Search

Interactive multiobjective optimization methods have proven promising in solving optimization problems with conflicting objectives since they iteratively incorporate preference information of a decision maker in the search for the most preferred solution. To find the appropriate interactive method for various needs involves analysis of the strengths and weaknesses. However, extensive analysis with human decision makers may be too costly and for that reason, we propose an artificial decision maker to compare a class of popular interactive multiobjective optimization methods, i.e., reference point based methods. Without involving any human decision makers, the artificial decision maker works automatically to interact with different methods to be compared and evaluate the final results. It makes a difference between a learning phase and a decision phase, that is, learns about the problem based on information acquired to identify a region of interest and refines solutions in that region to find a final solution, respectively. We adopt different types of utility functions to evaluation solutions, present corresponding performance indicators and propose two examples of artificial decision makers. A series of experiments on benchmark test problems and a water resources planning problem is conducted to demonstrate how the proposed artificial decision makers can be used to compare reference point based methods.

Solving real-life data-driven multiobjective optimization problems involves many complicated challenges. These challenges include preprocessing the data, modelling the objective functions, getting a meaningful formulation of the problem, and supporting decision makers to find preferred solutions in the existence of conflicting objective functions. In this paper, we tackle the problem of optimizing the composition of microalloyed steels to get good mechanical properties such as yield strength, percentage elongation, and Charpy energy. We formulate a problem with six objective functions based on data available and support two decision makers in finding a solution that satisfies them both. To enable two decision makers to make meaningful decisions for a problem with many objectives, we create the so-called MultiDM/IOPIS algorithm, which combines multiobjective evolutionary algorithms and scalarization functions from interactive multiobjective optimization methods in novel ways. We use the software framework called DESDEO, an open-source Python framework for interactively solving multiobjective optimization problems, to create the MultiDM/IOPIS algorithm. We provide a detailed account of all the challenges faced while formulating and solving the problem. We discuss and use many strategies to overcome those challenges. Overall, we propose a methodology to solve real-life data-driven problems with multiple objective functions and decision makers. With this methodology, we successfully obtained microalloyed steel compositions with mechanical properties that satisfied both decision makers. peerReviewed

Public relations (PR) focuses on storytelling by creating newsworthy content that will be communicated to target audiences. However, because social media has empowered individual consumers to an unprecedented level, we are no longer passive consumers of stories and some consumers have even reached influencer status where their opinions carry great authority. In the future, PR stories will shape global culture, but the Covid-19 pandemic has also alerted us to the damage caused by deliberate misinformation (e.g. the anti-vaccination movement). The digital environment — especially where PR now operates — is changing rapidly; artificial intelligence and machine learning are assisting corporations in processing vast volumes of unstructured data. Currently, trust in online communications is eroding in general, but the future of Web3 with blockchain technology may reverse this erosion by introducing new trust protocols into digital interactions. peerReviewed

Solving multiobjective optimization problems with interactive methods enables a decision maker with domain expertise to direct the search for the most preferred trade-offs with preference information and learn about the problem. There are different interactive methods, and it is important to compare them and find the best-suited one for solving the problem in question. Comparisons with real decision makers are expensive, and artificial decision makers (ADMs) have been proposed to simulate humans in basic testing before involving real decision makers. Existing ADMs only consider one type of preference information. In this paper, we propose ADM-II, which is tailored to assess several interactive evolutionary methods and is able to handle different types of preference information. We consider two phases of interactive solution processes, i.e., learning and decision phases separately, so that the proposed ADM-II generates preference information in different ways in each of them to reflect the nature of the phases. We demonstrate how ADM-II can be applied with different methods and problems. We also propose an indicator to assess and compare the performance of interactive evolutionary methods.

Interactive methods support decision makers in finding the most preferred solution in multiobjective optimization problems. They iteratively incorporate the decision maker's preference information to find the best balance among conflicting objectives. Several interactive methods have been developed in the literature. However, choosing the most suitable interactive method for a given problem can prove challenging and appropriate indicators are needed to compare interactive methods. Some indicators exist for a priori methods, where preferences are provided at the beginning of the solution process. We present some numerical experiments that illustrate why these indicators are not suitable for interactive methods. As the main contribution of this paper, we propose a set of desirable properties of indicators for assessing interactive methods as the first step of filling a gap in the literature. We discuss each property in detail and provide simple examples to illustrate their behavior. peerReviewed

© 2022 Copyright held by the owner/author(s). Incorporating the preferences of a domain expert, a decision-maker (DM), in solving multiobjective optimization problems increased in popularity in recent years. The DM can choose to use different types of preferences depending on his/her comfort, requirements, or the problem being solved. Most papers, where preference-based and interactive algorithms have been proposed, do not pay attention to the user interfaces and input devices. If they do, they use character or graphics-based preference input methods. We propose the option of using a physical or tactile input device that gives the DM a better sense of control over providing his/her preferences. However, off the shelf hardware devices are not tailored to solve multiobjective optimization problems and provide many controls that may increase the cognitive load on the DM. In this paper, we propose a fully modular physical user interface to input preference information for solving multiobjective optimization problems. The modularity allows to arrange each input module in various ways depending on the algorithm, DM’s requirements, or the problem being solved. The device can be used with any computer and uses web-based visualizations. We demonstrate the potential of the physical interface by solving a real-world problem with an interactive decomposition-based multiobjective evolutionary algorithm. peerReviewed

