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Future energy systems rely on integrating renewable energy resources to decarbonise the heating and cooling sectors and contribute to global net zero targets. Traditional approaches to energy modelling are segregated as focus tends to be on individual objectives such as minimising operational cost. Furthermore, they are limited with respect to computational time, level of precision and scalability. Model complexity is greater for district heating and cooling systems when compared to power systems due to the thermal behaviour and fluid dynamic principles which are present. Prevailing research tends to deliver a detailed analysis of specific elements within the network, but an approach for visualising the whole system is still missing. This study aims to evaluate the current tools and techniques used to model heating and cooling networks and then propose a more up to date hybrid approach that utilises recent technical advancements. A detailed literature review outlines existing modelling methods and assesses the capabilities of available software tools. The results are summarised in a Pugh Matrix using relevant criteria to compare and select the most appropriate methods. The review concludes that energy models must evolve to become interdisciplinary and multi-objective to simulate a smart energy system.

El aumento de la capacidad de almacenamiento y la velocidad de procesamiento de las computadoras, combinado con conexiones rápidas a Internet, el desarrollo de algoritmos y la disponibilidad de grandes volúmenes de datos en la red son factores que impulsan la era del big data. Considerando el crecimiento y la diversidad de posibilidades para el uso de big data para investigaciones turísticas realizadas en todo el mundo, esta investigación propone realizar una revisión sistemática sobre el uso de big data en investigaciones turísticas, realizada por investigadores brasileños y publicada en revistas nacionales e internacionales. Tras filtrar 76 artículos extraídos de las bases de datos Web of Science, Scopus y publicaciones de Turismo, esta revisión analizó 19 artículos que cumplían con los criterios establecidos en el protocolo. Se encontró que los estudios sobre el uso de big data en turismo son recientes, inician en el año 2000, con un pico de estudios publicados en el 2019; realizado por una variedad de investigadores (57), asignados en diferentes Instituciones de Investigación/Educación (16), distribuidos en Brasil, Portugal y España, que publicaron en diferentes revistas científicas nacionales e internacionales (15). Las investigaciones analizadas contribuyen a varios campos del conocimiento turístico, según el Modelo Interdisciplinario de Jafari, especialmente para la gestión empresarial, la planificación y el desarrollo turístico y la motivación turística, demostrando un nicho de investigación aún en expansión y con pocos destaques. Los resultados también mostraron que el 47,4% de los artículos tienen un enfoque metodológico cualitativo-cuantitativo, el 63,2% realizó investigaciones cuyas fuentes de datos fueron generadas por los usuarios y que las universidades con mayor número de publicaciones están ubicadas en la región noreste de Brasil, y son federales. Además, este estudio puede contribuir al reconocimiento de la producción científica de los brasileños que han desarrollado investigaciones utilizando big data y fomentar el intercambio de técnicas, software, procesos de recolección, análisis y obtención de resultados que fortalecen los estudios en turismo y superan desafíos tanto procedimentales como conceptuales. , así como teóricos y metodológicos. O aumento da capacidade de armazenamento e velocidade de processamento dos computadores, aliadas às rápidas conexões da internet, desenvolvimento de algoritmos e disponibilidade de grande volume de dados na rede são fatores que impulsionam a era da big data. Considerando o crescimento e a diversidade de possibilidades do uso de big data para pesquisas no turismo realizadas mundialmente, esta investigação se propõe a realizar uma revisão sistemática sobre uso de big data nas pesquisas de turismo, conduzidas por pesquisadores brasileiros e publicadas nas revistas nacionais e internacionais. Após filtrar 76 artigos extraídos nas bases de dados Web of Science, Scopus e Publicações de Turismo, esta revisão analisou 19 artigos que atenderam aos critérios estabelecidos no protocolo. Verificaram-se que os estudos com o uso de big data no turismo são recentes, a partir de 2000, com um pico de estudos publicados em 2019; realizados por uma variedade de pesquisadores (57), alocados em diferentes Instituições de Pesquisa/Ensino (16), distribuídos pelo Brasil, Portugal e Espanha, que publicaram em diferentes revistas científicas nacionais e internacionais (15). As pesquisas analisadas contribuem com vários campos do conhecimento do turismo, conforme Modelo Interdisciplinar de Jafari, sobretudo para o gerenciamento de empresas, planejamento e desenvolvimento do turismo e motivação dos turistas, demonstrando um nicho de pesquisa ainda em expansão e com poucos destaques. Os resultados evidenciaram, também, que 47,4% dos artigos têm uma abordagem metodológica quali-quantitativa, 63,2% realizaram pesquisas cujas fontes dos dados foram geradas por usuários e que as universidades que apresentam a maior quantidade de publicações estão localizadas na região nordeste do Brasil e são federais. Ademais, este estudo pode contribuir para o reconhecimento da produção científica dos brasileiros que desenvolveram pesquisas com o uso de big data e fomentar intercâmbio de técnicas, softwares, processos de coleta, análises e obtenção de resultados que fortaleçam os estudos no turismo e superem desafios tanto de ordem procedural e conceitual, quanto de ordem teórica e metodológica. The increase in storage capacity and computer processing speed, combined with fast internet connections, development of algorithms and availability of large volumes of data on the network are factors that drive the era of big data. Considering the growth and diversity of possibilities for the use of big data for tourism research carried out worldwide, this investigation proposes to carry out a systematic review on the use of big data in tourism research, conducted by Brazilian researchers and published in national and international journals. After filtering 76 articles extracted from the Web of Science, Scopus and Tourism articles databases, this review analyzed 19 articles that met the criteria established in the protocol. It was found that studies on the use of big data in tourism are recent, starting in 2000, with a peak of studies published in 2019; carried out by a variety of researchers (57), allocated in different Research/Education Institutions (16), distributed across Brazil, Portugal and Spain, who published in different national and international scientific journals (15). The analyzed research contributes to several fields of tourism knowledge, according to Jafari's Interdisciplinary Model, especially for business management, tourism planning and development and tourist motivation, demonstrating a research niche that is still expanding and with few highlights. The results also showed that 47.4% of the articles have a qualitative-quantitative methodological approach, 63.2% carried out research whose data sources were generated by users and that the universities with the largest number of publications are in the region northeast of Brazil and are federal. Furthermore, this study can contribute to the recognition of the scientific production of Brazilians who have developed research using big data and foster the exchange of techniques, software, collection processes, analyzes and obtaining results that strengthen studies in tourism and overcome challenges both procedural and conceptual, as well as theoretical and methodological.

