257,708 results on '"integumentary system"'
Search Results
2. Apoptotic extracellular vesicles are metabolized regulators nurturing the skin and hair
- Author
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Lan Ma, Chider Chen, Dawei Liu, Zhiqing Huang, Jiaqi Li, Haixiang Liu, Ryan Tsz Kin Kwok, Benzhong Tang, Bingdong Sui, Xiao Zhang, Jianxia Tang, Xueli Mao, Weiying Huang, Songtao Shi, and Xiaoxing Kou
- Subjects
Apoptosis ,Extracellular vesicle ,Metabolized regulator ,Integumentary system ,Mesenchymal stem cells ,Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials ,TA401-492 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Over 300 billion of cells die every day in the human body, producing a large number of endogenous apoptotic extracellular vesicles (apoEVs). Also, allogenic stem cell transplantation, a commonly used therapeutic approach in current clinical practice, generates exogenous apoEVs. It is well known that phagocytic cells engulf and digest apoEVs to maintain the body's homeostasis. In this study, we show that a fraction of exogenous apoEVs is metabolized in the integumentary skin and hair follicles. Mechanistically, apoEVs activate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway to facilitate their metabolism in a wave-like pattern. The migration of apoEVs is enhanced by treadmill exercise and inhibited by tail suspension, which is associated with the mechanical force-regulated expression of DKK1 in circulation. Furthermore, we show that exogenous apoEVs promote wound healing and hair growth via activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in skin and hair follicle mesenchymal stem cells. This study reveals a previously unrecognized metabolic pathway of apoEVs and opens a new avenue for exploring apoEV-based therapy for skin and hair disorders.
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- 2023
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3. Anatomy and Organization of Human Skin
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Ibrahim, Amal A. E., Bagherani, Nooshin, Smoller, Bruce, Bagherani, Negin, Reyes-Barron, Cynthia, Smoller, Bruce, editor, and Bagherani, Nooshin, editor
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- 2022
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4. "Worst Thief Ever"- The Use of a Storyline to Engage Students in a Traditional Hands-on Lab Experience.
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McDaniel, Kerrie
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STUDENT engagement ,STUDENT attitudes ,MICROSCOPY ,FORENSIC sciences ,LEARNING ability - Abstract
A traditional anatomy lab using microscope slides to examine the structures of the integumentary system was enhanced to increase connections to the real world, student engagement, and interest in the topic by adding a forensic storyline where students examined structures of the integument in order to "solve the crime". Student perceptions regarding the addition of the storyline to the lab found that 88% of students reported that the storyline increased the connections they made between the lab and the real world. Eighty-six percent of students stated that the storyline increased their interest in the lab and 83% said that it made them more engaged in the lab. Sixty-three percent of students felt that the storyline helped them to learn the material better. A five-step strategy guided the conversion of a typical hands-on anatomy lab exercise into an engaging experience based on a storyline using materials commonly found in the lab. This strategy serves as a template to transform lab exercises into experiences that use both a storyline and a hands-on activity as drivers of student learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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5. Evolution of mantis shrimp telson armour and its role in ritualized fighting
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Taylor, Jennifer RA, Scott, Nina I, and Rouse, Greg W
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Biological Sciences ,Ecology ,Animals ,Biological Evolution ,Biomechanical Phenomena ,Decapoda ,Extremities ,Integumentary System ,Species Specificity ,Crustacea ,stomatopod ,coefficient of restitution ,impact mechanics ,biological armour ,ritualized combat ,General Science & Technology - Abstract
Mantis shrimp possess both formidable weapons and impact-resistant armour that clash during ritualized combat. The telson is one of few biological structures known to withstand the repeated high impact forces of smashing mantis shrimp strikes, and it is hypothesized that this pairing of armour and weapon is associated with the evolution of telson sparring. We carried out a comparative analysis of telson impact mechanics across 15 mantis shrimp species to assess if the telsons of sparring species (i) are consistently specialized for impact-resistance, (ii) are more impact-resistant than those of non-sparring species, and (iii) have impact parameters that correlate with body size, and thereby useful for assessment. Our data from ball drop tests show that the telsons of all species function like a stiff spring that dissipates most of the impact energy, but none of the measured impact parameters are correlated with the occurrence of sparring behaviour. Impact parameters were correlated with body mass for only some species, suggesting that it is not broadly useful for size assessment during ritualized fighting. Contrary to expectation, sparring mantis shrimp do not appear to have coevolved telson armour that is more robust to impact than non-sparring species. Rather, telson structure is inherently impact-resistant.
- Published
- 2019
6. Genome-wide screening of mouse knockouts reveals novel genes required for normal integumentary and oculocutaneous structure and function
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Moore, Bret A, Flenniken, Ann M, Clary, Dave, Moshiri, Ata S, Nutter, Lauryl MJ, Berberovic, Zorana, Owen, Celeste, Newbigging, Susan, Adissu, Hibret, Eskandarian, Mohammad, McKerlie, Colin, Thomasy, Sara M, Lloyd, KC Kent, Murphy, Christopher J, and Moshiri, Ala
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Biological Sciences ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Genetics ,Human Genome ,Biotechnology ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Aetiology ,Albinism ,Oculocutaneous ,Animals ,Disease Models ,Animal ,Female ,Humans ,Integumentary System ,Male ,Mice ,Mice ,Knockout ,Pigmentation ,International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium - Abstract
Oculocutaneous syndromes are often due to mutations in single genes. In some cases, mouse models for these diseases exist in spontaneously occurring mutations, or in mice resulting from forward mutatagenesis screens. Here we present novel genes that may be causative for oculocutaneous disease in humans, discovered as part of a genome-wide screen of knockout-mice in a targeted single-gene deletion project. The International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC) database (data release 10.0) was interrogated for all mouse strains with integument abnormalities, which were then cross-referenced individually to identify knockouts with concomitant ocular abnormalities attributed to the same targeted gene deletion. The search yielded 307 knockout strains from unique genes with integument abnormalities, 226 of which have not been previously associated with oculocutaneous conditions. Of the 307 knockout strains with integument abnormalities, 52 were determined to have ocular changes attributed to the targeted deletion, 35 of which represent novel oculocutaneous genes. Some examples of various integument abnormalities are shown, as well as two examples of knockout strains with oculocutaneous phenotypes. Each of the novel genes provided here are potentially relevant to the pathophysiology of human integumentary, or oculocutaneous conditions, such as albinism, phakomatoses, or other multi-system syndromes. The novel genes reported here may implicate molecular pathways relevant to these human diseases and may contribute to the discovery of novel therapeutic targets.
- Published
- 2019
7. Integument Development in Arabidopsis Depends on Interaction of YABBY Protein INNER NO OUTER with Coactivators and Corepressors
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Simon, Marissa K, Skinner, Debra J, Gallagher, Thomas L, and Gasser, Charles S
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Biochemistry and Cell Biology ,Bioinformatics and Computational Biology ,Biological Sciences ,Biotechnology ,Genetics ,Underpinning research ,1.1 Normal biological development and functioning ,Arabidopsis ,Arabidopsis Proteins ,Flowers ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Plant ,Histone Acetyltransferases ,Integumentary System ,Mutation ,Ovule ,Transcription Factors ,ovule ,integument ,polarity ,YABBY gene ,ADA2b ,Developmental Biology ,Biochemistry and cell biology - Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana INNER NO OUTER (INO) is a YABBY protein that is essential for the initiation and development of the outer integument of ovules. Other YABBY proteins have been shown to be involved in both negative and positive regulation of expression of putative target genes. YABBY proteins have also been shown to interact with the corepressor LEUNIG (LUG) in several systems. In support of a repressive role for INO, we confirm that INO interacts with LUG and also find that INO directly interacts with SEUSS (SEU), a known corepressive partner of LUG. Further, we find that INO can directly interact with ADA2b/PROPORZ1 (PRZ1), a transcriptional coactivator that is known to interact with the histone acetyltransferase GENERAL CONTROL NONREPRESSIBLE PROTEIN 5 (GCN5, also known as HAG1). Mutations in LUG, SEU, and ADA2b/PRZ1 all lead to pleiotropic effects including a deficiency in the extension of the outer integument. Additive and synergistic effects of ada2b/prz1 and lug mutations on outer integument formation indicate that these two genes function independently to promote outer integument growth. The ino mutation is epistatic to both lug and ada2b/prz1 in the outer integument, and all three proteins are present in the nuclei of a common set of outer integument cells. This is consistent with a model where INO utilizes these coregulator proteins to activate and repress separate sets of target genes. Other Arabidopsis YABBY proteins were shown to also form complexes with ADA2b/PRZ1, and have been previously shown to interact with SEU and LUG. Thus, interaction with these corepressors and coactivator may represent a general mechanism to explain the positive and negative activities of YABBY proteins in transcriptional regulation. The LUG, SEU, and ADA2b/PRZ1 proteins would also separately be recruited to targets of other transcription factors, consistent with their roles as general coregulators, explaining the pleiotropic effects not associated with YABBY function.
