing efficient seawater oxidation catalysts through interface engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary Tin oxide (SnO2) has been widely used as an electron transport layer (ETL) in optoelectronic devices. However, there are numerous surface or bulk defects in SnO2, working as charge recombination centers to degrade device. Here, an electroactive and self‐healing polyurethane (PHNN) was designed by integrating conjugated unit – naphthalene diimide (NDI) into a typical polyurethane backbone. Numerous hydrogen bonds and π interactions in PHNN work as non‐covalent interactions to endow this polymer with superior self‐healing properties. PHNN contains lots of aliphatic amine and carbonyl groups, which effectively passivate the defects in SnO2. The π stacking of NDI units will facilitate electron delocalization, endowing PHNN with electrical activity compared with traditional polyurethane. Doping SnO2 with PHNN can improve the conductivity and reduce the work function of SnO2 layer, which is conducive to efficient charge extraction and transport. Using PHNN doped SnO2 as ETL for PM6: Y6 and PM6: BTP‐eC9 based inverted organic solar cells can achieve a high efficiency of 17.16% and 17.51%, respectively. Devices containing doped SnO2 ETL show significantly improved efficiency and stability. Thus, the electroactive polyurethane doped SnO2 interlayers show high performance interfacial modification to align energy‐levels in solar cell devices, which have promising applications in organic electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, lead halide perovskites have emerged as promising photoanode materials for efficient hydrogen production. However, the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and interfacial defect‐mediated charge accumulation inevitably result in efficiency loss and degradation of perovskite photoanodes. Herein, a defect‐passivated electron transport layer‐based perovskite photoanode combined with a catalyst layer favorable is introduced for iodide oxidation reaction bearing a small thermodynamic barrier and rapid kinetics compared to OER for efficient solar fuel generation. The resulting perovskite photoanode revealed a saturated photocurrent density of 22.4 mA cm−2 at 0.3 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode (VRHE) with an impressive onset potential of −0.2 VRHE as well as durability for 225 h in a neutral electrolyte. In addition, an unbiased hydrogen‐production device comprising a perovskite photoanode and Pt coil electrocatalyst is demonstrated, achieving a remarkable solar‐to‐chemical conversion efficiency of 11.45% and stable operation for 25 h. Moreover, a wireless artificial leaf‐structured device realizing solar‐driven hydrogen generation in natural sea water under outdoor sunlight is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Passivation of perovskite crystals is a crucial strategy to improve the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Zwitterions, which contain both positive and negative charges in the molecule, can be used to passivate perovskite crystals. However, these materials strongly interact with each other, resulting in extremely low solubility in common organic solvents. The low solubility of zwitterions hinders the formation of uniform films, which negatively affects perovskite crystal growth. In this study, a liquid‐type zwitterion (LTZ) is synthesized by modulating intermolecular interactions of the zwitterion (3‐(1‐Pyridinio)‐1‐propanesulfonate). By suppressing intermolecular interactions, the solubility and processibility of the zwitterion in common organic solvents are successfully improved. The well‐distributed LTZ‐treated films are obtained, resulting in better electrical properties for the PSCs compared to solid‐type zwitterion‐based devices. With these characteristics, the resulting device achieves a power conversion efficiency of 24.9% with excellent thermal stability (under 60 °C and N2 atmosphere), maintaining over 80% of its initial efficiency for 1968 h. In addition, the PSC module (active area of 32.7 cm2) achieves an improved efficiency of 19.86% with high open‐circuit voltage and fill factor. The results suggest that interface engineering with an LTZ has the potential to fabricate efficient and stable PSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aqueous rechargeable Zn batteries offer a promising technological route as a safe and low‐cost energy storage system for grid energy storage. However, major challenges of Zn dendrites and parasitic side reactions upon cycling in aqueous environments remain unsolved. Here, a design of a bifunctional electrode interface consisting of heterostructured zinc hydroxide chloride (ZHC) and Cu, as well as their synergy in promoting high‐efficiency and low‐polarization Zn deposition is reported. Hydrophilic/zincophobic ZHC promotes the desolvation of hydrated Zn2+ prior to Zn nucleation, meanwhile adjacent Cu acts as a zincophilic site for subsequent nucleation and deposition. Consequently, the reduction polarization of Zn2+ at the bifunctional layer (ZHC‐Cu) features ten times lower nucleation overpotential of 3 mV than bare Zn. Meanwhile, the water‐induced hydrogen evolution side reactions on Zn are significantly hindered by the bifunctionality of the electrode interface. Accordingly, the ZHC‐Cu@Zn symmetric cells exhibit a superior cycling stability for over 3500 cycles at 10 mA cm−2/3 mAh cm−2. The ZHC‐Cu@Zn full‐cell with MnO2 cathode can stably operate for low C‐rate cycling with a high average Coulombic efficiency of 99.5% over 600 cycles. This work provides an effective approach to rational design of heterostructured bifunctional electrode interfaces to obtain high‐efficiency and low‐polarization Zn anodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing highly effective transition metal‐based bifunctional electrocatalysts remains a tremendously challenging task for large‐scale overall water splitting. Herein, a multiheterostructured Mo‐doped Ni2P/FexP electrocatalyst on NiFe foam with P vacancy (denoted as Mo─Ni2P/FexP‐V/NFF) is developed to serve as an efficient dual‐pH electrocatalyst. Due to the synergistic effect of multiple strategies (heteroatom doping, heterointerface, and P vacancy), the Mo─Ni2P/FexP‐V/NFF possesses remarkable hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalytic activity in alkaline/acidic and excellent oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline media, along with encouraging durability. The mechanisms of improved electrocatalytic activity combining multicharacterizations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations