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4 ABSTRACT The aim of the diploma thesis is a professional analysis of characters from the book The Book of Ferda the Ant by Ondřej Sekora. The second goal is to create worksheets and activity proposals, usable in science lessons. Methodological manuals are also included. KEYWORDS insects (Insecta), communication types, Ondřej Sekora, worksheets for teaching entomology, activities for teaching entomology, key competencies, methods of active teaching

Recently, a species ofOrthoceratiumwas collected in Greece that differs morphologically from the European species commonly presumed to beOrthoceratiumlacustre(Scopoli, 1763). Verification of the identity of the Greek species through comparison with 460 specimens ofOrthoceratiumfrom 17 West Palaearctic and one Afrotropical country, and examination of existing type material, revealed that the species recognized asO.lacustrein northwestern Europe for over 250 years is actuallyO.sabulosum(Becker, 1907), the other known species in the genus, which was originally described from Tunisia. Although the types ofO.lacustrehave been lost, a comparison of the distribution ranges of both species in Europe provided evidence that the species collected in Greece is conspecific withO.lacustre. Both species have distinct distributions in the West Palaearctic, withO.lacustrelargely restricted to the northern border of the Mediterranean basin, andO.sabulosummore widespread, occurring in northwestern Europe, the western, southern, and eastern Mediterranean, the Middle East, and the Afrotropical Region (Tanzania). Both species are redescribed and fully illustrated, a neotype is designated forO.lacustreand a lectotype forO.sabulosum, and a key to males and females is provided. The misidentifications that lasted for over two centuries are explained by the omission by previous authors to study the type specimens, and inaccuracies in species descriptions and keys.

During the “Our Planet Reviewed” French Guiana 2014-2015 expedition, Diptera were collected in seven habitat types over an approximately 1 km2 area in the Mitaraka Mountains of southwestern French Guiana. Sixteen collecting methods were used, seven of which yielded multiple samples containing Dolichopodidae. The survey produced a total of 4918 specimens of Dolichopodidae, belonging to 244 morphospecies, 31 genera including four new ones, and 10 recognized subfamilies. This is the highest dolichopodid species richness thus far recorded from a single location anywhere in the world. Three taxa could be identified to species level and all represent first records for French Guiana. Paraclius Loew, 1864, Chrysotus Meigen, 1824 and Medetera Fischer von Waldheim, 1819 were the most speciose genera. Paraclius represented by 50 species, exhibited an unprecedented species richness, mainly in the palm swamps. The three most productive methods in terms of numbers of specimens collected (68% of all specimens obtained using the three methods combined), SLAM traps, sweep nets, and a 6 m long Malaise trap, each yielded between 78 and 90 species, with approximately half of the species from each trap type unique to that method. Both blue, white or yellow pan traps, on the contrary, captured less than 20 species, and overall yellow traps were clearly the least efficient. Pan trap yields, however, were severely affected by repeated heavy rainfall. The highest species richness was recorded around the drop zone and in the base camp, on river banks and in river bank forests, with 40 to 60% of species unique to one of these habitat types. Forty-five species were collected on ‘savanes roches’, and 14 species on inselbergs, with four species shared by both types of rocky outcrops and uniquely found on them.

