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Adoptive cell therapy with autologous, ex vivo-expanded, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is being investigated for treatment of solid tumors and has shown robust responses in clinical trials. Based on the encouraging efficacy, tolerable safety profile, and advancements in a central manufacturing process, lifileucel is now the first US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved TIL cell therapy product. To this end, treatment management and delivery practice guidance is needed to ensure successful integration of this modality into clinical care. This review includes clinical and toxicity management guidelines pertaining to the TIL cell therapy regimen prepared by the TIL Working Group, composed of internationally recognized hematologists and oncologists with expertize in TIL cell therapy, and relates to patient care and operational aspects. Expert consensus recommendations for patient management, including patient eligibility, screening tests, and clinical and toxicity management with TIL cell therapy, including tumor tissue procurement surgery, non-myeloablative lymphodepletion, TIL infusion, and IL-2 administration, are discussed in the context of potential standard of care TIL use. These recommendations provide practical guidelines for optimal clinical management during administration of the TIL cell therapy regimen, and recognition of subsequent management of toxicities. These guidelines are focused on multidisciplinary teams of physicians, nurses, and stakeholders involved in the care of these patients.

Background: Prophylactic parenteral administration of antibiotics is strongly recommended to prevent surgical site infection (SSI). Cefoxitin is mainly administered intravenously in colorectal surgery. The current standard method for administering prophylactic antibiotics in adults is to administer a fixed dose quickly before skin incision. The percentage of time that the unbound concentration is maintained above the minimum inhibitory concentration (fT > MIC) during surgery is used as a surrogate measure for the effectiveness of prophylactic antibiotics. Target-controlled infusion (TCI) is a method of administration that changes the infusion rate to maintain a constant target concentration set by the user in consideration of the patient's physical characteristics. When cefoxitin is administered using the TCI method, it is possible that fT > MIC can be well maintained while reflecting the patient's physical characteristics compared to the standard method. Methods: This prospective, single-centre, parallel-arm, single-blinded, randomised controlled trial with a 1:1 allocation was designed to compare the effectiveness of the TCI method with that of the standard cefoxitin administration method. We shall enrol 2494 patients scheduled to undergo colon or rectal surgery. Prior to the procedure, we shall randomise each patient to the control group (standard administration method) or study group (TCI method). In the control group, 2 g of cefoxitin was dissolved in 100 ml of normal saline and administered for approximately 10 min. Redosing was performed every 2 h from the start of the first dose of cefoxitin. In the study group, 2 g of cefoxitin was dissolved in 50 ml of normal saline and administered using a commercialised TCI syringe pump until the end of surgery. It was administered at a target concentration of 80 μg/ml using the total concentration pharmacokinetic model of cefoxitin. In all groups, 2 g of cefoxitin was administered using the standard administration method 12 h after the end of surgery. The primary outcome will be the incidence of SSI. The secondary outcome will be the administered dose of cefoxitin. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative data were collected. Discussion: This study will provide evidence for the effectiveness of administering cefoxitin using the TCI method compared to the standard method. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05253339, Registered on February 23, 2022 {2a, 2b}. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to compare the mechanical properties of carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites produced using three popular technologies. The tests were performed on composites produced from prepregs in an autoclave, the next variant is composites produced using the infusion method, and the third variant concerns composites produced using the vacuum-assisted hand lay-up method. For each variant, flat plates with dimensions of 1000 mm × 1000 mm were produced while maintaining similar material properties and fabric arrangement configuration. Samples for testing were cut using a plotter in the 0° and 45° directions. Non-destructive tests (NDTs) were carried out using the active thermography method, demonstrating the correctness of the composites, i.e., the absence of structural defects for all variants. Static peel strength tests were carried out for samples with different directional orientations. The tests were carried out at temperatures of +25 °C and +80 °C. At room temperature, similar strengths were demonstrated, which for the 0° orientation were 619 MPa, 599 MPa and 536 MPa for the autoclave, vacuum and infusion variants, respectively. However, at a temperature of +80 °C, only the composite produced in the autoclave maintained the stability of its properties, showing a strength of 668 MPa. Meanwhile, in the case of the composite produced by the infusion method, a decrease in strength at an elevated temperature of 46.5% was demonstrated, while for the composite produced by the hand lay-up method, there was a decrease of 46.2%. For the last two variants, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis of epoxy resins constituting the composite matrices was carried out, showing a glass transition temperature value of 49.91 °C for the infusion variant and 56.07 °C for the vacuum variant. In the three-point static bending test, the highest strength was also demonstrated for the 0ᵒ orientation, and the bending strength was 1088 MPa for the autoclave variant, 634 MPa for the infusion variant and 547 MPa for the vacuum variant. The fatigue strength tests in tension at 80% of the static strength for the