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Transmitted by mosquitos, West Nile virus may cause serious illness, but the actual likelihood of infection is low. Prevention, implications, and recommendations for camps are discussed. Poison ivy identification, treatment, and complications are presented; a prevention quiz is included. Signs and symptoms of Lyme disease are described, as are tips to protect campers and remove ticks. (TD)

Presents an activity in which students grapple with the complex issues surrounding the use of DDT to control malaria which affects millions of people in developing nations. Considers risk/benefit analysis and the pre-cautionary principle, two techniques used when making policy decisions involving the impact of science and technology on society. (Contains 12 references.) (Author/ASK)

The dual purpose of this module is to introduce students (grades 10-11) to current/emerging environmental issues and to emphasize the moral/ethical decision-making related to these issues. The module is organized into 12 topic areas, each containing a dilemma story, introductory reading material, sample student responses, and questions. Dilemmas are essentially brief stories which pose a critical decision to be made by a main character. This decision revolves around conflicts between two or more moral/ethical issues (as identified by Kohlberg) presented in the situation, and it is the moral/ethical implication that provides the thrust for student discussions. Preceding each dilemma are relevant readings or case studies providing basic background information regarding the environmental issue presented in the dilemma. Questions and sample student responses (representing positions taken by typical students) serve to stimulate thinking about the issues and generate discussions. Issues examined include water shortage; world food supply; protecting access to sunlight for solar heating/power purposes; microwave; nuclear power; coal; DDT (an insecticide); waste disposal/hazardous chemicals; polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and hazardous materials; wastewater treatment; and overproduction. The module may be used as a separate unit of study, mini-course, or incorporated into civics, history, biology, chemistry, environmental science and earth science courses. (JN)

This manual presents a simple, step-by-step description of irrigated rice production in Sierra Leone. It is geared specifically to the role and needs of Peace Corps volunteers who, since the mid-1970s, have worked as agricultural extension agents in the Sierra Leone Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. The manual is designed to serve both as a training manual, complementing the curriculum taught during preservice training, and as a field guide that contains a ready source of technical information during the growing season. The 18 chapters in the manual cover the stages of rice plant growth, seed selection and preparation, land preparation, fertilizer, insect pest prevention, diseases of rice, weed control, harvesting, threshing, drying, and storage. References and a glossary complete the manual. (KC)

This manual, prepared for use by Peace Corps volunteers, provides background information and practical knowledge about crop production. The manual is designed to convey insights into basic crop production, principles, and practices. Primary emphasis is given to providing explanations and illustrations of soil, plant, and water relationships as they affect crop production. The content is presented in as nontechnical language as possible. Each of the seven units of the text are complete, substantially self-contained, and provide information, tables, and illustrations. The units cover the following topics: soils, plants, entomology, cereal crops, pulse crops, sugar and fiber crops, and oil crops. A glossary of terms used in agronomy completes the manual. (KC)

This individualized, self-paced course for training an entomology specialist was adapted from military curriculum materials for use in vocational and technical education. Completion of the course should provide students with basic information needed to accomplish the following duties of an entomology specialist: perform entomological work, apply toxic pesticides, perform control operations and preventive operations, operate and calibrate dispersal and safety equipment, maintain tools and equipment, and supervise entomology personnel. The document consists of a student workbook with objectives, assignments, review exercises and answers, volume review exercises, and a test. The workbook consists of six volumes. The first volume introduces pest management and safety, while the second contains information about pesticides and the environment and pesticide dispersal equipment. In the third volume, pests carried by domestic animals are discussed, while in the fourth household pests such as spiders and reptiles are examined. The final chapters provide information on the collection, identification, and control of economic pests (such as stored product pests, structural pests, and ornamental and turf pests) and vertebrate and vegetative pests (rodents, bats, birds, aquatic plants, grasses, and herbaceous broadleaf plants). The course in intended for use in a laboratory or on-the-job learning situation. (KC)