- Published
- 2017
8. Diverse stimuli induce piloerection and yield varied autonomic responses in humans.
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McPhetres J
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- Humans, Male, Female, Adult, Heart Rate, Body Temperature, Young Adult, Touch physiology, Autonomic Nervous System physiology
- Abstract
This research provides an in-depth exploration into the triggers and corresponding autonomic responses of piloerection, a phenomenon prevalent across various species. In non-human species, piloerection occurs in reaction to a variety of environmental changes, including social interactions and temperature shifts. However, its understanding in humans has been confined to emotional contexts. This is problematic because it reflects solely upon subjective experience rather than an objective response to the environment. Further, given our shared evolutionary paths, piloerection should function similarly in humans and other animals. I observed 1198 piloerection episodes from eight participants while simultaneously recording multiple autonomic and body temperature indices, finding that piloerection in humans can be elicited by thermal, tactile, and audio-visual stimuli with equal effectiveness. The data also revealed variations in cardiac reactivity measures: audio-visual piloerection was associated with greater sympathetic arousal, while tactile piloerection was linked to greater parasympathetic arousal. Despite prevailing notions of piloerection as a vestigial response in humans, it does respond to decreases in skin temperature and is associated with a rise in skin temperature during episodes. This research underscores that piloerection in humans is not purely vestigial, nor is it solely an affective response to emotional stimuli. Rather, it is best understood as a reflexive response to environmental changes, suggesting a shared functional similarity with other species., Competing Interests: Competing interests The authors declare no competing or financial interests., (© 2024. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.)
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- 2024
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9. CYP4G subfamily genes mediate larval integument development in Spodoptera frugiperda.
- Author
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Zhou X, Yuan H, Ye N, Rong C, Li Y, Jiang X, Cao H, and Huang Y
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- Animals, RNA Interference, Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System genetics, Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System metabolism, Spodoptera genetics, Spodoptera growth & development, Larva growth & development, Larva genetics, Insect Proteins genetics, Insect Proteins metabolism, Integumentary System
- Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 4G subfamily is closely related to the synthesis of cuticular hydrocarbons, leading to the enhanced desiccation and insecticide resistance of pests. However, functions of CYP4Gs in larval integument development remain unknown in Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), which is a major transboundary migratory pest and become a common pest in China. On the basis of the genome and transcriptome datasets of S. frugiperda, CYP4G74, CYP4G75, CYP4G108, and CYP4G109 were identified, which contained the conserved domains of P450s and CYP4Gs. The spatial and temporal expression analysis showed that CYP4G74 and CYP4G75 were significantly highly expressed in adults and larval integuments, while CYP4G108 and CYP4G109 had low expressions in larval integuments. After silencing CYP4G74 and CYP4G75 by RNA interference, abnormal integument development occurred in larvae, some of which became smaller and dead, indicating important roles of CYP4G74 and CYP4G75 in the synthesis and development of integuments. The results clarify the functions of CYP4Gs in S. frugiperda and provide potential targets for the control of this pest., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.)
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- 2024
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10. Comparative morphology of the compound rhamphotheca of tubenosed seabirds (order Procellariiformes).
- Author
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Piro, Alejandra
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COMPARATIVE anatomy ,MAXILLA ,MANDIBLE ,ALBATROSSES ,CORMORANTS ,CEREBRAL sulci - Abstract
Compound rhamphothecae are characteristically present in the order Procellariiformes, but other birds also show this feature: ostriches, tinamous, cormorants, pelicans, herons. In Procellariiformes the shape, size and features of the rhamphotheca are not related to feeding mechanisms and/or displays (as in most birds) but with their nasal gland excretions and highly developed olfactory organ. The compound rhamphothecae are composed by several plates: the dorsal culminicorn, naricorn forming the tubes, the laterals latericorn, and premaxillary nail (upper jaw); the ramicorn and the mandibular nail (lower jaw). A nasolabial groove is present between the culminicorn and the latericorn, and caudally to the premaxillary nail. The mentolabial groove is between the ramicorn and the mandibular nail. Diomedeidae present a pseudomental fold and groove in the ventral part of the mandibular nail, the fold varies in its caudal extension. The ramicorn in Procellariidae is divided longitudinally into ventral and dorsal ramicorn by a suture. This feature is not found in other Procellariiformes except in Phoebetria palpebrata (Diomedeidae). The development and fusion of the tubes in Procellariidae vary as: a single tube, a partially fused tube, or completely separated tubes. Its extension is variable, reaching its greatest length in Macronectes giganteus. In Diomedeidae the configuration of the incurrent and excurrent apertures within or outside the tubes vary, and they present the shortest tubes. The grooves in Procellariidae vary in their development: the nasolabial groove sometimes is well marked with sutures, the ramicorn groove is always a sulcus (except for Fulmarus glacialoides) and expands cranially and/or caudally forming a triangle-shape depending on the species. In Diomedeidae the culminolabial groove presents variation at the dorsal branch, it can be: well developed, less developed or brief. Oceanitidae and Hydrobatidae present less variation. Phylogenetically, beaks of Oceanitidae and Hydrobatidae are the most basal, whereas Diomedeidae beaks derived from Procellariidae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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11. Stress physiology and weapon integrity of intertidal mantis shrimp under future ocean conditions.
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deVries, Maya S, Webb, Summer J, Tu, Jenny, Cory, Esther, Morgan, Victoria, Sah, Robert L, Deheyn, Dimitri D, and Taylor, Jennifer RA
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Integumentary System ,Animals ,Crustacea ,Minerals ,Water Movements ,Oxidative Stress ,Molting ,Oceans and Seas ,Stress ,Physiological ,X-Ray Microtomography ,Biomechanical Phenomena ,Stress ,Physiological - Abstract
Calcified marine organisms typically experience increased oxidative stress and changes in mineralization in response to ocean acidification and warming conditions. These effects could hinder the potency of animal weapons, such as the mantis shrimp's raptorial appendage. The mechanical properties of this calcified weapon enable extremely powerful punches to be delivered to prey and aggressors. We examined oxidative stress and exoskeleton structure, mineral content, and mechanical properties of the raptorial appendage and the carapace under long-term ocean acidification and warming conditions. The predatory appendage had significantly higher % Mg under ocean acidification conditions, while oxidative stress levels as well as the % Ca and mechanical properties of the appendage remained unchanged. Thus, mantis shrimp tolerate expanded ranges of pH and temperature without experiencing oxidative stress or functional changes to their weapons. Our findings suggest that these powerful predators will not be hindered under future ocean conditions.
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- 2016
12. Legal Documentation in Pressure Ulcer/Injury Cases.
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Kaucher, James, Bohnenkamp, Susan, Kennedy-Evans, Karen Lou, and Bohnenkamp, Mitchell
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- *
LEGISLATION , *PRESSURE ulcers , *SKIN care , *NURSING specialties , *CONTINUING education units , *LEGAL liability , *AUTOMATIC speech recognition , *MEDICATION errors , *FAMILIES , *DOCUMENTATION , *HEALTH insurance reimbursement , *RISK assessment , *COURTS , *MALPRACTICE , *DECISION making , *HEALTH care teams , *COMMUNICATION , *INTERPROFESSIONAL relations , *ELECTRONIC health records , *MANAGEMENT , *WORKING hours , *PATIENT education , *WOUND care , *COMORBIDITY , *MEDICAL needs assessment , *PERSONNEL management , *DISEASE risk factors - Abstract
Litigation arising from pressure ulcers and skin breakdown constitutes an increasingly large percentage of liability claims against healthcare facilities. Burdens imposed by pressure ulcer/pressure injury litigation, legal standards that apply to claims involving pressure ulcers, and ways in which healthcare leaders can improve care and mitigate claim risk are explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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13. Herpes zoster meningitis in a rheumatoid arthritis patient treated with tofacitinib
- Author
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Yoshihiro Nakamura, Daiyu Honda, Naoho Takizawa, and Yoshiro Fujita
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Arthritis, Rheumatoid ,Male ,Pyrimidines ,integumentary system ,Piperidines ,Acyclovir ,Humans ,General Medicine ,Antiviral Agents ,Herpes Zoster - Abstract
A man in his 70s with rheumatoid arthritis presented with seizures and coma and was transferred to our emergency department. Two months prior to admission, he started to take tofacitinib 10 mg/day. On admission, we noted a rash with a blister on the forehead, and herpes zoster was diagnosed. Cerebrospinal fluid examination suggested meningitis. An MRI of the brain showed no abnormality. Based on these findings, he was suspected with herpes zoster meningitis. We discontinued tofacitinib and treated the patient with intravenous acyclovir for 2 weeks. He regained complete consciousness, but right forehead skin lesion, severe vision loss in the right eye and right facial nerve paralysis remained as sequelae. Six weeks after admission, we restarted tofacitinib with oral valaciclovir as antiviral prophylaxis. Two years after admission, we administered Shingrix, an adjuvant recombinant vaccine for herpes zoster, and discontinued oral valaciclovir.
- Published
- 2024
14. A Multi-Systems Approach to Human Movement after ACL Reconstruction: The Integumentary System.
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Lucas, Kathryn, Todd, Patricia, and Ness, Brandon M.
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WOUND healing ,SPORTS participation ,CARDIOVASCULAR system physiology ,NEUROPHYSIOLOGY ,BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL model ,SKIN ,SKIN care ,SPORTS injuries ,MUSCULOSKELETAL system physiology ,ANTERIOR cruciate ligament injuries ,ANTERIOR cruciate ligament surgery ,REHABILITATION - Abstract
Postoperative management of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction has traditionally focused on the evaluation and intervention of musculoskeletal components such as range of motion and patients' reports of function. The integumentary system can provide early indications that rehabilitation may be prolonged due to protracted or poor healing of the incision sites. Full evaluation of the reconstruction over time, including direction of the incisions, appearance of surgical sites, level of residual innervation, and health of the individual should be considered when determining time-based goals and plans for returning an athlete to activity. Skin care techniques should be used to minimize strain and promote wound healing at the surgical sites, which in turn allows for implementation of other interventions that target other body systems such as locomotion, strength training, and cardiopulmonary conditioning. The integration of the integumentary system with cardiovascular, neurological, and muscular systems is required for a successful return to activity. A multi-physiologic systems approach may provide a unique viewpoint when aiming to attain a greater appreciation of the integumentary system and its integration with other body systems following ACL reconstruction. The purpose of this clinical commentary is to discuss integumentary considerations within a multi-physiologic systems approach to human movement after ACL reconstruction, including an anatomical review, key elements of assessment, and integrated intervention strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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15. Mycobacterium haemophilum in a patient with inflammatory bowel disease.