Kidney supportive care (KSC) is a patient-centered model of multidisciplinary care designed for patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Our goal was to characterize the types, frequencies, and costs of services accessed by patients enrolled in a KSC program. We analyzed health care utilization data prospectively collected from 102 patients who enrolled in the KSC program during the first 52 weeks of its existence. The data comprised program appointments, emergency department presentations, ambulance service use, outpatient visits, inpatient episodes, and dialysis treatments made within the Brisbane area of Metro North. Costs of resource use were estimated using Queensland Health funding principles and guidelines. Analyses included descriptive statistics, correlations, and multivariate regressions. During the median program participation of 22 weeks, patients had 3975 contacts with health care, with the total value of services amounting to nearly A$3 million. Dialysis treatments accounted for 70% of visits and 49% of costs. Patients receiving dialysis had higher utilization of outpatient services and associated cost, compared to patients who were not dialyzed. The presence of diabetes and the choice of conservative pathway were both predictors of higher frequency and cost of services. Longer program participation was associated with lower weekly utilization and cost. The program attracted patients representing various characteristics, pathways, needs, and outcomes. Exploring these patterns will enable better understanding of the patient population and improved service planning, in KSC and similar programs that aim to comprehensively address the needs of patients with advanced CKD and ESKD.

Vector-borne diseases are infectious diseases that are transmitted among vertebrate hosts by (typically arthropod) vectors. Among the whole world’s population, 80% is at risk of one or more vector-borne diseases, leading to an annual death toll of 700 000. These striking numbers are calling for urgent actions to prevent vector-borne diseases from emerging further. However, to apply preventions, we need to know where a risk exists; and if possible, when the prevention should take place.The key to those two primary questions are risk maps, which are typically generated with ecological niche models or epidemiological models. Ecological niche models require occurrence records of the transmissions and the respective environmental variables (mostly long-term-averaged) to build a correlative model. This correlative model can be projected to a different spatial extent, or into future climate scenarios, etc., showing the spatial outbreak risk. Epidemiological models, on the other hand, look into the transmission process and thus require a good understanding of the transmission cycle of the investigated vector-borne disease. Epidemiological models can work with time-series data, and produce spatio-temporal risk maps based on the basic reproduction number R0. In practice, both ecological niche models and epidemiological models have their respective strengths and drawbacks. In this thesis, I contribute to the improvement of both approaches by analyzing some of their drawbacks and making suggestions for new standards.For ecological niche models, the correlative models are highly dependent on the quality of occurrence records. In this thesis, I investigate how positional error, i.e. substituting the geographical centroid of the respective administrative spatial unit for unknown occurrence records, affects model performance in the context of varying grain size of environmental data. I quantify the decrease of model performance caused by the use of geographical centroids and varying grain size, respectively. As a consequence, I suggest that special cautions should be given when geographical centroids are applied as substitutes; when possible, central tendency values should be preferred.For epidemiological models, I review the common ways to generate risk maps and illustrate them with an example. I demonstrate that using different temporal aggregation methods affects the comparability and the quantity information of the resulting maps; and that via different visualization methods, two fundamentally different maps can appear very similar, and vice versa. Consequently, I highlight the importance of using appropriate temporal aggregations and visualizations and give suggestions for best practice. I recommend to show both intensity and duration of the risk, using small time-steps to show spatio-temporal dynamics when possible.Pushing towards new standards for best practice in vector-borne disease risk mapping, I directly compare ecological niche models and epidemiological models, using Usutu virus as an example. The results from the parallel-model approach shows that relying on a single model for assessing vector-borne disease risk may lead to incomplete conclusions. For future research, it is crucial to realize this and aim to apply different modelling approaches for risk-assessment of under-studied emerging pathogens like Usutu virus.