infusion variant showed an average fatigue life of 678.788 × 103 cycles for the autoclave variant, 176.620 × 103 cycles for the vacuum variant and 159.539 × 103 cycles for the infusion variant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• In vitro simulated digestion of sage tea did not alter its total polyphenol content. • Sage tea flavonoid and phenolic acid contents were moderately affected. • Antioxidant and antiglycant activities were preserved after in vitro digestion. • Xanthine oxidase inhibition capacity of sage tea was preserved. • Consumption of sage tea may play a protective role against oxidative stress. Sage (Salvia officinalis) is a medicinal plant commonly used in traditional medicine, particularly in the form of herbal tea. Sage tea is used, among others, in cases of dyspepsia, rheumatism, and excessive sweating and is known for its positive effects on oxidative stress. However, the impact of digestion on sage phenolic stability and antiglycoxidant properties is not known. This study aimed to assess the influence of the digestive process on phenolic contents, antiglycoxidant activities, and xanthine oxidase inhibition capacity using an in vitro simulated digestion model. Total polyphenol content was not altered by the digestion process, despite a moderate but significant decrease in total flavonoid and phenolic acid contents. HPLC analysis confirmed a significant drop in luteolin 7- O- glucuronide and rosmarinic acid contents (the main sage polyphenolic compounds) after the intestinal stage. However, simulated digestion did not generally alter antioxidant activities nor antiglycant activity and xanthine oxidase inhibition capacity. Consequently, the present study confirmed the potential bioaccessibility of sage tea polyphenolic compounds and suggested that sage tea could exert beneficial effects in view of its preserved antiglycoxidant properties after in vitro simulated digestion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acacia honey was infused with basil, oregano, marjoram, dill, garlic or cinnamon at infusion rates of 0–5% by mass for a 6 months period. After removal of the infusates, macro and micro element concentrations were measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined spectroscopically. The greatest release of elements, phenols and flavonoids, (% release/1% infusion rate) were for phenols (1.22–3.74, respectively), flavonoids (0.12–2.18), K (0.39–0.78), P (0.14–0.87), and S (0.07–0.85). The least release was for Ba (0.04–0.17), Fe (0.03–0.41) and B (− 0.006 to 2.33). Dill showed the most important effect on the Na concentration of honey enriched (at 5.00%) with > 90 times higher content (328 ± 4 mg/kg) compared to control honey (3.46 ± 0.07 mg/kg). Sr content was more than 50 times higher in honey enriched with marjoram (1383 ± 10 µg/kg), and honey enriched with dill showed more than 30 times higher Fe content (4112 ± 14 µg/kg). Enrichment with dill had the greatest effect on Ca, Cu, K, Mg, Na and Fe content of control honey, and garlic had the most important effect on the B, P, S, Zn, TP and TF content. Enrichment with these herbs and spices resulted in increases in element, total phenolic and flavonoid content of acacia honey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biostimulants--including botanical extracts--are natural preparations that have no negative effects on environmental health or populations and improve soil health and plant growth. Our objective was to evaluate the use of botanical extracts from two native species of the Patagonian Monte, an infusion of Larrea nitida (5%-L5 and 10%-L10) and a ferment of Grindelia chiloensis (5%-G5 and 10%-G10), on soil properties and the growth of a model plant (Triticum aestivum). While the 5% and 10% Grindelia ferments increased microbial respiration, soil N and C content, and biomass production, the 10% Larrea infusion inhibited microbial respiration and decreased total biomass. The Grindelia ferment has potential for use as a biostimulant in agroecological production, whereas the Larrea infusion does not show potential for such use. The inhibitory effect of phenolic compounds on microbial activity and plant growth should be addressed in future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modular infusion (MI) is utilized to eliminate dry spot defects within complex multi-architecture composites by segregating and controlling flow fronts in-process. Compaction, employed to arrest in-plane flow, results in a crimp witness, which can be eliminated through MI fiber bed normalization. However, the MI normalization techniques generate voids within the cured components. To study the mechanisms that control the MI fiber bed normalization process, an in-process X-ray computed tomography (XCT) approach is developed to provide a visualization of fiber bed thickness and void distribution. Inner bag regulation during normalization is identified as the primary cause of the void generation. C-scans on a cured panel corroborate XCT findings, as well as validating the quality of the panel produced for subsequent mechanical test samples. Hence, it is demonstrated that the approach enables the optimization of a MI manufacturing process, which is supported by the findings of the mechanical characterization campaign. Flexural tests were carried out in three and four-point bend testing using samples cut from the panel, with Digital Image Correlation (DIC) providing comparative measurements for a baseline and MI case. Flexural testing of MI samples showed that a comparable mean strength and stiffness to that of the baseline material was achieved, demonstrating complete restoration of material thickness and mechanical properties during the optimised MI process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the safety of repeated administration of a lyophilized canine‐specific albumin (CSA) product and to quantify its effect on serum albumin concentrations and colloid osmotic pressure (COP) in healthy dogs. Design: Prospective study. Setting: University research facility. Animals: Six healthy, adult, purpose‐bred Beagles. Interventions: Dogs received 1 g/kg of 16% CSA intravenously on days 1, 2, and 14 and were observed, with serial measurement of vital parameters during and