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This paper investigates the relationship between CEO age and firm innovation measured as innovation productivity (i.e., the number of patent applications) and innovation scope (i.e., technological proximity). Using a sample of 8589 firm-years that eliminate differences in characteristics between firms with young CEOs versus old CEOs, listed in the Korean stock markets for the sample period of 2002–2016, we document that a firm's innovation productivity or innovation scope decreases in CEO age. We also report that younger CEOs in IT firms are more likely to participate in firm innovation than those in non-IT firms. Our main results are robust in Tobit, Poisson, and negative binomial regressions and in specification of CEO-fixed effect models. We also find same results in further analyses considering CEO tenure, firm age, and CEO overconfidence. Taken together, younger CEOs in IT firms may be more motivated to signal their innovativeness to the CEO market to be regarded as outstanding innovators or adventurous innovators, which supports managerial signaling hypothesis for young CEOs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to examine the innovation performance of G20 countries in 2018-2022 with multi criteria decision making methods. When the 5-year performance was analyzed, it was also revealed whether the COVID-19 outbreak has an impact on the innovation performance of the countries. Methodology: An integrated LOPCOW (Logarithmic Percentage Change-driven Objective Weighting) - MAIRCA (Multi Attribute Ideal-Real Comparative Analysis) method was applied in the study. First, the indicators representing innovation performance (institutions, human capital, and research, infrastructure, market sophistication, business sophistication, knowledge and technology outputs, creative outputs) was objectively weighted by the LOPCOW method. Then, the innovation performance of G20 countries was calculated with the MAIRCA method. Finally, a comparative analysis was also presented to support the findings. Findings: As a result of the innovation performance analysis using multi criteria decision making methods, human capital, and research were found to be the most important indicators, and the United States was found to be the country with the best innovation performance. In the sensitivity and comparative analysis, it was concluded that the integrated LOPCOW-MAIRCA method provides robust outputs. Originality: This study makes original contributions by analyzing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the innovation performance of countries considering the 2018-2022 period and the integrated multi criteria decision making methods it uses that have not yet been applied in the literature.

Purpose: In this study, it is aimed to rank the factors affecting the innovation productivity of enterprises. Methodology: The Pythagorean Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, which gives successful results in modelling uncertainty and uses Pythagorean fuzzy sets, is used to rank the factors affecting innovation productivity according to their importance. Findings: In the application part of study firstly, the factors affecting the innovation productivity were determined and as a result of expert evaluations, the steps of the method were applied and the factors were ranked according to their importance. Finally, the most important factors were determined by performing a sensitivity analysis. When the results obtained from the study are examined, it has been determined that the factor of preparing the technology roadmap affects the innovation productivity the most, while the sector and market structure affect the innovation productivity the least among the determined factors. Originality: It is the first study in the literature in which the factors affecting innovation productivity are determined and ranked according to their importance.

In this work, we investigate the impact of social brokerage on the innovation productivity of users in online innovation networks. Innovation in online networks is leveraged by coordinated interactions between the participating users. We leverage the data of users contributing on posts between 2017 and 2019 in two community question answering (CQA) forums: Stack Overflow and Math Stack Exchange. The innovation productivity of users in such online innovation networks, as valued by other participating users is quantified by the total score they received on their contributing posts. Users occupying brokerage positions are exposed to better ideas that boost the value of their contributing posts, thus improving their total score. Again, existing users with low social brokerage are also likely to gain from resource sharing owing to their denser networks. Our econometric analysis reveals that users in online innovation networks with very low or very high values of social brokerage receive higher scores as valued by other community users. Overall, we access the data of 537,938 users in Stack Overflow contributing on 6,002,996 questions, and 7,903,416 answers, and 20,393 users in the Math Stack Exchange contributing on 488,389 questions, and 638,110 answers. We observe a U‐shaped effect of the user's social brokerage on the user's innovation productivity. Our empirical findings have various implications for firms hosting online CQA forums. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the global economy increasingly dependent on innovation, urban discourse has shifted to consider what kinds of spatial designs may best nurture innovation. We examined the relationship between the built environment and the spatial heterogeneity of regional innovation productivity (RIP) using the example of China's Pearl River Delta (PRD). Based on a spatial database of 522 546 patent data from 2017, this study proposed an innovation-based built environment framework with the following five aspects: healthy environment, daily interaction, mixed land use, commuting convenience, and technology atmosphere. Combining negative binomial regression and Geodetector to examine the impact of the built environment on RIP, the results show that the spatial distribution of innovation productivity in the PRD region is extremely uneven. The negative binomial regression results show that the built environment has a significant impact on the spatial differentiation of RIP, and, specifically, that healthy environment, mixed land use, commuting convenience, and technology atmosphere all demonstrate significant positive impacts. Meanwhile, the Geodetector results show that the built environment factor impacts the spatial heterogeneity of RIP to varying degrees, with technology atmosphere demonstrating the greatest impact intensity. We conclude that as regional development discourse shifts focus to the knowledge and innovation economy, the innovation-oriented design and updating of built environments will become extremely important to policymakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the issue of IT productivity paradox and examines the influence of IT capital and IT institution on the national innovation productivity. Applying North's neo-institutional economics, Hayek's model of the mind, and Bandura's explanation of learning we try to understand this relationship through the cognitive path dependence model. We perform our analysis using a data set of 137 countries and apply Partial Least Square (PLS) technique of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM); our finding suggests existence of strong IT institutions as an essential step to capitalize IT investments to national innovation productivity. The IT institutions of the nation fully mediate the relationship between IT capital and national innovation productivity. The study demonstrates a cognitive perspective to the subject of IT & development and brings about policy recommendation for diverse national scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we apply a core/periphery framework to an intraorganizational context to study the interplay between formal and informal core/periphery structures. Specifically, we consider how core positions occupied by inventors in the corporate research and development division of a large multinational high-tech company affect their ability to generate incremental innovations. We theorize and empirically observe that formal and informal core positions have positive and independent effects on the generation of incremental innovations. These effects have a multiplicative impact on innovative productivity when inventors who are core in the informal knowledge-sharing network are also affiliated with a core organizational unit. We also observe, however, that the positive effect of being located at the core of both the informal and formal structures is negatively moderated by individuals' distribution of knowledge ties when these reach outside the core of their informal knowledge-sharing network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the innovation productivity of academic researchers across their career advancement. Taking patents and invention disclosures as indicators of innovation productivity and using survey data from a large German public research organization, researchers' productivity is examined during early career and early to mid-career across various dimensions, including years since employment, years since terminal degree and age. The extant literature has primarily focused on publishing productivity of researchers. Results show that early leadership position consistently enhances innovation productivity during the life cycle. However, the effects of the other dimensions differ somewhat. Interestingly, having a doctoral degree enables one to overcome the disadvantages of being a female researcher, and German citizen increases productivity for the overall sample and for early to mid-career researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article addresses the following question: How do family firms investing less in research and development (R&D) than nonfamily firms compete in R&D intensive industries? Using Japanese pharmaceutical industry data, we found that family firms produce more patents per R&D than nonfamily firms but are not biased toward low-value innovations. Further analyses of the distribution over innovation value suggested that family firms adopt a "contact-hitting R&D strategy," avoiding radical innovations and pursuing incremental innovations compatible with their signature moves: innovation through tradition and narrow and internal search and resulting in may low-value innovations and a few mid or high-value innovations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Research and development (R&D) is a critical factor in sustaining a firm's competitive advantage. Accurate measurement of R&D productivity and investigation of its influencing factors are of value for R&D productivity improvements. This study is divided into two sections. The first section outlines the innovation and commercialization stages of firm-level R&D activities. This section analyzes the productivity of each stage using a propensity score matching (PSM) and two-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) integrated model to solve the selection bias problem. Second, this study conducts a comparative analysis among subgroups categorized as labor unionized or non-labor unionized on productivity at each stage. We used Korea Innovation Survey (KIS) data for analysis using a sample of 400 Korean manufacturers. The key findings of this study include: (1) firm innovation and commercialization productivity are balanced and show relatively low innovation productivity; and (2) labor unions have a positive effect on commercialization productivity. Moreover, labor unions are an influential factor in determining manufacturing firms' commercialization productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Manuscript Type Empirical Research Question/Issue This study examines the direct effect of family ownership on innovation in emerging markets by using data from Indian family-controlled publicly listed firms as its sample. In particular, we study (1) the direct effects of family ownership on innovation and (2) the influences of business group affiliation on these family firms. Research Findings/Insights Using an unbalanced panel of 395 Bombay Stock Exchange ( BSE) listed Indian firms during the years 2001 and 2008, we found that the impact of family ownership on innovation productivity is positive (after controlling for possible endogeneity). We further emphasized the business group affiliation of family firms and distinguished between the innovation activities of group-affiliated and stand-alone family firms. We found that affiliating with top 50 business groups increases the innovation activities of these family firms. Theoretical/Academic Implications Theoretically, we complement agency theory by incorporating both the institutional perspective and the external resourcing perspective to provide a more robust framework for examining the impact of family ownership on innovation in emerging markets. Methodologically, we adopted a more rigorous econometrics method by providing a panel analysis that used a system GMM estimator and addressed the endogeneity issue thoroughly, which represented a significant improvement over the shortcomings of the methodologies found in the existing literature. Practitioner/Policy Implications Our findings suggest that the Indian government should provide support for affiliating family firms with business groups while improving policies on information disclosures; it should also establish a proper corporate governance mechanism for private and public family business. The findings further suggest that a corporate governance code should encourage family firms to have an independent professional CEO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]