- Author
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Kong, Fleur W, Wong, David, Sharpe, Kendall, Pool, Louis, and Muir, James
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- 2022
- Full Text
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16. A social insect fertility signal is dependent on chemical context
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Smith, Adrian A, Millar, Jocelyn G, and Suarez, Andrew V
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Zoology ,Biological Sciences ,Contraception/Reproduction ,Animals ,Ants ,Female ,Fertility ,Hydrocarbons ,Integumentary System ,Pheromones ,Reproduction ,fertility signal ,cuticular hydrocarbon ,queen pheromone ,Evolutionary Biology ,Biological sciences - Abstract
Identifying group members and individuals' status within a group are fundamental tasks in animal societies. For ants, this information is coded in the cuticular hydrocarbon profile. We manipulated profiles of the ant Odontomachus brunneus to examine whether the releaser and primer effects of fertility signals are dependent on chemical context. Fertility status is signalled through increased abundance of (Z)-9-nonacosene (Z9 : C29). Across the ant's distribution, populations have distinct hydrocarbon profiles but the fertility signal is conserved. Foreign queens and fertility-signal-treated workers from the same population, sharing a similar chemical background, elicited releaser effects from workers, whereas queens and fertility-signal-treated workers from different populations did not. Z9 : C29 presented without chemical background did not elicit releaser effects. A primer-effect experiment found that Z9 : C29, presented without a chemical background, did not inhibit worker reproduction. Our results demonstrate that a familiar chemical background is necessary for appropriate responses to fertility signals.
- Published
- 2015
17. Fundamentals of Human Biology and Anatomy
- Author
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Hasirci, Vasif, Hasirci, Nesrin, Hasirci, Vasif, and Hasirci, Nesrin
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- 2018
- Full Text
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18. Skin Cancer Management: Current Scenario And Future Perspectives
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Mehak, Jindal, Malkiet, Kaur, Manju, Nagpal, Manjinder, Singh, Geeta, Aggarwal, and Gitika Arora, Dhingra
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Pharmacology ,integumentary system ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Toxicology - Abstract
Skin cancer is a life threatening disease and has caused significant loss to human health across the globe. Its prevalence has been increasing every year and is one of the common malignancies in case of organ transplant recipients of which 95% constitute the basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas. Around the 20th century, sunlight has proven to be the major cause of skin cancer. The prime factor that is responsible for causing skin cancer is the UV radiations. A novel hypothesis by US scientists stated that the cutaneous melanoma was mainly due to the recurrent exposure to the sun, whereas keratinocyte cancer occurred due to progressive accumulation of sun exposure. Management of skin cancer has been done via various approaches such as cryotherapy, radiotherapy, photodynamic therapy etc. Radiotherapy has proven to treat skin cancers to some extent after the discovery of X-rays, but the indication are uncertain since it depends upon the type of tumour and surgical treatment that is required for the patient. Due to various limitations of skin cancer treatment and increased severity, there is a requirement of cost effective, novel and efficient treatment. Various nanocarriers such as SLNs, magnetic nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes etc have been the potential carriers in the management and prognosis of both non-melanoma and melanoma skin cancer. To extract the results, various research and review database along with patent reports have been studied and information has been compiled. A review also discuss about the role of various nanocarriers in the treatment and diagnosis of skin cancer.
- Published
- 2023
19. Multifunctional Elastin-Like Polypeptide Fusion Protein Coacervates Inhibit Receptor-Mediated Proinflammatory Signals and Promote Angiogenesis in Mouse Diabetic Wounds
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Hwan June Kang, Henry C. Hsia, Biraja C. Dash, Francois Berthiaume, Martin L. Yarmush, and Suneel Kumar
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Tube formation ,integumentary system ,biology ,business.industry ,Angiogenesis ,Pharmacology ,Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine ,Fusion protein ,RAGE (receptor) ,Glycation ,Emergency Medicine ,biology.protein ,Medicine ,business ,Receptor ,Wound healing ,Elastin - Abstract
Objective Chronic skin wounds are one of the most devastating complications in diabetic patients due to the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) resulting from non-enzymatic glycation of proteins and lipids in hyperglycemia. AGEs, upon binding their receptors (RAGEs), trigger pro-inflammatory signals that impair wound healing in diabetes and contribute to the pathology of chronic skin wounds. Approach We previously developed a recombinant fusion protein containing the binding domain of RAGE (vRAGE) linked to elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) that acts as a competitive inhibitor of AGEs, and another ELP fusion protein containing stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF1) that promotes revascularization. Herein, we report the effects of protein coacervates incorporating both vRAGE-ELP and SDF1-ELP on wound healing in an in vitro diabetes-mimicking cell culture system, and in in vivo in full-thickness wounds on diabetic mice. Results The combination of vRAGE-ELP and SDF1-ELP increased cell metabolic activity in AGE-stimulated endothelial cells, promoted in vitro tube formation and accelerated healing in an in vitro cell migration assay. When used in a single topical application on full-thickness excisional skin wounds in diabetic mice, wound closure in the combination groups reached almost 100% on post-wounding day 35, compared to 62% and 85% on the same days in animals treated with fibrin gel control and vehicle control consisting of ELP alone. Innovation To our knowledge, this is the first study that attempts to reverse the AGE-RAGE-mediated signaling as well as to promote cell proliferation and vascularization in one single treatment. Conclusion The co-delivery of vRAGE-ELP and SDF1-ELP has potential for the treatment of diabetic wounds.
- Published
- 2023
20. Toxicity evaluation of oxamyl against tomato russet mite, Aculops lycopersici (Massee) (Acari: Eriophyideae) and two spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) under greenhouse conditions
- Author
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S. S. Alhewairini
- Subjects
Aculops lycopersici ,Mites ,integumentary system ,Tetranychus urticae ,tomato ,Solanum lycopersicum ,parasitic diseases ,oxamyl ,Animals ,Neosiulus cucumeris ,Carbamates ,Tetranychidae ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Euseius scutalis - Abstract
Agriculture sector of Saudi Arabia is growing swiftly and tomato is an important crop cultivated mostly under green houses. Unfortunately, it is facing severe infestation due to divers mite species. Present study, relates to evaluation of toxicity of oxamyl against two phytophagous mites; Aculops lycopersici and Tetranychus urticae, isolated from tomato plants suffering from infestation. Simultaneous effect of oxamyl on two predatory mites; Neosiulus cucumeris and Euseius scutalis, was also evaluated. Three concentrations of oxamyl; half of the recommended dose (HRD), recommended dose (RD) and double recommended dose (DRD), were used against each mite specie to observe mortality within seven days as compared to the control. Significant mortality of 97.91% and 93.92% was observed in A. lycopersici and T. urticae, respectively at RD. In case of predatory mites; N. cucumeris and E. scutalis, mortality was 60.61% and 64.48%, respectively, under same conditions. Mortality of mites observed at HRD was insignificant and there was negligible increase in mortality at DRD. Oxamyl being less toxic to predatory mites and significantly mortal to phytophagous mites is recommended as a tool to as a tool to achieve biological control parallel to pesticidal effect.
- Published
- 2024
21. Minocycline-induced blue sclera and skin hyperpigmentation
- Author
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Stacey Law
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,integumentary system ,Side effect ,business.industry ,Minocycline ,General Medicine ,SKIN DISCOLOURATION ,Amiodarone ,Dermatology ,Sclera ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Lethargy ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Hyperpigmentation ,Skin hyperpigmentation ,medicine ,Humans ,business ,Adverse effect ,medicine.drug ,Aged ,Skin - Abstract
A 73-year-old man presented to the emergency department with lethargy and influenza-like symptoms. Incidentally, prominent blue sclera and blue-grey skin discolouration to the periorbital skin, pinnae, neck, upper and lower limbs, hands, feet, fingernails and toenails were noted. His general practitioner (GP) had previously ceased amiodarone, believing it to be the causative agent. A literature search confirms the side effects were likely due to minocycline, which the patient had been taking for 10 years. Long-term minocycline use is associated with scleral and skin hyperpigmentation, with no apparent adverse effect on ocular structure or function. The pigmentation may reverse with cessation of minocycline, or it may be permanent. Amiodarone may also cause skin hyperpigmentation, but scleral pigmentation is not a known association. This case report explores the side effect profiles of these two drugs, and highlights the potential for confusion regarding causative agents when used concurrently.
