224 results on '"insekticidi"'
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2. Peroxidase activity as a biochemical marker of insecticide use in vegetables.
- Author
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SENANI, Nassima, BEDOUHENE, Samia, and HOUALI, Karim
- Subjects
PEROXIDASE ,BIOMARKERS ,INSECTICIDES - Abstract
Copyright of Acta Agriculturae Slovenica is the property of Biotechnical Faculty of the University of Ljubljana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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3. Značaj primene insekticida, njihov uticaj na životnu sredinu i ekološki prihvatljive mere remedijacije
- Author
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Ćupić, Vitomir, Bartula, Mirjana, Krstić, Svetozar, Mujezinović, Indira, Prevendar Crnić, Andreja, Ćupić Miladinović, Dejana, Ćupić, Vitomir, Bartula, Mirjana, Krstić, Svetozar, Mujezinović, Indira, Prevendar Crnić, Andreja, and Ćupić Miladinović, Dejana
- Abstract
Insekticidi (odnosno antiektoparazitici) imaju veoma značajnu ulogu u zaštiti ljudi, životinja i biljaka od brojnih insekata ili ektoparazita. Zahvaljujući primeni ovih sredstava iskorenjene su razne zarazne bolesti, olakšano je suzbijanje i lečenje ektoparazitoza kod ljudi i životinja, te je unapređena i povećana poljoprivredna proizvodnja. Iako su postignuti, (može se slobodno reći) grandiozni rezultati u suzbijanju zaraznih bolesti, nažalost još uvek postoje određeni regioni u svetu, gde neke zarazne bolesti (malarija) odnose veliki broj ljudskih života. Insekticidi su (kao što je već rečeno) značajno doprineli i povećanju poljoprivredne proizvodnje. Zbog toga se danas često može čuti mišljenje da je poljoprivredna proizvodnja postala praktično nemoguća bez primene pesticida. To je svakako uticalo da se ova sredstva danas, takoreći masovno koriste širom sveta. Upravo navedene činjenice, odnosno ovakva primena insekticida, koja je često i neracionalna, izaziva sve veću zabrinutost. Jedan od najvažnijih razloga za to, jeste svakako porast razvoja rezistencije kod insekata, a time i smanjenje efikasnosti insekticida. Pored toga, ne manji značaj ima i sve veće zagađenje životne sredine. O tome se takođe u poslednje vreme sve više priča i u našoj zemlji, pa će se u budućnosti morati voditi više računa. Ovo pre svega iz razloga, što primena insekticida (naročito ukoliko je neracionalna) može delovati štetno, ne samo na neciljne, odnosno korisne insekte, kao što su pčele, već i druge organizme, a posebno one u zemljištu i vodi. Ako se ovom doda i činjenica da može nastati i potencijalna kontaminacija lanca ishrane, onda su to svakako faktori koji mogu dovesti do poremećaja ravnoteže u pojedinim ekosistemima. Cilj ovog rada je upravo da ukaže na moguće štete neracionalne primene insekticida, da se istakne značaj razumne primene insekticida i predlože mere za njenu primenu.
- Published
- 2024
4. Seasonal distribution of multiclass pesticide residues in the surface waters of northwest Croatia
- Author
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Fingler Sanja, Mendaš Gordana, Dvoršćak Marija, Stipičević Sanja, Vasilić Želimira, and Drevenkar Vlasta
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degradation products ,herbicides ,insecticides ,pesticide residues ,river water ,seasonal variations ,herbicidi ,insekticidi ,ostaci pesticida ,razgradni produkti ,riječna voda ,sezonske varijacije ,Toxicology. Poisons ,RA1190-1270 - Abstract
As part of our OPENTOX project, we evaluated the incidence and mass concentrations of multiclass pesticide residues in 23 river/stream water samples collected in urban and agricultural areas of northwest Croatia at various points of the pesticide application season in 2015. The study included 16 compounds of five herbicide classes and seven compounds of three insecticide classes. Pesticide residues were accumulated from water by solid-phase extraction and analysed using high performance liquid chromatography with UV-diode array detection and/or gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Herbicide residues were more common than the insecticide ones, and, as expected, they peaked in the middle of the application season. Metolachlor showed the highest concentrations and was found in 91 % of all samples, followed by terbuthylazine, found in 70 % of the samples. The highest total mass concentration of detected pesticides was measured in the water samples of the Krapina (3992 ng/L) and Sutla (3455 ng/L) collected in rural areas with intensive agriculture. Our findings strongly speak in favour of continued monitoring of surface waters and possibly extending the list of priority water pollutants.
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- 2021
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5. Seasonal distribution of multiclass pesticide residues in the surface waters of northwest Croatia.
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Fingler, Sanja, Mendaš, Gordana, Dvoršćak, Marija, Stipičević, Sanja, Vasilić, Želimira, and Drevenkar, Vlasta
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PESTICIDE residues in food ,PESTICIDE pollution ,PESTICIDES ,HIGH performance liquid chromatography ,GAS chromatography/Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) ,HERBICIDE residues - Abstract
Copyright of Archives of Industrial Hygiene & Toxicology / Arhiv za Higijenu Rada I Toksikologiju is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Funkcionalna raznolikost, trofički odnosi, razvoj i metabolizam trčaka (Coleoptera: Carabidae) višegodišnjih mediteranskih agroekosustava
- Author
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Ivanković Tatalović, Lara, Šerić Jelaska, Lucija, and Kos, Tomislav
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fluctuating assymetry ,insekticidi ,PRIRODNE ZNANOSTI. Biologija ,udc:57(043.3) ,vinogradi ,carabid beetles ,olive orchards ,biological control ,funkcionalne grupe ,maslinici ,poljoprivredni ekosustavi ,Biološke znanosti. Fizička antropologija. Bioraznolikost ,Agroesystems ,vineyards ,functional groups ,carabidae ,fluktuacijska asimetrija ,NATURAL SCIENCES. Biology ,Biološka zaštita ,Biological sciences. Physical anthropology. Biodiversity ,insecticides - Abstract
The goals of this dissertation were to measure impact of different types of management that are carried out in Mediterranean olive groves and vineyards on the community, populations and individuals of carabid beetles, who provide valuable ecosystem services to agriculture. A special emphasis was placed on predatory species of carabid beetles, which can control harmful pests on plants with their predatory activity. Research methods included morphological analyses, molecular biology (PCR diagnostics), and toxicology (intoxication with active ingredients, HPLC, GC-MS) were used in order to compare the proportions of different functional groups of carabids depending on the type of agronomic management, the impact of management on their development, predatory activity, and metabolism, but also to check whether insecticides spread through soil foodwebs via trophic interactions. By combining the collected data from Zadar County and data published from the other Mediterranean areas, we proved that management affects the composition of the community and that unmanaged habitats have a significantly higher proportion of carnivorous carabid species. Unmanaged habitats also contained a higher proportion of large flightless species. The method of fluctuating asymmetry, performed on two species, indicated that olive orchards are less adverse habitats for the development of carabid beetles than vineyards, however, unmanaged habitats are more suitable compared to both vineyards and olive orchards. Of the two tested species, Pterostichus melas proved to be more suitable species for fluctuating assymetry as a sign of negative enviromental impact on populations, given that it showed statistically significant differences in the level of fluctuating asymmetry between populations, while in the species Poecilus koyi there were no differences between populations. Furthermore, acute poisoning with thiamethoxam, an insecticide from the group of neonicotinoids, caused a series of sub-lethal effects in carabids. Individuals exposed to higher concentrations consumed significantly less food and exhibited obvious locomotory impairments, such as slow, irregular gait, intense cleaning of antenae, and inability to return to their feet when turned over on their backs. Furthermore, changes in the concentration of individual metabolites in the treated individuals indicate that following the intoxication, oxidative stress occurred in the tissues of the carabids. However, measurement of the activity of superoxide dismutase, an enzyme involved in the defense against oxidative stress, did not show any significant differences between the groups depending on the concentration. In this research, for the first time, the transfer of insecticides from the soil to selected prey (earthworm), and then from the prey to predatory species through feeding, was demonstrated in the laboratory. Using molecular methods, we confirmed that carabids from the research sites feed on earthworms. This research confirmed that: (i) unmanaged, stable habitats favor a higher proportion of predatory species and their normal development; (ii) insecticides can enter carabid beetle's tissue indirectly, by feeding on the contaminated prey; (iii) higher concentrations of the insecticide thiamethoxam cause disturbances in the feeding, movement, and metabolism of carabids, disrupting their predatory activity and thus reducing ecosystem services that might be provided by carabids, which in agricultural ecosystems contributes to the biocontrol of plant pests. These results may help to develop more sustainable management practices that support the community of predators and reduce the loss of biodiversity in the Mediterranean region. U sklopu disertacije provedena su istraživanja utjecaja različitih tipova gospodarenja koja se provode u mediteranskim maslinicima i vinogradima na zajednicu, populacije i jedinke trčaka (Insecta, Coleoptera, Carabidae). Većina istraživanja bila je usmjerena na grabežljive vrste trčaka koje svojom ishranom suzbijaju nametnike na biljkama i time doprinose održivosti poljoprivrednih ekosustava. U istraživanju su korištene metode koje se primjenjuju u morfološkim istraživanjima, molekularnoj biologiji (PCR dijagnstika) i toksikologiji (izlaganje aktivnim tvarima, HPLC, GC-MS) kako bi usporedili udjele različitih funkcionalnih grupa trčaka ovisno o načinu poljoprivrednog gospodarenja i utjecaju gospodarenja na njihov razvoj, ishranu i metabolizam, ali i kako bi provjerili šire li se insekticidi ishranom kroz različite trofičke interakcije unutar hranidbenih mreža tla. Analizom objavljenih podataka vezanih za mediteransko područje i onih prikupljenih na terenu na području Zadarske županije dokazali smo da gospodarenje utječe na sastav zajednice te da negospodarena staništa imaju značajno viši udio mesojednih vrsta trčaka. Negospodarena staništa su također sadržavala viši udio velikih vrsta koje ne lete i vezana su uglavno za stabilnije stanišne uvjete. Vrijednosti fluktuacijske asimetrije izmjerene na populacijama dviju vrsta ukazale su da su maslinici povoljniji za razvoj trčaka od vinograda, dok su negospodarena staništa bila povoljnija u odnosu na maslinike i vinograde. Od dvije testirane vrste, Pterostichus melas se pokazao prikladnijom vrstom za analizu fluktuacijske asimetrije kao pokazatelja promjena u okolišu koje negativno utječu na populacije, s obzirom da su se u toj vrsti iskazale statistički značajne razlike u razini fluktuacijske asimetrije između populacija, dok kod vrste Poecilus koyi razlika među populacijama nije bilo. Nadalje, akutno trovanje tiametoksanom, insekticidom iz skupine neonikotinoida, izazvalo je niz subletalnih reakcija kod jedinki trčaka. Jedinke izložene višim koncentracijama konzumirale su značajno manje količine hrane, a motorika im je bila poremećena. Nadalje, promjene u koncentraciji pojedinih metabolita u tretiranih jedinki ukazuju da je slijedom trovanja došlo do oksidativnog stresa u tkivu trčaka. Međutim, mjerenjem aktivnosti superoksid dismutaze, enzima koji sudjeluje u obrani od oksidativnog stresa, nisu dobiveneznačajne razlike između grupa ovisno o koncentraciji. U ovom istraživanju prvi put je laboratorijski dokazan prijenos insekticida iz supstrata (tlo) na odabrani plijen (gujavice), te potom s plijena na grabežljive trčke putem ishrane. Molekularnim metodama smo potvrdili da se trčci s istraživanih ploha hrane gujavicama. Ovim istraživanjem je potvrđeno da: (i) staništa na kojima se ne gospodari pogoduju grabežljivim vrstama i njihovom normalnom razvoju i predstavljaju stabilniji okoliš za istraživanu skupinu na što ukazuje veća brojnost vrsta koje ne lete; (ii) insekticidi u tkivo tračaka mogu doći i neizravnim doticajem s aktivnim tvarima hraneći se kontaminiranim plijenom; (iii) više koncentracije insekticida thiametoksama izazivaju poremećaje u hranjenju, kretanju i metabolizmu trčaka, što narušava njihovu grabežljivu aktivnost koja u poljoprivrednim ekosustavima doprinosi biološkoj zaštiti. Ovi rezultati pridonose razvoju načina gospodarenja koji podržavaju zajednicu grabežljivih trčaka, te time smanjiti gubitak bioraznolikosti u mediteranskoj regiji.