The proper use of agricultural pesticides is the major emphasis on the unit of instruction developed as a guide for use by teachers in planning and conducting young farmer and adult farmer classes. Seven lessons are included in the unit covering topical areas related to the utilization of pesticides, herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, and the development of a comprehensive pest control program. Suggestions for teaching the lessons and suggested materials are presented. Teaching forms and a unit evaluation questionnaire are presented. (VA)

This manual is intended to provide the information necessary to meet EPA standards for demonstration and research pest control and prepare for the written examination required for certification. Emphasis is placed on the principles of safe pesticide use. Chapters are included on pesticide applicator certification in Virginia, basics of pest management, EPA regulations, guidelines for minimizing pesticide pollution, agricultural spray adjuvants, variables affecting the efficacy of pesticides, soil application, basics of insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, rodenticides, avicides, and nematicides. (BB)

This guide gives information needed to meet Environmental Protection Agency standards on industrial and institutional pest control, and to help prepare for certification. It gives descriptions and pictures of general insect pests, parasitic pests of man, occasional invaders, wood-destroying pests, stored product pests, vertebrates, and weeds. The guide also gives tips for using pesticides safely. (BB)

This manual is designed by the Massachusetts Cooperative Extension Service as a guide for the control of the most common insects and related pests of vegetable crops grown commercially in Massachusetts. It contains general information on insects and specific descriptions of the major pests, their life cycles, and the damage they cause. The topics included describe: (1) Characteristics and development of insects; (2) Description and biology of major vegetable pests and damage they cause; (3) Pests of specific crops such as beans, cabbage, carrots, corn, lettuce, onions, peas, peppers, potatoes, spinach and tomatoes; (4) Toxicity of pesticides; and (5) The metric system and useful conversion factors for common measurement units. Application rates of active ingredients per acre for various concentrations of emulsifiables, wettables and dusts, and a list of pests in alphabetical order are presented at the end of this publication. (HM)

This plan of instruction, lesson plans, and student study guides and workbooks for a secondary-postsecondary level course for an entomology specialist are one of a number of military-developed curriculum packages selected for adaptation to vocational instruction and curriculum development in a civilian setting. The course includes training on procedures for insect and rodent control, collection and identification of specimens, determination of control measures, identification and use of treatment solutions, and operation and maintenance of insecticide dispersal equipment. Three blocks of instruction cover 155 hours: (1) Entomology Fundamentals, Pesticides, and Equipment (11 lessons, 49 hours); (2) Control of Medically Important Pests (9 lessons, 58 hours); and (3) Control of Economically Important Pests (7 lessons, 48 hours). A Specialty Training Standard for student evaluation is provided. The plan of instruction details the units of instruction, objectives, duration of lessons, and support materials needed. A study guide and a workbook are provided for each block. These materials contain objectives, reading assignments, and review exercises. Military manuals, commercial texts, and audiovisuals are recommended, but not provided. A pictorial reference ("Pictorial Keys") on insects is available from the National Center Clearinghouse--see availability statement. (YLB)

This competency-based curriculum unit on insects and diseases is one of four developed for classroom use in teaching the turf and lawn services area of horticulture. The five sections are each divided into teaching content (in a question-and-answer format) and student skills that outline steps and factors for consideration. Topics covered include root-feeding insects, shoot-feeding insects, and fungicides. A list of references precedes a section containing visual aids, student skill checklist, and student activities, such as handouts, discussion activities, field trips, crossword puzzles, hands-on experiences, worksheets, tests, and quizzes. Answer keys are provided. (KC)