are elucidated. Specifically, X‐ray absorption fine structure experimental analysis confirms that the Mo doping can optimize the electronic structure of electrocatalyst. In situ Raman spectroscopy demonstrates that the evolved oxyhydroxides are the real active substances for the OER. DFT calculations reveal that the conductivity of as‐prepared samples can be enhanced through multiple strategy synergy. Moreover, in the HER process, multiple strategies can not only reduce the hydrogen binding energy to near zero but also enhance the H2O dissociation and *OH desorption. In the OER process, DFT calculations also verify that Mo doping and interface engineering can optimize the adsorption of the rate‐determining step, achieving the lowest theoretical overpotential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tin dioxide (SnO 2) is widely utilized for the cost-effective electron transport layer (ETL) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) owing to its excellent optoelectronic properties. However, the surface defect states present in SnO 2 ETL prepared by conventional solution methods seriously hinder the further improvement of device photovoltaic performance. It is urgently essential to develop a facile strategy to effectively minimize the adverse effects of SnO 2 ETL on PSCs. Herein, a phosphorus hetero-phenanthrene flame retardant, DOPO, is introduced as a multifunctional surface modifier to improve the interfacial properties between SnO 2 ETL and perovskite. Through systematic characterization analysis, the P O group in DOPO not only passivates the defective states on the surface of SnO 2 ETL, but also provides chemical chelation sites for the uncoordinated Pb2+ ions in the upper perovskite structure to improve the film crystalline quality. Eventually, the photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of the optimized device is improved from an initial 19.74 %–22.57 %, along with significantly improved device stability. This work provides an important reference for the development of new multifunctional interface modification materials required for SnO 2 -based planar PSCs with excellent properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seawater electrolysis presents a viable route for sustainable large‐scale hydrogen production, yet its practical application is hindered by several technical challenges. These include the sluggish kinetics of hydrogen evolution, poor stability, cation deposition at the cathode, electrode corrosion, and competing chloride oxidation at the anode. To overcome these obstacles, the development of innovative electrocatalysts is crucial. Transition metal phosphides (TMPs) have emerged as promising candidates owing to their superior catalytic performance and tunable structural properties. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of recent progress in the structural engineering of TMPs tailored for efficient seawater electrolysis. We delve into the catalytic mechanisms underpinning hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions in different pH conditions, along with the detrimental side reactions that impede hydrogen production efficiency. Several methods to prepare TMPs are then introduced. Additionally, detailed discussions on structural modifications and interface engineering tactics are presented, showcasing strategies to enhance the activity and durability of TMP electrocatalysts. By analyzing current research findings, our review aims to inform ongoing research endeavors and foster advancements in seawater electrolysis for practical and ecologically sound hydrogen generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of model-based systems engineering (MBSE) has been increasingly explored recently in industries that require multi-discipline engineering coordination. In the European space industry, applying MBSE for the engineering of space systems has been an ongoing undertaking on many missions. In the following paper, the MBSE activities in CAMEO conducted during the A/B1 phases of a typical Earth observation satellite engineered by Airbus are discussed in detail in the form of a case study. The analyses shown are based around the modeling of the spacecraft electrical interfaces in CAMEO. This model was used to automate electrical interface control documents (EICDs) and enable the control of electrical interface development. These methodologies were further put in the context of Airbus' satellite design processes to assess the benefits of an MBSE approach to the current electrical interface engineering procedure and the potential for the reuse of CAMEO models between satellite projects. The reduction in system engineering effort through the reuse of models to modularly create similar satellite systems for efficient concept evaluation and comparison is a clear benefit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In electrocatalytic applications, catalyst interface crucially influences electrochemical activity and selectivity, balancing adsorption, desorption, and transport of intermediates and electrons. Capitalizing on this fact, this study unveils a novel approach to enhance CoO x surfaces, a promising electrocatalyst for water oxidation, through organic shell functionalization via electrodeposition. Utilizing a dinuclear cobalt complex 1 , resembling CoO x 's structure, we crafted a modified film exhibiting remarkable stability. This film consistently delivered a current density of 2.0 mA/cm2 for oxygen evolution at 1.5 V vs. NHE, sustaining over 25 h under neutral conditions with only a minimal 5% activity reduction. Conversely, the standard CoPi catalyst underwent rapid deterioration, losing about 40% of its initial catalytic current in just 14 h. Further investigations revealed that the organic shell effectively reduces catalyst dissolution, in contrast to the severe dissolution of CoPi, directly impacting its catalytic activity. This approach offers a straightforward means to functionalize various nanostructured materials, potentially enhancing their electrochemical activities and stabilities. [Display omitted] • Interface engineering of electrocatalysts with an organic ligand shell. • Mod-CoPi was electrodeposited from a dinuclear cobalt complex with a polyhydroxy ligand. • The mod-CoPi shows remarkable stability, maintaining over 90% activity for 50 h. • The unmodified CoPi degrades, losing 40% catalytic current in 14 h. • Analyses reveal CoPi dissolution key factor to its activity degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy demand worldwide demands