This article introduces the biodiversity survey “Our Planet Reviewed” in the south of French Guiana organized in February–March and August 2015. It has enabled more than 50 scientists to inventory the following groups: Actinopterygii, Amphibia, Annelida, Arachnida, Insecta, Mollusca and Squamata, with a particular effort on diverse and little-known orders, such as Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera and Hymenoptera. The forested area under investigation presents a mosaic of hills and inselbergs, with a wide variety of ecosystems. The main objectives were to discover new species for science, report first records for French Guiana, and establish a baseline inventory for biogeographic studies. The organisation of the field trip and post-field phase are supported by coordinators of major taxonomic groups. Authorisations and associated commitments, including Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) are specified. The sampling effort, in terms of number and diversity of methods, is certainly the largest ever made in French Guiana over a short period of time. Thirteen different trap types were used including four types of interception traps and nine types of attraction-based traps. Active research methods (13 techniques) and extraction from the substrate (five techniques, including Winkler sieves, emergence from dead wood, etc.) completed the sampling array. The sample processing procedure describes the difference between active collecting and the longer and more complex process of processing massive samples of traps such as window pane flight intercept traps, Malaise traps, colored pan traps and automatic light traps. After a sorting phase that lasted less than a year for most groups, a network of 165 taxonomic experts was mobilized by the coordinators to study the sorted specimens. The data are stored and managed in an observations database and in the database of the collections of the Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (Paris). Data are widely disseminated, notably in France via the Inventaire national du Patrimoine naturel (INPN) and internationally by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). This introductory article will be supplemented by a second paper, which will analyse research results three years after the survey and assess the effectiveness of the expedition in advancing taxonomic knowledge.

Study of all flies (Diptera) collected for one year from a four-hectare (150 x 266 meter) patch of cloud forest at 1,600 meters above sea level at Zurquí de Moravia, San José Province, Costa Rica (hereafter referred to as Zurquí), revealed an astounding 4,332 species. This amounts to more than half the number of named species of flies for all of Central America. Specimens were collected with two Malaise traps running continuously and with a wide array of supplementary collecting methods for three days of each month. All morphospecies from all 73 families recorded were fully curated by technicians before submission to an international team of 59 taxonomic experts for identification. Overall, a Malaise trap on the forest edge captured 1,988 species or 51% of all collected dipteran taxa (other than of Phoridae, subsampled only from this and one other Malaise trap). A Malaise trap in the forest sampled 906 species. Of other sampling methods, the combination of four other Malaise traps and an intercept trap, aerial/hand collecting, 10 emergence traps, and four CDC light traps added the greatest number of species to our inventory. This complement of sampling methods was an effective combination for retrieving substantial numbers of species of Diptera. Comparison of select sampling methods (considering 3,487 species of non-phorid Diptera) provided further details regarding how many species were sampled by various methods. Comparison of species numbers from each of two permanent Malaise traps from Zurquí with those of single Malaise traps at each of Tapantí and Las Alturas, 40 and 180 km distant from Zurquí respectively, suggested significant species turnover. Comparison of the greater number of species collected in all traps from Zurquí did not markedly change the degree of similarity between the three sites, although the actual number of species shared did increase. Comparisons of the total number of named and unnamed species of Diptera from four hectares at Zurquí is equivalent to 51% of all flies named from Central America, greater than all the named fly fauna of Colombia, equivalent to 14% of named Neotropical species and equal to about 2.7% of all named Diptera worldwide. Clearly the number of species of Diptera in tropical regions has been severely underestimated and the actual number may surpass the number of species of Coleoptera. Various published extrapolations from limited data to estimate total numbers of species of larger taxonomic categories (e.g., Hexapoda, Arthropoda, Eukaryota, etc.) are highly questionable, and certainly will remain uncertain until we have more exhaustive surveys of all and diverse taxa (like Diptera) from multiple tropical sites. Morphological characterization of species in inventories provides identifications placed in the context of taxonomy, phylogeny, form, and ecology. DNA barcoding species is a valuable tool to estimate species numbers but used alone fails to provide a broader context for the species identified.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T15:56:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-12-01 Estimations of tropical insect diversity generally suffer from lack of known groups or faunas against which extrapolations can be made, and have seriously underestimated the diversity of some taxa. Here we report the intensive inventory of a four-hectare tropical cloud forest in Costa Rica for one year, which yielded 4332 species of Diptera, providing the first verifiable basis for diversity of a major group of insects at a single site in the tropics. In total 73 families were present, all of which were studied to the species level, providing potentially complete coverage of all families of the order likely to be present at the site. Even so, extrapolations based on our data indicate that with further sampling, the actual total for the site could be closer to 8000 species. Efforts to completely sample a site, although resource-intensive and time-consuming, are needed to better ground estimations of world biodiversity based on limited sampling. Entomology Section Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Boulevard Royal British Columbia Museum and the American Museum of Natural History, 691-8th Ave. SE Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Poole Agricultural Center Clemson University, 130 McGinty Court, E-143 Depto. de Biologia FFCLRP Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900 Great Lakes Forestry Centre Canadian Forest Service Natural Resources Canada, 1219 Queen St. E. Australian Museum, 1 William Street Department of Natural Resource Sciences McGill University Macdonald Campus Canadian National Collection of Insects Invertebrate Biodiversity Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, K.W. Neatby Building, 960 Carling Avenue Department of Biological Sciences Spaulding Hall University of New Hampshire Department of Biological Sciences Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy Instituto Federal do Triângulo Mineiro – Campus Uberaba. Rua João Batista Ribeiro 4000 Distrito Industrial II Departamento de Zoologia Universidade Federal do Paraná Jardim das Américas Mississippi Entomological Museum Mississippi State University, 100 Old Highway 12, P.O. Drawer 9775 Department of Biology Western Kentucky University Integrative Research Center Field Museum of Natural History Independent Investigator California State Collection of Arthropods, 2683 Tam O’ Shanter Dr., El Dorado Hills California Department of Food and Agriculture California State Collection of Arthropods, 3294 Meadowview Rd. The Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, 1900 Ben Franklin Parkway American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th St. Department of Entomology University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave. Zoological Museum Biodiversity Unit FI-20014 University of Turku Instituto de Ecología A.C. (INECOL) Red Ambiente y Sustentabilidad, Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, Col El Haya, Xalapa Station Linné, Ölands Skogsby 161 I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Bogdan Chmielnicki St. 15 Universidad de Panama Department of Natural History University Museum of Bergen University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7800 Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue School of Environmental Sciences University of Guelph Department of Entomology Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, MRC 169 Natural History Museum of Denmark, Universitetsparken 15 Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190 Systematic Entomology Laboratory USDA ARS c/o National Museum of Natural History, MRC-168, P.O. Box 37012 Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia CCEN Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Castelo Branco, s/n Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Kliniekstraat 25 Research Group Terrestrial Ecology (TEREC) Ghent University, K.L.Ledeganckstraat 35 Entomology Unit Royal Belgian Institute for Natural Sciences (RBINS), Vautierstraat 29 USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 1648 S. 7th Avenue Department of Biological Sciences Bishop’s University, 2600 College Street UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal; Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n Canadian National Collection of Insects & Canadian Food Inspection Agency OPL-Entomology, K.W. Neatby Bldg., C.E.F., 960 Carling Ave. Department of Biological Sciences University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW Finnish Museum of Natural History Zoology Unit University of Helsinki Washington State University, 2533 Inter Avenue Bohart Museum of Entomology University of California, One Shields Avenue Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio) UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal; Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n