This program has 10 units, each to be taught in 40-50 minute periods. Each unit includes a statement of purpose, concepts to be taught, a list of necessary materials, preparation, and graphics. Guidelines are provided for 10-15 minutes of introduction with classroom discussion, 15-20 minutes of activities and 5-10 minutes of wrap-up discussion. Recommendations for follow up activities are also included. A general introduction to insects can be found at the beginning of the curriculum. Detailed information on non-toxic pest control for some common pests has been included in the appendices. The five general insect graphics provided can be used throughout the project as visual aids and some suggestions for use have been included in specific units. Topics include: urban insects; live insects; chain of life; pesticides; media and insects; biting insects; kitchen insects; and pest management. Although the units have been developed to follow a sequence of concepts dealing primarily with non-toxic pest control, they can also be used separately as parts of any environmental or natural science curriculum. (MVL)

This reference manual for training Peace Corps agricultural development workers deals with crops. The document begins with common units of area, length, weight, volume, and conversions between them. A practice problem is worked and other conversion problems are given. The second section is intended to show agricultural field workers how to survey and interpret the important features of a local agricultural environment and the individual farm units that are part of the environment. Section 3 is a guide to troubleshooting common crop problems. Section 4 offers guidelines for vegetable growing. Section 5 is an introduction to insects and insect control. Section 6 discusses nonchemical pest controls. Using chemical insecticides is the subject of section 7. Section 8 covers disease control. Section 9 discusses nematodes. Section 10 deals with weed control. An annotated bibliography suggests four vegetable-related references to be ordered for each trainee and references on vegetables and field crops to be placed in a training center library. Included among those library references are 7 on vegetables, 20 on insects, diseases, weeds, and nematodes; 3 on soil management and fertilizer use; 2 on irrigation; 13 on field crop production; 3 on root and tuber crops; 1 on tropical agriculture; and 2 on agriculture extension. (CML)

This unit is a basic introduction to entomology. The instructor guide and the corresponding student reference contain seven lessons: (1) introduction to entomology; (2) insect collection; (3) insect identification; (4) methods of control; (5) chemical control measures; (6) safe use of insecticides; and (7) integrated pest management. Students learn basic concepts in this unit by applying them in a practical manner. Making an insect collection and completing an insect fact sheet enables students to compare insects. The instructor guide includes transparency masters, job sheets, activity sheets, work sheets, a butterfly model and Appendix A, information on calibrating sprayers. For ease of use, performance objectives and competencies are included at the beginning of the unit, as well as being incorporated within each lesson. Eighty-eight references are listed. A competency profile is provided for recordkeeping. A glossary of terms used in entomology and insect control is included in the student reference. (NLA)

This teacher's guide provides syllabi for a 3-year program for upper secondary agricultural programs in rural agricultural schools. Part 1 contains an introduction, recommendations for early morning practical classes, and suggestions for scheduling of theoretical classes. Part 2 consists of the syllabi. Each syllabus offers a content outline. The first-year syllabus covers these topics: agronomy and horticulture; agriculture biology; plant protection; farm mechanization; animal husbandry; farm management; English language; and mathematics. Content of the second year includes the following: agronomy and horticulture; plant protection; farm mechanization; animal husbandry; farm management; chemistry; English language; and mathematics. The third-year syllabus covers these topics: agronomy and horticulture; plant protection; animal husbandry; farm mechanization; farm management; student project; and English language. Notes on the English language content are provided. Part 3 contains sample modules that list course title, time allowance, course description and aims, objectives, activities, and evaluation. Nine modules are provided: manuring in crop production; methods of crop propagation; plant parts and their functions; amino acids and their relationship to proteins; control of weeds in crop production; factors of agricultural production; reading comprehension; indices; and simple farm tools. (YLB)