- Published
- 2023
7. Comparison of the toxicity and repellency of two conventional neonicotinoids and a coconut-derived insecticide soap toward the parasitoid wasp Aphelinus mali Haldeman, 1851.
- Author
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EBADOLLAHI, Asgar and SADEGHI, Reza
- Subjects
APHELINUS mali ,NEONICOTINOIDS ,INSECTICIDES - Abstract
Copyright of Acta Agriculturae Slovenica is the property of Biotechnical Faculty of the University of Ljubljana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
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8. Insekticidi, neželjeni efekti i uticaj na životnu sredinu
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Ćupić, Vitomir, Bartula, Mirjana, Ivanović, Saša, Borozan, Sunčica, Mujezinović, Indira, Ćupić Miladinović, Dejana, Ćupić, Vitomir, Bartula, Mirjana, Ivanović, Saša, Borozan, Sunčica, Mujezinović, Indira, and Ćupić Miladinović, Dejana
- Abstract
Poznato je da su insekticidi odigrali veoma zna«ajnu ulogu u zaštiti ljudi i životinja ne samo od brojnih šteto«ina, već i raznih bolesti. Naime sintezom ovih jedinjenja i njihovim uvođenjem u praksu, (upravo zbog ovog drugog razloga), do danas su spašeni životi miliona ljudi i životinja. Dakle, insekticidi su odigrali važnu i značajnu ulogu, ne samo u poljoprivredi, gde su namenjeni za zaštitu useva od brojnih štetočina, već i u komunalnoj higijeni, odnosno veterinarskoj medicini, gde se uspešno koriste za zaštitu ljudi i životinja, kako od efekata uznemiravanja, tako i bolesti, koje ove štetočine mogu preneti. Koliki je značaj insekticida i njihova primena u navedene svrhe, najbolje pokazuje podatak da danas približno 40% svetske populacije živi u područjima sa visokim rizikom od zaražavanja malarijom, a zna se da oko 4 miliona ljudi godišnje umire od ove bolesti, a na stotine miliona teško oboli. Pored malarije, treba spomenuti i Denga groznicu, koju takođe prenosi komarac, i od koje godišnje oboli 35-50 miliona (prema drugim autorima 50-100 miliona) ljudi i veliki broj nažalost umire. Do danas je u praksu uvedeno nekoliko desetina hiljada hemijskih supstancija, koje se koriste za suzbijanje insekata u poljoprivredi. U cilju povećanja prinosa poljoprivrednih kultura, ali i proizvodnje veće količine mesa, danas se u životnu sredinu godišnje u svetu, unese više miliona tona raznih pesticida, od «ega zna«ajan deo čine insekticidi. Iako ova sredstva, kao što je već navedeno imaju veoma značajnu pozitivnu ulogu, treba istaći da njihova (često i neracionalna) primena može imati i negativne posledice, koje se ogledaju u razvoju rezistencije kod insekata, pojavi rezidua u hrani, vodi za piće, zemljištu i vazduhu, direktnom ili indirektnom toksi«nom delovanju na ljude i životinje, te štetnom delovanju na životnu sredinu i brojne organizme koji žive u njoj.
- Published
- 2023
9. GC-MS analysis and insecticidal effect of methanol extract of Pistacia khinjuk Stocks leaves.
- Author
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RAVAN, Sultan, KHANI, Abbas, and VEYSI, Nahid
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PISTACIA ,BROMOMETHANE ,PHOSPHINE ,CONFUSED flour beetle ,INSECTICIDES ,PLANT extracts - Abstract
Copyright of Acta Agriculturae Slovenica is the property of Biotechnical Faculty of the University of Ljubljana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
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10. Batch biodegradation of xenobiotics
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Vukorepa, Gracia and Ašperger, Danijela
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insekticidi ,microplastics ,acetamiprid ,antiparasitics ,albendazole ,pharmaceuticals ,PRIRODNE ZNANOSTI. Kemija ,clothianidin ,NATURAL SCIENCES. Chemistry ,mikroplastika ,biodegradation ,mebendazole ,klotianidin ,albendazol ,activated sludge ,farmaceutici ,xenobiotics ,ksenobiotici ,pesticidi ,mebendazol ,biorazgradnja ,antiparazitici ,pesticides ,kromatografija ,aktivni mulj ,tiakloprid ,febantel ,chromatography ,thiacloprid ,insecticides - Abstract
U današnje vrijeme upotreba ksenobiotika sve je češća, a samim time se i sve veće količine nekontrolirano ispuštaju u okoliš. Pesticidi, antiparazitici te ostali ksenobiotici i njihovi metaboliti, razgradni i transformacijski produkti dospijevaju u tlo i vodu čineći štetu biljnom i životinjskom svijetu. Kako su ksenobiotici spojevi složene kemijske strukture, vrlo ih je teško u potpunosti ukloniti iz vode, a često je potrebno korištenje složenih i skupih metoda obrade otpadnih voda. Metode obrade aktivnim muljem najzastupljenije su metode u obradi otpadnih voda. Cilj ovoga rada je ispitati mogućnosti uklanjanja ksenobiotika iz otpadnih voda biorazgradnjom pomoću aktivnog mulja. Određivana je mogućnost biorazgradnje antiparazitika febantela, albendazola i mebendazola te pesticida iz skupine insekticida tiakloprida, acetamiprida i klotianidina u vremenu od 48 sati tekućinskom kromatografijom visoke djelotvornosti uz praćenje pH-vrijednosti, temperature, gustoće, ukupne količine ugljika te utjecaja na mikroorganizme. Proces biorazgradnje odvijao se u pet reaktora koji su bili zaštićeni aluminijskom folijom kako bi se spriječio utjecaj Sunčeve svjetlosti na razgradnju ksenobiotika. Uklanjanje ksenobiotika određivano je tekućinskom kromatografijom visoke djelotvornosti uz detektor s nizom dioda, a uzorci su se uzimali u točno određenim vremenskim intervalima. Uz to, uzorci su se analizirali i mjerenjem ukupne količine ugljika, a pratili smo i gustoću aktivnog mulja prije procesa biorazgradnje te gustoću nakon biorazgradnje i to za reaktor s muljem, mikroplastikom i ksenobiotikom te za reaktor s muljem i ksenobiotikom. Također je za svaki ksenobiotik provedena i mikrobiološka analiza kako bi se utvrdio utjecaj pojedinog ksenobiotika na mikroorganizme koji sudjeluju u procesu biorazgradnje. Stopostotno uklanjanje postignuto je za sve antiparazitike, dok je kod pesticida uklanjanje bilo nešto lošije. Uz sam proces uklanjanja uzimala se u obzir i adsorpcija i desorpcija komponenata na površinu mikroplastike i pahuljice aktivnog mulja, a pomoću dobivenih kromatograma detektirali su se i razgradni/transformacijski produkti koji nastaju tijekom procesa biorazgradnje. Nowadays, the use of xenobiotics is becoming more and more common, and thus increasing amounts are being released into the environment in an uncontrolled manner. Pesticides, antiparasitics and other xenobiotics and their metabolites, degradation and transformation products reach the soil and water causing damage to the plant and animal life. Since xenobiotics are compounds with a complex chemical structure, it is very difficult to completely remove them from water, and it is often necessary to use complex and expensive wastewater treatment methods. Activated sludge treatment methods are the most common methods in wastewater treatment. The aim of this work is to examine the possibilities of removing xenobiotics from wastewater by biodegradation using activated sludge. The possibility of biodegradation of the antiparasitics febantel, albendazole and mebendazole and pesticides from the group of insecticides thiacloprid, acetamiprid and clothianidin was determined within 48 hours by high-performance liquid chromatography with monitoring of pH-value, temperature, density, total carbon and impact on microorganisms. The biodegradation process took place in five reactors that were protected by aluminum foil to prevent the influence of sunlight on the degradation of xenobiotics. The removal of xenobiotics was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector, and samples were taken at precisely determined time intervals. In addition, the samples were analyzed by measuring the total amount of carbon, and we monitored the density of activated sludge before the biodegradation process and the density after biodegradation for the reactor with sludge, microplastics and xenobiotics and for the reactor with sludge and xenobiotics. A microbiological analysis was also carried out for each xenobiotic in order to determine the influence of each xenobiotic on the microorganisms that participate in the biodegradation process. One hundred percent removal was achieved for all antiparasitics, while the removal was slightly worse for pesticides. In addition to the removal process itself, the adsorption and desorption of components on the surface of microplastics and activated sludge flakes were also taken into account, and the resulting chromatograms were used to detect the degradation/transformation products that arise during the biodegradation process.
- Published
- 2023
11. Residual efficacy of deltamethrin against Sitophilus oryzae (L.), Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Sitotroga cerealella (Oliv.) in wheat grain.