clean, cheap, and renewable energy. Through the use of photoelectrochemical (PEC) conversion, solar energy can be transformed into chemical energy. Bismuth vanadate (BiVO4), a material exhibiting visible light activity, favourable conduction band edge energies, and ease of synthesis, has become increasingly popular in recent years. In BiVO4, charge carriers recombine rapidly, which adversely affects the PEC performance and stability. There have been several strategies developed to mitigate these deficiencies, including novel heterojunctions, doping with metals, coupling with cocatalysts, interface modification and modifying morphology. To achieve the best results, it is required to develop PEC devices with exceptional cost‐to‐efficiency ratios and long‐term durability. This review also examines novel yet commercially viable applications for BiVO4‐based photoanodes. Lastly, we discuss the challenges and perspectives facing PEC water splitting systems based on BiVO4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All‐solid‐state lithium–sulfur batteries (ASSLSBs) are expected to be the next generation of high‐energy battery systems due to their long lifespan and high safety. However, unstable interfaces between elemental sulfur, conductive carbon, and solid electrolytes lead to slow charge transport and mechanical failures, thereby limiting battery performance. Herein, atomic layer deposition‐derived lithium phosphorus oxide is applied to the surface of carbon/sulfur particles to enhance the interfacial stability of the sulfur cathode and improve the electrochemical performance of ASSLSBs. The coating layer can inhibit electrolyte decomposition and improve interfacial stability by blocking electron conduction between carbon and electrolyte. Moreover, it not only serves as an ion‐conducting layer to facilitate Li+ transport but also acts as a stress buffer layer to alleviate contact failure. The assembled ASSLSBs with sulfide electrolyte exhibit an initial specific capacity of 1322 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C and capacity retention of 86.4% after 300 cycles. Furthermore, ASSLSBs maintain a reversible capacity of 645 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 after 1000 cycles, confirming the long cycling stability of the coated sulfur cathode. Even under high sulfur loading, ASSLSBs achieve high areal capacities of 4.6 mAh cm−2 at 30 °C and 11.7 mAh cm−2 at 60 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High‐energy‐density and cost‐effective lithium‐rich oxides (LRO) are considered as the promising cathode materials for the next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries. Nevertheless, the elevated cut‐off voltage and the complex interface interactions have presented significant challenges that can lead to material degradation. Specifically, the inevitable release of lattice oxygen and the highly reactive interface‐driven irreversible migration of transition metal (TM) ions in LRO make the construction of a robust interface extremely important. Herein, an effective and efficient coating approach is applied to stabilize the interface structure of LRO by introducing a coordination bond between the strong ligand of polyurethane (PU) and the surface of LRO particles. This functional coating stabilizes the crystal field stabilization energies of LRO by acting as a strong ligand in spectrochemistry to form a coordination bond with Mn4+ in Li2MnO3 at high voltage. Consequently, irreversible oxygen release and TM ions migration are greatly inhibited. Overall, the LRO‐PU cathode exhibits superior electrochemical cyclability with a retention of 80.0% at 1C after 300 cycles and enhanced rate capability with a retention of 80.9% at 0.1C after rate cycles, marking a significant step toward commercial implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rechargeable aqueous zinc metal batteries (AZMBs) are considered as a potential alternative to lithium‐ion batteries due to their low cost, high safety, and environmental friendliness. However, the Zn anodes in AZMBs face severe challenges, such as dendrite growth, metal corrosion, and hydrogen evolution, all of which are closely related to the Zn/electrolyte interface. This article offers a short review on surface passivation to alleviate the issues on the Zn anodes. The composition and structure of the surface layers significantly influence their functions and then the performance of the Zn anodes. The recent progresses are introduced, according to the chemical components of the passivation layers on the Zn anodes. Moreover, the challenges and prospects of surface passivation in stabilizing Zn anodes are discussed, providing valuable guidance for the development of AZMBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the transformation of energy conversion and photocatalytic decomposition, photocatalyst-based artificial photosynthesis for solar-to green fuels and environmental treatment has aroused great attention. Herein, a novel ternary heterojunction based on constructing an interaction between 2D-graphitic carbon nitride (CN), 3D-strontium titanate (STO) and Pt nanoparticles (NPs) (2D/3D CN/STO@Pt) is designed for the first time to greatly promote photocatalytic water cracking hydrogen (H 2) evolution in an alkalescent environment, such as triethanolamine (TEO) as well as integrating with Rhodamin B (RhB) decomposition. Under optimized conditions, the H 2 productivity over 3D/2D CN/STO@Pt-3 heterostructures (10,005 μmol h−1 g−1) with an apparent quantum yield of H 2 production approaching 47.5% is found to be ∼29.7, 8.5, 1.1, and 1.5-fold as much as that in the CN, CN/STO, CN/STO@Pt-1, and CN/STO@Pt-5 heterojunctions, respectively. An up to 2.5-fold enhancement in the photocatalytic RhB decomposition rate, obtaining 90% within 60 min under visible-light-driven is observed for 3D/2D CN/STO@Pt-3 heterostructures, surpassing that of other samples. The CN/STO@Pt-3 sample shows the highest degradation rate of 3.5 min−1, which is 1.8, 2.8, 4.27 and 4.9 -time higher than that of the CN/STO@Pt-1, CN/STO@Pt-5, CN, and STO samples, respectively. The improved photocatalytic behavior of the heterogeneous structures could be ascribed to i) the type II-heterojunction between 2D CN and 3D STO; and ii) the creation of the Schottky contacts between semiconductors and Pt NPs. The configuration of the type-II heterojunction formed by the two semiconductors of 2D g-C 3 N 4 and 3D STO contributes to improved light absorption ability, and rapid separation and transfer of photoinduced charges. At the same time, the close junction of Pt