Interactive methods are useful decision-making tools for multiobjective optimization problems, because they allow a decision-maker to provide her/his preference information iteratively in a comfortable way at the same time as (s)he learns about all different aspects of the problem. A wide variety of interactive methods is nowadays available, and they differ from each other in both technical aspects and type of preference information employed. Therefore, assessing the performance of interactive methods can help users to choose the most appropriate one for a given problem. This is a challenging task, which has been tackled from different perspectives in the published literature. We present a bibliographic survey of papers where interactive multiobjective optimization methods have been assessed (either individually or compared to other methods). Besides other features, we collect information about the type of decision-maker involved (utility or value functions, artificial or human decision-maker), the type of preference information provided, and aspects of interactive methods that were somehow measured. Based on the survey and on our own experiences, we identify a series of desirable properties of interactive methods that we believe should be assessed.

Artikkeli tarkastelee Kadonnut kinnas ja muita tarinoita -museonäyttelyä ja näyttelystä tehtyä, avoimesti saatavilla oleva virtuaalinäyttelyä. Näyttelyjen taustalla on vuosina 2018–2022 toteutettu Kadonnut kinnas ja muita tarinoita -hanke, joka tutki rajojen, liikkuvien identiteettien, dialogin ja uudenlaisten naapuruuksien teemoja etnografisten menetelmien sekä taidelähtöisten menetelmien keinoin. Artikkeli tarkastelee näyttelyjä interaktiivisina tiloina, joissa museovieraan toiminta vuorovaikutuksessa näyttelytilan esineiden ja tarinoiden kanssa toimii rajoihin ja liikkumiseen liittyvän refleksiivisen ymmärryksen muodostamisen välineenä. Artikkelin tavoitteena on myös pohtia teemoja, jotka voivat auttaa erilaisia tutkimushankkeita suunnittelemaan tulostensa esittämistä tai julkaisemista yhteistyössä esimerkiksi museoiden ja gallerioiden kanssa. Teoreettiselta taustaltaan artikkeli sijoittuu 2010-luvulle tyypillisen museopedagogiikan ja näyttelytoiminnan sekä uusmaterialistisen teoriakeskustelun leikkauspisteeseen. Artikkelin aineistona on museonäyttelyiden saama vierailijapalaute. Artikkeli tuo esille, että museovieraan aktiivinen osallistuminen näyttelyn pelillisyyteen, dialogin luominen näyttelyn tarjoaman sanallisen, kuvallisen ja esineellisen informaation ja omien kokemusten välillä sekä eläytyminen ovat keskeisiä keinoja näyttelyn teemojen ymmärtämiseksi ja vastaanottamiseksi holistisesti sekä edellytyksiä toisen kokemuksen ymmärtämiseksi. Vastaavasti passiivinen näyttelyn vastaanotto johtaa helposti kokemukseen, ettei kävijä saa mitään irti näyttelystä ja se jää vieraaksi ja etäiseksi., The article studies The Lost Mitten and Other Stories museum exhibition and its virtual 360-version. The exhibitions are based on the Lost Mitten and Other Stories research project, active in 2018–2022, which explored the themes of borders, mobile identities, dialogue, and new neighbor relations through ethnographic methods and art-based methods. The article examines the exhibitions as interactive spaces, where the museum visitor's interactions with objects and stories in the exhibition space serve as an instrument for forming reflective understanding of border and mobility related themes. The aim of the article is also to discuss themes that can help research projects in planning to present or publish their results in cooperation with museums and galleries. The article is theoretically grounded at the intersection of museum pedagogy and exhibition activities typical of the 2010s, as well as new materialism.

This special issue brings together empirical studies that investigate how bodily practices feature in action formation and action ascription in multilingual interaction (Schegloff, 2007; Levinson, 2013). Grounded in video-based conversation analysis and drawing on data from diverse sociomaterial settings, the articles investigate the contingent interactional processes through which speakers from different language backgrounds accomplish actions and achieve intersubjectivity. They demonstrate how specific constellations of linguistic resources, bodily conduct, spatial configurations, and material ecology are built into accomplishment of actions at different levels of interactional organization. Collectively, the articles illustrate how the participants draw on each other’s expertise, including different languages (code-switching, translanguaging) and bodily conduct as an integral part of the “web of resources” that are mobilized when actions are formulated and managed in interaction. publishedVersion Non

In today’s data-driven world, decision makers are facing many conflicting objectives. Since there is usually no solution that optimizes all objectives simultaneously, the aim is to identify a solution with acceptable trade-offs. Interactive multiobjective optimization methods are iterative processes in which a human decision maker repeatedly provides one’s preferences to request computing new solutions and compares them. With these methods, the decision maker can learn about the problem and its limitations. However, advanced optimization software usually offer simple visualization tools that can be significantly improved. On the other hand, current approaches for multiobjective optimization from the visualization community provide superior visualization tools but lack advanced optimization. In this paper, we introduce a new term, interactivize, for integrating interactive multiobjective optimization and interactive visualization and present an interactivized approach supporting decision makers in visually steering interactive multiobjective optimization methods. We integrate state-of-the-art interactive visualization with the process of interactive multiobjective optimization in a visual analytics solution that significantly improves the analysis workflow of decision makers, like comparing selected solutions and specifying new preferences during the iterative solution process. To realize the new interactivized approach, we combine a coordinated multiple views system with DESDEO, an open-source software framework for interactive multiobjective optimization. We demonstrate our interactivized approach on a river pollution problem. peerReviewed