- Author
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Golić, Marijana Pražić, Kljajić, Petar, Andrić, Goran, Tamaš, Nenad, and Pražić, Stefan
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GRAIN genetics ,DELTAMETHRIN ,RICE weevil ,RHYZOPERTHA dominica ,INSECTICIDE analysis - Abstract
Copyright of Pesticides & Phytomedicine / Pesticidi i Fitomedicina is the property of Institute of Pesticides & Environmental Protection and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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12. Kompatibilnost insekticida i parazitoida Encarsia formosa: rezultati i mogućnosti primene
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Drobnjaković, Tanja, Drobnjaković, Tanja, Marčić, Dejan, Biondi, Antonio, Drobnjaković, Tanja, Drobnjaković, Tanja, Marčić, Dejan, and Biondi, Antonio
- Abstract
Suzbijanje bele leptiraste vaši, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) primenom endoparazitoida Encarsia formosa Gahan (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae; Coccophaginae), raširena je praksa širom sveta u zaštićenim sistemima gajenja povrća i ukrasnih biljaka, i jedan od najuspešnijih primera biološkog suzbijanja uopšte. Kod biološkog suzbijanja štetočine pomoću E. formosa postoje i izvesna ograničenja (ekološki uslovi nepovoljni za parazitoida, uticaj vrste i sorte biljke domaćina, suviše velika gustina populacije štetočine), usled kojih je neophodna primena i drugih mera, kao što su hemijske mere suzbijanja. Stoga, zajednička primena bioloških i hemijskih mera suzbijanja, u okviru integralnog koncepta zaštite biljaka, zahteva što preciznije kvantifikovanje efekata pesticida na korisne organizme. Pored tradicionalnih metoda kvantifikacije (laboratorijski testovi akutne i hronične toksičnosti), kompatibilnosti pesticida i bioloških kontrolnih agenasa se poslednjih decenija uglavnom procenjuje na osnovu „totalnog efekta“ (objedinjeni letalni i subletalni efekti), koji je Međunarodna organizacija za biološku kontrolu (IOBC) prihvatila kao osnovu za kategorizaciju štetnosti pesticida za predatore i parazitoide. Analiza ograničenja konvencionalnog biotesta ukazala je na potrebu da se efekti pesticida ocenjuju na nivou populacije, a ne na nivou jedinke, pa je kao potencijalno najpogodniji način za procenu ukupnih efekata pesticida predložen populaciono-toksikološki pristup. Pregled literature pokazuje, međutim, da je objavljen veoma mali broj radova u kojima je populaciono-toksikološki pristup primenjen za evaluaciju efekata pesticida na E. formosa. Efekti pesticida na komercijalnu rasu ovog parazitoida najčešće su proučavani u skladu sa IOBC kriterijumima štetnosti, prema kojima bi vrednosti ukupnih efekata pesticida trebalo klasifikovati u skladu sa rezultatima laboratorijskih, polu-poljskih i poljskih ogleda, u okviru fazne šeme ispitivanja. Prema rezult
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- 2022
13. Mehanizam repelentnog delovanja piretroida
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Ćupić, Vitomir, Ivanović, Saša, Borozan, Sunčica, Žugić, Gordana, Mujezinović, Indira, Prevendar Crnić, Andreja, Velev, Romel, Ćupić Miladinović, Dejana, Ćupić, Vitomir, Ivanović, Saša, Borozan, Sunčica, Žugić, Gordana, Mujezinović, Indira, Prevendar Crnić, Andreja, Velev, Romel, and Ćupić Miladinović, Dejana
- Abstract
Piretrum je ekstrakt ili smeša prirodnih insekticida, poznatih pod imenom piretrini, koji se dobijaju ekstrakcijom iz cvetnih glavica jedne vrste hrizanteme (Chrisanthemum cinerariifolium treviranus). Piretroidi su sintetička jedinjenja, strukturni analozi prirodnih piretrina. Pored njihove insekticidne aktivnosti, poznato je da piretrini i piretroidi poseduju i repelentno delovanje. Međutim, molekularna osnova načina odbijanja insekata još uvek nije do kraja razjašnjena. Cilj ovog rada je upravo da se koliko-toliko razjasni mehanizam repelentnog delovanja piretruma i piretroida kod komaraca i drugih štetnih insekata koji napadaju poljoprivredne kulture., Pyrethrum is an extract or mixture of natural insecticides, known as pyrethrins, which are obtained by extraction from the flower heads of a species of chrysanthemum (Chrisanthemum cinerariifolium treviranus). Pyrethroids are synthetic compounds, structural analogues of natural pyrethrins. In addition to their insecticidal activity, pyrethrins and pyrethroids are known to have repellent effects. However, the molecular basis of insect repellent has not yet been fully elucidated. The aim of this paper is to clarify the mechanism of repellent action of pyrethrum and pyrethroids in mosquitoes and other harmful insects that attack agricultural crops
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- 2022
14. Rezultati proizvodnje NS uljane repice u 2020/21. i preporuka sortimenta za 2022/23. godinu
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Marjanović-Jeromela, Ana, Marjanović-Jeromela, Ana, Milovac, Željko, Mitrović, Petar, Rajković, Dragana, Terzić, Sreten, Crnobarac, Jovan, Marjanović-Jeromela, Ana, Marjanović-Jeromela, Ana, Milovac, Željko, Mitrović, Petar, Rajković, Dragana, Terzić, Sreten, and Crnobarac, Jovan
- Abstract
Uljana repica (Brassica napus L.) je treća najznačajnija uljana biljna vrsta u svetu nakon uljane palme i soje. Gaji se najviše zbog ulja, čiji je sadržaj u semenu 42-47% i koristi se u ishrani, prehrambenoj industriji i u prerađivačkoj industriji, prvenstveno za proizvodnju biodizela. Ulje uljane repice sadrži oko dva puta više ulja u odnosu na seme soje. Visok sadržaj oleinske kiseline i nizak udeo zasićenih masnih kiselina u repičinom ulju povoljno utiču na zdravlje ljudi, te se preporučuje korišćenje ovog ulja u redovnoj ishrani. Procenjuje se da je tokom 2020/21. proizvodnja uljane repice na svetskom nivou bila nešto niža [7% manja u odnosu na prethodnu sezonu (Oilseeds and Protein Crops market situation, 2021)] s obzirom na to da je Kanada, jedan od najvećih svetskih proizvođača i izvoznika uljane repice, iskusila ozbiljan problem sa sušom što je uslovilo smanjene prinose. U odnosu na prethodnu godinu, evidentan je skoro dvostruki porast cena repice koja se izvozi (International Grains Council, 2021). Na nivou EU, cena u novembru 2021. je iznosila 772 USD/t.
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- 2022
15. Determination of reference values of acetyl and butyryl cholinesterase activities in Serbian healthy population.
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Zlatković, Milica, Krstić, Nadežda, Subota, Vesna, Bošković, Bogdan, and Vučinić, Slavica
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- *
ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE inhibitors , *PROTEASE inhibitors , *ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE , *BUTYRYLCHOLINESTERASE , *CHOLINESTERASES - Abstract
Background/Aim. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) are important biomarkers of exposure to organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides. Since the estimation of the level of cholinesterase inhibition depends on the normal values which may vary in different populations, it is important to determine them in our population, which so far has not been done. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the reference values for AChE and BuChE in a healthy population of adults in the Republic of Serbia. Methods. The AChE activity was measured by spectrophotometry (λ = 412 nm), using a modified Ellman's method. BuChE activity was determined by the integrated chemical system (Dimension RxLMax) with ready-made reagent cartridge for analysis. The examinees were healthy voluntary blood donors from the Institute of Transfusiology and Hemobiology, Military Medical Academy in Belgrade, Serbia. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software program was used for data processing. Results. In the group of 851 persons, there were 728 males and 123 females. The mean age was 39.1 ± 11.6 years. For all of them, erythrocyte AChE activity was done while BuChE was determined in 205 persons (169 males and 36 females). Their mean value of acetylcholinesterase activity was 8,090.6 ± 1,976.7 IU/L, and of butyrylcholinesterase activity was 14,556.6 ± 4,078.1 U/L. Due to lack of normal data distribution in male group (both enzymes), reference ranges were estimated as 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles. Conclusion. The results of this pilot study on cholinesterase in healthy population in the Republic of Serbia which has now been done for the first time, indicate the need for considering their wider ranges of when estimating the severity of poisoning. However, further study for BuChE with the inclusion of a larger number of females and data for body weight of the examinees, in order to get more precise reference limits, is suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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16. Effects of insecticides intended for Ceutorhynchus napi Gyll. control in oilseed rape on ground beetles.
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Sivčev, Lazar, Sivčev, Ivan, Graora, Draga, Tomić, Vladimir, Dudić, Boris, Büchs, Wolfgang, and Gotlin - Čuljak, Tanja
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INSECTICIDES ,GROUND beetles ,CEUTHORHYNCHUS ,OILSEED plant diseases & pests ,CURCULIONIDAE - Abstract
Copyright of Pesticides & Phytomedicine / Pesticidi i Fitomedicina is the property of Institute of Pesticides & Environmental Protection and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Kako se riješiti muha na farmi?
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Đuričić, Dražen
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muhe ,insekticidi ,repelenti - Abstract
Muhe su važne kao vektori brojnih zaraznih bolesti životinja i ljudi. Negativni ekonomski učinak, osim širenja zaraznih bolesti je uznemiravanje i nadraživanje životinja što dovodi do agresivnosti životinja, smanjene proizvodnje mlijeka, slabog prirasta i drugih posljedica. U životinjskim nastambama je odgovarajuća mikroklima koja odgovara muhama, a imaju u izobilju hranjivog supstrata za polaganje jajašaca, razvoj ličinki i odrasle. Većina vrsta muha koje obitavaju u našim krajevima se hrane izmetom, organskim otpadom ili lešinama, a odrasli primjerci stajske muhe (pecavke) se hrane krvlju. Postupak suzbijanja i smanjenja broja muha može se podijeliti na metode koje se mogu koristiti za kontrolu rasta i razmnožavanja muha (uništavanje mjesta polaganja jajašaca i spriječavanje razmnožavanja) i metode uklanjanja odraslih muha.