for 2 hours after each infusion, to monitor for adverse events or evidence of a hypersensitivity reaction. Serum albumin concentration and COP were measured at predetermined time points before and after each infusion. Results: One dog experienced a single episode of vomiting approximately 1 hour after completion of the second infusion. No other adverse reactions were observed during the 28‐day study period. Serum albumin concentration was increased by a mean of 0.57 g/dL (5.7 g/L) (P = 0.003) when measured 2 hours after the first CSA infusion, and albumin concentration remained significantly higher than baseline at 24 hours after infusion, with a mean difference of 0.42 g/dL (4.2 g/dL) (P < 0.001). The second and third CSA infusions similarly increased serum albumin concentration at 2 hours (P = 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively) and 24 hours (P = 0.012 and P = 0.007, respectively) after infusion. COP increased by a mean of 2.03 mm Hg at 2 hours after the first infusion (P = 0.013) and remained significantly higher than baseline at 24 hours after infusion, with a mean difference of 1.52 mm Hg (P = 0.002). The second CSA infusion similarly increased COP at 2 hours (P < 0.001) and 24 hours (P = 0.017) after infusion. The third CSA infusion increased COP at 2 hours after infusion (P = 0.004) but did not achieve statistical significance at 24 hours after infusion (P = 0.053). Conclusions: A 1‐g/kg dose of lyophilized CSA was effective at increasing serum albumin concentration and COP. Repeated infusions of CSA appear safe in healthy dogs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Vet Indones. The Indonesian Veterinary Journal / Jurnal Acta Veterinaria Indonesiana is the property of IPB University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Esta investigación buscó obtener las condiciones ideales de secado de las delicadas y frágiles hojas de borraja, elaborar un filtrante y determinar el contenido poli fenólico total y la capacidad antioxidante en la infusión del filtrante. Para ello, se deshidrataron las hojas frescas de borraja. Se prepararon infusiones de hojas frescas enteras y cortadas, hojas secas enteras y molidas (filtrante). Todas las infusiones contenían el equivalente a 1 g hoja seca en 250 mL de infusión. La concentración de polifenoles totales se determinó con el reactivo de Folin Ciocalteau, expresando los resultados en equivalente de ácido gálico. La capacidad antioxidante se determinó mediante los métodos DPPH y ABTS expresando resultados en su equivalente Trolox. Los resultados de polifenoles totales en infusiones de hojas frescas (enteras y cortadas), secas enteras y en filtrante fueron 9,60, 28,08, 26,59 y 10,75 mg ácido gálico/g hoja seca, respectivamente. La capacidad antioxidante frente al radical DPPH fueron 19,27 (hoja fresca entera), 58,56 (hoja fresca en trozos o cortada), 39,06 (hoja seca entera) y 13,83 (filtrante) mg Trolox/g hoja seca. La capacidad antioxidante frente al radical ABTS fueron 13,85 (hoja fresca entera), 53,74 (hoja fresca en trozos o cortada), 55,37 (hoja seca entera) y 21,78 (filtrante) en mg Trolox/g hoja seca. El filtrante cumplió con la normativa microbiológica y recibió una valoración sensorial positiva, sugiriendo su viabilidad comercial. Se concluye que el filtrante de hojas secas molidas de borraja es una fuente accesible y manejable de antioxidantes, con potencial para su comercialización.

Schwann cells are essential for the maintenance and function of motor neurons, axonal networks, and the neuromuscular junction. In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, where motor neuron function is progressively lost, Schwann cell function may also be impaired. Recently, important signaling and potential trophic activities of Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles have been reported. This case report describes the treatment of a patient with advanced amyotrophic lateral sclerosis using serial intravenous infusions of allogeneic Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles, marking, to our knowledge, the first instance of such treatment. An 81-year-old male patient presented with a 1.5-year history of rapidly progressive amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. After initial diagnosis, the patient underwent a combination of generic riluzole, sodium phenylbutyrate for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and taurursodiol. The patient volunteered to participate in an FDA-approved single-patient expanded access treatment and received weekly intravenous infusions of allogeneic Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles to potentially restore impaired Schwann cell and motor neuron function. We confirmed that cultured Schwann cells obtained from the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patient via sural nerve biopsy appeared impaired (senescent) and that exposure of the patient’s Schwann cells to allogeneic Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles, cultured expanded from a cadaver donor improved their growth capacity in vitro. After a period of observation lasting 10 weeks, during which amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Functional Rating Scale-Revised and pulmonary function were regularly monitored, the patient received weekly consecutive infusions of 1.54 × 1012 (×2), and then consecutive infusions of 7.5 × 1012 (×6) allogeneic Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles diluted in 40 mL of Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline. None of the infusions were associated with adverse events such as infusion reactions (allergic or otherwise) or changes in vital signs. Clinical lab serum neurofilament and cytokine levels measured prior to each infusion varied somewhat without a clear trend. A more sensitive in-house assay suggested possible inflammasome activation during the disease course. A trend for clinical stabilization was observed during the infusion period. Our study provides a novel approach to address impaired Schwann cells and possibly motor neuron function in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis using allogeneic Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles. Initial findings suggest that this approach is safe.