The taxonomic composition of the subfamily Laccophilinae Gistel, 1848 in Belize is reviewed based on material collected by the authors during a field survey in 2015 and literature. In total eight species were collected belonging to two genera. Four species are recorded from Belize for the first time: Laccophilus duplex Sharp, 1882; L. fasciatus fasciatus Aubé, 1838; L. ovatus zapotecus Zimmermann, 1970 and L. spangleri Zimmermann, 1970. Diagnostic characters, notes on the ecology and distribution of all species are provided and illustrated.

A new species of the Copelatus erichsoni group is described. Copelatus yaguarete sp. nov. was collected from rock pools in the Cockscomb Basin Wildlife Sanctuary (CBWS) in Belize (Central America). The species is superficially similar to Copelatus terminalis Sharp, 1882 with respect to its coloration but is readily distinguished by both external characters and the male genitalia.

All Taxa Biodiversity Inventories or ATBI’s face considerable challenges, relat-ed to sample processing, specimen identification and research outputs. In thisrespect “Our Planet Reviewed French Guiana” 2014–2015 Expedition can beconsidered a real success. This survey was conducted in the Mitaraka Moun-tains (south-western French Guiana) in February–March and August 2015 andinvolved 50 researchers, including 28 entomologists. During the first fieldworkperiod, over 31 different collecting techniques were applied and 401 traps wereoperational in a perimeter of ca 1 km² around the base camp. A total of 223 in-vertebrate samples were gathered, split up into ca 30 dipteran fractions and ul-timately disseminated among 32 taxonomic specialists. Results on the Dipterafauna of Mitaraka are presented, with some families considerably exceedingthe species richness recorded during the ZADBI survey at Zurquí (Costa Rica).