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- 2022
18. Delovanje insekticida iz grupe neonikotinoida na rane razvojne stadijume riba
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Stevanović, Marija, Stevanović, Marija, Stevanović, Kristina, Brkić, Dragica, Đorđević, Tijana, Gašić, Slavica, Stevanović, Marija, Stevanović, Marija, Stevanović, Kristina, Brkić, Dragica, Đorđević, Tijana, and Gašić, Slavica
- Abstract
Acetamiprid je sistemični insekticid širokog spektra delovanja koji pripada hemijskoj grupi neonikotinoida. Zbog dokazanog štetnog delovanja na medonosne pčele i druge oprašivače, neke aktivne supstance iz ove grupe insekticida povučene su iz primene na nivou Evropske unije.. Za razliku od njih, acetamiprid je, na reevaluaciji dobio produženje odobrenja od 15 godina, tako da je u našoj zemlji i Evropskoj Uniji odobren za primenu do 28.02.2033. godine. Usled toksičnosti za akvatične beskičmenjake acetamiprid je deklarisan kao štetan za vodene organizme sa dugotrajnim posledicama. Prema dostupnim rezultatima ispitivanjima nije registrovano njegovo toksično delovanje za ribe . Cilj ovog rada bio je ispitivanje toksičnosti preparata na bazi aktivne supstance acetamiprid (sadržaj a.s. 20%, vodorastvorljivo prašivo – SP) za embrionalni razvojni stadijum slatkovodne ribe zebra vrste Danio rerio. Embrioni starosti do 5 h nakon oplodnje su izlagani u statičnom testu seriji koncentracija preparata na bazi acetamiprida. Tretmani su postavljeni u tri, dok je kontrolna grupa imala šest ponavljanja. Ispitivanje je trajalo 120 h, a izvedeno je prema smernicama metode OECD 210 (2013). Nakon izlaganja embriona u definisanim vremenskim intervalima praćeni su smrtnost, poremećaj motoneuralnog i kardijalnog sistema, kao i pojave razvojnih deformacija: edema, kraniofacijalnih deformacija i izostanak mehura. Izračunavani su sledeći toksikološki parametri: srednja smrtna koncentracija (LC-50, mg as/L); srednje efektivne koncentracie za razvojne deformacije (EC- 50, mg as/L), indeks teratogenosti (TI). Izlaganje embriona D. rerio preparatu na bazi acetamprida dovelo je do statistički značajne smrtnosti u svim, izuzev tretmana sa najnižom ispitivanom koncentracijom. Takođe, registrovan je negativan uticaj na motoneuralni razvoj, srčani ritam i porast embriona, a od razvojnih poremećaja značajan je udeo jedinki kod kojih je izostalo obrazovanje ili nije bio ispunjen mehur. Iz odnosa toksično
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- 2021
19. Osetljivost populacija Brassicogethes aeneus (f.) (Coleoptera, Nitidulidae) na insekticide: rezultati testiranja 2021. godine
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Kljajić, Petar, Kljajić, Petar, Milovanović, Predrag, Andrić, Goran, Pražić Golić, Marijana, Jovičić, Ivana, Milovac, Željko, Franeta, Filip, Kljajić, Petar, Kljajić, Petar, Milovanović, Predrag, Andrić, Goran, Pražić Golić, Marijana, Jovičić, Ivana, Milovac, Željko, and Franeta, Filip
- Abstract
Repičin sjajnik, Brassicogethes aeneus (F.) je najznačajniji štetni insekt uljane repice koji se često suzbija insekticidima. Radi praćenja stanja i pravovremenog utvrđivanja promene osetljivosti i rezistentnosti populacija na insekticide u Srbiji, tokom aprila 2021. godine su testirane populacije prikupljene sa ozime uljane repice na području Bajše, Bačke Topole (Malog Beograda), Novog Sada (Rimskih šančeva) i Dobanovaca. Prikupljena imaga B. aeneus su u skladu sa metodom IRAC (No. 027) do testiranja čuvane u frižideru na 5°C. U biotestu, realizovanom u laboratorijskim uslovima, su korišćeni insekticidi na bazi lambda-cihalotrina, cipermetrina, alfa-cipermetrina, deltametrina i hlorpirifosa + cipermetrina, rastvoreni u smeši voda + aceton (5%+95%). Primenjeni su u dozama od 100% i 25% od preporučene, tako što je na zidove staklenih posuda, dimenzija 5,5 cm x 2,5 cm i 48 cm2 unutrašnje površine, nanošeno po 0,5 ml rastvora svakog insekticida, uz ručno rolovanje do sušenja depozita. U kontroli je korišćena samo smeša vode i acetona. Po deset imaga je ubacivano u svaku posudu, a testiranje svake doze i insekticida je realizovano u tri ponavljanja na temperaturi 22±2°C, relativnoj vlažnosti vazduha 60±5% i fotoperiodu 16:8. Beležen je broj uginulih insekata posle 24 časa od početka izlaganja svakom depozitu. Prema klasifikaciji datoj u metodi IRAC (No. 011), dobijeni rezultati testiranja pokazuju da populacije iz Novog Sada, Dobanovaca i Bajše spadaju u prvu grupu, visoko osetljive, na insekticid hlorpirifos + cipermetrin, jer je smrtnost jedinki bila 100% kod obe koncentracije (100% i 25% od preporučene). U drugu grupu, osetljive, spadaju sve četiri ispitivane populacije sjajnika na alfa-cipermetrin, zatim populacija iz Bačke Topole na lambda-cihalotrin i cipermetrin, i populacije iz Dobanovaca i Bajše na cipermetrin. U grupu tri, umereno rezistentne, spada populacija iz Novog Sada na lambda-cihalotrin i cipermetrin, i populacije iz Dobanovaca i Bajše na lambda-cihalo
- Published
- 2021
20. Photodegradation of acetamiprid in a plate photoreactor
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Zgrebec, Ivan and Tomašić, Vesna
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insekticidi ,Pesticidi, insekticidi, acetamiprid, titanijev (IV) oksid, fotokataliza, fotoliza, fotokatalizator ,photocatalyst ,TEHNIČKE ZNANOSTI. Kemijsko inženjerstvo ,acetamiprid ,pesticides ,fotoliza ,titanijev (IV) oksid TiO2 ,photolysis ,TECHNICAL SCIENCES. Chemical Engineering ,titanium (IV) oxide TiO2 ,fotokataliza ,pesticidi ,fotokatalizator ,photocatalysis ,insecticides - Abstract
Pesticidi su toksične kemijske tvari ili mješavine tvari ili bioloških sredstava koje se namjerno otpuštaju u okoliš kako bi se spriječile, kontrolirale i/ili ubijale populacije štetnika. Otpornost pesticida na biološku, kemijsku i fotolitičku razgradnju uzrokuje njihovu akumulaciju s neželjenim posljedicama u okolišu. Cilj ovog istraživanja je razvoj prikladnog katalizatora za fotorazgradnju modelne komponente insekticida. Kao modelna komponenta korišten je insekticid acetamiprid (C10H11ClN4), koji dolazi kao sastavna komponenta komercijalnog proizvoda Mospilan. Istraživanje je provedeno u pločastom reaktoru s recirkulacijom reakcijske smjese primjenjujući imobilizirani sloj fotokatalizatora (TiO2). Ispitan je utjecaj početne pH vrijednosti reakcijske smjese na učinkovitost fotorazgradnje acetamiprida u uvjetima simuliranog Sunčevog zračenja. Također je uspoređena učinkovitost fotolitičke i fotokatalitičke razgradnje acetamiprida određivanjem promjene koncentracije acetamiprida pomoću tekućinske kromatografije visoke djelotvornosti. Za pripremu imobiliziranog fotokatalitičkog sloja korištena je abrazivna podloga kao nosač te mineralno vezivo Procol. Nađeno je da fotolitičkom reakcijom dolazi do neznatne razgradnje acetamiprida uz primjenu simuliranog Sunčevog zračenja. Fotokatalitička razgradnja acetamiprida u uvjetima simuliranog Sunčeva zračenja najučinkovitija je pri pH=4,5-6,5. Također je ustanovljeno da je fotokatalitička razgradnja acetamiprida učinkovitija uz primjenu ultrazvučne predobrade reakcijske smjese u trajanju od 15 minuta. Rezultati kinetičke analize pokazali su da se fotokatalitička razgradnja acetamiprida pri uvjetima korištenim u ovom radu može opisati primjenom jednostavnog kinetičkog modela za reakciju prvoga reda. Pesticides are toxic chemicals or mixtures of substances or biological agents that are intentionally released into the environment to prevent, control, and/or kill pest populations. The resistance of pesticides to biological, chemical and photolytic degradation leads to their accumulation with undesirable consequences in the environment. The aim of this research is to develop a suitable catalyst for the photochemical degradation of the model component of insecticides. The insecticide acetamiprid (C10H11ClN4), which occurs as a component of the commercial product Mospilan, was used as the model component. The study was carried out in a plate photoreactor with recirculation of the reaction mixture using an immobilized photocatalyst layer (TiO2). The effect of initial pH of the reaction mixture on the efficiency of photocatalytic degradation of acetamiprid under the conditions of simulated solar radiation was investigated. The efficiency of photolytic and photocatalytic degradation of acetamiprid was also compared by determining the change in acetamiprid concentration using high performance liquid chromatography. An abrasive substrate was used as a support and the mineral binder Procol was used to prepare the immobilized photocatalytic layer. It was found that the photolytic reaction leads to a slight decomposition of acetamiprid under simulated solar irradiation. The photocatalytic degradation of acetamiprid under simulated solar radiation is most effective at pH = 4.5-6.5. It was also found that the photocatalytic degradation of acetamiprid was more efficient when the reaction mixture was pretreated with ultrasound for 15 minutes. The results of the kinetic analysis showed that the photocatalytic degradation of acetamiprid under the conditions used in this work can be described by a simple first-order kinetic model.
- Published
- 2021
21. Površinski napon i suspenzibilnost radnih tečnosti fungicida, insekticida i nepesticidnih supstanci zavisno od kvaliteta vode.
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Vuković, Slavica M., Inđić, Dušanka V., and Gvozdenac, Sonja M.
- Abstract
Copyright of Chemical Industry / Hemijska Industrija is the property of Association of Chemical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. POPULACIJA AMERIŠKEGA ŠKRŽATKA (Scaphoideus titanus Ball) NA OBMOČJU CELJSKE REGIJE.
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CIZEJ, Magda RAK, RUS, Alenka FERLEŽ, and ŠKERBOT, Iris
- Abstract
Scaphoideus titanus is natural vector of the quarantine phytoplasma that causes Grapevine Flavescence dorée (FD). The most important measure for successful prevention spread of FD in vineyards is management of Scaphoideus titanus with insecticides, which was carried out in Šmarje - Virštanj and Slovenske Konjice winegrowing region from year 2011 to 2015. When we use insecticides for controlling American grapevine leafhopper in vineyards for many years, it effectively reduces its population below the threshold of economic damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
23. Effects of biological insecticides NeemAzal T/S and Pyrethrum FS EC and their interaction with organic products in treatments of pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on Pisum sativum (L.).
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Nikolova, Ivelina and Georgieva, Natalia
- Subjects
BIOLOGICAL insecticides ,NEEM insecticide ,AZADIRACHTIN ,PYRETHRUM (Insecticide) ,PEA aphid ,FUNGICIDES ,FOLIAR feeding ,ACYRTHOSIPHON - Abstract
Copyright of Pesticides & Phytomedicine / Pesticidi i Fitomedicina is the property of Institute of Pesticides & Environmental Protection and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. The effectiveness of insecticides in controlling cabbage pests
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Ćorić, Marko and Mešić, Aleksandar
- Subjects
Phyllotreta spp ,insekticidi ,kupus ,effectiveness ,BIOTEHNIČKE ZNANOSTI. Poljoprivreda (agronomija) ,kupus, Phyllotreta spp., Plutella xylostella L., učinkovitost, insekticidi ,učinkovitost ,cabbage ,Plutella xylostella L ,insecticides ,BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES. Agronomy - Abstract
Preduvjet za uspješan plasman kupusa na tržište su zdrave glavice. Pritom problem predstavljaju uzročnici bolesti i štetnici koji ih oštećuju i na taj način ih čine neprikladnim za tržište. Najznačajniji problem u zaštiti kupusa na području Knina u prethodnim godinama predstavljali su buhači (Phyllotreta spp.) i kupusni moljac (Plutella xylostella L.). Pokus učinkovitosti insekticida iz različitih kemijskih skupina u suzbijanju najznačajnijih štetnika kupusa proveden je od srpnja do rujna 2018. godine. Pokus je bio postavljen na kupusu na području općine Biskupije, u Šibensko-kninskoj županiji. U istraživanje su uključena tri insekticida iz različitih kemijskih skupina: imidakloprid (neonikotinoid), dimetoat (organo-fosforni insekticid) i alfa-cipermetrin (piretroid). Pri očitavanju rezultata suzbijanja vizualno je pregledavano po 10 biljaka u svakoj parcelici. Na svakoj pregledanoj biljci zabilježen je ukupan broj listova, te broj odnosno postotak oštećenih listova. Po završetku vegetacije obavljeno je vaganje glavica kupusa na svim varijantama pokusa. Insekticid „Rogor 40“ (dimetoat) iz skupine organo-fosfornih insekticida, pokazao je signifikantno bolju učinkovitost i nakon prvog i nakon drugog tretiranja od insekticida „Boxer 200 SL“ (imidakloprid) iz skupine neonikotinoida, te od insekticida „Fastac 10 EC“ (alfa-cipermetrin) iz skupine piretroida. Prosječna masa glavica je bila značajno veća kod biljaka koje su tretirane pripravkom „Rogor 40“ (dimetoat), za razliku od ostalih varijanata u pokusu. A prerequisite for a successful placement of cabbage on the market are healthy cabbage heads. Plant disease agents and pests present a problem, as they damage them making them inadequate for the market. The most important problem in cabbage protection in the area of Knin in the recent years have been flea beetles (Phyllotreta spp.) and diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella L.). A test of insecticide effectiveness from different chemical groups in control of the most important cabbage pests was conducted from July to September 2018. The test was performed on the cabbage in the municipality of Biskupija, in Šibenik-Knin County. The research included three insecticides from different chemical groups: imidacloprid (neonicotinoid), dimethoate (organic phosphate insecticide) and alfa-cypermethrin (pyrethroid). Upon reading the results, 10 plants were visually inspected in each plot of land. The total number of leaves was recorded on each inspected plant, as well as the number or percentage of damaged leaves. Upon the completion of vegetation, the results of the weighing of cabbage heads were released during all the test versions. The insecticide “Rogor 40” (dimethoate) from the group of organic phosphate insecticides showed a significantly higher effectiveness both after the first and the second treatment compared with the insecticide “Boxer 200 SL” (imidacloprid) from the group of neonicotinoids and with the insecticide “Fastac 10 EC” (alpha-cypermethrin) from the group of pyrethroids. The average head size was significantly larger in plants treated with “Rogor 40” (dimethoate), as opposed to other variants in the test.