- Published
- 2023
22. Atezolizumab-induced scleroderma: a rare complication
- Author
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Varun Chalasani, Adam Dore, Jeffrey Uchin, and Christon Grant
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Chemotherapy ,Lung Neoplasms ,integumentary system ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Autoantibody ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ,Dermatology ,Connective tissue disease ,Rheumatology ,Scleroderma ,Scleroderma, Localized ,Atezolizumab ,Internal medicine ,Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ,Skin biopsy ,Medicine ,Humans ,Female ,business ,Complication - Abstract
Few cases of programmed death-ligand 1 inhibitor-induced scleroderma have been reported and their clinical features remain unpublished. Optimal management is, therefore, unknown and an autoantibody association has yet to be identified. We present the case of a female in her 60s who developed skin thickening after starting atezolizumab for metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. Skin biopsy 7 months after symptom onset showed histological changes consistent with scleroderma. Anti-PM/SCL-75 antibody was positive. Atezolizumab was discontinued and treatment was started with mycophenolate mofetil. After 5 months, she experienced mild improvement in skin thickening. Earlier identification of this complication may limit morbidity in this disease process, which otherwise has limited treatment options. In suspected cases, obtaining scleroderma-associated autoantibodies may help with earlier diagnosis.
- Published
- 2023
23. Effects of 10-kHz Subthreshold Stimulation on Human Peripheral Nerve Activation
- Author
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Deletis, Vedran, Shils, Jay, Anso, Juan, Villar Ortega, Eduardo, Marchal-Crespo, Laura, Buetler, Karin A, Raabe, Andreas, and Seidel, Kathleen
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Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine ,integumentary system ,Neurology ,Neurology (clinical) ,General Medicine ,610 Medicine & health - Abstract
OBJECTIVE The mechanisms of action of high-frequency stimulation (HFS) are unknown. We investigated the possible mechanism of subthreshold superexcitability of HFS on the excitability of the peripheral nerve. MATERIALS AND METHODS The ulnar nerve was stimulated at the wrist in six healthy participants with a single (control) stimulus, and the responses were compared with the responses to a continuous train of 5 seconds at frequencies of 500 Hz, 2.5 kHz, 5 kHz, and 10 kHz. Threshold intensity for compound muscle action potential (CMAP) was defined as intensity producing a 100-μV amplitude in ten sequential trials and "subthreshold" as 10% below the CMAP threshold. HFS threshold was defined as stimulation intensity eliciting visible tetanic contraction. RESULTS Comparing the threshold of single pulse stimulation for eliciting CMAP vs threshold for HFS response and pooling data at different frequencies (500 Hz-10 kHz) revealed a significant difference (p = 0.00015). This difference was most obvious at 10 kHz, with a mean value for threshold reduction of 42.2%. CONCLUSIONS HFS with a stimulation intensity below the threshold for a single pulse induces axonal superexcitability if applied in a train. It can activate the peripheral nerve and produce a tetanic muscle response. Subthreshold superexcitability may allow new insights into the mechanism of HFS.
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- 2023
24. Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis
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Anila Vasireddy, Kanthilatha Pai, Varsha M Shetty, Raviraja V Acharya, Ramamoorthi Kusugodlu, Akhila Doddamani, and Sharath P Madhyastha
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integumentary system ,General Medicine ,bacterial infections and mycoses - Abstract
Scrub typhus is a disease endemic to the Indian subcontinent caused by the obligate intracellular pleomorphic organism, Orientia tsutsugamushi. Scrub typhus, among other acute febrile illnesses, manifests as prodromal symptoms of fever, malaise, myalgia and anorexia followed by a distinct maculopapular rash, hepatosplenomegaly and lymphadenopathy. We report the case of a patient presenting to tertiary care hospital in southern India in 2021 who developed a rare cutaneous vasculitis secondary to infection with Orientia tsutsugamushi. After performing the Weil-Felix test, a diagnostic titre of >1:640 against OXK was obtained. Furthermore, a skin biopsy was carried out which confirmed the diagnosis of leukocytoclastic vasculitis. The patient was treated with doxycycline and showed drastic improvement in his symptoms. Keywords: Scrub Typhus, Rickettsia; Vasculitis; Doxycycline; India.
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- 2023
25. Design and Evaluation of an Electrodermal Activity Sensor (EDA) With Adaptive Gain.
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Banganho, Antonio Rodrigues, dos Santos, Marcelino Bicho, and da Silva, Hugo Placido
- Abstract
Electrodermal activity (EDA) is a physiological signal that can be measured non-intrusively and associated with the sympathetic nervous system, hence being widely used nowadays. Although multiple sensor designs have been proposed over the years, practical hardware limitations still persist, due to differences in the electrode materials used to interface with the body, sweat gland density at the recording sites, and variability in the overall electrical properties of the skin in-between users. This is particularly challenging when low resolution Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADC) are used, which, due to the proliferation of open source and low-cost hardware platforms, are currently widespread. In this article we present a design and experimental evaluation of a new circuit for EDA measurement with adaptive gain control, allowing the dynamic adaptation of the measurement range. The proposed circuit has shown comparable results to those obtained with a reference sensor, obtaining a mean correlation coefficient of 0.967, and proved to have superior performance in cases where the reference sensor would saturate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
- Full Text
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26. Understanding Scarring in the Oral Mucosa
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Nestor M. Diaz Deleon, H. Peter Lorenz, Evan J. Fahy, Derrick C. Wan, Darren B. Abbas, Christopher V. Lavin, Nicholas Guardino, Michael T. Longaker, Megan King, Michelle Griffin, and Kellen Chen
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Adult ,Keratinocytes ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Wound Healing ,integumentary system ,business.industry ,Mouth Mucosa ,Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine ,Dermatology ,Dermal fibrosis ,Dermal fibroblast ,Cicatrix ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Emergency Medicine ,Medicine ,Humans ,Oral mucosa ,business ,Wound healing ,SKIN SCARRING ,Skin - Abstract
Significance: Skin inevitably heals with the formation of a fibrotic scar. Patients affected by skin scarring suffer from long-term psychological and physical burdens. Recent Advances: Since the di...
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- 2023
27. Autoimmune atrophic gastritis in systemic sclerosis
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Leela Krishna Vamsee Miriyala, Deepti Avasthi, Jean Thomas, and Salil Avasthi
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Gastritis, Atrophic ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Connective Tissue Disorder ,Atrophic gastritis ,Disease ,Esophageal Diseases ,Gastroenterology ,Pathogenesis ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,skin and connective tissue diseases ,Scleroderma, Systemic ,integumentary system ,business.industry ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,Reflux ,Gastric antral vascular ectasia ,General Medicine ,Acquired immune system ,medicine.disease ,digestive system diseases ,Gastritis ,business ,Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia - Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare connective tissue disorder with a complex pathogenesis involving vascular dysfunction, small vessel proliferation as well as alterations of innate and adaptive immunity. Gastrointestinal (GI) involvement in SSc is almost universal and affects nearly 90% of the patients. Of all the GI manifestations, 30%–75% are oesophageal abnormalities, including gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, reflux oesophagitis and Barret’s oesophagus. The incidence of gastric manifestations is about 22% with a common presentation of gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE). However, autoimmune atrophic gastritis (AIG) is not a known manifestation of SSc. Our case has a unique presentation of the coexistence of GAVE and AIG. We have conducted a thorough literature review to study a possible association of AIG and SSc and understand the pathology of SSc.
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- 2023
28. Flushing episodes in the context of frontal fibrosing alopecia with facial papules
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Maria Auxiliadora Jeunon Sousa, Thales Lage Bicalho Bretas, Thiago Jeunon de Sousa Vargas, and Maria Claudia Almeida Issa
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Erythema ,Context (language use) ,medicine ,Humans ,Forehead ,Retrospective Studies ,Scalp ,integumentary system ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Frontal fibrosing alopecia ,Lichen Planus ,Hydroxychloroquine ,Alopecia ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Dermatology ,Trichoscopy ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Rosacea ,Skin biopsy ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) is a progressive frontotemporal hairline recession with eyebrow loss. Facial papules are present in up to 14% of FFA cases and can start with facial flushes. Nevertheless, these flushes are commonly associated with rosacea, a much more prevalent disease. In this case, a woman with FFA had, at first, clinical and histopathological findings of rosacea and was treated with ivermectin 1% cream with no improvement. She returned reporting new papules in the frontal region, reaching the frontotemporal hairline. Trichoscopy of the scalp showed mild perifollicular erythema and follicular scale. The new skin biopsy was compatible with FFA, and oral finasteride (5 mg/day) and hydroxychloroquine were introduced to stabilise the disease.
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- 2023
29. Applicability and Validity of an e-Health Tool for the Appropriate Referral and Selection of Patients With Chronic Pain for Spinal Cord Stimulation: Results From a European Retrospective Study
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Simon Thomson, Frank Huygen, Simon Prangnell, Ganesan Baranidharan, Hayat Belaïd, Bart Billet, Sam Eldabe, Giuliano De Carolis, Laura Demartini, Kliment Gatzinsky, Jan Willem Kallewaard, Mery Paroli, Matthias Winkelmüller, Nicky Helsen, Herman Stoevelaar, and Anesthesiology
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Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine ,integumentary system ,Neurology ,spinal cord stimulation ,e-health tool ,Chronic pain ,Neurology (clinical) ,General Medicine ,RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method ,patient selection - Abstract
Objectives: To support rational decision-making on spinal cord stimulation (SCS), a European expert panel developed an educational e-health tool using the RAND/University of California at Los Angeles Appropriateness Method. This retrospective study aimed to determine the applicability and validity of the tool using data from patients for whom SCS had been considered. Materials and Methods: A total of 12 European implant centers retrieved data from 25 to 50 consecutive patients for whom SCS was considered in 2018–2019. For each patient, data were captured on the clinical and psychosocial variables included in the e-health tool, center decisions on SCS, and patient outcomes. Patient outcomes included global perception of effect by the patient and observer, and pain reduction (numeric pain rating scale) at six-month follow-up. Results: In total, 483 patients were included, of whom 133 received a direct implant, 258 received an implant after a positive trial, 32 had a negative trial, and 60 did not receive SCS for reasons other than a negative trial. The most frequent indication was persistent spinal pain syndrome type 1 and type 2 (74%), followed by neuropathic pain syndromes (13%), complex regional pain syndrome (12%), and ischemic pain syndromes (0.8%). Data on the clinical and psychosocial variables were complete for 95% and 93% of patients, respectively, and missing data did not have a significant impact on the study outcomes. In patients who had received SCS, panel recommendations were significantly associated with patient outcomes (p < 0.001 for all measures). Substantial improvement ranged from 25% if the e-health tool outcome was “not recommended” to 83% if SCS was “strongly recommended”. In patients who underwent a trial (N = 290), there was 3% of trial failure when SCS was ”strongly recommended” vs 46% when SCS was ”not recommended”. Conclusions: Retrospective application of the e-health tool on patient data showed a strong relationship between the panel recommendations and both SCS trial results and treatment outcomes.