establishes the Schottky barrier to facilitate efficient electron transfer in the ternary nanostructures, impeding the quick recombination of photoexcited charge carriers, and offering abundant reactive sites, contributing multiple electron pathways for the photoreaction strategy. Increased photocurrent density from the LSV measurement and a declined in PL intensity confirmed the enhanced interfacial charge separation in the tertiary photocatalyst. Furthermore, the CN/STO@Pt-3 ternary heterostructure presents outstanding photocatalytic performance after five cycles, indicating good stability and reusability. This work gives a valuable modification pathway for the establishing multi-channel charge carrier transport for energy conversion and environmental remediation processes. The diagram showing the photocatalytic activity of CN/STO@Pt heterostructures. [Display omitted] • The novel type II-Schottky structures of CN/STO@Pt were synthesized. • The RhB decomposition obtained 90% within 60 min under visible-light-driven. • The photocatalytic H 2 evolution rates reached 10,005 μmol h−1 g−1. • The photocatalytic activity of the ternary sample remains stable after four cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible devices often need a protective coating when operating in harmful environments, ranging from mild ambient conditions to a biologically active environment of the human body. The flexibility poses a problem for traditional encapsulation solutions, as those make the device bulky and limit functionality by applying an external casing. Alternatively, fully conformal encapsulation of a device of arbitrary shape can be realized with thin‐film encapsulation (TFE) without altering device dimensions. Yet, TFE is susceptible to fail under mechanical stresses, especially when a hard ceramic coating is applied on a polymer. Reliability of TFE can be enhanced by altering the elasticity of the hard and brittle thin films, by adding softer layers in between sample and barrier. Herein, molecular layer deposited (MLD) metal‐linked trioxysilylheptanoate (M‐TOSH) films are studied for coating of large devices to conformally and uniformly tune the interface between polymer and atomic‐layer‐deposited protective film. The results show that M‐TOSH process scales to large chambers; parameter optimization leads to superior film quality and lowers elastic modulus. Conformality, tested with home‐built macroscopic test device, finds the process suitable for 3D parts. Final testing reveals that ten cycles of MLD interlayer double the crack‐onset‐strain from 0.26% to 0.51%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The vast energy storage potential of polymer composite dielectrics in high pulse power sources stands in stark contrast to the unbalanced improvements in discharge energy density (Ud), charge–discharge efficiency (η), and dielectric strength (Eb) as reported currently. Herein, a multistage coupled interface engineering design is proposed: a novel gradient alternating dielectric buffer layer (G‐A‐DBL) is constructed, which consists of inorganic low‐k nanoclay aluminosilicate layer and high‐k ferroelectric layer assembled in a highly oriented alternation as a basic unit and gradient distribution in polymer matrix. This design achieves electric field confinement from the nanoscale to the macroscopic level and achieves an ultra‐balanced enhancement effect, resulting in a Ud of 28.5 J cm−3, an η of 80%, and an Eb of 676 kV mm−1. The universal charge retention ability of charge traps from aluminosilicate heterogeneous skeletons is demonstrated by combining density functional theory calculations and scanning probe measurements. The G‐A‐DBL design integrates traditional charge trapping, heterostructure formation, and gradient modulation, effectively suppressing the entire process of carrier excitation, transport, and before capture. This work advances the basic understanding of charge confinement within inorganic interface charge traps, demonstrating the most well‐balanced enhancement effect and potential for broad application across dielectric polymer nanocomposites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted significant attention due to their excellent photoelectric properties. However, several key performance parameters of these devices still fall short of their theoretical limits. Among these parameters, the regulation of open‐circuit voltage (VOC) has been a focal point of intensive research efforts, playing a pivotal role in advancing the efficiency of PSCs. This review first provides an overview of the generation and loss mechanism of VOC. It then discusses the significance of interface engineering in VOC regulation. Recent developments in high‐efficiency PSCs realized via interface engineering have been summarized and categorized into three key areas: surface modification, interface structure optimization, and surface dimensional engineering. Finally, a comprehensive summary of past research in this domain and offered insights into the future prospects of enhancing VOC in PSCs is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As one of the most promising photovoltaic technologies, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) exhibit high absorption coefficients, tunable bandgaps, large carrier mobilities, and versatile fabrication techniques. Nevertheless, the commercialization of the technology is hindered by poor material stability, short device lifetimes and the scalability of fabrication techniques. To address these technological drawbacks, various strategies have been explored, with one particularly promising approach involving the formation of a low-dimensional layer on the surface of the three-dimensional perovskite film. In this work, we demonstrate the use of guanidinium tetrafluoroborate, CH6BF4N3, (GATFB) as a post-treatment step to enhance the performance of PSCs. Compared with the control sample, the application of GATFB improves the film surface topology, reduces surface defects, suppresses non-radiative recombination, and optimizes band alignment within the device. These positive effects reduce recombination losses and enhance charge transport in the device, resulting in PSCs with an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.18 V and a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.7%. The results obtained in this work exhibit the potential of integrating low-dimensional structures in PSCs as an effective approach to enhance the overall device performance, providing useful information for further advancement in this rapidly evolving field of photovoltaic technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