- Published
- 2020
25. Susceptibility of sugar beet flea beetle (Chaetocnema tibiallis Illiger 1807) to insecticides in the Republic Croatia
- Author
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Šutić, Anamaria and Bažok, Renata
- Subjects
rezistentnost ,resistance ,insekticidi ,sugar beet flea beetle ,BIOTEHNIČKE ZNANOSTI. Poljoprivreda (agronomija) ,sugar beet ,šećerna repa ,insekticidi, repin buhač, rezistentnost, suzbijanje štetnika, šećerna repa ,repin buhač ,suzbijanje štetnika ,insecticides ,pest control ,BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES. Agronomy - Abstract
Šećerna repa jedna je od važnijih kultura na svijetu. Godišnje se na svjetskoj razini proizvede 277 milijuna tona. Tijekom vegetacije šećerna repa je izložena napadu velikog broja štetnika koji se moraju suzbijati da bi se osigurali visoki prinosi. Jedan od važnijih štetnika je repin buhač (Chaetocnema tibialis Illiger 1807). On je štetnik ranog porasta šećerne repe. Suzbijanje buhača uspješno je provođeno sjetvom sjemena tretiranog sistemičnim insekticidima iz skupine neonikotinoida. Od 2018. godine primjena neonikotinoida je zabranjena pa je za očekivati da će se buhači morati suzbijati folijarnim insekticidima za koje postoji sumnja na razvoj rezistentnosti. Pojava rezistentnosti može imati ozbiljne posljedice za proizvodnju. Stoga je poznavanje statusa osjetljivosti štetnika na insekticide neophodno da bi se mogle izbjeći ili ublažiti negativne posljedice koje pojava rezistentnosti može izazvati. Cilj ovog rada bio je utvrditi učinkovitost organofosfornih insekticida, piretroida i neonikotinoida na mortalitet odraslog razvojnog stadija repinog buhača sa šest lokaliteta u području intenzivnog uzgoja šećerne repe u Hrvatskoj. Za potrebe provedbe pokusa provedeno je tretiranje praznih staklenih bočica u koje su nakon tretiranja i sušenja ispušteni buhači. U očitavanju je utvrđivan broj mrtvih i živih kukaca. Klasifikacija rezultata provedena je temeljem utvrđenih mortaliteta, a populacije su razvrstane kao visoko osjetljive, osjetljive, umjereno rezistentne, rezistentne i visoko rezistentne. Sve su testirane populacije repina buhača bile visoko osjetljive na primjenu klorpirifosa. Na primjenu lambda-cihalotrina rezistentne su bile tri populacije, a tri populacije pokazale su umjerenu rezistentnost. Na primjenu tiakloprida sve populacije pokazale su visoku rezistentnost. Ostvareni rezultati ukazuju da je repin buhač počeo razvijati rezistentnost na piretroide, a jedino su piretroidi trenutno u Hrvatskoj dozvoljeni za njegovo folijarno suzbijanje. Stoga je nužno iznaći nove načine suzbijanja repina buhača koji uključuju uvođenje novih insekticida, ali i novih metoda suzbijanja. U suprotnom bi štete od buhača mogle postati ograničavajući čimbenik u proizvodnji šećerne repe. Sugar beet is one of the most important crops in the world. Annually, 277 million tons of sugar beets are produced worldwide. During the period of vegetation, sugar beet is exposed to a large number of pests that must be controlled to ensure high yields. One of the most important pests is sugar beet flea beetle (Chaetocnema tibialis Illiger 1807). Sugar beet flea beetle is a pest in the early growth stage of sugar beet. Control of flea beetle was successfully carried out by sowing seeds treated with systemic insecticides from the group of neonicotinoids. As of 2018, the use of neonicotinoids is prohibited, therefore it is expected that flea beetle will have to be controlled with foliar insecticides for which there is a suspicion of resistance development. The appearance of resistance can have serious consequences for production. Therefore, knowledge of pest susceptibility status to insecticides is necessary in order to avoid or mitigate the negative consequences that the appearance of resistance may cause. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of organophosphorus insecticides, pyrethroids and neonicotinoids on the mortality in adult developmental stage of flea beetle within six localities in the area of intensive sugar beet cultivation in Croatia. For the purposes of the experiment, empty glass vials were treated in which flea beetles was discharged after treatment and drying. The number of dead or dying insects was determined in the reading. The classification of results was carried out on the basis of determined mortality, and populations were classified as highly sensitive, sensitive, moderately resistant, resistant, and highly resistant. All tested populations of sugar beet flea beetle were highly sensitive to the use of chlorpyrifos. Three populations were resistant to the use of lambda-cyhalothrin, and three populations showed moderate resistance. All populations showed high resistance to thiacloprid. The achieved results indicate that sugar beet flea beetle has started to develop resistance to pyrethroids, and only pyrethroids are currently allowed in the Republic of Croatia for its foliar control. Therefore, it is necessary to find new ways to control sugar beet flea beetle, which include the introduction of new insecticides, but also new methods of control. Otherwise, damage from sugar beet flea beetle could become a limiting factor in sugar beet production.
- Published
- 2020
26. Determination of pesticide residues in flour : bachelor thesis
- Author
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Brajković, Marija and Giljanović, Josipa
- Subjects
herbicidi ,insekticidi ,herbicides ,pesticidi ,MS ,pesticides ,HPLC ,PRIRODNE ZNANOSTI. Kemija ,NATURAL SCIENCES. Chemistry ,insecticides - Abstract
Upotreba pesticida seţe još do davnih dana kada su korišteni razni jednostavni anorganski spojevi, spojevi sadrţani u biljkama i pripravljeni biljni preparati u svrhu zaštite usjeva od štetnika. Do preokreta dolazi otkrićem insekticidnog djelovanja diklordinitrofeniltrikloretana (DDT). Primjenom pesticida dolazi do otpornosti štetnika na te pojedine pesticide, što dovodi do pojaĉane proizvodnje novih. Zbog njihove široke primjene i njihovih negativnih uĉinaka (toksiĉnost, zagaĊenje vode i okoliša) doneseni su strogi zakoni i provode se detaljna istraţivanja ostataka pesticida u hrani. U radu je opisana podjela pesticida i njihovi glavni predstavnici s naglaskom na insekticide, fungicide,herbicide i rodenticide kao i metode njihovog odreĊivanja u brašnu. The use of pesticides dates back to ancient times when various simple inorganic compounds, compounds contained in plants and prepared herbal preparations were used for the purpose of protecting crops from pests. The reversal occurs with the discovery of the insecticidal action of dichlorodinitrophenyltrichloroethane (DDT). The application of pesticides leads to the resistance of pests to these individual pesticides, which leads to increased production of new ones. Due to their wide application and their negative effects (toxicity, water and environmental pollution) strict laws have been passed and detailed research of pesticide residues in food is being carried out. The paper describes the division of pesticides and their main representatives with emphasis on insecticides, fungicides, herbicides and rodenticides as well as methods of their determination in flour.
- Published
- 2020
27. Vpliv insekticida kumafosa na obnašanje laboratorijske miši kot model za strupenost pri ljudeh
- Author
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Hojnik, Nataša and Majdič, Gregor
- Subjects
udc:632.95.024:599.323:611.81:57.084(043.2) ,coumaphos ,animal testing ,insekticidi ,kumafos ,mice ,laboratorijske miši ,behavioural tests ,organofosfati ,med ,miši ,honey ,development of brain ,dolgotrajna izpostavljenost ,testi obnašanja ,duševne motnje ,organophosphates ,poskusi na živalih ,longterm exposure ,razvoj možganov ,insecticides - Published
- 2020
28. Vpliv števila škropljenj z insekticidom na škodljivost tobakovega resarja (Thrips tabaci Lindeman, Thysanoptera, Thripidae) na zgodnjem zelju
- Author
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Ravnikar, Katarina and Trdan, Stanislav
- Subjects
tobakov resar ,insekticidi ,zgodnje zelje ,deltametrin ,zelje ,škropljenje in prašenje ,udc:632.7:632.951:635.342(043.2) ,rastlinski škodljivci ,varstvo rastlin ,Thrips tabaci - Published
- 2020
29. Odpornost populacij koloradskega hrošča (Leptinotarsa decemlineata [Say], Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) v Sloveniji na izbrane insekticide
- Author
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Urbančič Zemljič, Meta and Trdan, Stanislav
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Leptinotarsa decemlineata ,imidakloprid ,insekticidi ,koloradski hrošč ,Clorpyriphos ,Imidacloprid ,insecticide resistance ,krompir ,odpornost na insekticide ,lambda-cihalotrin ,klorpirifos ,Colorado potato beetle ,udc:632.76:632.951.025.8:633.491:595.768.1(043.3) ,potatoes ,zatiranje škodljivcev ,Lambda-cyhalothrin ,pest control ,insecticides - Published
- 2020
30. Preučevanje skladnosti entomopatogenih ogorčic (Rhabditida) in insekticidov v laboratorijskih razmerah
- Author
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Pust, Polona and Trdan, Stanislav
- Subjects
plant protection ,insekticidi ,entomopatogene ogorčice ,udc:632.651:632.937.1:632:951.024(043.2) ,fitofarmacevtska sredstva ,compatibility ,mortality ,laboratorijske razmere ,pest management ,združljivost ,smrtnost ,laboratory conditions ,zatiranje škodljivcev ,entomopathogenic nematodes ,varstvo rastlin ,insecticides - Published
- 2020
31. Primerjava učinkovitosti dveh alternativnih načinov zatiranja koloradskega hrošča (Leptinotarsa decemlineata [Say]) na krompirju (Solanum tuberosum L.) v primerjavi z insekticidom tiametoksam
- Author
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Kolar, Timijan and Trdan, Stanislav
- Subjects
insekticidi ,zatiranje ,lesni pepel ,koloradski hrošč ,diatomejska zemlja ,pridelek ,yield ,diatomaceous earth ,krompir ,tiametoksam ,udc:633.491:632.76:632.937(043.2) ,thiametoxam ,Colorado potato beetle ,potatoes ,insecticides ,pest control ,wood ashes - Published
- 2020
32. Effectivness Increase of Insecticides for Onion Thrips (Thrips tabaci Lind.) Control by Adding a Cirkon Stimulator
- Author
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Žerak, Filip and Lešnik, Mario
- Subjects
tobakov resar ,biostimulants ,insekticidi ,zatiranje ,čebula ,tobacco trips ,onion ,control ,biostimulatorji ,insecticides - Abstract
V letu 2018 smo na kmetiji Majerič v Moškanjcih izvedli poljski poskus, v katerem smo ugotavljali, ali lahko z dodatkom biostimulatorja Cirkon (izločki Echinacea purpurea) povečamo učinkovitost nekaterih pogosto uporabljenih insekticidov za zatiranje tobakovega resarja (Thrips tabaci Lind.) v nasadu čebule. Uporabili smo insekticide na podlagi deltametrina, spinosada, dimetoata in spirotetramata, katerim smo dodali biostimulator Cirkon. Aplikacijo insekticidov smo izvedli trikrat zapored. Oceno velikosti populacije smo izvedli 7 dni po nanosu insekticida in kasneje še dvakrat. Pri naključno izbranih rastlinah smo na 10 cm2 površine lista s štetjem določili velikost populacije. Podatke smo vnesli v Abbotovo formulo za izračun učinkovitosti. Rezultati raziskave so pokazali, da lahko z dodatkom biostimulatorja Cirkon povečamo učinkovitost insekticidov za 8 do 20 odstotkov. Pri vseh testiranih insekticidih je bil učinek podoben, iz česar lahko sklepamo, da ima sredstvo repelentni učinek na škodljivca. Prav tako smo pri vseh pripravkih ugotovili zmanjšano učinkovitost pri tretjem zaporednem nanosu (-30 %). Poskus nakazuje zniževanje učinkovitosti testiranih insekticidov. In 2018 we conducted an agricultural field experiment on the Majerič family farm situated in the settlement of Moškanjci, in order to determine if adding a biostimulant Cirkon (Echinacea purpurea extract) leads to higher effectiveness of some frequently used pest insecticides to control onion thrips (Thrips tabaci Lind.) in crop fields. We used deltamethrin, spinosad, dimethoate and spirotetramat based insecticides with the addition of the Cirkon biostimulant. We carried out three consecutive applications of the insecticides. The estimation of the pest population was made 7 days after the treatment with the insecticides, followed by two more counts. We used a counting method within the target area covering 10 cm2 of the leaf surface of randomly chosen plants. The data was entered into the Abbott formula of computing to determine the effectiveness of an insecticide. Our research results pointed to an 8 % to 20 % increase of insecticide effectiveness when the Cirkon biostimulant was added. All tested insecticides demonstrated similar effectiveness, which leads to a conclusion that the substance has an insect repellent effect. Moreover, we detected a lower effectiveness level (by 30 %) with the third consecutive insecticide application. The experiment points to lowering the effectiveness rate of the tested insecticides.