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- 2023
30. Comparative study of the efficacy of Ionic Silver Solution and Super Oxidized Solution in the management of chronic wounds
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Bharat Mishra, Dev Jyoti Sharma, and Chetna Arora
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0301 basic medicine ,03 medical and health sciences ,Wound assessment ,medicine.medical_specialty ,0302 clinical medicine ,integumentary system ,business.industry ,030106 microbiology ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,General Medicine ,business ,Surgery - Abstract
Background Chronic wounds are of many etiologies and difficult to treat. Many commercial products to manage such wounds are available, which claim to have good outcomes. Aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of Ionic Silver Solution and Super Oxidized Solution in the management of chronic wounds. Methods Patients with chronic wounds were randomly placed in two groups-Group A (Ionic Silver Solution) and Group B (Super Oxidized Solution) with 30 patients each. The dressings were continued until the wound healed completely or the wound was ready for a definitive procedure. Wound parameters were recorded as per Bates Jensen Wound Assessment Tool (BJWAT) Score. Results FIfty patients completed the study. The scores were compared at the initiation and endpoint of treatment. The pretreatment total for BJWAT was 916 and 924 in group A and group B respectively, which was not statistically significant. Post-treatment improvement was noticed in both the groups and the score decreased to 510 and 675 in group A and group B respectively (p = 0.001). Ionic Silver Solution and Super Oxidized Solution both were found to be effective in improving the overall wound condition. However, Ionic Silver Solution was found to be more effective than Super Oxidized Solution in the healing of chronic wounds. Complete healing was noticed in a small number (6%) of patients. These agents can therefore best prepare the wounds for early surgical intervention. Conclusion Both the agents were found to be safe and useful in the management of chronic wounds. However, Ionic Silver Solution was found to be more effective than the super oxidized solution in this study.
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- 2023
31. Use of Spinal Cord Stimulators in Patients With Pacemakers or Implantable Cardiac Defibrillators: A Review of Documented Accounts of Interference
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Nicholas A. Zacharias, Joshua Manuel Martens, Kenneth Fiala, Christopher R. Glover, and Alaa Abd-Elsayed
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medicine.medical_specialty ,integumentary system ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Device placement ,Small sample ,General Medicine ,Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator ,Spinal cord stimulator ,Cardiac pacemaker ,law.invention ,Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,Neurology ,Standard definition ,law ,medicine ,In patient ,Neurology (clinical) ,Cardiac device ,business - Abstract
Objectives To assess the currently available evidence regarding associations between spinal cord stimulator (SCS) lead type, clinical indications for device placement, and interference between SCSs and cardiac pacemakers (CPMs)/implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs). Study design Review of case reports and original research studies assessing the interference between SCS and CPM/ICD. Materials and methods PubMed and Cochrane databases were searched for articles commenting on the interference between SCS and CPM/ICD. The search criteria which generated the greatest number of relevant studies was (spinal cord stimulator AND [pacemaker OR implantable cardioverter defibrillator]). Additional, empiric review was conducted using JSTOR, ScienceDirect, and EBSCOhost databases; however, no additional eligible studies were identified. Data were extracted, summarized into tables, and quantitatively analyzed using LibreTexts and MedCalc software. Results There was no statistically significant interference observed between SCS and CPM/ICD devices in patients regardless of indication for SCS placement and SCS lead polarity. Limitations Limited by variability of patient cases and variability in maximum frequency and amplitude of SCS devices tried in individual cases. Also limited by small sample size and the absence of a standard definition for device interference across studies. Conclusions Interference between cardiac devices and SCSs is a rare occurrence. As there are currently no published guidelines, devices should be interrogated on a case-by-case basis in the SCS trial period (if implanted after cardiac device), during permanent implantation, and during scheduled follow-up visits. Peri-operative testing should include increasing the SCS settings to maximally tolerated levels with cardiac device set at its maximum sensitivity.
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- 2023
32. Comparative analysis of open loop and non-isolated control for solar panel
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G.B. EzhilJenekkha and M. MarsalineBeno
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integumentary system ,Computer science ,Control theory ,biological sciences ,Control (management) ,Open-loop controller ,food and beverages ,ComputerSystemsOrganization_SPECIAL-PURPOSEANDAPPLICATION-BASEDSYSTEMS ,General Medicine ,Current (fluid) ,Voltage - Abstract
The aim of this paper is to have comparative analysis of open loop control provided for solar panel and the non isolated control provided for solar panel. Solar current and Voltage for the designed panel was determined and the maximum voltage and current are determined for the designed panel. Maximum efficient processing system has been determined by accounting two controllers for the designed solar panel.
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- 2023
33. Advanced selection materials in solar cell efficiency and their properties - A comprehensive review
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Ibrahim M. Alarifi
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Materials science ,New materials ,02 engineering and technology ,engineering.material ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Coating ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,Solar cell ,Wafer ,010302 applied physics ,integumentary system ,other ,food and beverages ,General Medicine ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells ,Engineering physics ,Superhydrophobic coating ,Solar cell efficiency ,chemistry ,biological sciences ,engineering ,0210 nano-technology ,Copper indium gallium selenide - Abstract
Solar cell layers technology has achieved global standing in the solar cell layers deposition process, and it covers the innovative methods and techniques in significant applications. Recent solar cell layers technology has an advanced interest in a refined approach to enhance performance and highlights the importance of recent proficient procedures for manufacturing. For example, the application is used to search for novel materials for solar cells' layers to clarify the current energy crisis. The technological process and various types of solar cells depend on climate change. Among them, layers of solar cells and silicon wafer solar cells are very encouraging. Solar cell layers technology has led to solar cells being a more reasonable active option in design and production. The productivities facilitated by new solar cells still need to be enhanced for the various processes involved in the additional enhancement from Copper Indium Gallium Selenide (CIGS) microfilms to solar cell crystal structure dye-sensitized solar cells. The hydrophobic coating works as an anti-dust coating, enhancing efficiency and decreasing the cost of cleaning solar cells. In Saudi Arabia Majmaah City, most solar projects are in dry regions, where the dusty weather reduces solar cell efficiency. Therefore, combining these two properties and applying an anti-reflective and superhydrophobic coating will increase solar cell efficiency by 20%. Solar cells' crystal structure results are substituted with layers or new materials to balance environmental impact and toxic nature.
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- 2023
34. An explorative study comparing skin surface lipids in the West Highland white terrier dog with and without atopic dermatitis
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Helen L, Orbell, Nick J, Cave, Katharina, Parry, and Craig E, Griffin
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sebaceous ,General Veterinary ,integumentary system ,cutaneous ,west highland white terrier ,Veterinary medicine ,atopy ,canine ,Lipids ,Dermatitis, Atopic ,lipidome ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Dogs ,epidermis ,dog ,SF600-1100 ,Animals ,stratum corneum ,Original Article ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,Dog Diseases ,Prospective Studies ,Skin ,Research Article ,mass spectrometry - Abstract
Background The skin barrier is important in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis and stratum corneum lipids have a critical role. Skin surface lipids have been largely overlooked but also contribute to barrier function. An untargeted approach was used to compare the skin surface lipids from atopic and non-atopic West Highland White terrier dogs (WHWT). Objectives The primary hypothesis was that a difference in the lipidome would exist. The secondary hypothesis was that affected and unaffected skin lipids would differ. Animals and methods This prospective, cross-sectional, case-controlled study included thirty-nine privately owned WHWTs. Dogs were assigned to one of four disease status groups based on strict criteria. Samples for lipid analysis were collected from the skin surface of unaffected and affected sites. Lipid analysis was by untargeted liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and utilised lipid identification software packages. Principle component analysis (PCA) and partial least-squares discriminant analysis (sPLS-DA) statistical methods analysed the association between the relative lipid abundance and disease status and affected and unaffected skin. Results Samples for lipid analysis found 421 lipid soluble features of which ten lipids were positively identified. Statistical analysis could not distinguish between non-atopic and atopic dogs but did reveal a statistically significant difference in the lipid profiles from affected and non-affected skin irrespective of disease status. Conclusions A large array of unidentified lipids from the skin surface were found with a difference between affected and unaffected skin unrelated to disease status. Investigation into the lipidome of the skin surface is an emerging area of research with clinical and therapeutic applications.