Agabus didymus (Olivier, 1795) and A. dilatatus (Brullé, 1832) are newly recorded for Croatia. The new records are given and the ecology and overall distribution of both species is mapped and discussed. With the addition of these two species, the number of species of Dytiscidae known from Croatia increases to 122. Agabus didymus (Olivier, 1795) and A. dilatatus (Brullé, 1832) are newly recorded for Croatia. The new records are given and the ecology and overall distribution of both species is mapped and discussed. With the addition of these two species, the number of species of Dytiscidae known from Croatia increases to 122.

1. Red Lists assess the extinction risk of species and are an importanttool to prioritise species conservation and management measures. Worldwide,quantitative IUCN criteria are used to estimate the threat status ofspecies at the regional level.2. In Flanders (north Belgium), about 70 000 distribution records of ladybirdswere collected in 36% of all the grid cells (1 9 1 km2) since 1990 during alarge-scale citizen-science project.3. Applying the IUCN criteria to the 36 resident ‘conspicuous’ ladybirds inFlanders resulted in two Regionally Extinct species, three Endangered species andsix Vulnerable species. A further seven species were considered Near Threatenedand the remaining 15 species (39%) were assessed as Least Concern. Three specieswere classified as Data deficient. Using the Red List status, we delineated ladybirdhotspots that were mainly located in grid cells with large areas of Natura2000 sites.4. For calculating a distribution trend, we advocate the use of a high grid cellresolution (e.g. 1 9 1 km2 or 5 9 5 km2).5. The ladybird data set from Flanders provides evidence that IUCN RedList criteria can be applied to this charismatic, but relatively under-surveyedinsect group. For estimating the geographic range, the use of extent of occurrenceinstead of area of occupancy is advisable when the survey coverage is relativelylow. We discuss the opportunities of the availability of a ladybird RedList for regional conservation measures.

Dytiscus latissimus Linnaeus, 1758 and Graphoderus bilineatus (Degeer, 1774) are listed as appendix II and IV species of the EU Habitat Directive and the Natura 2000 network. The last confirmed records of D. latissimus and G. bilineatus are from respectively 1921 and 1948 and both species are now considered to be extinct in Belgium. Despite the attention that these two declining species get in Europe, there has never been an account of the known Belgian records and these species have no official status in Belgium. For this article, all the known Belgian records from collections, literature and fiches are compiled and mapped.

In this article Hydroporus scalesianus Stephens, 1828 is reported as new for Belgium. All records are summarised and mapped. Furthermore, the distribution and habitat are briefly discussed.

The water beetle Hydroporus ferrugineus Stephens, 1829 was recorded for the first time in Flanders and the Brussels region. This species was previously only known from the ‘Hautes Fagnes’ in the province of Liège, but there are recent records from the Brussels region and the provinces of Oost- Vlaanderen, Luxembourg and Hainaut. In this article, the recent Belgian records are summarized and the historic, recent and expected distribution in Belgium is described and discussed. Furthermore, the habitat of this species is discussed.

The ladybird Platynaspis luteorubra (GOEZE) was found at three locations on the motorway verges (9 sits) along the ring-road of Brussels. In Diegem-Zaventem, Groot-Bijgaarden and Machelen adults were collected with white pitfall traps. P. luteorubra preferred short grassland vegetation mowed twice a year and its occurrence and abundance correlated significantly with the presece and nest-density of the and Lasius niger whitch is known as one of its preferred hosts. This myrmecophilic ladybird, classified as a rare coccinellid in Belgium, is probably more common than assumed until now and should be searched for in similar habitats along other motorways.