These student and instructor materials for a one-semester course intended for high school juniors and seniors teach the following 24 lessons: (1) the scope and development of greenhouse production; (2) the economic importance of greenhouse crops; (3) careers in greenhouse operation and management; (4) greenhouse parts, structures, and coverings; (5) greenhouse environmental control; (6) interior layout; (7) energy conservation; (8) plant parts, structures, and functions; (9) plant processes; (10) environmental effects on plant growth; (11) growth regulation; (12) floriculture plant identification; (13) sexual plant propagation; (14) asexual plant propagation; (15) growing media; (16) containers; (17) watering; (18) fertilizers and plant nutrition; (19) common greenhouse pests and diseases; (20) techniques and equipment used to apply pesticides; (21) pesticide safety; (22) marketing floricultural crops; (23) recordkeeping in greenhouse management; and (24) legal considerations. The instructor materials include 24 student objectives; 24 competencies; suggestions for motivating students; evaluation suggestions; 38 references; a competency profile on which to record student performance; transparency masters; job sheets; assignment sheets; and appendices that contain a production schedule for potted plant crops and crop culture sheets for nine common greenhouse crops (chrysanthemums, foliage plants, bedding plants, Easter lilies, tulips, geraniums, calceolaria, cineraria, and poinsettias). The student reference includes information sheets for the 24 lessons that contain text, line illustrations, diagrams, and references. The student reference concludes with a two-page glossary. (CML)

These resource papers encourage the student to discover for himself the contributions to a problem made through original literature. Since some of the papers are controversial or contradict other papers, the student will need to evaluate them to determine his position. It is hoped that these papers will also foster an appreciation of the work of the scientists involved. This document concentrates on insecticides: problems of their use, how people are investigating them, and suggestions for future courses of action. It begins with an overview of pesticides, their uses and effects. The next two articles present the case that man may sometimes create pests by altering the environment. The next several articles present the view that small amounts of pesticides may eventually be fatal to the population, indicate the potential danger of resistant prey to predators, and show how certain chemicals interact to increase danger to life. The next article examines some alternative methods for controlling insects, while the following article describes intensive work on one particular method of alternative control. The last article gives the results of a survey on how pesticides are stored in grocery stores. (LS)

This guide presents information on controlling insect pests of ornamental trees and shrubs. It is organized for easy reference by nurserymen, arborists, and others desirous of controlling insect damage. General information given includes notes on spraying and sprayers, insecticides, general purpose sprays, phytotoxicity, and health precautions. Common insect pests of ornamentals are described and control methods suggested. There is a listing of ornamentals common to the Indiana, Illinois, Kentucky, and Ohio area, along with their most frequent insect pests. A spray schedule is given and a dilution and conversion table included. (MA)

This fact sheet gives the acute oral and dermal toxicity (LD 50) of over 250 pesticides in lab animals. The chemicals are categorized as fungicides, herbicides, insecticides, or miscellaneous compounds. One or more trade names are given for each pesticide. In addition, a brief explanation of toxicity determination is given. (BB)

This publication is the course book for a correspondence course in pest control with the Pennsylvania State University. It contains basic information for agricultural producers on pest management and the proper and safe use of pesticides. The course consists of eleven lessons which can be completed at one's leisure. The first nine lessons contain information applicable to all states while the tenth lesson reviews federal and state pesticide laws, particularly those of Pennsylvania. The glossary is the eleventh lesson. The first nine lessons cover such topics as management of common insects and mites, weed control and herbicides, plant disease control, pesticides formulation and toxicity, and pesticide safety. The course book format is a text lesson followed by a series of questions to be completed from the text. Correct answers to the questions are included. This publication may be adaptable to the secondary school science or environment class. (MR)

Described in this manual is the use of insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides in forestry. Both diseases and insects found in hardwoods and conifers are covered. Detailed information is given on methods of herbicide application. Finally, five important environmental considerations are given. (BB)

This guide contains pest control information for commercial vegetable production. It was prepared for agricultural supply dealers, extension agents, fieldmen, and growers. It gives general precautions, information on seed treatment, growing disease-free seedlings and transplants, general soil insect control, general weed control, and spraying equipment. The guide also gives individual pest control suggestions for twenty-four crops. Finally, it contains application and formulation information for many herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides. (BB)