- Published
- 2020
33. Metode utvrđivanja rezistentnosti u entomološkim znanostima
- Author
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Anita Štvičić, Ivana Pajač Živković, and Darija Lemić
- Subjects
insekticidi ,kukci ,metode ,rezistentnost - Abstract
Ponovni neuspjeh tretiranja ili sposobnost kukaca da prežive primjenu insekticida najčešće je posljedica razvoja rezistentnosti štetnih kukaca na insekticide. Danas je pojava rezistentnosti kukaca zabilježena u gotovo cijelom svijetu, a prvi put je ustanovljena 1947. godine u kućne muhe na pripravak DDT. Najnovija istraživanja govore o 1000 različitih vrsta kukaca koji su razvili rezistentnost na jedan ili više insekticida. Jedino rana detekcija rezistentnosti omogućuje uspješnu provedbu antirezistentnih strategija. Metode kojima se utvrđuje rezistentnost kukaca na insekticide općenito se mogu podijeliti u četiri skupine: biološke, biokemijske, imunološke te molekularne. Cilj je ovoga rada bio opisati svaku od navedenih metoda te istaknuti njihove prednosti i/ili nedostatke za primjenu u poljoprivredi. Biološke se metode najčešće koriste u praksi, najjednostavnije su i najjeftinije za provedbu te daju detaljniji uvid u mehanizam nastanka rezistentnosti. Glavni je nedostatak što zahtijevaju žive jedinke za ispitivanje. Biološke su metode zbog toga radno intenzivne, mogu oduzeti puno vremena za provedbu i zahtijevati veliki istraživački prostor. Prednost je biokemijskih metoda što zahtijevaju opremu osnovnih laboratorija. Međutim moraju se provoditi na živom materijalu pod umjetnim ili kontroliranim uvjetima što ponekad može utjecati na aktivnost enzima u usporedbi s uvjetima na terenu. Imunološke metode temelje se na antitijelima koja su napravljena za velike biokemijske molekule odgovorne za razvoj rezistentnosti kukca na određeni insekticid. Imunološke su metode jednostavne za upotrebu, međutim zbog specifičnosti antitijela vrlo se rijetko koriste u utvrđivanju rezistentnosti na većim područjima. Molekularne metode istraživanja rezistentnosti temelje se na genotipizaciji mutacija karakterističnih kod određenog tipa rezistentnosti. Omogućuju otkrivanje rezistentnih genotipova u populaciji dovoljno rano što omogućava daljnje praćenje i uvođenje antirezistentnih programa. Međutim podrazumijevaju detaljne analitičke procedure koje zahtijevaju skupu opremu i osoblje s visokim tehničkim vještinama za izvođenje ispitivanja.
- Published
- 2020
34. Osjetljivost krumpirove zlatice na insekticide dozvoljene za primjenu u Republici Hrvatskoj
- Author
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Mandić, Jakov
- Subjects
krumpirova zlatica ,krumpir ,rezistentnost ,insekticidi - Abstract
Krumpirova zlatica (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say) najvažniji je štetnik krumpira. Zbog svoje brze prilagodbe i razvoja rezistentnosti stvara velike probleme u kemijskom suzbijanju. Do sada je u svijetu zabilježeno 300 slučajeva rezistentnosti krumpirove zlatice na 56 djelatnih tvari insekticida. Rezistentnost krumpirove zlatice u Hrvatskoj dokazana je na klorirane ugljikovodike, organofosforne insekticide, karbamate i piretroide. Cilj rada bio je utvrditi osjetljivost ličinki krumpirove zlatice na dozvoljene insekticide u Republici Hrvatskoj (klorpirifos, cipermetrin, tiakloprid, klorantraniliprol, metaflumizon, spinosad i lufenuron) na deset lokacija iz šest županija kontinentalne Hrvatske. U 2018. laboratorijski testovi provedeni su prema IRAC test metodi 007, potapanjem listova krumpira za ishranu kukaca u škropiva različitih insekticida. Populacije su klasificirane u pet kategorija temeljem učinkovitosti preporučene doze 48 sati nakon tretiranja za insekticide brzog djelovanja, te 72 sata nakon tretiranja za insekticide sporog djelovanja. Sve istraživane populacije krumpirove zlatice rezistentne su na cipermetrin, klorantraniliprol i lufenurom. Na tiakloprid i metaflumizon je rezistentno pola istraživanih populacija, a klorpirifos je pokazao djelotvornost samo na jednoj populaciji, a na ostalima rezistentnost. Sve populacije krumpirove zlatice osjetljive su na spinosad.
- Published
- 2020
35. Fenologija i suzbijanje stablovnih rilaša (Ceutorhynchus napi gyllenhal i Ceutorhynchus pallidactylus Marsham) u uljanoj repici na severu Srbije
- Author
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Lazar Sivčev, Snezana Pesic, Vladimir Tomić, Ivan Sivčev, Boris Dudić, and Draga Graora
- Subjects
2. Zero hunger ,insekticidi ,oilseed rape ,Phenology ,uljana repica ,Srbija ,Building and Construction ,15. Life on land ,Biology ,stem weevils ,lcsh:Plant culture ,Ceutorhynchus napi ,Botany ,stablovi rilaši ,lcsh:SB1-1110 ,serbia ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Serbia ,Ceutorhynchus pallidactylus ,insecticides - Abstract
Stem weevils (Ceutorhynchus pallidactylus and Ceutorhynchus napi) are significant pests of oilseed rape that farmers regularly suppress by insecticide treatments intended against Brassicogethes aeneus. Recent studies have shown that in some regions of northern Serbia C. napi is dominant, while C. pallidactylus prevails in others. Increased damage from stem weevils has elicited an exploration of the situation and a study of their phenology and effects of insecticides in three differently managed fields: conventional, organic and integrated. New findings regarding the phenology of stem weevils show that both species were sporadically present in our experimental oilseed rape fields as early as during autumn (from the end of October 2010, BBCH 17-18). The main period of stem weevil settlement is the end of winter and early spring. Maximum flight of both weevil species was recorded on March 23 at the beginning of oilseed rape (OSR) stem elongation (BBCH 22-25), and one week later in the organic field. There were no significant differences in the number of settled weevils among the three differently managed fields. The insecticide treatment against C. napi was applied two weeks earlier than the usual treatment against B. aeneus and C. pallidactylus. Thus, it is clear that insecticide treatment directed against B. aeneus and C. pallidactylus is not effective against C. napi. In this way, such a practice can contribute to an increase in OSR damage, and density of the next generation of C. napi. A new generation of C. pallidactylus emerged from OSR fields in June 2011, while the majority of C. napi emerged in March of the following year. Ceutorhynchus pallidactylus i Ceutorhynchus napi su značajne štetočine uljane repice koje farmeri redovnu suzbijaju insekticidnim tretmanom protiv Brassicogethes aeneus. Nedavne studije su pokazale da u nekim regionima na severu Srbije dominira C. napi, a u drugim regionima C. pallidactylus. Povećane štete od stablovih rilaša ukazale su na potrebu praćenja njihove fenologije, efekata insekticida i uticaj agrotehnike. Utvrđeno je po prvi put da je pojava ovih insekata (C. napi i C. pallidactylus) na poljima uljane repice već tokom jeseni, od kraja oktobra 2010 (BBCH 17-18). Glavni period kada oni naseljavaju uljanu repicu je tokom kraja zime i na početku proleća. Maksimalni let je zabeležen 23. marta, u vreme izduživanja stabla uljane repice (BBCH 22-25). U odnosu na primenjenu agrotehniku nije bilo značajnih razlika u broju insekata koji su doletali. Registrovan broj doletelih imaga C. napi bio je 2,7 puta veći nego C. pallidactylus. U skladu sa tim, insekticidni tretman je bio 25. marta 2011. Posledica dominacije C. napi je potreba za primenom insekticida oko 2 nedelje ranije u odnosu na termin kada se suzbijaju B. aeneus i C. pallidactilus. Stoga je jasno da konvencionalna jednokratna primena insekticida za suzbijanje B. aeneus nije efikasna protiv C. napi i da takva praksa doprinosi tako velikim razlikama u brojnosti ova dva rilaša. Nova generacija C. pallidactylus izleće već tokom juna meseca iz zemljišta sa uljanom repicom (BCH 76-88) dok glavnina imaga C. napi izleće naredne godine u martu mesecu.
- Published
- 2018
36. Efficacy of Different Insecticides in Controlling Pollen Beetle (Meligetes aeneus F.) in Rapeseed Crop.
- Author
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Milovanović, Predrag, Kljajić, Petar, Andrić, Goran, Pražić-Golić, Marijana, and Popović, Tatjana
- Subjects
PYRETHROIDS ,CHOLINESTERASE reactivators ,PEST control ,BEETLES ,RAPESEED - Abstract
Copyright of Pesticides & Phytomedicine / Pesticidi i Fitomedicina is the property of Institute of Pesticides & Environmental Protection and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Diatomaceous Earths - Natural Insecticides.