M‐series molecules are one kind of promising acceptor‐donor‐acceptor (A‐D‐A)‐type acceptors for constructing high‐performance organic solar cells (OSCs). However, their power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) are lagging behind that of current state‐of‐the‐art OSCs, limited by the relatively low fill factor (FF) and photocurrent. Herein, combined strategies of layer‐by‐layer (LBL) deposition and interface engineering are conducted to systematically improve light utilization and thus PCEs for M36‐based OSCs. Through choosing a proper processing solvent, a PCE of 17.3% with an FF of 77.9% is achieved for the resulting LBL devices, much higher than those (15.9%/74.0%) from the blend‐casting devices. The improvement is assigned to the favorable morphological evolution that facilitates carrier generation and transport as well as reduces charge recombination. More importantly, light‐harvesting of the active layers can be enhanced upon employing a self‐assembled monolayer of (2‐(9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)ethyl)phosphonic acid (2PACz) instead of the widely used PEDOT:PSS as the hole‐selecting layer, due to the decreased parasitic absorption of the former. Consequently, 2PACz‐based LBL devices exhibit significantly increased photocurrent, affording a PCE up to 18.2%, which is the highest among the reported A‐D‐A‐type acceptor‐based OSCs. These results deliver important strategies to enhance the performance of OSCs and thus highlight the great potential of M‐series acceptors for practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is a promising energy conversion strategy for directly converting solar energy into green hydrogen fuel. Constructing an efficient PEC device, finding an efficient photoanode material with a suitable band gap and favorable band-edge positions is essential. Tantalum nitride (Ta3N5) meets these fundamental requirements, and its theoretical maximum solar-to-hydrogen (STH) conversion efficiency can reach 15.9%. Consequently, it has been widely applied as a photoanode material for the PEC oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, severe bulk and interface charge recombination, along with sluggish water oxygen kinetics, seriously limits its STH conversion efficiency for PEC water splitting. Herein, this feature article briefly reviews recent advances by our research group in improving the STH conversion efficiency of the Ta3N5 photoanode using various strategies, including defect engineering, construction of a gradient band structure, interface engineering, and surface modification of self-healing OER cocatalyst. Up to now, the obtained half-cell STH efficiency has exceeded 4%, providing a solid foundation for the development of tandem PEC devices for unbiased solar-driven overall water splitting toward practical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modifying the electronic structure of a catalyst through interface engineering is an effective strategy to enhance its activity in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Interface engineering is a viable strategy to enhance the catalytic activity of transition metal phosphides (TMPs) in the HER process. The interface-engineered FeP/NiP2/Ni5P4/NiP multi-metallic phosphide nanoparticles confined in a N, P-doped carbon matrix was developed by a simple one-step low-temperature phosphorization treatment, which only requires 72 and 155 mV to receive the current density of 10 mA/cm2 in acid and alkaline electrolyte, respectively. This enhanced performance can be primarily attributed to the heterointerface of FeP/NiP2/Ni5P4/NiP multi-metallic phosphides, which promotes electron redistribution and optimizes the adsorption/desorption strength of H* on the active sites. Furthermore, the N, P-doped carbon framework that encapsulates the nanoparticles inhibits their aggregation, leading to an increased availability of active sites throughout the reaction. The results of this study open up a straightforward and innovative approach to developing high-performance catalysts for hydrogen production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium metal batteries with inorganic solid‐state electrolytes have emerged as strong and attractive candidates for electrochemical energy storage devices because of their high‐energy content and safety. Nonetheless, inherent challenges of deleterious lithium dendrite growth and poor interfacial stability hinder their commercial application. Herein, we report a liquid metal‐coated lithium metal (LM@Li) anode strategy to improve the contact between lithium metal and a Li6PS5Cl inorganic electrolyte. The LM@Li symmetric cell shows over 1000 h of stable lithium plating/stripping cycles at 2 mA cm−2 and a significantly higher critical current density of 9.8 mA cm−2 at 25°C. In addition, a full battery assembled with a high‐capacity composite LiNbO3@LiNi0.7Co0.2Mn0.1O2 (LNO@NCM721) cathode shows stable cycling performance. Experimental and computational results have demonstrated that dendrite growth tolerance and physical contact in solid‐state batteries can be reinforced by using LM interlayers for interfacial modification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Developing environmentally friendly and highly efficient inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) encounters significant challenges, specifically the potential toxicity and degradation of thin films in hybrid organic-inorganic photovoltaics (PV). We employed theoretical design strategies that produce hysteresis-reduced, efficient, and stable PSCs based on composition and interface engineering. The devices include a mixed-organic-cation perovskite formamidinium methylammonium tin iodide ( $${\text {FAMASnI}}_{3}$$ FAMASnI 3 ) as an absorber layer and zinc oxide (ZnO) together with a passivation film phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester ( $${\text {PC}}_{61}\text {BM}$$ PC 61 BM ) as a double-electron transport layer (DETL). Furthermore, a nickel oxide (NiO) layer and a trap-free junction copper iodide (CuI) are used as a double-hole transport layer (DHTL). The optoelectronic characterization measurements were carried out to understand the physical mechanisms that govern the operation of the devices. The high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 24.27% and 23.50% were achieved in 1D and 2D simulations, respectively. This study illustrates that composition and interface engineering enable eco-friendly perovskite solar cells, improving performance and advancing clean energy.