Background: Connecting an infusion line to a closed stopcock results in pressurization of fluid within the syringe infusion pump assembly leading to flow irregularities when opening the stopcock and activating the pump. Aims: It was the purpose of this study to assess the extent of pressurization under different conditions and its impact on start‐up fluid delivery. Methods: Intraluminal pressures and start‐up fluid delivery at 1 mL/h flow rate were assessed with connection of the infusion line 1 min (delayed connection) or immediately after purging (immediate connection) using two different infusion lines made from polyvinylchloride (PVC) or polyethylene (PE). Results: Delayed connection resulted in an increase of intraluminal pressures from zero to 5.1 [4.5 to 5.7] mmHg with the PVC line and from zero to 47.1 [44.8 to 49.3] mmHg with the PE line (mean difference 42.0 [95% CI 39.3–44.7] mmHg; p <.0001). Immediate connection resulted in an increase of intraluminal pressures from zero to 44.3 [41.8–46.8] mmHg with the PVC line and from zero to 61.3 [57.2–65.4] mmHg with the PE line (mean difference 17.0 [95% CI 11.8–22.2] mmHg; p <.0001). The increase in intraluminal pressures was significantly higher with PE lines for both delayed and immediate connection when compared to the PVC lines (mean difference 29.5 [95% CI 19.3–39.7] mmHg; p <.0001). Related fluid volumes delivered at 10 s and 360 s after starting the pump ranged from −252% to 1321% (10 s) of expected infusion volumes and from 59% to 129% (360 s), respectively. Conclusions: Both, timing of infusion line connection after purging and infusion line characteristics considerably affect intraluminal pressures and start‐up fluid delivery when connecting a new syringe infusion pump assembly to a closed stopcock. Consecutive alterations in drug administration can have considerable hemodynamic consequences when dealing with catecholamine infusions in critically ill patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis (ABSA) targets sentiments on specific aspects in reviews, offering more granularity than overall sentiment analysis. Challenges in ABSA include handling implicit sentiments, varying expressions, linguistic nuances, and ensuring robust predictions across domains. Addressing these is crucial for extracting meaningful insights from customer reviews and enhancing products or services. Aiming at these concerns, this paper proposes an Enhanced Knowledge Infused Graph-Gated BERT (EKIG-GBERT) model for ABSA in customer-related program reviews. This innovative approach integrates a Dynamic Sentiment-specific Knowledge Graph (DSSKG) and Knowledge graph-enhanced BERT model with Gated Domain Graph Convolutional Network (KG-BERT-GDGCN) to capture intricate sentiment-aspect relationships. The methodology begins with data pre-processing, including tokenization and noise reduction, followed by domain-specific knowledge infusion via DSSKG. The approach leverages KG-BERT for advanced aspect extraction, enhancing the model's capacity to capture subtle emotional nuances in textual data. Aspect extraction is performed at multiple levels like term, category, implicit, entity, and attribute that leverages the KG-BERT model for comprehensive sentiment representation. Additionally, a structured graph seamlessly integrates affective information from DSSKG and KG-BERT, forming an affective adjacency matrix that encapsulates nuanced emotional connections among words in a sentence. The integrated sentiment prediction framework fuses features from DSSKG and KG-BERT using the GDGCN model. Processing through densely connected layers, dropout, and batch normalization ensures effective regularization, resulting in a robust model that leverages information from multiple sources for improved sentiment analysis. Experimental evaluations using four SemEval datasets (i.e., Rest14 task 4, Lap14 task 4, Res15 task 12, Res16 task 5) demonstrate that the EKIG-GBERT model significantly outperforms existing ABSA methods. The EKIG-GBERT model achieved an accuracy of 97.5% on the Rest14 task 4, 98.5% on Lap14 task 4, 94% on Res15 task 12, and 92% on Res16 task 5. Additionally, the confusion matrix analysis further confirmed its superior performance in distinguishing between various sentiment aspects. These results underscore the model's robustness and reliability in the ABSA prediction tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Tilia viridis (Bayer) Simonk. (Malvaceae) is widely distributed in Argentina and employed for its tranquilizing properties. Other species of the genus (Tilia europaea L., Tilia cordata Mill., Tilia platyphyllos Scop.) have been traditionally used for the treatment of epilepsy. Epilepsy affects approximately 65 million people worldwide and is characterized by an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory processes in the brain, leading to unpredictable, unprovoked, recurrent seizures. Current pharmacological interventions often present mild to moderately severe side effects. Epilepsy has been associated with oxidative and nitrative stress as well as neuroinflammation. Herbal medicine therapies may offer new treatment options with multi-target antioxidant and anticonvulsant effects for patients whose seizures remain uncontrolled, potentially providing cost-effective solutions for individuals worldwide suffering from uncontrolled epilepsy.The aim of this study was to demonstrate the anticonvulsant activity of a standardized T. viridis aqueous extract (TE).Methods: Study of the constituents of TE, TE’s antioxidant and anticonvulsant activities and toxicity, and analysis of the possible relation between the potential activities and the compounds present in the extract. In order to demonstrate TE’s anticonvulsant activity a zebrafish model was used. The study also assessed TE’s toxicity and antioxidant activity. To standardize the extract, total polyphenols and flavonoids were quantified and specific flavonoids were identified and quantified using HPLC-MS/MS and HPLC-UV.Results: TE exhibited anticonvulsant activity at low concentrations and demonstrated antioxidant effects by scavenging free radicals, exhibiting superoxide dismutase and peroxidase- like activities, as well as inhibiting lipoperoxidation. These actions can be attributed to the presence of polyphenols, particularly flavonoids.Conclusion: TE holds promise as a complementary herbal medicine in the treatment of epilepsy and may also offer benefits for other neuropathies associated with oxidative stress, such as Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease.