- Author
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Korunić, Zlatko
- Subjects
DIATOMACEOUS earth ,BIOLOGICAL insecticides ,AGRICULTURAL chemicals ,BIOLOGICAL control of insects ,PESTICIDES - Abstract
Copyright of Pesticides & Phytomedicine / Pesticidi i Fitomedicina is the property of Institute of Pesticides & Environmental Protection and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Primena pesticida u ratarstvu
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Lalošević, Mirjana, Lalošević, Mirjana, Milovac, Željko, Malidža, Goran, Župunski, Vesna, Maširević, Stevan, Jevtić, Radivoje, Lalošević, Mirjana, Lalošević, Mirjana, Milovac, Željko, Malidža, Goran, Župunski, Vesna, Maširević, Stevan, and Jevtić, Radivoje
- Abstract
Jedan od najvećih izazova 21. veka jeste uspostavljanje održive poljoprivredne proizvodnje koja će moći da prehrani rastuću svetsku populaciju. Sastavni deo održive poljoprivredne proizvodnje je savre- mena ratarska proizvodnja koja je nezamisliva bez upotrebe pesticida. Od svih pesticida u ratarskoj proizvodnji, herbicidi zauzimaju dominantnu poziciju po utrošenim količinama i površinama na kojima se primenjuju. Međutim, povlačenje velikog broja pesticida, s obzirom na probleme tok- sičnosti određenih grupa, ima rastući trend u zemljama EU pa i u Srbiji. Takođe, korovi rezistentni na postojeće herbicide, fitopatogene gljive na fungicide i insekti na insekticide predstavljaju narastajući problem i ugrožavaju održivost postojeće prakse suzbijanja štetnih organizama. Naučna istraživanja i višedecenijska praksa potvrđuju da oslanjanje isključivo ili pretežno na pesticide nije održiv pristup. Rešenje u budućnosti neće biti pronalazak povoljnijih herbicida, fungicida i insekticida već primena integralnog sistema mera u kome bi se njihova primena svela na minimum.
- Published
- 2019
39. Antifeeding Activity of Several Plant Extracts Against Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) Larvae.
- Author
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Gvozdenac, Sonja, Inđić, Dušanka, Vuković, Slavica, Grahovac, Mila, and Tanasković, Snežana
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BIOLOGICAL insecticides ,LYMANTRIA dispar ,PLANT extracts ,FOREST management ,PLANT protection - Abstract
Copyright of Pesticides & Phytomedicine / Pesticidi i Fitomedicina is the property of Institute of Pesticides & Environmental Protection and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Management of Western Corn Rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera).
- Author
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Sivčev, Ivan, Kljajić, Petar, Kostić, Miroslav, Sivčev, Lazar, and Stanković, Slađan
- Subjects
WESTERN corn rootworm ,CORN diseases ,LARVAE ,HOST plants - Abstract
Copyright of Pesticides & Phytomedicine / Pesticidi i Fitomedicina is the property of Institute of Pesticides & Environmental Protection and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. UTICAJ ZEMLJIŠNOG INSEKTICIDA TERBUFOS NA SELEKTIVNOST SULFONILUREA HERBICIDA PREMA KUKURUZU.
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Malidža, Goran, Elezović, Ibrahim, Janjić, Vaskrsija, and Vrbničanin, Sava
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- *
EFFECT of pesticides on corn , *HYBRID corn , *INSECTICIDES , *SULFONYLUREAS , *HERBICIDES , *CROP yields , *PHYTOTOXICITY - Abstract
A three-year field trial was set up to study the effect of the soil insecticide terbufos on the selectivity of primisulfuron-methyl, rimsulfuron, and nicosulfuron towards three maize hybrids. The use of primisulfuron-methyl, rimsulfuron, and nicosulfuron after the application of the soil insecticide terbufos resulted in significant plant damage and a decrease of the above-ground plant weight and height, plant height and grain yield in three maize hybrids. The most susceptible hybrid was NS 420, while NS 375 and NS 640 exhibited approximately the same levels of tolerance towards the interaction between terbufos and the sulfonylureas. The highest levels of phytotoxicity resulting from the terbufos by sulfonylurea interaction were observed in the treatments with the most precipitation after the application of the insecticide and just before that of the herbicide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
42. TRETIRANJE SEMENA SUNCOKRETA (Helianthus annuus L.) I EFEKTI PRIMENE INSEKTICIDA.
- Author
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Miklič, Vladimir, Radić, Velimir, Đilvesi, Karlo, Popov, Siniša, Prole, Siniša, Ostojić, Branislav, and Mrđa, Jelena
- Subjects
- *
EFFECT of insecticides on plants , *SEED treatment , *SUNFLOWER seeds , *SUNFLOWER varieties , *CROP yields - Abstract
Yield performance is an important target in sunflower hybrid breeding. This property, in addition to yield stability, is crucial for producers and it depends on many factors. One of these factors is plant number per area unit. This property is greatly influenced by polyphagous in sects, either those residing in the soil (wire worms) or those that attack young leaves (aphids, crickets, etc.). These damages decrease crop stand and yield performance. Because of that, systemic insecticides are often applied in seed treatment. The treated seed is more expensive, but a reduced number of tratments during growing season, better plant stand and improved yield performance compensate for the higher price. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
43. AKTUELNA ISTRAŽIVANJA I NOVE TEHNOLOGIJE U ZAŠTITI RATARSKIH BILJAKA.
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Radivoje, Jevtić, Stevan, Maširević, Goran, Malidža, Tatjana, Kereši, and Radosav, Sekulić
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- *
FIELD crops , *WHEAT , *PYRENOPHORA , *SCLEROTINIA sclerotiorum , *SUNFLOWERS , *SUGAR beets , *SPOTTED cucumber beetle , *INSECTICIDES - Abstract
In 2005 and 2006, the agent of tan spot, Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, was registered in high intensities in several locations u Serbia. Under conditions of natural infection, lowest disease intensities were observed in the winter wheat cultivar Simonida (trace). Most sensitive to P.tritici-repentis were the durum wheat cultivars Durumko and Dušan, rated 03 and exhibiting the infection intensity of 40%, while the triticale cultivar Odisej was rated 03 and the infection intensity in traces, to 5%. The application of the biological fungicide Koni WG, which contains Coniothirium minitans spores in an in active substrate, showed that the permanent in activation of sclerotia amounted to about 67%, in response to the action of the fungicide's active agent. Most of the insecticides used for seed treatment provided a significantly better sugarbeet stand that the untreated control. Due to their systemic action, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and their mixtures with fipronil provided very good protection of young plants against beet leaf aphid and less efficient protection against beet weevil. All insecticides for corn seed treatment provided significant reductions in the extent of root damage by western corn rootworm larvae. Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops has intensive programs of development of sun flower and corn hybrids tolerant to certain herbicides. Tests are conducted on possibilities of weed control by means of herbicide protectants. In Serbia, special interest was raised by the sun flower tolerant to imidazolinones (Clearfield* sytem) and tribenuron methyl and the corn tolerant to cycloxydim (Duo Sys tem). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
44. Pesticides in foods : bachelor thesis
- Author
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Ramljak, Tea and Generalić Mekinić, Ivana
- Subjects
herbicidi ,insekticidi ,herbicides ,TECHNICAL SCIENCES. Chemical Engineering ,BIOTEHNIČKE ZNANOSTI. Kemijsko inženjerstvo ,chromatography ,pesticidi ,pesticides ,fungicidi ,HPLC ,kromatografija ,fungicides ,insecticides - Abstract
Povijest uporabe pesticida seže još u razdoblje antike kada su ljudi koristili različite biljke i prirodne preparate u svrhu zaštite bilja i usjeva od različitih štetnika. Preokret u uporabi pesticida dogodio se otkrićem diklordifeniltrikloretana (DDT-a) kad je počela i prva komercijalna proizvodnja istih.Danas je njihov broj izrazito velik, a uporaba raširena. Sve to dovelo je do velike zabrinutosti obzirom na njihovu dokazanu toksičnost, potencijalni kancerogeni učinak, štetan učinak na okoliš, ali i na ljudsko zdravlje. U ovom radu je objašnjen pojam pesticida, njihova podjela te glavni predstavnici od kojih je posebna pozornost posvećena skupinama insekticida, herbicida i fungicida. U radu su opisane i metode koje se koriste kod detekcije navedenih pesticida u različitim namirnicama. pesticidi, insekticidi, herbicidi, fungicidi, kromatografija, HPLC The history of pesticides use dates back to the ancient time when people used different plants and natural preparations to protect plants and crops from various pests. A turning point in the use of pesticides occurred with the discovery of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT ) and begining of their commercial production. Today, there is a large number of pesticides with widespread usage. All this has led to great concern regarding their toxicity, potential carcinogenic effects, negative effect on the environment, but also on human health. This paper describes the term of pesticides, their division and the main representatives of which particular attention is dedicated to groups of insecticides, herbicides and fungicides. The paper also describes the methods used for the detection of these pesticides in various foods.
- Published
- 2019
45. Investigation Results for Suitable Insecticides Controlling Hawthorn Psyllid (Cacopsylla melanoneura F.)
- Author
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Kuhl, Črtomir and Lešnik, Mario
- Subjects
hawthorn psyllid (Cacopsylla melanoneura Foerster ,insekticidi ,jablana (Malus domestica Borkh) ,zatiranje ,apple tree (Malus domestica Borkh) ,control of hawthorn psyllid ,insecticides ,glogova bolšica (Cacopsylla melanoneura Föerster) - Abstract
V letu 2016 je bil na posestvu Fakultete za kmetijstvo in biosistemske vede Univerze v Mariboru izveden poskus proučevanja učinkovitosti različnih insekticidov za zatiranje glogove bolšice (Cacopsylla melanoneura Föerster). Izvedba poskusa je potekala v integriranih nasadih jablan sort Gala in Jonagold. Poskusne parcelice so zajemale 5 vrst in so segale v dolžino 30 m, razporejene pa so bile po parcelah v obliki šahovnice. Insekticidi so bili naneseni v različnih terminih in fenofazah razvoja jablan. Vrednotenje učinkovitosti škropilnih programov je potekalo sedem, štirinajst in enaidvajset dni po aplikaciji. Rezultati kažejo, da je za učinkovito zatiranje bolšice v integriranih sadovnjakih potrebna več kot dvakratna aplikacija insekticidov. V integriranem načinu proizvodnje je poterebnoizvesti tri do štiri aplikacije insekticidov. Prvo tretiranje je potrebno izvesti v fenofazi BBCH 07-08 oziroma pred cvetenjem. Drugo tretiranje se mora izvesti v fenofazi BBCH 50, v stadiju mišjega ušesca. Tretje tretiranje pa je potrebno izvesti med cvetenjem v fenofazi BBCH 65. Četrto tretiranje pa po cvetenju jablan v fenofazi BBCH 67. Insekticidi, ki so pokazali najvišjo učinkovitost in primernost uporabe v integrani pridelavi jabolk, so naslednji: Spada 200 EC, Trebon Up, Mavrik 240, Karate Zeon.fosmet, etofenproks, tau-fluvalinat in lambda-cihalotrin. In the year 2016, on the Faculty for agriculture and life sciences experiments were conducted to test effectiveness of different insecticides for control of hawthorn psyllid (Cacopsylla melanoneura Föerster). Insecticides were tested in apple plantations of Gala and Jonagold. Plantations were managed according to standard practice in integrated orchards. Experimental plots were five rows wide and were 30 meters in length. Control and experimental plots were arranged in chess pattern across experimental field. Treatments were conducted in different developmental phonological stages of apple trees. The insecticides effectiveness evaluations were conducted after seven, fourteen and twenty one days after the applications. Results show that under the Slovenian climate conditions there is a need for more than two treatments against pest. For integrated plantation there is need for three to four treatments in a year. First two treatments should be applied before apple bloom in BBCH 07-08 growth stage and BBCH 50. Third and fourth treatments should be applied at stage BBCH 65 during apple bloom and after apple bloom in stage BBCH 67. Insecticides which showed the highest effectiveness against hawthorn psyllid were next: Spada 200 EC, Trebon Up, Mavrik 240 and Karate Zeon.
- Published
- 2019
46. Laboratorijsko preučevanje učinkovitosti spinosada in spinetorama pri zatiranju žitnih žužkov (Sitophilus spp., Coleoptera, Curculionidae) na zrnju ozimne pšenice (Triticum aestivum L.)