[Display omitted] • Successful preparation of cathode materials through doping and interface engineering has enhanced Li–S battery performance synergistically. • Nitrogen-nickel co-doped MXene nanosheets were employed as a conductive framework to successfully in-situ synthesize a TiO 2 homojunction structure containing both anatase and rutile phases. • Employing an in-situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) technique allowed us to observe the growth process of the homojunction for the first time, revealing its temperature-dependent behavior. • The assembled ART@NNM cathode in the Li–S cell exhibits outstanding performance, effectively alleviating shuttle effects and promoting sulfur conversion reactions. The commercialization of lithium-sulfur (Li–S) batteries has faced challenges due to the shuttle effect of soluble intermediate polysulfides and the sluggish kinetics of sulfur redox reactions. In this study, a synergistic catalyst medium was developed as a high-performance sulfur cathode material for Li–S batteries. Termed A/R-TiO 2 @ Ni-N-MXene, this sulfur cathode material features an in-situ derived anatase–rutile homojunction of TiO 2 nanoparticles on Ni-N dual-atom-doped MXene nanosheets. Using in-situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) technique, we observed the growth process of the homojunction for the first time confirming that homojunctions facilitated charge transfer, while dual-atom doping offered abundant active sites for anchoring and converting soluble polysulfides. Theoretical calculations and experiments showed that these synergistic effects effectively mitigated the shuttle effect, leading to improved cycling performance of Li–S batteries. After 500 cycles at a 1C rate, Li–S batteries using A/R-TiO 2 @Ni-N-MXene as cathode materials exhibited stable and highly reversible capacity with a capacity decay of only 0.056 % per cycle. Even after 150 cycles at a 0.1C rate, a high-capacity retention rate of 62.8 % was achieved. Additionally, efficient sulfur utilization was observed, with 1280.76 mA h/g at 0.1C, 694.24 mA h/g at 1C, alongside a sulfur loading of 1.5–2 mg/cm2. The effective strategy based on homojunctions showcases promise for designing high-performance Li–S batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Photocatalysis is a promising sustainable technology to remove organic pollution and convert solar energy into chemical energy. Titanium dioxide has drawn extensive attention in this field owing to its high activity under UV light, good chemical stability, large availability, low price and low toxicity. However, the poor quantum efficiency derived from fast electron/hole recombination, the limited utilization of sunlight, and a weak reducing ability still hinder its practical application. Among the modification strategies of TiO 2 to enhance its performance, the construction of heterojunctions with other semiconductors is a powerful and versatile way to maximise the separation of photogenerated charge carriers and steer their transport toward enhanced efficiency and selectivity. Here, the research progress and current status of TiO 2 modification are reviewed, focusing on heterojunctions. A rapid evolution of the understanding of the different charge transfer mechanisms is witnessed from traditional type II to the recently conceptualised S-scheme. Particular attention is paid to different synthetic approaches and interface engineering methods designed to improve and control the interfacial charge transfer, and several cases of TiO 2 heterostructures with metal oxides, metal sulfides and carbon nitride are discussed. The application hotspots of TiO 2 -based photocatalysts are summarized, including hydrogen generation by water splitting, solar fuel production by CO 2 conversion, and the degradation of organic water pollutants. Hints about less studied and emerging processes are also provided. Finally, the main issues and challenges related to the sustainability and scalability of photocatalytic technologies in view of their commercialization are highlighted, outlining future directions of development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Schematic illustration showing the process of creating conductive MOF-coated 3D-printed scaffolds and their use in the treatment of osteosarcoma and for aiding in bone repair. [Display omitted] The integration of functional nanomaterials with tissue engineering scaffolds has emerged as a promising solution for simultaneously treating malignant bone tumors and repairing resected bone defects. However, achieving a uniform bioactive interface on 3D-printing polymer scaffolds with minimized microstructural heterogeneity remains a challenge. In this study, we report a facile metal-coordination self-assembly strategy for the surface engineering of 3D-printed polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds with nanostructured two-dimensional conjugated metal–organic frameworks (cMOFs) consisting of Cu ions and 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydroxytriphenylene (HHTP). A tunable thickness of Cu-HHTP cMOF on PCL scaffolds was achieved via the alternative deposition of metal ions and HHTP. The resulting composite PCL@Cu-HHTP scaffolds not only demonstrated potent photothermal conversion capability for efficient OS ablation but also promoted the bone repair process by virtue of their cell-friendly hydrophilic interfaces. Therefore, the cMOF-engineered dual-functional 3D-printing scaffolds show promising potential for treating bone tumors by offering sequential anti-tumor effects and bone regeneration capabilities. This work also presents a new avenue for the interface engineering of bioactive scaffolds to meet multifaceted demands in osteosarcoma-related bone defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] The rational construction of highly active and robust non-precious metal oxygen reduction electrocatalysts is a vital factor to facilitate commercial applications of Zn-air batteries. In this study, a precise and stable heterostructure, comprised of a coupling of Co 3 Fe 7 and Fe 3 C, was constructed through an interface engineering-induced strategy. The coordination polymerization of the resin with the bimetallic components was meticulously regulated to control the interfacial characteristics of the heterostructure. The synergistic interfacial effects of the heterostructure successfully facilitated electron coupling and rapid charge transfer. Consequently, the optimized CST-FeCo displayed superb oxygen reduction catalytic activity with a positive half-wave potential of 0.855 V vs. RHE. Furthermore, the CST-FeCo air electrode of the liquid zinc-air battery revealed a large specific capacity of 805.6 mAh g Zn -1, corresponding to a remarkable peak power density of 162.7 mW cm−2, and a long charge/discharge cycle stability of 220 h, surpassing that of the commercial Pt/C catalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights Recent progress on the applications of 2D materials in perovskite solar cells is discussed from the views of bottom interfaces, top interfaces, and electrodes. The roles of van der Waals heterojunction in enhancing the performance of perovskite solar cells are highlighted. The future directions and challenges in development of 2D materials-based perovskite solar cells are provided.

Highlights The boosted heterogeneous interfaces in titanium nitride (TiN) nanotube/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composite contributed to strong polarization loss relaxation ability. The TiN nanotubes/PDMS composite possessed both good impedance matching behavior and strong dielectric loss ability in wide temperature spectrum. The TiN nanotubes/PDMS composite exhibited excellent EMWA performances (effective absorption bandwidth value of 3.23 GHz and minimum reflection loss value of − 44.15 dB) at the varied temperature from 298 to 573 K.