This manual gives descriptions and diagrams for identification of the following types of pests: four species of cockroach; ants; bees and wasps; parasitic pests of man such as bedbugs, fleas, and ticks; occasional invaders such as flies and millipedes; silverfish and firebrats; beetles; termites; moths; fungi; and vertebrates including rodents, birds, and bats. Finally, some methods of weed control are given. (BB)

Included in this training manual are descriptions and pictures of the following agricultural animal pests: mosquitoes, stable flies, horse flies and deer or yellow flies, house flies, horn flies, wound-infesting larvae, lice, mites, ticks, and bots and grubs. Information is given on the life-cycle and breeding habits of the pests. Methods of control are suggested for each type of pest. Finally, pesticide toxicity, residue potential, and hazards are discussed along with pesticide formulations, application techniques, and extent of treatment. (BB)

This manual gives general information on plant pests and pesticides. First, the life-cycle and habits of some common insect pests are given. These include caterpillars, beetles and beetle larvae, and sucking insects. Next, plant diseases such as leaf diseases, wilts, root and crown rots, stem cankers, fruit rots, seed and seedling diseases, and virus diseases, and nematode diseases are discussed. The control of weeds is also considered; this section includes perennial and biennial weeds, annual grasses, small-seeded broadleaf weeds, and large-seeded broadleaf weeds. Finally, pesticide formulation and application is discussed and a general description is given of some of the common bactericides, fungicides, nematicides, and herbicides. (BB)

This manual gives descriptions of and methods for control of diseases and insect pests of ornamental plants, weeds, and diseases and insect pests of turf plants. Included are diseases caused by fungi such as cankers, leaf galls, and rust; diseases caused by bacteria such as bacterial blight and crown gall; and diseases caused by nematodes and viruses. Also included are insects with sucking mouthparts such as aphids, lacebugs, and mealybugs; and insects with chewing mouthparts such as beetles and caterpillars. Ornamental and turf weeds are covered including both annuals and perennials. Eight kinds of turf diseases and nine kinds of turf insects are included. The manual concludes with a discussion of phytotoxicity, pesticide hazard to the environment, and safety tips. (BB)

This manual gives a definition of seed treatment, the types of seeds normally treated, diseases and insects commonly associated with seeds, fungicides and insecticides used, types of equipment used for seed treatment, and information on labeling and coloring of treated seed, pesticide carriers, binders, stickers, and safety precautions. (BB)

This manual describes the major forest types, the major species, seed orchards, and tree nurseries. Methods of identifying forest insect pests and diseases are given. The most common types of insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides are described. Both sprayer and granular applicator methods are discussed. Environmental considerations are presented. (BB)

This manual gives general control principles and specific information on control of mosquitoes, flies, bedbugs, fleas, lice, cockroaches, venomous arthropods, ticks and chiggers, and rodents. The specific information includes life-cycles and habitats, public health importance, non-chemical control, and control with pesticides. (BB)

This manual gives descriptions of and control methods for the imported fire ant, sweet potato pests, the white fringed beetle, the Japanese beetle, and phony peach disease. Toxicity, formulation, and application information is given for 2,4-D, methyl bromide, Chlordane, Mirex, and Mocap. Finally, environmental considerations and precautions are given for fumigants, organochlorines, organophosphates, and herbicides. (BB)

This manual gives the life cycle and habitats, public health importance, methods of non-chemical control, and pesticides and methods of application for mosquitoes, flies, bedbugs, fleas, lice, cockroaches, venomous anthropods, ticks and chiggers, and rodents. (BB)

This manual discusses pesticide safety and environmental considerations, pesticide toxicity, residue potential, pesticide formulations, and application techniques. In addition, descriptions of, and methods for controlling insects and related pests that attack cattle, sheep and goats, swine, horses and other equines, and poultry are given. These include mites, ticks, flies, lice, and vertebrate pests. A glossary of related terms is given. (BB)