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- 2022
35. The Role of Neuroinflammation in Cognitive Functions and Social Interaction in Mice with Age-Dependent Neurodegeneration
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Gorina, Y.V., Lopatina, O.L., Komleva, Y.K., Chernikh, A.I., and Salmina, A.B.
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integumentary system ,Physiology ,Physiology (medical) ,NLRP3-mice ,behavior ,cerebrovascular inflammation ,memory - Abstract
Introduction. Early activation of the innate immune response as a compensatory mechanism can lead to the damage of vessels and their dysfunction. This enables the development and progression of cognitive dysfunction, alteration of cerebral microcirculation, thus makes the onset of age-related neurodegenerative diseases possible. Inflammasomes of NLRP3 play the important role as far as they are triggers of the inflammatory process in age-related chronic neurodegenerative diseases. Objectives. To study the development of social and cognitive impairments in aging NLRP3 knockout animals. Material and methods. The experimental group was NLRP3 knockout (NLRP3-/-) male mice of the line B6.129S6-Nlrp3tm1Bhk / JJ) aged 12 months (n=10); control group – C57BL/6.SJL male mice aged 12 months (n=10). Neurobehavioral testing: “open field” test, “X-maze” test, “light-dark box”, three-chamber social test, and “five-trial social memory” test. Results. In the “open field” test, when the social object appeared, NLRP3-/- animals spent less time at the center of the field I in comparison with the animals of the C57BL/6 line (p=0.013). NLRP3-/- animals spent more time in the black chamber compared to the animals in the control group (p=0.037) in the “light-dark box” test. In the “three-chamber social” test NLRP3-/- animals spent the same time both with the new and the already familiar social object (p=0.885). In the “five-trial social memory” test NLRP3-/- animals did not demonstrate reduction of interest towards individuals of the opposite sex in the fourth attempt compared to the first attempt. Conclusion. NLRP3-/- mice have the increased levels of anxiety and inhibition, disruption of memory, and destructive changes in the field of social contacts and interactions. This indicates a disorder in the sphere of emotional behavior, as well as social memory, №2 (2018)
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- 2022
36. The Relationship Between Autoimmune Disease and Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs on Wound Healing
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Kenneth L. Fan, Christopher E. Attinger, Karen K. Evans, Elizabeth G. Zolper, Jenna C. Bekeny, Helena B. Pasieka, Julianne Kiene, Ashley Rogers, Paige K. Dekker, Carol Deane Benedict, Suzanne Zhou, and Kunal M Kirloskar
- Subjects
Autoimmune disease ,Wound Healing ,medicine.medical_specialty ,integumentary system ,business.industry ,Anti rheumatic drugs ,Disease ,Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology ,Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Diabetic foot ,Diabetic Foot ,Autoimmune Diseases ,Wound care ,Antirheumatic Agents ,Internal medicine ,Cohort ,Emergency Medicine ,Humans ,Medicine ,Wound healing ,business ,Retrospective Studies - Abstract
Objective To evaluate the role of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) on wound healing outcomes of patients with autoimmune disease at our tertiary wound care center. Approach Retrospective review of patients presenting to our wound care center between 2014 and 2018 with both chronic wounds and a history of inflammatory disease. Patient demographics, comorbid conditions, and progression to complete wound healing were compared between those taking DMARDs or not at the time of wound onset. The study adheres to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement. Results 58 patients with a total of 296 wounds were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were taking at least one DMARD at wound onset in 217 (73.3%) of these wounds. The average number of DMARDs at wound onset was 1.5 (SD 1.2). 210 wounds progressed to heal (70.9%) with a median time to healing of 229.5 days (IQR 71.0-490.0). Of the 210 wounds that healed, patients taking at least one DMARD had a significantly shorter time to healing relative to patients who were not on any DMARDs (median 190.5 vs 340.0 days, p=0.0156). Innovation Characterizing wound healing outcomes at a tertiary hospital with a dedicated wound care center and analyzing the role of DMARDs in wound healing progression. Conclusions Chronic wounds are notoriously challenging to treat in the setting of autoimmune disease. The median time to healing in the studied cohort was 229.5 days, which is alarming when compared to patients with non-infected diabetic foot ulcers, who take a median time to heal of 30.8 days at our institution.10.
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- 2022
37. The Potential of Probiotics for Treating Skin Disorders: A Concise Review
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Shadi, Kianmehr, Maryam, Jahani, Nasrin, Moazzen, Hamid, Ahanchian, and Bahman, Khameneh
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integumentary system ,Probiotics ,Humans ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Lipids ,Dermatitis, Atopic ,Skin ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Abstract: Probiotics are defined as “live microorganisms that confer a health benefit on the host when administered adequately.” In recent years, the cosmetic industry has tried to develop many products classified as probiotics. They can exert their benefits at the skin level because of their favorite properties, and they could prevent and treat skin diseases and represent an emerging area for skin health. The antibacterial and immunomodulatory properties make them promising candidates to target skin disorders including acne, psoriasis, and atopic dermatitis and aid wound healing. The scientific reports show that specific probiotic strains can modulate cutaneous microflora, skin immune system, lipid barrier, and skin health preservation. This review summarizes the most relevant evidence from scientific literature concerning potential topical applications of probiotics in dermatology. Altogether, the evidence reported here affords the possibility of designing new strategies based on a topical approach to prevent and treat cutaneous disorders.
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- 2022
38. Erythema Nodosum Associated with Staphylococcus Species Infection in a Child
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Sanja Knezevic, Marija Radovanovic, Gordana Kostic, Nikola Prodanovic, and Tijana Prodanovic
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Erythema nodosum ,medicine.medical_specialty ,integumentary system ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Dermatology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,030221 ophthalmology & optometry ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Staphylococcus species ,business - Abstract
Erythema nodosum (EN) is a poly-etiological disease with an acute flow that is characterized by symmetric emergence of painful nodules often in pretibial areas. A twenty-month-old male child was admitted to hospital for evaluation of the eruptive skin changes in the lower extremities and forearms. The disease began 10 days before getting febricity and loose stools. The laboratory analysis showed an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and leukocytosis. Blood cultures demonstrated the presence of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, while Proteus vulgaris was isolated in urine cultures. After initiation of the empiric antibiotic therapy and then, the targeted antibiotic therapy according to the antibiogram, there was a significant improvement in a general condition and regression of cutaneous lesions. Erythema nodosum in the present case, is the result of staphylococcal bacteremia although Proteus vulgaris cannot be excluded as a cause.
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- 2022
39. Tanshinone IIA Suppresses Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Through Beclin-1-Mediated Autophagic Apoptosis
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Elaine Lai-Han Leung, Lei Yang, Shasha Bai, Jing Bai, Wenhao Wen, Yuan Zheng, Rong Zhang, Sainan Cui, Zhongqiu Liu, Yongfei Cui, and Huiyuan Lin
- Subjects
Caspase-9 ,education.field_of_study ,Environmental Engineering ,integumentary system ,General Computer Science ,biology ,Chemistry ,Materials Science (miscellaneous) ,General Chemical Engineering ,ATG5 ,Autophagy ,General Engineering ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Caspase 3 ,BECN1 ,Salvia miltiorrhiza ,Sequestosome 1 ,Apoptosis ,biology.protein ,Cancer research ,education - Abstract
It is necessary to develop a new strategy for treatment of lung cancer since it is the main cause of cancer death. Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA), an active ingredient of a commonly used traditional Chinese herb Salvia miltiorrhiza, provides a new direction to develop a new strategy for the treatment. It has been found that Tan IIA could inhibit lung cancer in vitro and in vivo by inducing autophagic apoptosis. Tan IIA increased apoptotic cells and the expression of cleaved caspase 3 and cleaved caspase 9, decreased B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)/Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) ratio in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines, which was promoted by an autophagy activator Rapamycin, and weaken by autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA). In addition, Tan IIA induced more autophagosomes, up-regulated light chain 3β (LC-3B) I and LC-3B II conversion and less sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1/p62) expression, which cannot be weakened by the caspase 3 antagonist. Moreover, overexpression of LC-3B gene (LC3B) and downregulation of autophagic gene 5 (ATG5) further confirmed that Tan IIA induced autophagic apoptosis in NSCLC cell lines. Beclin-1 gene (BECN1) overexpression and silence attenuated the effects of Tan IIA, suggesting autophagic apoptosis that Tan IIA induced was dependent on Beclin-1. Overall, our study demonstrated a new treatment mechanism of Tan IIA and suggested that Tan IIA is a potential new anti-cancer therapeutic option.