NiOx is one of the promising inorganic hole transporting materials in inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs), however, its device efficiency and stability are still limited by the energy level mismatch, low intrinsic conductivity, high interface defect density, and complex active species. Herein, the use of an imide‐based donor–acceptor type semiconductor (BTF14) as the interlayer between perovskite and NiOx is proposed, which facilitates the hole extraction and transfer, reduces the defect density at interface and in perovskite film bulk, and further reduces the concentration of Ni>3+ species to stabilize the heterointerface. As a result, the power conversion efficiency of inverted PSCs can be significantly boosted from 22.11% of NiOx to 24.20% of NiOx/BTF14. Moreover, NiOx/BTF14 based devices also exhibit negligible hysteresis and excellent long‐term stability, with over 77% of their initial efficiency remaining after continuous operation at 60 °C for 1000 h under 1 sun illumination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficient and stable catalysts are crucial for green hydrogen production from acidic water splitting. Herein, using interface engineering, the surface electronic structures of bimetallic PdRu nanocubes have been significantly regulated by Pt atoms (PdRu@Pt). Interestingly, Pt atoms are located on the corners and facets of PdRu nanocubes, resulting in lattice tension and fast electron transfer. As a result, the obtained trimetallic PdRu@Pt nanocubes with an average size of 13 nm have exhibited highly enhanced catalytic activity and stability for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in acidic media, delivering 18 mV lower overpotential to reach a current density of 10 mA cm−2, and maintaining a remarkable long-term stability for up to 24 h. In particular, the lower overpotential of 489 mV at 500 mA cm−2 for PdRu 0.04 @Pt 0.12 nanocubes indicates its potential for future industrial application in the future. Such enhancements in HER performance can be attributed to the highly facet-edge-exposed Pt atoms and the significant strain effects resulting from the introducing Pt atomic layers to PdRu surfaces. [Display omitted] • A facile seed-mediated straightforward approach for constructing trimetallic PdRu@Pt nanocubes. • Interface engineering inducing edge-exposed Pt atoms, tailorable electronic structures, and improved strain effects. • Significantly enhanced acidic HER activity and stability with lower overpotential of 18 mV at 10 mA cm−2 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Printing technologies have the potential to reduce the manufacturing costs of many electronic devices significantly. Here, a scalable manufacturing route for high‐performance fully printed thermoelectric generators (TEGs) as a cost‐effective solution for energy harvesting is demonstrated. This work presents a facile one‐pot synthesis method to develop a high‐performance Ag2Se‐based n‐type paste, which is used to fabricate a fully printed origami TEG by employing the Ag2Se‐based material for the n‐type legs and a previously reported Bi‐Sb‐Te‐based paste for the p‐type legs. The n‐type film exhibits a power factor of 13.5 µW cm−1 K−2 and a maximum figure‐of‐merit (ZT) of ≈ 0.92. Furthermore, printable carbon paste is introduced as an effective interface between the thermoelectric and electrode materials, which reduces the contact resistances in the thermoelectric device. The origami folded TEG exhibits an open‐circuit voltage (VOC) of 284 mV, a power output of 370.88 µW, and an exceptionally high power density (pmax) of 10.72 Wm−2 at a temperature difference (∆T) of 80.7 K, considering that the TEG fabrication does not involve any pressure treatment and vacuum sintering. These results underscore the scalability of the presented manufacturing process and the capability of printed origami TEGs for powering the Internet of Things (IoT) with low‐grade waste heat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The trivalent Gd3+ ions are introduced as electrolyte additives to form an electrostatic shielding layer on the surface of the zinc anode, resulting in a highly stable and reversible zinc metal anode. [Display omitted] • The Gd3+ ions can form an electrostatic shielding layer on the zinc anode to promote the uniform deposition of Zn2+ ions. • The adsorbed Gd3+ ions acted as a buffer interface, reducing the direct contact between the zinc anode and H 2 O and thus inhibiting the interfacial parasitic reaction. • The Zn//Zn and Zn//MnO 2 cells exhibit extended cycle life and enhanced rate capability. Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) have become an ideal candidate for large-scale energy storage systems owing to their inherent safety and highly competitive capacity. However, severe dendrite growth and side reactions on the surface of zinc metal anodes lead to quick performance deterioration, seriously impeding the commercialization of AZIBs. In this work, a self-regulated zinc metal/electrolyte interface is constructed to solve these problems by incorporating the trivalent Gd3+ additive with a lower effective reduction potential into the aqueous ZnSO 4 electrolyte. It is revealed that the inert Gd3+ ions preferentially adsorb on the active sites of the zinc anode, and the induced electrostatic shielding layer is beneficial to uniform Zn deposition. Meanwhile, the adsorbed Gd3+ ions act as a buffer interface to lower the direct contact of the zinc anode with water molecules, thereby suppressing the interfacial parasitic reaction. These features endow the Zn//Zn battery using 0.2 M Gd3+ ions with 2940 h of cycling life at 5 mA cm−2 and a cumulative plating capacity (CPC) of 6.2 Ah cm−2 at 40 mA cm−2. When assembling with a MnO 2 cathode, the full cell using the modified electrolyte exhibits a high capacity of 268.9 mAh/g at 0.2 A/g, as well as improved rate capability and cycle stability. The results suggest the great potential of a rare earth ion additive in reinforcing Zn metal anodes for developing practical AZIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid advancements in material research for lead‐free inorganic metal halide perovskites have fueled the pathway to design environmentally benign solar‐cells to cater the energy requirements for future generations. The vacancy‐ordered double‐perovskite Cs2SnI6 with an optimum band‐gap (≈1.3 eV), high absorption coefficient (≈105 