In this paper, we develop an interactive algorithm to support a decision maker to find a most preferred lightly robust efficient solution when solving uncertain multiobjective optimization problems. It extends the interactive NIMBUS method. The main idea underlying the designed algorithm, called LR-NIMBUS, is to ask the decision maker for a most acceptable (typical) scenario, find an efficient solution for this scenario satisfying the decision maker, and then apply the derived efficient solution to generate a lightly robust efficient solution. The preferences of the decision maker are incorporated through classifying the objective functions. A lightly robust efficient solution is generated by solving an augmented weighted achievement scalarizing function. We establish the tractability of the algorithm for important classes of objective functions and uncertainty sets. As an illustrative example, we model and solve a robust optimization problem in stock investment (portfolio selection). peerReviewed

We address challenges of unpredicted demand and propose a multiobjective optimization model to integrate a lot sizing problem with safety strategy placement and optimize conflicting objectives simultaneously. The novel model is devoted to a single-item multi-period problem in periodic review policy. As a safety strategy, we use the traditional safety stock concept and a novel concept of safety order time, which uses a time period to determine the additional stock to handle demand uncertainty. The proposed model has four objective functions: purchasing and ordering cost, holding cost, cycle service level and inventory turnover. We bridge the gap between theory and a real industrial problem and solve the formulated problem by using an interactive trade-off-free multiobjective optimization method called E-NAUTILUS. It is well suited for computationally expensive problems. We also propose a novel user interface for the method. As a proof of concept for the model and the method, we use real data from a manufacturing company with the manager as the decision maker. We consider two types of items and demonstrate how a decision maker can find a most preferred solution with the best balance among the conflicting objectives and gain valuable insight. peerReviewed

In interactive multiobjective optimization methods, the preferences of a decision maker are incorporated in a solution process to find solutions of interest for problems with multiple conflicting objectives. Since multiple solutions exist for these problems with various trade-offs, preferences are crucial to identify the best solution(s). However, it is not necessarily clear to the decision maker how the preferences lead to particular solutions and, by introducing explanations to interactive multiobjective optimization methods, we promote a novel paradigm of explainable interactive multiobjective optimization. As a proof of concept, we introduce a new method, R-XIMO, which provides explanations to a decision maker for reference point based interactive methods. We utilize concepts of explainable artificial intelligence and SHAP (Shapley Additive exPlanations) values. R-XIMO allows the decision maker to learn about the trade-offs in the underlying problem and promotes confidence in the solutions found. In particular, R-XIMO supports the decision maker in expressing new preferences that help them improve a desired objective by suggesting another objective to be impaired. This kind of support has been lacking. We validate R-XIMO numerically, with an illustrative example, and with a case study demonstrating how R-XIMO can support a real decision maker. Our results show that R-XIMO successfully generates sound explanations. Thus, incorporating explainability in interactive methods appears to be a very promising and exciting new research area.

Solving multiobjective optimization problems means finding the best balance among multiple conflicting objectives. This needs preference information from a decision maker who is a domain expert. In interactive methods, the decision maker takes part in an iterative process to learn about the interdependencies and can adjust the preferences. We address the need to compare different interactive multiobjective optimization methods, which is essential when selecting the most suited method for solving a particular problem. We concentrate on a class of interactive methods where a decision maker expresses preference information as reference points, i.e., desirable objective function values. Comparison of interactive methods with human decision makers is not a straightforward process due to cost and reliability issues. The lack of suitable behavioral models hampers creating artificial decision makers for automatic experiments. Few approaches to automating testing have been proposed in the literature; however, none are widely used. As a result, empirical performance studies are scarce for this class of methods despite its popularity among researchers and practitioners.We have developed a new approach to replace a decision maker to automatically compare interactive methods based on reference points or similar preference information. Keeping in mind the lack of suitable human behavioral models, we concentrate on evaluating general performance characteristics. Such an evaluation can partly address the absence of any tests and is appropriate for screening methods before more rigorous testing. We have implemented our approach as a ready-to-use Python module and illustrated it with computational examples. peerReviewed

In most sub-Saharan African countries, mainstreaming learner-centred interactive pedagogy (LCIP) is defined as a policy priority. Similarly, Eritrea has adopted the same policy to seek a solution to its educational challenges. Rather than rote mastery of course content, the LCIP approach prioritises learners in constructing knowledge through interaction, active participation and controlling the learning process. This paper explores secondary school teachers' perceptions of LCIP and their challenges in implementing this pedagogical approach. Constructivism and sociocultural learning theory are considered conceptual frameworks to highlight LCIP as an approach for teaching and learning. Qualitative data from 12 teachers' interviews were analysed through qualitative content analysis and inductive reasoning. The findings suggest that without laying the necessary foundation, the policy emphasis on LCIP, which is considered critical in addressing educational challenges, puts pressure on teachers to employ LCIP while it remains idealised. Furthermore, the findings indicate that diverse challenges should be addressed to generate change in classroom practices in Eritrean secondary schools by implementing the LCIP approach. peerReviewed