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- 2022
40. Unlocking the Potential of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Wound Healing: The Next Frontier of Regenerative Medicine
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Prashanth Vallabhajosyula, Laxminarayana Korutla, Henry C. Hsia, and Biraja C. Dash
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0301 basic medicine ,Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ,Regenerative Medicine ,Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine ,Bioinformatics ,Exosome ,Regenerative medicine ,030207 dermatology & venereal diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Animals ,Medicine ,Induced pluripotent stem cell ,Skin ,Wound Healing ,Tissue Engineering ,integumentary system ,business.industry ,Cell migration ,030104 developmental biology ,Emergency Medicine ,Wound closure ,Personalized medicine ,Stem cell ,business ,Wound healing - Abstract
Significance: Nonhealing wounds are a significant burden for the health care system all over the world. Existing treatment options are not enough to promote healing, highlighting the urgent need for improved therapies. In addition, the current advancements in tissue-engineered skin constructs and stem cell-based therapies are facing significant hurdles due to the absence of a renewable source of functional cells. Recent Advances: Induced pluripotent stem cell technology (iPSC) is emerging as a novel tool to develop the next generation of personalized medicine for the treatment of chronic wounds. The iPSC provides unlimited access to various skin cells to generate complex personalized three-dimensional skin constructs for disease modeling and autologous grafts. Furthermore, the iPSC-based therapies can target distinct wound healing phases and have shown accelerating wound closure by enhancing angiogenesis, cell migration, tissue regeneration, and modulating inflammation. Critical Issues: Since the last decade, iPSC has been revolutionizing the field of wound healing and skin tissue engineering. Despite the current progress, safety and heterogeneity among iPSC lines are still major hurdles in addition to the lack of large animal studies. These challenges need to be addressed before translating an iPSC-based therapy to the clinic. Future Directions: Future considerations should be given to performing large animal studies to check the safety and efficiency of iPSC-based therapy in a wound healing setup. Furthermore, strategies should be developed to overcome variation between hiPSC lines, develop an efficient manufacturing process for iPSC-derived products, and generate complex skin constructs with vasculature and skin appendages.
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- 2022
41. Leukocytoclastic vasculitis associated with multiple myeloma: A case report
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Fatimata Keita, Boubacar Ahy Diatta, Seynabou Fall, Boundia Djiba, Moustapha Niasse, and Moussa Diallo
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integumentary system ,Organic Chemistry ,skin and connective tissue diseases ,Biochemistry - Abstract
Leukocytoclastic vasculitis is a rare cutaneous manifestation in multiple myeloma and only twenty cases have been described to date. We report an unusual case with kappa IgA multiple myeloma in a 63 years old woman presented with leukocytoclastic vasculitis type of digital necrosis and leg ulcer. The vasculitis seems to be paraneoplastic as skin lesions regressed following multiple myeloma treatment.
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- 2022
42. Retention of fin clips and fin and operculum punch marks in rainbow trout
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Michael E. Barnes, Alex J. Rosburg, and Jacob L. Davis
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Dorsum ,Fin ,integumentary system ,Ecology ,Pelvic fin ,education ,Fish fin ,Anatomy ,Aquatic Science ,Biology ,Dorsal fin ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,medicine ,Rainbow trout ,cardiovascular diseases ,CLIPS ,Operculum (brain) ,human activities ,computer ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,computer.programming_language - Abstract
Fin clips (complete fin removal) or punch marks (stamping of a hole) in fins or operculum are quick and inexpensive methods to identify individuals or groups of fish. This study evaluated the retention of 6 mm diameter punch marks on the operculum, caudal (upper and lower lobes), dorsal, pelvic, and anal fins, and fin clips on adipose, pectoral, pelvic, dorsal and anal fins of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss for 279 days. Growth and survival were not significantly different among fish with the different mark types or locations. At the end of the experiment, 100% of adipose clips, 97% of pectoral and anal fin clips, and 93% of dorsal clips and pelvic fin clips were retained. Retention of punch marks was 57% and 50% for the lower and upper caudal fin lobe locations respectively, 23% for the dorsal fin, and 3% for the operculum. No pelvic or anal fin punch marks were identified at the end of the trial. Significant differences in retention among the treatment groups did not occur until 125 days post marking, after which all fin clip treatments had significantly greater retention than pelvic and dorsal punch marks. Beyond 244 days, fin clips outperformed all punch mark locations.
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- 2022
43. Lichens as a repository of bioactive compounds: an open window for green therapy against diverse cancers
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Zahid Ahmed Mangral, Shafiul Haque, Tanvir H. Dar, Pradeep Verma, Shahid Ul Islam, Sajad Ahmad Dar, Bhim Singh, and Rubiya Dar
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0301 basic medicine ,Cancer Research ,Cell cycle checkpoint ,Lichens ,integumentary system ,Cell division ,Autophagy ,Antineoplastic Agents ,Apoptosis ,Cell cycle ,Biology ,Antioxidants ,In vitro ,stomatognathic diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,stomatognathic system ,Biochemistry ,Neoplasms ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Cancer cell ,Humans ,Lichen - Abstract
Lichens, algae and fungi-based symbiotic associations, are sources of many important secondary metabolites, such as antibiotics, anti-inflammatory, antioxidants, and anticancer agents. Wide range of experiments based on in vivo and in vitro studies revealed that lichens are a rich treasure of anti-cancer compounds. Lichen extracts and isolated lichen compounds can interact with all biological entities currently identified to be responsible for tumor development. The critical ways to control the cancer development include induction of cell cycle arrests, blocking communication of growth factors, activation of anti-tumor immunity, inhibition of tumor-friendly inflammation, inhibition of tumor metastasis, and suppressing chromosome dysfunction. Also, lichen-based compounds induce the killing of cells by the process of apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis, that inturn positively modulates metabolic networks of cells against uncontrolled cell division. Many lichen-based compounds have proven to possess potential anti-cancer activity against a wide range of cancer cells, either alone or in conjunction with other anti-cancer compounds. This review primarily emphasizes on an updated account of the repository of secondary metabolites reported in lichens. Besides, we discuss the anti-cancer potential and possible mechanism of the most frequently reported secondary metabolites derived from lichens.
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- 2022
44. Connectivites in Dermatology: A series of 290 cases in Dakar, Senegal
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Niare Ndour, Maodo Ndiaye, Boubacar Ahy Diatta, Coumba Ndiaye, Imane Berrada, Jade Kaddoura, Mamadou Sarr, Elisabeth Diouf, Saër Diadie, Mame Téné Ndiaye, Aminata Deh, Khadim Diop, Assane Diop, Moussa Diallo, Fatimata Ly, and Suzane Oumou Niang
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medicine.medical_specialty ,integumentary system ,business.industry ,Organic Chemistry ,Mean age ,Retrospective cohort study ,medicine.disease ,Auto immune ,Biochemistry ,Dermatology ,eye diseases ,Pemphigus ,Corticosteroid therapy ,Epidemiology ,Medicine ,Bullous pemphigoid ,skin and connective tissue diseases ,business - Abstract
Introduction: The general objective was to determine the epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects of connectivitis in the dermatology department of the CHU Aristide Le Dantec. Patients and methods: This was a retrospective and descriptive study conducted in the Dermatology Department of the University Hospital Center (UHC) Aristide Le Dantec (HALD) of Dakar between January 2009 and December 2019. Their diagnoses were retained according to the international criteria validated in the course of connectivites Results: We identified 290 cases of connectivitis. Systemic scleroderma was the most frequent in 34.42% (n=94), followed by systemic lupus in 25.86% (n=75), mixed connectivities in 22,06% (n=64) and dermatomyositis in 19,32% (n=56). Cancer was associated with dermatomyositis in 11 cases and with systemic scleroderma in 3 cases. The mean age of our patients was 38.23 years. The sex ratio was 4.2 and the mean duration of evolution was 25 months. Dermatological manifestations were constant, found in all patients. In systemic lupus, they were dominated by discoid lupus lesions found in 40% and hypochromic spots (86%) in systemic scleroderma. In dermatomyositis, skin lesions were dominated by periorbital erythroedema (66.07%). Joint manifestations were found in 56.89% of cases (n= 165), muscular manifestations in 41.37% of cases (n= 120) and pleuropulmonary manifestations in 31.3% of cases (n=91). Neuropsychiatric manifestations were noted in 5.17% of cases (n=15). All our patients were treated with corticosteroid therapy and 12.06% of them had received immunosuppressive treatment, the most commonly used molecules being methotrexate (3.44%) and cyclophosphamide (8.27%). Hydroxychloroquine was prescribed in 59.31% of patients, while D-penicillamine was prescribed in 42.06% of patients, 100% of whom were treated for systemic scleroderma. The main complications encountered were infectious complications in 83 cases (28.6%). Visceral complications, a type of visceral insufficiency, were noted in 4.13% of cases. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates the frequency of connectivitis in the dermatology department. Its particularity was the predominance of systemic scleroderma over lupus which was classically the first connectivite in dermatology services. The delay in diagnosis noted is correlated with visceral attacks; hence the importance of a better knowledge of these affections for an early management.
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- 2022
45. Comparison of Metallic Foreign Body Removal between Dynamic Ultrasound and Static Radiography in a Pigs’ Feet Model
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Manson, William C, Ryan, James G, Ladner, Heidi, and Gupta, Sanjey
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ultrasound ,foreign body ,removal ,soft tissue ,Disorders of Environmental Origin ,Emergency Medicine ,Integumentary System ,Therapeutics - Abstract
Introduction: We compared the immediate cosmetic outcome of metallic foreign-body removal by emergency medicine (EM) residents with ultrasound guidance and conventional radiography.Methods: This single-blinded, randomized, crossover study evaluated the ability of EM residents to remove metallic pins embedded in pigs’ feet. Before the experiment, we embedded 1.5-cm metallic pins into numbered pigs’ feet. We randomly assigned 14 EM residents to use either ultrasound or radiography to help remove the foreign body. Residents had minimal ultrasound experience. After a brief lecture, we provided residents with a scalpel, laceration kit, a bedside portable ultrasound machine, nipple markers, paper clips, a dedicated radiograph technician, and radiograph machine 20 feet away. After removal, 3 board-certified emergency physicians, who were blinded to the study group, evaluated the soft-tissue model by using a standardized form. They recorded incision length and cosmetic appearance on the Visual Analogue Scale.Results: In total, 28 foreign bodies were removed. No significant difference in the time of removal (P¼ 0.12), cosmetic appearance (P ¼ 0.96), or incision length (P ¼ 0.76) was found.Conclusion: This study showed no difference between bedside ultrasound and radiography in assisting EM residents with metallic foreign-body removal from soft tissue. No significant difference was found in removal time or cosmetic outcome when comparing ultrasound with radiography.