Background and purpose Methods Results Conclusions Levodopa–entacapone–carbidopa intestinal gel (LECIG) infusion is a recently developed device‐aided therapy for advanced Parkinson disease (PD) patients. The aim of this study was to report real‐world evidence about the effectiveness, tolerability, and safety of LECIG in PD patients.A multicenter observational retrospective study of the first patients who initiated LECIG in Spain was performed. All neurologists with an experience of at least two patients treated until 30 March 2024 were invited to participate. Data about effectiveness and safety from the medical records (V0, pre‐LECIG; V1, initiation of LECIG; V2, post‐LECIG follow‐up) with a total of 246 variables were collected.Seventy‐three PD patients (61.6% males, 70.1 ± 9.1 years old) from 21 Spanish centers with a mean disease duration of 14.4 ± 6.3 years (range = 5–31) were included. Twenty‐six patients (35.6%) were switched directly from levodopa–carbidopa intestinal gel. The mean exposure to LECIG was 177.3 ± 110.5 days (range = 7–476). The mean daily OFF time decreased from 5.2 ± 3 (pre‐LECIG) to 1.9 ± 1.8 (post‐LECIG; n = 66, p < 0.0001). Global improvement was observed in >85% of the patients. No significant change was detected in the levodopa equivalent daily dose from V0 to V2. Only 7% received 24‐h infusion, and 24.7% required more than one cartridge per day at V2. Thirty‐four patients (46.6%) had at least one adverse event related to LECIG and/or the device system. Five patients (6.8%) discontinued LECIG.LECIG was safe and effective in advanced PD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: Focused ultrasound (FUS) and microbubble (MB) exposure is a promising technique for targeted drug delivery to the brain; however, refinement of protocols suitable for large-volume treatments in a clinical setting remains underexplored. Methods: Here, the impacts of various sonication parameters on blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability enhancement and tissue damage were explored in rabbits using a clinical-prototype hemispherical phased array developed in-house, with real-time 3D MB cavitation imaging for exposure calibration. Initial experiments revealed that continuous manual agitation of MBs during infusion resulted in greater gadolinium (Gd) extravasation compared to gravity drip infusion. Subsequent experiments used low-dose MB infusion with continuous agitation and a low burst repetition frequency (0.2 Hz) to mimic conditions amenable to long-duration clinical treatments. Results: Key sonication parameters—target level (proportional to peak negative pressure), number of bursts, and burst length—significantly affected BBB permeability enhancement, with all parameters displaying a positive relationship with relative Gd contrast enhancement (p < 0.01). Even at high levels of BBB permeability enhancement, tissue damage was minimal, with low occurrences of hypointensities on T2*-weighted MRI. When accounting for relative Gd contrast enhancement, burst length had a significant impact on red blood cell extravasation detected in histological sections, with 1 ms bursts producing significantly greater levels compared to 10 ms bursts (p = 0.03), potentially due to the higher pressure levels required to generate equal levels of BBB permeability enhancement. Additionally, albumin and IgG extravasation correlated strongly with relative Gd contrast enhancement across sonication parameters, suggesting that protein extravasation can be predicted from non-invasive imaging. Conclusions: These findings contribute to the development of safer and more effective clinical protocols for FUS + MB exposure, potentially improving the efficacy of the approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new approach to an automatable fiber impregnation and consolidation process for the manufacturing of fiber-reinforced composite parts is presented in this article. Therefore, a vacuum chamber sealing machine classically used in food packaging is modified for this approach—Vacuum Chamber Infusion (VCI). Dry fiber placement (DFP) preforms, made from 30 k carbon fiber tape, with different layer amounts and fiber orientations, are infused with the VCI and with the state-of-the-art process—Vacuum Assisted Process (VAP)—as the reference. VCI uses a closed system that is evacuated once, while VAP uses a permanently evacuated open system. Since process management greatly influences material properties, the mechanical properties, void content, and fiber volume fraction (FVF) are analyzed. In addition, the study aims to identify how the complexity of a resin infusion process can be reduced, the automation potential can be increased, and the number of consumables can be reduced. Comparable material characteristics and a reduction in consumables, setup complexity, and manufacturing time by a factor of four could be approved for VCI. A void content of less than 2% is measured for both processes and an FVF of 39% for VCI and 45% for VAP is achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intravenous volume loading is a common treatment when hypovolemia is a potential cause of oliguria. We studied whether the effectiveness of Ringer's solution and 20% albumin in inducing diuresis differs depending on the mean arterial pressure (MAP). For this purpose, volume kinetic analysis was performed based on urine output and hemoglobin‐derived plasma dilution obtained during and after 136 infusions of Ringer and 85 infusions of 20% albumin. Covariance analysis quantified the diuretic response at different arterial pressures. The results show that the diuretic response to a known plasma volume expansion was greater for Ringer's solution above a MAP of 70 mmHg, while 20% albumin was significantly more effective at lower pressures (p < 0.03). Simulations of the urinary output in response to infusion of a predefined fluid volume yielded superior efficacy for 20% albumin when the MAP was low, while Ringer's was similarly effective when the MAP averaged 100 mmHg. In conclusion, urine output in response to plasma volume expansion with 20% albumin was similar to, or even stronger, than that of Ringer's solution when the MAP was below 70 mmHg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Target-controlled infusion (TCI) is a mature technology that enables the delivery of intravenous anaesthetics in the concentration domain. The accuracy of the pharmacologic models used by TCI systems is imperfect, especially regarding pharmacodynamic predictions. This shortcoming of TCI devices is not critical. That TCI systems produce steady-state effect-site concentrations at or near a specified target is a more important attribute than a high level of accuracy because anaesthesiologists titrate to a stable level of drug effect whatever the actual concentration is. In this sense, TCI functions as a 'gain switch'. Achieving a steady state is more important than perfect accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the impact of the vertical level of the stopcock connecting the infusion line to the central venous catheter on start-up fluid delivery in microinfusions. Start-up fluid delivery was measured under standardized conditions with the syringe outlet and liquid flow sensors positioned at heart level (0 cm) and exposed to a simulated CVP of 10 mmHg at a set flow rate of 1 ml/h. Flow and intraluminal pressures were measured with the infusion line connected to the stopcock primarily placed at vertical levels of 0 cm, + 30 cm and − 30 cm or primarily placed at 0 cm and secondarily, after connecting the infusion line, displaced to + 30 cm and − 30 cm. Start-up fluid delivery 10 s after opening the stopcock placed at zero level and after opening the stopcock primarily connected at zero level and secondary displaced to vertical levels of + 30 cm and – 30 cm were similar (− 10.52 [− 13.85 to − 7.19] µL; − 8.84 [− 12.34 to − 5.33] µL and − 11.19 [− 13.71 to − 8.67] µL (p = 0.469)). Fluid delivered at 360 s related to 65% (zero level), 71% (+ 30 cm) and 67% (− 30 cm) of calculated infusion volume (p = 0.395). Start-up fluid delivery with the stopcock primarily placed at + 30 cm and − 30 cm resulted in large anterograde and retrograde fluid volumes of 34.39 [33.43 to 35.34] µL and − 24.90 [− 27.79 to − 22.01] µL at 10 s, respectively (p < 0.0001). Fluid delivered with the stopcock primarily placed at + 30 cm and − 30 cm resulted in 140% and 35% of calculated volume at 360 s, respectively (p < 0.0001). Syringe infusion pumps should ideally be connected to the stopcock positioned at heart level in order to minimize the amounts of anterograde and retrograde fluid volumes after opening of the stopcock. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Continuous subcutaneous infusions (CSCIs) are indicated as an alternative therapy when the oral route is not viable. However, despite their widespread use in palliative care, the evidence for admixture compatibility remains a limitation. It is estimated that a significant number of admixtures used in practice are not supported by laboratory studies, which may lead to suboptimal clinical outcomes. The study aimed to determine the frequency of admixtures used in clinical practice without compatibility data generated by laboratory studies, and thereby identifying the most commonly prescribed admixtures that require laboratory data, which can help to guide the prioritization of future testing. Methods: This study was conducted across five palliative care services (three inpatients and two communities) in Victoria, Australia between May and July 2021. Electronic or paper medication charts of CSCIs were reviewed across all participating sites for all infusions administered. Data collected included medication combinations, dose, diluent, final volume, duration of infusion, reports of infusion-related reactions, and observed incompatibility. Key findings: A total of 616 infusions containing two to three medications were assessed. Only 60% of these infusions were validated by laboratory data. Eleven most commonly prescribed admixtures with no laboratory compatibility data were identified over the 3-month period. Conclusion: Laboratory testing for the identified admixtures should be advocated to promote the safe and effective use of these medications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Current Retina Journal / Güncel Retina Dergisi is the property of Anadolu Kitabevi Basim Yayim Medikal Turizm Kirtasiye Tic. Ltd. Sti. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Drug incompatibilities are among the most common medication errors in intensive care units. A precipitate can form and block the catheter or cause an adverse event in the patient. Intensive care units have implemented various strategies for limiting the occurrence of these incompatibilities, which have already been studied in vitro under standardized conditions. The objective of the present in vitro study was to continue these assessments by determining the impact of the infusion line geometry and the drugs' position in the infusion set-up on the prevention of vancomycin–piperacillin/tazobactam incompatibility. Methods: Infusion lines with a different common volume, a multilumen medical infusion device, a dilute vancomycin solution, and separate infusions of incompatible drugs were evaluated separately. The infusion line outlet was connected to a dynamic particle counter. Results: Reducing the common volume, using multilumen medical devices, or spacing out the two incompatible drugs on the infusion line did not prevent the occurrence of a significant particulate load. Only dilution of the vancomycin solution was associated with a significantly lower particulate load and the absence of drug incompatibility. Conclusions: Our results show that under specific conditions, it is possible to reduce particulate contamination considerably. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The distribution and elimination of infused crystalloid fluid is known to be affected by general anesthesia, but it is unclear whether changes differ depending on whether the patient is operated in the flat recumbent position, the Trendelenburg ("legs up") position, or the reverse Trendelenburg ("head up") position. Methods: Retrospective data on hemodilution and urine output obtained during and after infusion of 1–2 L of Ringer's solution over 30–60 min were collected from 61 patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia and 106 volunteers matched with respect to the infusion volume and infusion time. Parameters describing fluid distribution in the anesthetized and awake subjects were compared by population volume kinetic analysis. Results: General anesthesia decreased the rate constant for urine output by 79% (flat recumbent), 91% (legs up) and 91% (head up), suggesting that laparoscopic surgery per se intensified the already strong anesthesia‐induced fluid retention. General anesthesia also decreased the rate constant governing the return of the distributed fluid to the plasma by 32%, 15%, and 70%, respectively. These results agree with laboratory data showing a depressive effect of anesthetic drugs on lymphatic pumping, and further suggest that the "legs up" position facilitates lymphatic flow, whereas the "head up" position slows this flow. Both Trendelenburg positions increased swelling of the "third fluid space". Conclusions: General anesthesia caused retention of infused fluid with preferential distribution to the extravascular space. Both Trendelenburg positions had a modifying influence on the kinetic adaptations that agreed with the gravitational forces inflicted by tilting to body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The flora of Azerbaijan is represented by one species of the Macrosciadium genus: Macrosciadium alatum, belonging to the Apiaceae family. It is commonly found in the Greater and Lesser Caucasus regions of Azerbaijan, as part of subalpine meadow plant communities. M. alatum is characterized by its robust, thick, tuberous roots, long-petioled and several times pinnately divided leaves, numerous (30–50) white umbels, and oval-shaped fruits. The primary objective of this research is to determine the antimicrobial potential of the aqueous extract obtained from M. alatum against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The plant preparations utilized in in vitro experiments were in the form of maceration, infusion, and hydrodistillation as aqueous extracts. M. alatum extract exhibited maximum (measuring 22.3 ± 1.4 mm) inhibition zones against bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus, and Salmonella enteritidis) strains. Following exposure to the M. alatum plant extract, a significant reduction in bacterial cell cytoplasmic pH was observed (p≤0.04). In order to investigate the antimicrobial effects of the plant extract, commonly accepted procedures were followed using well-known bacterial strains, including S. aureus, B. cereus, E. coli, S. enteritis and P. aeruginosa, which are principal causative agents of purulent-inflammatory processes. The 20 % aqueous extract was used. The conducted experiment to determine the impact of the plant extract on microorganisms revealed that the extract significantly affects the bacterial cell membrane. Specifically, there is a decrease in pH, and hyperpolarization of the cell membrane occurs. The efficacy of the preservative effect is highly dependent on the environmental pH. 1. The 20 % aqueous extract from exhibited antimicrobial activity and effectively preventing the development of foodborne pathogens and putrefactive microorganisms. 