Tässä kasvatustieteiden pro gradu -tutkielmassa tarkastelen erilaisten virtuaaliympäristöjen mahdollisuuksia vieraan kielen opetuksessa. Tutkielma muodostuu suomenkielisestä teemaan johdattelevasta ja tutkimusta reflektoivasta osasta sekä huhtikuussa 2020 ilmestyneestä englanninkielisestä vertaisarvoidusta artikkelistani Interactive, authentic, gameful e-learning concepts for the foreign language classroom. Toteutin laadullisen tutkimukseni hermeneuttisena toimintatutkimuksena, jossa oli konseptikehityksen osalta myös design-tutkimuksen piirteitä. Käytin aineisto- ja menetelmätriangulaatiota. Artikkeli on laajempaan tutkimusprojektiini liittyvä osajulkaisu, joka kuvaa tiiviissä muodossa kehittämiäni virtuaaliopetuskonsepteja ja niillä lukion ja yliopiston kielikeskuksen kielenopetuksessa tekemiäni opetusinterventioita. Kyse oli esimerkiksi saksan kielen suullisen viestinnän opettelusta äänisovelluksilla ja videokonfe-renssiopetuksena, pelillistetystä ongelmanratkaisuseikkailusta kohdekulttuurissa tai suositun informaalin tietokonepelin käytöstä kielenoppimisessa. Kehitettyjen konseptien kuvauksen ohella keskeisessä asemassa oli niiden toimivuuden arviointi. Se perustui opettaja—tutkijan havaintojen ja toteutettujen interventioiden opiskelijapalautteen analyysiin. Eri aineistoista esiin nousseiden näkökulmien välisestä dialogista syntyi reflektioprosessien kautta vähitellen laaja-alainen ymmärrys konseptien vaikutuksesta oppimistilanteeseen. Tutkielma esittelee interventioiden sisällön, aineistojen analyysin ja reflektion keskeisimpiä tuloksia. Niiden perusteella kehitettyjä konsepteja voidaan pitää uudenlaisina, relevantteina, autenttista viestintää mahdollistavina lähestymistapoina, joita voitaisiin edelleen jatkokehittää. Niillä voidaan toteuttaa moderneihin didaktisiin suuntauksiin perustuvaa opetusta, joka on vuorovaikutteista ja hyödyntää mielekkäästi myös pelillisyyden mahdollisuuksia. Jo otsikkotasolla mainittujen autenttisuuden, interaktiivisuuden ja pelillisyyden ohella muita konsepteissa huomioituja elementtejä ovat multimodaalisuus, kollaboratiivisuus, holistisuus, kokemuksellisuus, toiminnallisuus, oppija-autonomia ja toimijuuden vahvistaminen. Interventioiden aineistoja analysoidessani havaitsin, että digitaaliset konseptit innostivat erityisesti tietokonepelaamista vapaa-ajallaan harrastavia tai kielitaitonsa monipuolista haastamista kaipaavia suorittajia. Pelillistetty ja toiminnallinen virtuaaliseikkailukonsepti voimautti myös luokan normitilanteissa usein alakynteen jääviä heikompia kielenoppijoita. Tutkimukseni tulosten valossa yksi ainoa lähestymistapa näyttää harvoin puhuttelevan kaikkia opiskelijoita tai sopivan kaikkien kognitiiviseen tyyliin. Siksi opetuksessa on tärkeää käyttää monipuolisia lähestymistapoja.

Immersive technologies are opening gateways to virtual realities that might change journalism forever. In the virtual world, journalism balances on the edge between imaginary approaches to fact-based creation and extended options for fakes. The journalistic maneuverings between reality and virtual reality are particularly intriguing to work with because they put the truth-seeking values of journalism into play. How can immersive technologies be applied to improve meaningful reporting and investigate storytelling in journalism? How can skills and knowledge of virtual reality empower news professionals? And how can journalism codes of ethics help shape the new platforms, shape a future in which journalism continues to play an important role in society? peerReviewed

In many decision making problems, a decision maker needs computer support in finding a good compromise between multiple conflicting objectives that need to be optimized simultaneously. Interactive multiobjective optimization methods have a lot of potential for solving such problems. However, the growth of complexity in problem formulations and the abundance of data bring new challenges to be addressed by decision makers and method developers. On the other hand, advances in the field of artificial intelligence provide opportunities in this respect. We identify challenges and propose directions of addressing them in interactive multiobjective optimization methods with the help of multiple intelligent agents. We describe a generic architecture of enhancing interactive methods with specialized agents to enable more efficient and reliable solution processes and better support for decision makers. peerReviewed

Social robotics is a technology that, as its definition varies, encompasses conceptually diverse fields materializing in innovations from simple chatbots to sophisticated androids talking about the peaceful coexistence of humans and robots. The advances in social robotics have led to promising applications in education, work, entertainment, and even religion. Yet a measure of fear and confusion about the capabilities of contemporary and future robots exists, with one of the reasons being the presentation of some contemporary robots as being more advanced than they really are.