cm−1), ambi‐polar charge carrier transport, and high structural and compositional stability coupled with simple cost‐effective solution‐based synthesis techniques seems to be an excellent candidate to design air‐stable high‐efficiency solar‐cell‐based applications. The review focusses on the structure–property relationship in Cs2SnI6 and its critical dependency on growth precursors, conditions, and methods. The recent advancements in material and additive engineering to obtain phase‐pure uniform and continuous Cs2SnI6 films and myriad methods to modulate its optoelectronic properties are summarized. The nature, origin, and type of charge‐carriers in intrinsic and doped Cs2SnI6 are extensively discussed. The applications of Cs2SnI6 in different solar‐cell configurations are critically reviewed and its recent progress and challenges to achieve the ultimate theoretical Shockley–Queisser limit of 30–33% is presented. The recent experimental findings on the stability and performance of Cs2SnI6‐based solar‐cells under ambient and controlled conditions would be discussed to highlight its feasibility for the design and development of air‐stable high‐efficiency solar‐cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four different carbazole‐based self‐assembled molecules (SAMs) with different terminal groups have been designed and synthesized as hole‐selective contacts for inverted perovskite solar cells to investigate their interfacial interactions and, consequently, the performance of the devices. Using the carbazole core as a reference, the effect of the thiophen‐2‐yl phenyl, or the hydroxymethyl phenyl attached to the core through a phenyl moiety, with that of the thiophene directly linked to the carbazole is compared. These new SAMs have been successfully synthesized using cost‐effective starting materials and a straightforward synthetic method, eliminating the need for expensive and complex purification processes. Subsequently, they have been applied as efficient hole‐selective contact in inverted perovskite solar cells, leading to an outstanding power conversion efficiency of 19.67% in the case of SAM5, containing a carbazole‐core substituted with double 2‐phenylthiophene side arms as functional group. The detailed characterization of the interface and the charge kinetics has allowed to determine the effect of each substituent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing highly efficient and low‐cost catalysts is an endless challenge in the field of producing H2 from ammonia borane (AB). Herein, the manufacture of yolk‐shell CuO‐Co3O4@Co3O4 nanocomposites are reported by using Cu2O@CuO as a template, in which CuO‐Co3O4 is encapsulated into the Co3O4 hollow nanocubes. Due to the unique morphology and built‐in electric field (BIEF) induced by the CuO‐Co3O4 interface, the CuO‐Co3O4@Co3O4 nanocomposites display remarkable catalytic activity in AB methanolysis. The turnover frequency (TOF) is 24.8 min‐1 in the absence of light and significantly increases to 33.9 min‐1 when exposed to visible light. The experimental and theoretical calculations demonstrate that charge migration from CuO to Co3O4 results in the formation of dual active sites (Cu and Co sites) in charge of adsorption and activation of CH3OH and AB, respectively. Visible light‐induced acceleration is likely caused by type‐II heterojunction, which allows a large number of photogenerated electrons to accumulate in the CuO conduction band. This effectively activates the adsorbed CH3OH on the Cu site, rendering it easier to break the O−H bond. A plausible reaction mechanism involved the activation of the O−H bond of CH3OH, as the RDS is proposed according to the FT‐IR and kinetic isotope effect (KIE) experiments. This work offers an avenue to rationally design high‐performance yolk‐shell catalyst for rapid hydrogen production from AB methanolysis reaction under visible light. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molecular semiconductors (MSCs) are known as ideal candidates for constructing room‐temperature spin‐charge interactive devices due to their long spin lifetimes and abundant photoelectric properties. These devices can achieve novel and valuable functionalities such as room‐temperature supply units of fully spin‐polarized current. Unfortunately, their performances (sub‐0.1 nA) remain unsatisfactory due to limited charge and spin injection efficiency, which can hardly be improved despite great efforts thus far. Herein, from the theoretical side, an interfacial tunnel layer with precisely‐controlled barrier in spintronic devices may simultaneously enhance spin and charge injection. Accordingly, a solution‐processed small molecule with smooth morphology and amorphous structure is introduced to form a uniform and well‐controllable barrier in molecular spin‐photovoltaic devices. By modulating the thickness to effectively control the barrier, both spin and charge injection efficiency increase by > 150%. Thus, the spin‐charge interactive functionalities as supply units of fully spin‐polarized current have also been significantly improved than the current record at room temperature, the output fully spin‐polarized current (>2 nA) is 1200%‐larger, and the output power increases by > 50 times. Moreover, the interface‐modified spintronic devices exhibit excellent stability even after 70 days of exposure to air, which is essential for practical applications in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aqueous aluminum metal batteries (AMBs) have attracted numerous attention because of the abundant reserves, low cost, high theoretical capacity, and high safety. Nevertheless, the poor thermodynamics stability of metallic Al anode in aqueous solution, which is caused by the self‐corrosion, surface passivation, or hydrogen evolution reaction, dramatically limits the electrochemical performance and hampers the further development of AMBs. In this comprehensive review, the key scientific challenges of Al anode/electrolyte interface (AEI) are highlighted. A systematic overview is also provided about the recent progress on the rational interface engineering principles toward a relatively stable AEI. Finally, suggestions and perspectives for future research are offered on the optimization of Al anode and aqueous electrolytes to enable a stable and durable AEI, which may pave the way for developing high‐performance AMBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]