International audience; The paper questions whether data-driven and problem-driven models are sufficient for a software to automatically represent a meaningful graphi-cal representation of scientific findings. The paper presents descriptive and prescriptive case studies to understand the benefits and the shortcomings of existing models that aim to provide graphical representations of data-sets. First, the paper considers data-sets coming from the field of software metrics and shows that existing models can provide the expected outcomes for descriptive scientific studies. Second, the paper presents data-sets coming from the field of human mobility and sustainable development, and shows that a more comprehensive model is needed in the case of prescriptive scientific fields requiring interdisciplinary research. Finally, an interdisciplinary problem-driven model is proposed to guide the software users, and specifically scientists, to produce meaningful graphical representation of research findings. The proposal is indeed based not only on a data-driven and/or problem-driven model but also on the different knowledge domains and scientific aims of the experts, who can provide the information needed for a higher-order structure of the data, supporting the graphical representation output.

The importance of studying leadership in uncertain conditions from the standpoint of an interdisciplinary approach is substantiated. The definition of VUCA is given. The features of modern socio-economic conditions are presented. Psychological characteristics of the leader’s behavior in unstable conditions are considered. The results of research of leadership phenomenon in uncertain conditions are presented. Dangers for the organization and possibilities of behavior of the leader in unstable conditions are considered. The importance of studying the category «leadership as a way of life» in the era of VUCA is substantiated. The prospects for further study of the phenomenon of leadership are determined.

For parents who experience high conflict following their separation or divorce, the various psychosocial and legal services provided by the government of Quebec or in the private sector have proven to be inadequate, resulting in an over-dependence on the court system and child protective services to provide solutions. In response to this social dilemma, the Quebec Ministry of Justice agreed in 2012 to fund a pilot project to determine if parenting coordination could provide some relief to the families and to the judicial system. A research team also had the mandate to evaluate the extent to which parenting coordination could eventually be integrated with other services being offered in both the public and private sectors. Between 2012 and 2014, ten families were followed by two parenting coordinators for a period ranging from six to 18 months. This article will present the interdisciplinary model put forward in the implementation of a parental coordination project, some highlights of the results of this pilot project and the recommendations that ensued.

The authors examine the role of interdisciplinary competences in the development of higher education on the basis of the analysis of their integrative nature, nature and characteristics. The role of monitoring and indicators in the assessment of students’ knowledge obtained through the use of interdisciplinary competences is revealed. The importance of interdisciplinary models by identifying the stages of implementation of practice-oriented communicative approach in teaching is exposed. The problems of interdisciplinary competences are discussed in the context of forming tolerance and minimizing risk-taking in society. Against the backdrop of youth's problems the issue of educational reform is put forward and solved from the perspective of interdisciplinary, systematic, integrity. In the authors’ opinion, the formation of multi-disciplinary competencies, which would have formed the basis of social tolerance, is relevant to present day.

Commentary to: The case for investigating social context in laboratory studies of smoking

Water scarcity, land use conversion and cultural and ecosystem changes threaten the way of life for traditional irrigation communities of the semi-arid southwestern United States. Traditions are strong, yet potential upheaval is great in these communities that rely on acequia irrigation systems. Acequias are ancient ditch systems brought from the Iberian Peninsula to the New World over 400 years ago; they are simultaneously gravity flow water delivery systems and shared water governance institutions. Acequias have survived periods of drought and external shocks from changing economics, demographics, and resource uses. Now, climate change and urbanization threaten water availability, ecosystem functions, and the acequia communities themselves. Do past adaptive practices hold the key to future sustainability, or are new strategies required? To explore this issue we translated disciplinary understanding into a uniform format of causal loop diagrams to conceptualize the subsystems of the entire acequia-based human-natural system. Four subsystems are identified in this study: hydrology, ecosystem, land use/economics, and sociocultural. Important linkages between subsystems were revealed as well as variables indicating community cohesion (e.g., total irrigated land, intensity of upland grazing, mutualism). Ongoing work will test the conceptualizations with field data and modeling exercises to capture tipping points for non-sustainability and thresholds for sustainable water use and community longevity.