This dissertation presents the phenomenon of social television by focusing on the interplay between the traditional broadcast media and the newer social media in the context of the FIFA World Cup. The aim of the study is to shed light on interactional practices that are generated in the intersection of television and Twitter. Through the lens of digital discourse and conversation analysis the study examines how the participation in a media event is constructed in live tweeting practices. The dissertation shows that social media have offered new ways of participating and enjoying television content but have not replaced the role of traditional television as a central medium for experiencing massive media events such as the FIFA World Cup.

Biotic interactions are fundamental drivers governing biodiversity locally, yet their effects on geographical variation in community composition (i.e. incidence‐based) and community structure (i.e. abundance‐based) at regional scales remain controversial. Ecologists have only recently started to integrate different types of biotic interactions into community assembly in a spatial context, a theme that merits further empirical quantification. Here, we applied partial correlation networks to infer the strength of spatial dependencies between pairs of organismal groups and mapped the imprints of biotic interactions on the assembly of pond metacommunities. To do this, we used a comprehensive empirical dataset from Mediterranean landscapes and adopted the perspective that community assembly is best represented as a network of interacting organismal groups. Our results revealed that the co‐variation among the beta diversities of multiple organismal groups is primarily driven by biotic interactions and, to a lesser extent, by the abiotic environment. These results suggest that ignoring biotic interactions may undermine our understanding of assembly mechanisms in spatially extensive areas and decrease the accuracy and performance of predictive models. We further found strong spatial dependencies in our analyses which can be interpreted as functional relationships among several pairs of organismal groups (e.g. macrophytes–macroinvertebrates, fish–zooplankton). Perhaps more importantly, our results support the notion that biotic interactions make crucial contributions to the species sorting paradigm of metacommunity theory and raise the question of whether these biologically‐driven signals have been equally underappreciated in other aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Although more research is still required to empirically capture the importance of biotic interactions across ecosystems and at different spatial resolutions and extents, our findings may allow decision makers to better foresee the main consequences of human‐driven impacts on inland waters, particularly those associated with the addition or removal of key species.

This article explores the temporal nature of language learning in classroom settings through the lens of Conversation Analysis (CA) by drawing on video‐recorded interactions from Content and Language Integrated (CLIL) classrooms. It outlines some methodological challenges that the task of documenting language learning in and as observable social interaction poses for CA studies of second language (L2) learning and proposes that learning has typically been described as either a situated activity (in cross‐sectional studies) or a series of intermediate achievements (in longitudinal studies). The empirical analysis focuses on interactional instances in which students observably invoke and describe their earlier learning activities or achievements as part of some ongoing classroom activity, either in whole‐class or peer interaction. It is argued that such instances of a retrospective orientation to learning offer empirical materials for examining learning trajectories from a participant's perspective, how connections between moments and social domains separated by time and space are forged, and how resources are accumulated, recalibrated, and put to use. The focal interactions also raise conceptual implications for the ways in which learning is both situated and transferable, as well as methodological implications for how retrospection can best be rendered analytically accessible by way of a CA approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Communication technology is an essential part of virtual teams in working life. This article presents a qualitative study on the meanings of communication technology in virtual team meetings. The study was conducted by examining frames of technology-related virtual team interaction. Observational data was gathered from six expert team meetings. Technology-related communication episodes (N = 88) were identified from team interaction and then analyzed by means of frame analysis. Four frame categories were found: the practical frame, work frame, user frame, and relational frame. Team members talked about technological properties and functions as well as giving and receiving technological guidance. They also discussed technology in relation to work tasks, contemplated technology users’ attributes, and built and maintained relationships with technology. The results indicate that virtual team members give meanings to communication technology while interacting. Communication technology has several meanings—it is seen as a tool for work, a reason for uncertainty, a useful benefit, a challenge, an object of competence, an entity of technical properties, a subject of guidance, a way to express closeness, and a shared space. The results presented in this article deepen our understanding of the role communication technology plays in the day-to-day interaction of virtual teams. The results recommend developing both technological systems and team members’ ways of using them, as well as providing opportunities to negotiate the meanings of technology and thus avoid frame disputes. In addition, ensuring that virtual teams use technological systems that support their unique communicational needs is suggested. peerReviewed

nonPeerReviewed

We propose a novel combination of an interactive multiobjective navigation method and a trade-off free way of asking and presenting preference information. The NAUTILUS Navigator is a method that enables the decision maker (DM) to navigate in real time from an inferior solution to the most preferred solution by gaining in all objectives simultaneously as (s)he approaches the Pareto optimal front. This means that, while the DM reaches her/his most preferred solution, (s)he avoids anchoring around the starting solution and, at the same time, sees how the ranges of the reachable objective function values shrink without trading-off. The progress of the motion towards the Pareto optimal front is also shown and, thanks to the graphical user interface, this information is available in an understandable form. The DM provides preference information to direct the movement in terms of desirable aspiration levels for the objective functions, bounds that are not to be exceeded as well as the motion speed. At any time, (s)he can change the navigation direction and even go backwards if needed. One of the major advantages of this method is its applicability to any type of problem, as long as an approximation set of the Pareto optimal front is available and, particularly, to problems with time-consuming function evaluations. Its functionality is demonstrated with an example problem. peerReviewed

nonPeerReviewed

Eritrea has given an increasing policy emphasis on implementing learner-centered interactive pedagogies (LCIP) at all levels of the education system. However, both teachers and teacher educators struggle with implementation of matching school practices. This study attempts to identify some of the gaps between the objectives set in the National Education Policy of the State of Eritrea and the everyday practices observable at the educational institutions. The focus of the analysis is on examining data from teacher educators at the Asmara Community College of Education. The international exposure and collaboration with Finnish education experts has been appreciated by the teacher educators as a source of inspiration and modelling of learner-centered practice. The findings are indicative of changing pedagogical practice and an enhanced culture for professional development. nonPeerReviewed