- Author
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Snoj, Martin and Trdan, Stanislav
- Subjects
rižev žužek ,plant protection ,insekticidi ,Sitophilus granarius ,laboratory experiments ,efficacy ,Sitophilus oryzae ,udc:632.76:632.951(043.2) ,koruzni žužek ,insekticida ,spinetoram ,laboratory experiment ,laboratorijski poskus ,maize weevil ,winter wheat ,ozimna pšenica ,rice weevil ,spinosad ,granary weevil ,črni žitni žužek ,učinkovitost ,varstvo rastlin ,Sitophilus zeamais ,laboratorijski poskusi ,insecticides - Abstract
V Entomološkem laboratoriju Katedre za fitomedicino, kmetijsko tehniko, poljedelstvo, pašništvo in travništvo na Oddelku za agronomijo Biotehniške fakultete v Ljubljani smo v letu 2016 začeli izvajati poskus o učinkovitosti spinosada in spinetorama pri zatiranju žitnih žužkov v gojitvenih komorah. V poskusu smo uporabili odrasle osebke vrst Sitophilus granarius, S. oryzae in S. zeamais iz Srbije in S. zeamais iz Slovenije, ki smo jih za potrebe poskusa namnoževali na zrnju ozimne pšenice pri sobni temperaturi. V gojitvenih komorah smo preučevali delovanje insekticidov spinosada in spinetorama na odrasle osebke žithih žužkov v treh koncentracijah (0,5, 1,0 in 2,0 mg aktivne snovi/kg zrnja) pri 25 °C in 60 % relativni zračni vlagi. Poskus je potekal v 100 ml erlenmajericah z zrnjem štirih sort ozimne pšenice, cv. ‘Arezzo’, ‘Fidelius’, ‘Cimabue’ in ‘Olimpija’. Vsako obravnavanje je bilo v poskusu ponovljeno devetkrat. Smrtnost hroščev smo ugotavljali 7., 14., in 21. dan po izpostavitvi škodljivcev insekticidoma. Rezultati našega poskusa so pokazali, da je bil generalno gledano bolj učinkovit spinetoram, ki je imel 90 % povprečno korigirano smrtnost, spinosad pa 84 %. Med sortami ozimne pšenice smo potrdili razlike v smrtnosti hroščev, in sicer smo največjo smrtnost potrdili na sortah 'Olimpija' in 'Cimabue', (96% korigirana smrtnost) najmanjšo pa na sortah 'Arezzo' in 'Fidelius', ki sta bili tretirani s fungicidom. Največjo smrtnost pri vrsti Sitophilus, pa smo generalno zabeležili pri S. granarius (Srbija) (94 %) in S. oryzae (Srbija) (95 %). At the Entomological Laboratory in the Chair for Phytomedicine, Agricultural Engineering, Field Crops Production, Pasture and Grassland Management (Dept. of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty in Ljubljana) we performed laboratory experiment of insecticidal efficacy of spinosad and spinetoram against Sitophilus spp. weevils in the rearing chambers in 2016. In the experiment we used adults of Sitophilus granarius, S. oryzae and S. zeamais from Serbia, and adults of S. zeamais from Slovenia, which were grown in the grains of winter wheat under room conditions for the purposes of laboratory investigation. In the rearing chambers we tested the efficacy of insecticides spinosad and spinetoram to adults in three different concentrations (0,5, 1,0, and 2,0 mg active ingredient/kg grain) at 25 °C and 60 % relative humidity. The experiment was carried out in 100 ml vials, which were filled with grains of four winter wheat varieties, i.e. ‘Arezzo’, ‘Fidelius’, ‘Cimabue’, and ‘Olimpija’. All treatments were tested in 10 repetitions. Mortality of the weevils was assessed 7, 14, and 21 days after their exposal to both insecticides. Results of our experiment showed that spinetoram influenced higher mortality (90 %) of the beetles compared to spinosad (84 %). Between different winter wheat varieties we confirmed differences in mortality of the adults, since the highest mortality (96 %) was established in varieties 'Olimpija' and 'Cimabue', and the lowest in varieties 'Arezzo' and 'Fidelius', which were treated with fungicides. The highest mortality was confirmed with Serbial populations of S. granarius (94 %) and S. oryzae (95 %).
- Published
- 2019
47. NEUROTOKSIČNI UČINCI PESTICIDA
- Author
-
Hasl, Nino
- Subjects
insekticidi ,piretroidi ,organofosfati ,karbamati ,organokloridi - Abstract
Postoji mnogo skupina pesticida no 4 najveće su organofosfati, karbamati, piretroidi i organokloridi. Insekticidi ovih skupina pesticida svoj učinak, kako na kukce, pokazuju i na sisavce jer im je molekularni mehanizam jednak u obje skupine organizama. Molekularni mehanizam temelji se na inhibiciji serinskih esteraza i kolinesteraza u slučaju organofosfata i karbamata te mijenjanju kinetike natrijskih i drugih ionskih kanala, što je slučaj kod piretroida i organoklorida. Insekticidi ovih skupina pesticida djeluju na živčani sustav pa se najveći toksični učinci pokazuju u središnjem i perifernom živčanom sustavu.
- Published
- 2019
48. SUSCEPTIBILITY OF WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS (Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande, 1895) ON INSECTICIDES
- Author
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Juran, Ivan and Gotlin Čuljak, Tanja
- Subjects
kalifornijski trips, osjetljivost, insekticidi ,kalifornijski trips ,osjetljivost ,insekticidi ,western flower thrips ,susceptibility ,insecticides - Abstract
Kalifornijski trips vrlo je važan štetnik koji je, zbog brzog razvoja rezistentnosti, velik problem u zaštiti plodovitog povrća (rajčice, paprike i krastavca). Tijekom 2018. godine sa sedam su lokaliteta na području tri županije prikupljene populacije kalifornijskog tripsa s biljaka krastavca i paprike te su podvrgnute testovima osjetljivosti. Sve testirane populacije rezistentne su na aktivne tvari lambda-cihalotrin i tiametoksam, a pet populacija rezistentno je na aktivnu tvar spinosad. Zbog nedovoljne učinkovitosti dopuštenih pripravaka učinkovito suzbijanje kalifornijskog tripsa može se provoditi samo u sklopu integrirane proizvodnje, odnosno integrirane zaštite povrća., Western flower thrips is a very important pest which, due to fast resistance development, presents a problem in vegetable production, especially in tomatoes, peppers and cucumbers. During 2018, western flower thrips populations were collected from cucumber and pepper plants at seven locations in three counties. They were tested according to standardized insecticide susceptibility tests. All tested populations were resistant on active ingredients lambda-cyhalotrin and thiamethoxam and five populations were resistant on active ingredient spinosad. The only successful control of western flower thrips can be achieved within integrated production and integrated control of vegetable crops.
- Published
- 2019
49. Učinkovitost insekticida u suzbijanju krumpirove zlatice na području kontinentalne Hrvatske u 2019
- Author
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Babić, Andreja
- Subjects
krumpir ,krumpirova zlatica ,rezistentnost ,učinkovitost ,insekticidi - Abstract
Krumpirova zlatica (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say 1824) najvažniji je štetnik merkantilnog krumpira koji se godinama uspješno suzbijao primjenom insekticida različitih mehanizama djelovanja. Međutim, s vremenom je zabilježen sve veći broj slučajeva dokazane rezistentnosti zlatice na insekticide koji su više godina u primjeni. Zbog toga bilo je potrebno provjeriti status rezistentnosti na spomenute insekticide kao i učinkovitost novih djelatnih tvari koje su dozvoljene za primjenu. Cilj ovoga rada bio je utvrditi učinkovitost sedam insekticida registriranih za suzbijanje krumpirove zlatice u Republici Hrvatskoj. Utvrđivana je učinkovitost preporučene doze, pola doze i 1/5 preporučene doze. Krumpirove zlatice prikupljene su na sedam lokaliteta uzgojnog područja krumpira, a pokusi su provedeni po metodi umakanja listova u škropivo (IRAC No. 7). Ukupno je u istraživanju testirana 21 insekticidna varijanta. Rezultati su utvrdili malu učinkovitost klorpirifosa i cipermetrina te nepromijenjeno stanje rezistentnosti u odnosu na podatke od prije 30 godina. Na svim lokalitetima utvrđena je visoka rezistentnost krumpirove zlatice na lufenuron i metaflumizon, insekticide koji su se preporučivali kao alternativa klasičnim insekticidima. Na spinosad i tiakloprid utvrđena je zadovoljavajuća učinkovitost na pola istraživanih lokacija stoga se još uvijek mogu koristiti u programima zaštite uz redovito praćenje stanja rezistentnosti (tiakloprid do isteka dozvole za primjenu). Potrebno je redovito praćenje učinkovitosti insekticida korištenih u suzbijanju krumpirove zlatice jer se sukladno rezultatima ovog istraživanja očekuje povećanje rezistentnosti, kao i istraživati nove alternativne (i nekemijske) metode suzbijanja krumpirove zlatice.
- Published
- 2019
50. Fitotoksičnost kombinacija insekticidnih i fungicidnih pripravaka na ukrasnu vrstu Petunia sp
- Author
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Petra Cenko and Renata Bažok
- Subjects
phytotoxicity ,lcsh:Plant culture ,Biology ,fungicides ,Petunia sp ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,fitotoksičnost ,fungicidi ,insekticidi ,kombinacije sredstava za zaštitu bilja ,Ornamental plant ,lcsh:SB1-1110 ,lcsh:Agriculture (General) ,combination of plant protection products ,business.industry ,Pest control ,Pesticide ,lcsh:S1-972 ,insecticides ,Fungicide ,Horticulture ,chemistry ,Agronomy ,Azoxystrobin ,Abamectin ,Phytotoxicity ,business ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Abstract
U proizvodnji ukrasnoga bilja često postoji potreba kombiniranja sredstava za zaštitu bilja (SZB), radi istovremene zaštite od više štetnih organizama. Primjena kombinacija SZB često dovodi do fitotoksičnosti. Cilj rada bio je utvrditi fitotoksičnost kombinacija fungicida (azoksistrobin i ciprodinil + fludioksonil) s insekticidima na osnovi abamektina i tiometoksama na vrstu Petunia sp.. U kombinacijama su korištene preporučene i povišene doze (od 50 do 100% iznad preporučene). Temeljem oštećenja, izračunati su indeksi fitotoksičnosti. Biljke petunije osjetljive su na korištene pripravke i nakon primjene preporučenih doza. Kombinacije oba insekticida s fungicidom na osnovi ciprodinila i fludioksinila mogu se preporučiti u zaštiti petunije samo ako se primjenjuju preporučene doze. Sve kombinacije insekticida s fungicidom na osnovi azoksistrobina ne bi se smjele primjenjivati jer postoji ozbiljan rizik od pojave fitotoksičnosti., In the production of ornamental plants, it is often necessary to combine plant protection products (PPPs) for simultaneous pest control. The use of a combination of PPPs often leads to phytotoxicity. The aim of this study was to determine the phytotoxicity of the combination of fungicides (azoxystrobin and cyprodinil + fludioxonil) and insecticides based on abamectin and thiomethoxam on the ornamental plant Petunia sp. The PPPs are used at recommended and double doses. Based on the damage, phytotoxicity indices were calculated. Petunia plants are sensitive even when PPPs are used in recommended doses. Combinations of the both insecticides with the combined fungicide based on cyprodinil and fludioxinil can be advised to protect petunias only if one applies the recommended doses. All combinations of insecticides with a fungicide based on azoxystrobin should not be applied because there is a serious risk of phytotoxicity.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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