2. A 20 % aqueous extract of M. alatum exhibits antimicrobial activity, effectively inhibiting the growth of foodborne pathogens and spoilage microorganisms. 3. Extract led to an increase in H+ concentration within bacterial cell cytoplasm, surpassing the OH− concentration. 4. M. alatum species has a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of microorganisms such as S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and S. enteritidis. The results suggest that the extract from M. alatum possesses antimicrobial properties, making it a potential candidate for use as a natural food preservative. The observed hyperpolarization of the cell membrane and pH reduction further support its potential as an effective antibacterial agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Agroindustrial Science is the property of Agroindustrial Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim. The aim of this study is to assess nurses' opinions on the usability, effectiveness, and benefits of midline catheters (MC) in nursing practice. Additionally, the study identifies nurses' subjective knowledge levels and training needs related to these catheters. Material and methods. A cross-sectional correlational study was conducted from 15th October to 15th November 2023, involving 127 nurses from various departments. Data were collected through an anonymous survey with 13 questions about opinions on MC, subjective knowledge, and sociodemographic metrics. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics. Results. Most nurses had experience with patients using midline catheters, and the average rating of opinions on MC was 4.44 on a Likert scale (1-5). The average subjective knowledge about MC was 4.26. A total of 88% of respondents desired future training on MC, and 72% wanted to learn how to insert these catheters. Nurses who attended training rated their preparedness to handle MCs higher. Conclusions. Midline catheters are well-regarded by nurses and integral to their practice. Regular training and support are essential for effectively implementing new medical technologies. Investing in medical staff education is crucial for improving healthcare quality and patient safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is intended to introduce nuclear medicine technologists (NMTs) to the nuances of radiopharmaceutical therapy clinical trials. Here, we outline the potential roles and responsibilities of the NMT in clinical trials and provide context on different aspects of radionuclide therapy. The regulatory process involving investigational therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals is seldom taught to NMT students, nor is it included in the entry-level nuclear medicine certification examinations. Often, NMTs must spend significant time preparing for therapeutic clinical trials on their own, using multiple academic sources, seeking advice from various health care professionals, and reviewing numerous trial-specific manuals to recognize the detailed requirements. The emergence of theranostics has spurred an increase in the development of therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals. Investigators with a robust nuclear medicine background are required to help develop successful therapeutic clinical trials, and well-informed NMTs are crucial to the success of such trials. This article follows a series of previous publications from the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Clinical Trials Network research series for technologists and is intended to guide the investigational radiopharmaceutical landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

N-chlorotaurine (NCT) is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent with outstanding tolerability, effective for topical and inhalation use. This paper presents the results of studies of single and repeated intravenous infusions of NCT to laboratory animals. The studies were conducted on female Wistar Han rats. The effect of NCT infusions on the general condition, behavioral reactions, main biochemical and hematological parameters, hemocoagulation system, cardiovascular system, and on the condition of the internal organs was studied. It was found that NCT infusions do not reveal deviations in the studied parameters that could indicate a toxic effect. The estimated LD50 is more than 80 mg/kg. In a subchronic experiment, a statistically significant decrease in cholesterol (by up to 11%), glucose (by up to 15%) and excess bases (up to four times) in the blood, and an increase in heart rate (by up to 31%) and frequency of defecations (by up to 35%), as well as pronounced antiplatelet effect, were found. In animals with simulated endotoxicosis, a decrease in the cytolysis and oxidative stress markers was observed. Such effects are caused by both chlorine-active compounds and taurine.The results obtained indicate broad prospects for the use of NCT solutions as an infusion detoxifying agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intravenous (IV) infusion is a pervasive medical intervention, administered to approximately 90% of hospitalized patients. Phlebitis, characterized by inflammation of the veins resulting from infusion, stands as a prevalent complication, ranking fourth among hospitalacquired infections globally. This research investigates the efficacy of a Smartphone Early Warning System (EWS) display in mitigating the incidence of phlebitis within the Safa treatment room at Aisyiyah Hospital. Employing a pre-experimental research design with a Static-group Comparison approach, 16 respondents were allocated to treatment and control groups. The Mann-Whitney Test, a statistical analysis, unveiled a significant difference (P Value = 0.001 < 0.05) in phlebitis incidence between the treatment group, utilizing the Smartphone EWS display, and the control group, which relied on conventional monitoring methods. Notably, the average rank of phlebitis incidence in the control group (21.12) exceeded that in the treatment group (9.78). This study sheds light on the potential of the Smartphone EWS display to curtail phlebitis during infusion, emphasizing its role in advancing nursing care quality through real-time monitoring and early prevention strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background Nigella sativa L., commonly known as black cumin, is a medicinal plant widely recognized for its therapeutic properties. However, limited pharmacological evidence supports its antidiarrheal potential when prepared as an infusion. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical composition and antidiarrheal efficacy of Nigella sativa infusion in mice. Methods A total of 30 mice were divided into five groups: negative control (Tween 80 [1%]), positive control (Loperamide HCl), and treatment groups receiving Nigella sativa infusion at concentrations of 25%, 50%, and 100%. Antidiarrheal activity was assessed using the intestinal protection method, with parameters including defecation frequency, stool consistency, diarrheal onset time, and diarrheal duration. Results Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and saponins in Nigella sativa infusion. The infusion demonstrated significant antidiarrheal activity across all tested concentrations (25%–100%), with the 50% concentration showing the highest efficacy, comparable to Loperamide in reducing defecation frequency, improving stool consistency, delaying diarrheal onset, and shortening diarrheal duration. Conclusion Nigella sativa infusion at 50% concentration exhibits promising antidiarrheal potential and warrants further development as a herbal remedy.