Technology-mediated (i.e. distant) meetings are complex settings that involve distributed participation frameworks and the coordination of actions in multiple interactional spaces. This paper examines how problems with hearing, speaking, or understanding in the overall meeting space enable the negotiation of alignment and affiliation by co-present participants in the same local meeting space. Conversation analysis is used to investigate the local accomplishment of alignment and affiliation achieved through the sequential and temporal organization of verbal, embodied, and material resources of interaction in three types of situations: during technological trouble, silences, and disagreements. The analysis shows that the local participants draw on their physical setting and the material environment to make interactional problems relevant amongst themselves. During these parallel interactions, the co-construction of alignment and affiliation enhances the sense of local community and enables the building of alliances that are not made public in the overall meeting space. peerReviewed

The current study aims to explore team teaching as it is manifested in bilingual interactional patterns in a preschool classroom in Finland. The data was collected in a preschool classroom where a bilingual pedagogy in Finnish (majority language) and Swedish (minority language) was implemented with monolingual Finnishspeaking children. Video recordings were made while two teachers with different predefined language roles were team teaching a class of 20 children during two circle times. A two-level analytic model was developed: on the macro level activity types, participant roles (type of leadership) and language allocation (the teachers’ relative use of Finnish and Swedish) were identified, and on the micro level teacher interaction was analysed in detail in terms of turn-taking patterns and language use. The findings are analysed in relation to the predefined roles of the two teachers – one as a Finnish speaker and the other as a bilingual Swedish/Finnish speaker. The results show extensive dynamics in how the predefined participant and language roles were put into practice: all three types of leadership (single, alternated and co-leadership) were identified in the data and both the teachers communicated both monolingually and bilingually in the various circle time activities. When communicating bilingually, the teachers applied strategies such as code-switching, avoidance of translation and the use of scaffolding to support understanding. Separation strategies (separation by person, topic or purpose) also appeared in the data, however. The two teachers’ cooperation was smooth and they supported and assisted each other in various ways both academically and linguistically. peerReviewed

This thesis asks the question “What is the role of journalism in social innovation?” It explores how journalism is redefined when it engages in the creation of “the new” in society. The study analyzes four cases of journalism-related social innovation in two countries – the USA and Finland: a contentious national media event; crowdsourcing for legislation; a series of dialogic innovation workshops in Finland; an environment of data-based civic innovation in the USA. Social innovation is defined as innovations that work in meeting social goals. In literature and the contemporary discussion on the crisis of journalism, innovation is required to restore journalisms’ legitimacy and financial sustainability. Simultaneously, innovations that affect and challenge journalistic work increasingly emerge from outside the newsrooms. Despite the potential for mutually beneficial co-operation, professional journalism is either absent, or a passive observer, in these environments. Journalism risks losing relevance and trust in the grassroots of society, as was exemplified during the presidential election in the USA and the Brexit referendum in the UK in 2016. This thesis argues that journalism is increasingly required to operate in flexible roles in networks of social innovation. The thesis suggests various emerging practices available for journalists to collaborate in these environments. It also introduces the type of dialogic journalism to understand how journalism can participate in networks of social innovation. The thesis characterizes dialogic journalism by co-creating solutions for social problems across organizational borders. Strong innovative dialogue appears to emerge in environments of physical proximity among people from diverse organizational backgrounds. The argument is that holding spaces are the social structures in which open-ended and non-judgmental dialogue among journalists and the former audience can take place. In these spaces, the making of meaning is not only rational but also social, emotive and corporeal. Journalists are invited to temporarily abandon their position as disinterested observers of events. Research on innovation in journalism has focused on technology-driven, newsroom led innovation. Consequently, the role of journalism in social innovation has been largely reactive. This thesis introduces a way of thinking about innovation as a dialogue over organizational and professional boundaries. The relevance of the findings to journalism theory is analyzed through the research theme of participatory journalism. The thesis argues that Bohm’s (1996) dialogue, although challenging and seldom accomplished in its pure form, is compatible with the ideals of journalism, for which the participatory journalism movement calls. Traditionally, participatory journalism is viewed as citizens’ participation to journalistic projects initiated by newsrooms. This study suggests an inverted model: that professional journalists could also seek to contribute to journalism-related innovations in collaboration with the civil society. The findings are critically reflected against professional journalism’s ideology of objectivity. The findings question the relevance of the journalists’ role as an “objective” outsider, in an era when journalistic work requires openness to professional and personal change. Suspension of professional roles and judgment may be a requirement for learning. Furthermore, through dialogue, journalists can also learn new practices of innovation and overcome resistance to change in newsrooms.