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- 2011
46. Formation, structure, and function of extra‐skeletal bones in mammals.
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Nasoori, Alireza
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BONES , *EPITHELIAL-mesenchymal transition , *ENDOCHONDRAL ossification , *BONE growth , *MAMMALS , *PENIS , *CARTILAGE - Abstract
This review describes the formation, structure, and function of bony compartments in antlers, horns, ossicones, osteoderm and the os penis/os clitoris (collectively referred to herein as AHOOO structures) in extant mammals. AHOOOs are extra‐skeletal bones that originate from subcutaneous (dermal) tissues in a wide variety of mammals, and this review elaborates on the co‐development of the bone and skin in these structures. During foetal stages, primordial cells for the bony compartments arise in subcutaneous tissues. The epithelial–mesenchymal transition is assumed to play a key role in the differentiation of bone, cartilage, skin and other tissues in AHOOO structures. AHOOO ossification takes place after skeletal bone formation, and may depend on sexual maturity. Skin keratinization occurs in tandem with ossification and may be under the control of androgens. Both endochondral and intramembranous ossification participate in bony compartment formation. There is variation in gradients of density in different AHOOO structures. These gradients, which vary according to function and species, primarily reduce mechanical stress. Anchorage of AHOOOs to their surrounding tissues fortifies these structures and is accomplished by bone–bone fusion and Sharpey fibres. The presence of the integument is essential for the protection and function of the bony compartments. Three major functions can be attributed to AHOOOs: mechanical, visual, and thermoregulatory. This review provides the first extensive comparative description of the skeletal and integumentary systems of AHOOOs in a variety of mammals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
- Full Text
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47. PHYTOMODULATORY EFFECTS OF MURRAYA KOENIGII IN DMBA/TPA INDUCED ANGIOGENESIS, HEPATOTOXICITY AND RENAL TOXICITY DURING SKIN CARCINOGENESIS IN MICE
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Sanjay Bharati, Shilpa Sadwal, Anushtha Negi, Sarvnarinder Kaur, and Aniqa Aniqa
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integumentary system - Abstract
The present study was aimed to evaluate the protective effects of Hydroethanolic Murraya koenigii leaves extract (HEMKLE) against DMBA/TPA-induced angiogenesis, hepatotoxicity and renal toxicity during skin carcinogenesis in mice. For the study, male LACA mice were divided into four groups: Group I (C), Group II (DMBA/TPA), Group III (HEMKLE), and Group IV (HEMKLE+DMBA/TPA). 7, 12-dimethylbenz(a) anthracene (DMBA), and 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) were applied on the depilated skin of the mice to raise skin tumors in Group II and Group IV. The chemopreventive response of HEMKLE was evident by histoarchitectural and morphometric analysis of skin/tumors in Group IV (HEMKLE+DMBA/TPA). In addition, HEMKLE administration also decreased the mRNA and protein expression of HIF-1α, HMOX-1, VEGF, bFGF, and ANGPT-2 in Group IV (HEMKLE+DMBA/TPA) when compared to Group II (DMBA/TPA) that suggest its anti-angiogenic effect. Moreover, HEMKLE administration protected the liver and kidney tissues from damages incurred during skin carcinogenesis as evident through histological analysis, assessment of ROS and LPO levels, assessment of liver and kidney function markers (viz., SGOT, SGPT, D-bilirubin, T-bilirubin, ALP, urea, creatinine and BUN) and activities of the antioxidant enzymes in Group IV (HEMKLE +DMBA/TPA) when compared to Group II (DMBA/TPA). The outcome of the present study showed that HEMKLE administration markedly alleviated the angiogenesis and also showed the protective effects against damages incurred in liver and kidney tissues during skin carcinogenesis. However, further extensive studies are needed to explore the efficacy of HEMKLE on metastasis before going to human trials.
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- 2022
48. Comparative demography and mass rearing of Aedes aegypti fed on different food sources using a novel perforated feeder
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Pei-Chen Hsu, Remzi Atlihan, Hsin Chi, and Shu-Mei Dai
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integumentary system ,Insect Science - Abstract
A novel thermal-constant blood-feeder covered with a perforated film and using pig blood was developed for rearing Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae). The perforated film was used as a substitute for the membrane or parafilm that is normally used in conventional blood-feeders to prevent the mosquitoes from directly contacting the blood. The efficiency of this perforated blood feeder was assessed by using live mice and comparing the engorgement rate of female mosquitoes and their demographic parameters. In a no-choice test, no significant differences were observed in the engorgement rates and fecundity between females fed on perforated feeders containing pig blood and those fed on live mice. In a three-minute-long free-choice test, the accumulated engorgement rate was significantly higher in mosquitoes feeding on the perforated feeders than in those feeding on live mice. The demographic characteristics indicated that mosquitoes fed on the perforated feeder containing pig blood had a higher immature survival rate and prolonged adult male and female longevity. Although a lower intrinsic rate of increase and lower finite rate of increase were observed when female adults fed on the perforated feeder, computer projection of the population growth was comparable using both blood sources. Massrearing analysis showed that the perforated blood feeder was much more cost-effective than using live mice. These results demonstrate that the perforated blood feeder containing pig blood is more effective and cost efficient than using live mice for maintaining and mass rearing of mosquitoes in the laboratory.
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- 2022
49. Comparative genomics of Sarcoptes scabiei provide new insights into adaptation to permanent parasitism and within‐host species divergence
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Jing Xu, Qianghui Wang, Sen Wang, Wanlong Huang, Yue Xie, Xiaobin Gu, Ran He, Xuerong Peng, Shuangyang Wu, and Guangyou Yang
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integumentary system ,General Veterinary ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,General Medicine - Abstract
Sarcoptes scabiei is the causative agent of a highly contagious skin disease in humans and more than 100 mammals. Here, we reported the first chromosome-level reference genome of S. scabiei isolated from rabbits, with a contig N50 size of 5.92 Mb, a total assembled length of 57.30 Mb, ∼12.65% repetitive sequences and 9333 predicted protein-coding genes. The phylogenetic tree based on 1338 shared high-confidence single-copy orthologous genes estimated that the mammalian ectoparasite S. scabiei and the plant-feeding mite Tetranychus urticae separated ∼340 million years ago. Both neighbour-joining tree and principal component analysis of 20 mite populations isolated from four hosts (humans, pigs, dogs and rabbits) distributed in three countries (China, Australia and the USA) consistently supported genetic subdivisions according to host species rather than geographical location. The demographic history of S. scabiei reconstructed by multiple sequentially Markovian coalescent analysis suggested that S. scabiei isolated from rabbits, humans, dogs and pigs diverged ∼5000 years ago. Investigation of the homeobox (Hox) genes revealed that S. scabiei contains 8 of 10 canonical Hox genes that are present in the arthropod ancestor, and the absence of the Abd-A gene may correlate with the long gap between their front and back legs. Comparative genomics demonstrated that genes specific to scabies mites were mainly enriched in nutrition digestive systems, whereas genes in the families that involved detoxification (cytochrome P450, carboxyl/cholinesterases and the ATP-binding cassette transporter C group) were extremely contracted compared with that of other mites analysed in this study. Selective sweep analysis of mite populations from various pairs of two out of the four host species revealed that the strongest selective sweep signals were mainly enriched in cysteine-type peptidase activity and apoptosis. The results provided clues for the mechanisms of S. scabiei adaptation to a permanent parasitic lifestyle and knowledge that would enable further control of this highly contagious skin disease.
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- 2022
50. Current Debates on Etiopathogenesis and Treatment Strategies for Vitiligo
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Shamsher Singh, Ankit Chaudhary, and Mayank Patel
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Hypopigmentation ,Pharmacology ,integumentary system ,Administration, Topical ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Drug Discovery ,Vitiligo ,Humans ,Melanocytes ,Molecular Medicine ,Phototherapy ,skin and connective tissue diseases - Abstract
Abstract: Vitiligo is an acquired, chronic, and progressive depigmentation or hypopigmentation, characterized by the destruction of melanocytes, and occurrence of white patches or macules in the skin, mucosal surface of eyes, and ears. Melanocytes are the melanin pigment producing cells of the skin which are destroyed in pathological conditions called vitiligo. Approximately, 0.5 - 2.0% of the population is suffering from vitiligo, and a higher prevalence rate up to 8.8% has been reported in India. It is caused by various pathogenic factors like genetic predisposition, hyperimmune activation, increased oxidative stress, and alteration in neuropeptides level. Genetic research has revealed a multi-genetic inheritance that exhibits an overlap with other autoimmune disorders. However, melanocytes specific genes are also affected (such as DDR1, XBP1, NLRP1, PTPN22, COMT, FOXP3, ACE, APE, GSTP1, TLR, SOD, and CTLA-4). The numbers of therapeutic options are employed for the treatment of vitiligo. The topical corticosteroids and immunomodulators are currently in practice for the management of vitiligo. Phototherapies alone, and in combinations with other approaches are used in those patients who do not respond to the topical treatment. The main focus of this review is on the etiopathological factors, pharmacological management (phototherapy, topical, systemic and surgical therapy), and herbal drugs use to treat vitiligo.
- Published
- 2022
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