An updated checklist of the water beetles of Montenegro (Coleoptera, Hydradephaga)

Herophydrus musicus (Klug, 1834) is the only species of the genus Herophydrus (Sharp, 1882) occurring on the European mainland and is districted to a few countries in the south. Here the first records of Croatia, Bulgaria and the Greek island of Peloponnese are presented. These new distribution records expand the known range of the species in Europe northwards. A map of its distribution in the Palearctic region and the north of Africa is given and the biogeographical history of the species in Europe is discussed.

In this article the first records of the water beetle Hydrovatus clypealis Sharp, 1876 for Belgium is presented and discussed. Additionally an update on the distribution of Hydrovatus cuspidatus (Kunze, 1818), an increasing species in Belgium, is provided. The characters by which to distinguish both species are mentioned and the distribution of these species in Belgium and Europe is mapped.SamenvattingIn dit artikel worden de eerste vondsten van Hydrovatus clypealis Sharp, 1876 voor België gemeld en besproken. Tevens wordt een update gegeven van de verspreiding van Hydrovatus cuspidatus (Kunze, 1818), een recent toenemende soort in België. De kenmerken waarmee beide soorten kunnen worden onderscheiden worden vermeld en de verspreiding van deze soorten in België en Europa is in kaart gebracht.RésuméDans cet article, la première observation du coléoptère aquatique Hydrovatus clypealis Sharp, 1876 pour la Belgique est présentée et discutée. En outre, une mise à jour de la distribution de Hydrovatus cuspidatus (Kunze, 1818), une espèce en expansion en Belgique, est fournie. Les caractères distinctifs de ces deux espèces et leur carte de répartition en Belgique et en Europe sont donnés.

During an eco-hydrological study on the aquatic habitats in the nature reserve ‘Ophovenerheide’ Dytiscus lapponicus Gyllenhall, 1808 was encountered in two small oligotrophic lakes. The species was only known from two populations in the province of Antwerpen. This new record also represents the Southernmost confirmed population of D. lapponicus in Europe, with exception of the population of D. lapponicus disjunctus in the Maritime Alps. In this article the distribution and the habitat in Belgium is discussed and the possible threats for the Belgian populations are given.

In this article we review the Burrowing Water Beetles (Coleoptera: Noteridae) from Belize based on recently collected material and literature records. In total nine species belonging to four genera are recorded from Belize. Six species, i.e. Hydrocanthus debilis Sharp, 1882, H. marmoratus Sharp, 1882, Mesonoterus leavicollis Sharp, 1882, Suphisellus insularis (Sharp, 1882), S. nigrinus (Aubé, 1838) and Notomicrus sharpi J. Balfour-Browne, 1939 are recorded from Belize for the first time. All species are briefly discussed and illustrated along with their male genitalia. Notes on the ecology are given for all species and their known distribution in Belize is mapped. Furthermore a key for identification of the species is provided.

Hydrovatus cuspidatus (Kunze, 1818) and Graptodytes bilineatus (Sturm, 1835) have always been very rare in Belgium, but recently, both species have known a rapid expansion. In this article, the distribution, trend and habitat in Belgium of both species are described and discussed.

Recent research (BERGSTEN et al., 2012) has shown that the former Suphrodytes dorsalis (Fabricius, 1787) actually contains two species. Re-examination of most Belgian material revealed that both species are present in Belgium. In this article, the distribution of Suphrodytes dorsalis (Fabricius, 1787) and Suphdrodytes figuratus (Gyllenhal, 1826) are mapped and discussed. Furthermore, the difference in habitat preference in Belgium is given.

Yola bicarinata (Latreille, 1804) is a West-Mediterranean species, which reaches its northern limit in the Netherlands. In 2010, this species was rediscovered in the Netherlands (VERDONSCHOT et al., 2011) and in 2011 a population of this species was found in the north of Belgium. Moreover, three additional observations were done in the Netherlands. All recent records are summarized and the history of the species in Belgium and the Netherlands is described. Furthermore, notes on the habitat and phenology of the species in Belgium are given.