peerReviewed

Tässä maisterintutkielmassa tarkasteltiin sosiaalisessa mediassa esiintyviä asiakkaiden ja yrityksen välisiä julkisia keskusteluita eli valitustilanteita, jotka saivat alkunsa asiakkaiden julkisesti esittämistä kielteisistä asiakaspalautteista. Tutkielman tavoitteena oli lisätä ymmärrystä siitä, millaista valitustilanteiden vuorovaikutus on, miten se etenee osapuolten välillä sekä miten kielteisiä asiakaspalautteita ja niistä syntyvää keskustelua hallitaan yhtiön toimesta. Tarkastelun kohteena toimivat lentoyhtiö Icelandairin Facebook-sivujen julkaisuihin tulleet kielteiset asiakaspalautteet, jotka aloittivat yhtiön ja asiakkaiden väliset valitustilanteet. Tapauskohtaisesti keskusteluihin liittyi mukaan myös kolmansia osapuolia. Tutkimusaineiston muodostivat kesäkuun 2016 ja tammikuun 2017 välillä kerätyt luonnollisissa olosuhteissa syntyneet 16 valitustilannetta, joita tutkittiin laadullisen aineistolähtöisen sisällönanalyysin ja teemoittelun avulla. Tulokset osoittavat, että kielteiset asiakaspalautteet syntyvät asiakkaan tyytymättömyydestä ostettuun palveluun, mutta myös aiemmin koetun asiakaspalvelun heikon laadun takia. Tulosten perusteella voidaan sanoa, että valittaminen Facebookissa näyttää olevan seurausta asiakaspalvelun puutteellisuudesta muissa yhtiön asiakaspalvelukanavissa. Keskusteluista on nähtävissä, että julkinen vuorovaikutus tehostaa asiakkaiden valituksia ja niiden käsittelyä. Tuloksista selviää lisäksi, että valitustilanteet etenevät vaiheittain, mutta eteneminen ei ole ennustettavaa. Vuorovaikutuksen julkisuuden vuoksi eteneminen on riippuvaista myös mukaan liittyvistä muista asiakkaista sekä asiakkaiden halukkuudesta yhteistyöhön yhtiön kanssa. Tuloksista nähdään, että yhtiön tilanteenhallinnan käytänteenä on pyrkiä ratkaisukeskeiseen vuorovaikutukseen ohjaamalla asiakkaita viralliseen asiakaspalautelomakkeeseen tai yksityisviestien pariin asian selvittämiseksi. Yhtiön vuorovaikutus julkisella sivulla on siis hillittyä ja asian edistämiseen keskittyvää. Tulosten valossa yrityksiä voidaan kehottaa tehostamaan vastauskäytänteitään sosiaalisessa mediassa sekä muissa asiakaspalvelukanavissa. Jatkotutkimusta olisi tarpeen kohdentaa esimerkiksi asiakkaiden ja yhtiön väliseen suljettuun asiakaspalveluun tutkimalla esimerkiksi yhtiön ja asiakkaiden välisten Facebookin yksityisviestien vuorovaikutusta ja siellä saavutettavia lopputuloksia.

Esittelemme artikkelissa Jyväskylän yliopiston fysiikan laitoksella kehitettyä opetuksen toimintamallia, joka perustuu teknologiatuettuun pienryhmäopiskeluun ja kurssin aikaiseen formatiiviseen arviointiin. Toimintamalli kehittää työelämätaitoja, tehostaa opettajien ja opiskelijoiden ajankäyttöä, vahvistaa opiskelijoiden välistä vuorovaikutusta ja hyödyntää suunnitelmallisesti tuloksia fysiikan opetuksen tutkimuksesta. Alustavat kokemukset toimintamallista ovat rohkaisevia. nonPeerReviewed

Tarkastelen tutkielmassani, millaisia interaktiivisuustoimintoja käyttäjälle tarjotaan verkkosivulla sijaitsevassa journalistisessa artikkelissa. En ota kantaa siihen, miten nämä toiminnot aktuaalisesti vaikuttavat käyttäjiin ja miten toimivia ne näiden kannalta ovat, vaan keskityn siihen, mitä (tarkasteluni kohteena olevia) interaktiivisuuden toimintoja käyttäjille on tarjolla käyttöliittymätasolla. Interaktiivisuus on taajaan käytetty termi, joka Sally J. McMillanin mukaan alkoi yleistyä arkikielessä ja tieteellisissä teksteissä 90-luvun alussa, mutta sen merkityksestä ei vallitse täyttä konsensusta. Tavoitteeni työssä onkin ensin rajata ja määritellä journalististen verkkoartikkeleiden analysoimiseen soveltuvaa interaktiivisuuden näkökulmaa ja luoda sen jälkeen kriteerit eri interaktiivisuustoiminnoille. Erotan sisällön valinnan, sisällön luomisen ja peli-interaktiivisuuden interaktiivisuustyypit hyödyntäen Jens F. Jensenin, Jan Bordewikin ja Ben van Kaamin, Carrie Heeterin sekä Rodney Simsin ja Chris Crawfordin interaktiivisuutta ja pelillisyyttä käsitteleviä teorioita. Lopuksi testaan erottamieni interaktiivisuustoimintojen tunnistamista joukolla The New York Timesin, The Guardianin ja BBC Newsin julkaisemia verkkoartikkeleita (yhteensä 21 artikkelia). Paikannan kussakin artikkelissa sijaitsevat interaktiivisuustoiminnot luomani jaottelurungon avulla ja lasken tämän jälkeen löytämieni esiintymien määrän. Tutkielmani on mediumin käyttöliittymätasolle kohdentuva, interaktiivisuuden täsmälliseen määrittelyyn perustuva metodinen kokeilu, joka tarjoaa pohjaa toteuttaa laajempi määrällinen tarkastelu journalististen verkkoartikkeleiden tarjoamasta vuorovaikutteisuudesta. Työ avaa myös mahdollisuuksia syvällisemmälle laadulliselle erittelylle.