In accord with its global aim, the paper designs a set of assumptions which propose logically complex nature of co-operative interaction of knowledge parts and ‘adding-new-knowledge’ strategy which reflects not only conscious knowledge production but also its organization since ‘…a teacher does not know his subject in the sense of being prepared to teach it until he knows it in a focused and organized way. The procedurally sequential steps of other assumption, in its own turn, emphasize the transformational nature of the process of teaching. Moreover, the perspective of shifting from a view of learning centre on teachers and their dispensation of a predetermined and fragmented content body of knowledge- ‘teacher lectures/student swallows’- to guided inquiry stems from concern that mastery of discrete subject disciplines does not prepare students to be problem solvers and information users, is based on the assumption that learning should be active, meaningful, purposeful and holistic. We also propose a few possible cases plausible on the basis of a sampled language data, which fall under the reasons, ways and connections as well as the scope of interdisciplinary and interdisciplinarity knowledge organization.

Dissertação de mestrado em Educação Especial (área de especialização em Intervenção Precoce), A presente dissertação “O perfil do assistente social em Intervenção Precoce: perspetivas profissionais em modelos colaborativos interdisciplinares e transdisciplinares” pretende analisar as funções e competências do assistente social em Intervenção Precoce (IP) à luz do modelo colaborativo de equipa em que se encontra inserido: interdisciplinar ou transdisciplinar. No contexto português o enquadramento legal da participação dos assistentes sociais em serviços de IP começou por ser enfatizado através do Despacho Conjunto n.º 891/99 que salientou a importância da integração do assistente social como membro das equipas multidisciplinares dos serviços de IP. Esta situação promoveu a integração do assistente social com outros profissionais em equipas nos serviços de IP, realçando a importância da cultura colaborativa de equipa subjacente ao conceito de IP. Segundo os dados da investigação, o paradigma de intervenção recomendado em IP parte da compreensão do desenvolvimento infantil de uma perspetiva cada vez mais holística, fomentando a ação dos profissionais de IP com base no modelo de equipa transdisciplinar (Serrano, 2007). Situação para a qual, os assistentes sociais pela história da sua profissão já apresentavam várias características que facilitam a integração em serviços de IP (Robertis, 2011; Weber, 2011). Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar o papel dos assistentes sociais em serviços de IP cuja intervenção em equipa se baseie em abordagens transdisciplinares e interdisciplinares, de modo a compreender as competências do assistente social nos serviços de IP, perspetivando o seu contributo nestas tipologias de modelo de equipa, de modo a identificar eventuais simetrias e dissemelhanças no perfil do profissional de serviço social de acordo com o modelo de equipa em que se encontra inserido. O estudo empírico desta investigação incidiu numa abordagem qualitativa, através da recolha de dados com base no inquérito por entrevista a dois assistentes sociais, dois psicólogos e dois terapeutas, sendo que em cada grupo profissional um dos participantes se encontra inserido num serviço de IP a operar com base no modelo transdisciplinar e outro a operar com base no modelo interdisciplinar. Os resultados empíricos apresentados demonstram que os contextos influenciam o perfil do assistente social, sendo que das duas abordagens em IP (transdisciplinar e interdisciplinar) emergem dois perfis de assistente social., "The profile of the social worker in Early Intervention: Professional perspectives in interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary collaborative models" is a study that aims to analyze the role and characteristics of the social worker in Early Intervention (EI) depending on the type collaborative team (interdisciplinary or transdisciplinary) in which he or she is included. In the Portuguese legal framework the participation of social workers in EI services was emphasized by the Despacho Conjunto number 891/99, which stressed the importance of including social workers as members of multidisciplinary teams of EI services. This fact promoted the integration of the social worker in teams with other professionals in EI services, underlining the importance of a collaborative culture of teamwork behind the concept of EI. According to the research data the recommended practices in EI emphasize the understanding of child development from a holistic perspective, which promotes the intervention based on the transdisciplinary model (Serrano, 2007). For this situation social workers already possess, through the history of their profession, several features that facilitate the integration on EI services (Robertis, 2011; Weber, 2011). This study aims to analyze the role of social workers in EI services based on interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary team approaches in order to understand the skills of the social worker in EI services, presenting their contribution in these team models in order to identify possible symmetries and dissimilarities in the profile of the social worker according to the team model in which he or she is integrated. The empirical study of this research focused on a qualitative approach, collecting data based on interviews with two social workers, two psychologists and two therapists, and in each professional group one of the participants works in a transdisciplinary team and the other works in an interdisciplinary service. The empirical results demonstrate that contexts influence the profile of the social worker and that from the two approaches in EI (interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary) two profiles emerge for the social worker.