Perinteinen luento-opetus on edelleen yleinen opetusmuoto yliopistoissa. Tällaisia yksisuuntaisia luentoja on kuitenkin kritisoitu siitä, että ne eivät tarjoa opiskelijoille mahdollisuuksia vuorovaikutukseen ja aktiiviseen osallistumiseen. Kehittämishankkeemme tarkoitus oli lisätä luento-opetukseen vuorovaikutteisuutta Viestiseinä-sovelluksen avulla. Verkkosovellusta käytettiin kolmen luentosarjan opetuksessa Jyväskylän yliopistossa. Tavoitteena oli sekä tunnistaa sovelluksen käyttötapoja, joiden avulla kyseistä teknologiaa voidaan hyödyntää osana opetusta, että kehittää sovellusta käyttäjien tarpeita vastaavaksi. Opiskelijat kokivat Viestiseinän käytön pääosin positiivisena ja motivoivana. Opetukseen liittymättömien viestien määrän kasvaessa sovelluksen käyttö alkoi kuitenkin haitata opiskelijoiden keskittymistä ja vei mielenkiintoa pois opetettavasta asiasta. Luennoitsijan tapa hyödyntää Viestiseinää vaikuttaa kuitenkin suuresti opiskelijoiden kokemukseen sovelluksen hyödyllisyydestä. Parhaimmillaan opiskelijat kokivat sovelluksen lisäävän ymmärrystä opittavasta aiheesta ja auttavan käsitteiden oppimisessa. nonPeerReviewed

Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli selvittää kasvatus- ja aikuiskasvatustieteen pääaineopiskelijoiden käsityksiä Jyväskylän yliopistolla käytetyistä opetus- ja opiskelumenetelmistä. Tutkimuksessa keskityttiin erityisesti kuvailemaan itsenäisten sekä vuorovaikutteisten opetus- ja opiskelumenetelmien ilmenemistä opiskelijoiden arjessa. Tutkimuksen avulla kartoitettiin opiskelijoiden määritelmiä ja kokemuksia itsenäisistä ja vuorovaikutteisista opetus- ja opiskelumenetelmistä sekä opiskelijoiden käsityksiä käytettyjen menetelmien mahdollisesta kehittämisestä. Tutkimuksen aineisto kerättiin teemahaastattelujen avulla vuosina 2012 ja 2015. Aineiston analyysissa hyödynnettiin fenomenografiaa sekä sisällönanalyysia, eli teemoittelua. Fenomenografia toimi samalla myös tutkimuksen laajempana viitekehyksenä. Tutkimustulosten mukaan opiskelijat määrittelivät itsenäiset sekä vuorovaikutteiset opetus- ja opiskelumenetelmät yhtäläisesti perustuen menetelmien vaatimaan yksin ja muiden kanssa työskentelyn määrään. Itsenäinen ja vuorovaikutteinen työskentely koettiin siten toistensa vastakohdiksi. Opiskelijoiden kokemuksissa toistuvat teemat vapaudesta, vastuusta, oppimisesta sekä yhteisöllisyydestä. Tutkittavien käsityksen mukaan opintojen kehittämiskohteita olivat vuorovaikutuksen, ohjauksen, tiedon soveltamista vaativien oppimismenetelmien, kurssien osasuoritustapojen sekä valinnanmahdollisuuksien lisääminen. Tutkittavat toivoivat opinnoissaan hyödynnettävän monipuolisesti erilaisia opetus- ja opiskelumenetelmiä itsenäisen sekä vuorovaikutteisen työskentelyn tasapaino huomioon ottaen. Tutkittavien käsitykset olivat yhteydessä aiempiin opiskelijatyytyväisyyttä sekä oppimiskokemuksia koskeviin tutkimustuloksiin. Tulokset olivat linjassa myös koulutuspolitiikkaan liittyvän ajankohtaisen keskustelun kanssa. Tutkimuksen johtopäätöksenä todettiin, että opiskelijoiden käsitykset yliopistolla käytettävistä opetus- ja opiskelumenetelmistä sekä niiden kehittämisestä tulisi ottaa paremmin huomioon yliopiston opetussuunnitelmatyössä.

Interactive methods of multiobjective optimization repetitively derive Pareto optimal solutions based on decision maker's preference information and present the obtained solutions for his/her consideration. Some interactive methods save the obtained solutions into a solution pool and, at each iteration, allow the decision maker considering any of solutions obtained earlier. This feature contributes to the flexibility of exploring the Pareto optimal set and learning about the optimization problem. However, in the case of many objective functions, the accumulation of derived solutions makes accessing the solution pool cognitively difficult for the decision maker. We propose to enhance interactive methods with visualization of the set of solution outcomes using dimensionality reduction and interactive mechanisms for exploration of the solution pool. We describe a proposed visualization technique and demonstrate its usage with an example problem solved using the interactive method NIMBUS.