Modular infusion (MI) is utilized to eliminate dry spot defects within complex multi-architecture composites by segregating and controlling flow fronts in-process. Compaction, employed to arrest in-plane flow, results in a crimp witness, which can be eliminated through MI fiber bed normalization. However, the MI normalization techniques generate voids within the cured components. To study the mechanisms that control the MI fiber bed normalization process, an in-process X-ray computed tomography (XCT) approach is developed to provide a visualization of fiber bed thickness and void distribution. Inner bag regulation during normalization is identified as the primary cause of the void generation. C-scans on a cured panel corroborate XCT findings, as well as validating the quality of the panel produced for subsequent mechanical test samples. Hence, it is demonstrated that the approach enables the optimization of a MI manufacturing process, which is supported by the findings of the mechanical characterization campaign. Flexural tests were carried out in three and four-point bend testing using samples cut from the panel, with Digital Image Correlation (DIC) providing comparative measurements for a baseline and MI case. Flexural testing of MI samples showed that a comparable mean strength and stiffness to that of the baseline material was achieved, demonstrating complete restoration of material thickness and mechanical properties during the optimised MI process.

Background and aim: Tradescantia spathacea (T. spathacea) is a traditional medicinal plant from Central America and its tea, obtained by infusion, has been recognized as a functional food. The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of dry tea containing biocompounds from T. spathacea tea on motor and emotional behavior, as well as tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned rats. Experimental procedure: Bioactives were identified by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) and an in vivo study in male Wistar rats was run as proof of concept of neuroprotective effects of DTTS. Results and conclusion: We found 15 biocompounds that had not been previously reported in T. spathacea: the UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS allowed identification five phenolic acids, one coumarin, two flavonoids, one iridoid, one phenylpropanoid glycoside, and six fatty acid derivatives. The dry tea of T. spathacea (DTTS) presented significant antioxidant activity and high contents of phenolic compounds and flavonoids. Doses of 10, 30, and 100 mg/kg of DTTS were protective against dopaminergic neurodegeneration and exhibited modulatory action on the astrocyte-mediated neuroinflammatory response. Behavioral tests showed that 30 mg/kg of DTTS counteracted motor impairment, while 100 mg/kg produced an anxiolytic effect. The DTTS could be, therefore, a promising strategy for the management of Parkinson's disease.

Abstract Background Ketamine is recognized as an alternative for pain management; however, concerns about emergent adverse reactions have limited its widespread adoption. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of a short infusion of low-dose ketamine (LDK) compared to intravenous morphine (MOR) as adjunctive analgesia for acute long bone fracture pain. Methods This single-blinded, randomized controlled trial was conducted in a single emergency department. Patients with acute long bone fractures and numerical rating scale (NRS) pain scores ≥ 6 following an initial dose of intravenous morphine were assigned to receive either a LDK (0.3 mg/kg) over 15 min or intravenous MOR at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg administered over 5 min. Throughout a 120-min observation period, patients were regularly evaluated for pain level (0–10), side effects, and the need for additional rescue analgesia. Results A total of 58 subjects participated, with 27 in the MOR group and 31 in the LDK group. Demographic variables and baseline NRS scores were comparable between the MOR (8.3 ± 1.3) and LDK (8.9 ± 1.2) groups. At 30 min, the LDK group showed a significantly greater mean reduction in NRS scores (3.1 ± 2.03) compared to the MOR group (1.8 ± 1.59) (p = 0.009). Similarly, at 60 min, there were significant differences in mean NRS score reductions (LDK 3.5 ± 2.17; MOR mean reduction = 2.4, ± 1.84) with a p-value of 0.04. No significant differences were observed at other time intervals. The incidence of dizziness was higher in the LDK group at 19.4% (p = 0.026). Conclusion Short infusion low-dose ketamine, as an adjunct to morphine, is effective in reducing pain during the initial 30 to 60 min and demonstrated comparability to intravenous morphine alone in reducing pain over the subsequent 60 min for acute long bone fractures. However, it was associated with a higher incidence of dizziness. Trial registration NMRR17318438970 (2 May 2018; www.nmrr.gov.my ).

The infusion of Santolina impressa, an endemic Portuguese plant, is traditionally used to treat various infections and disorders. This study aimed to assess its chemical profile by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn and validate its anti-inflammatory potential. In addition, the antioxidant capacity and effects on wound healing, lipogenesis, melanogenesis, and cellular senescence, all processes in which a dysregulated inflammatory response plays a pivotal role, were unveiled. The anti-inflammatory potential was assessed in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages, cell migration was determined using a scratch wound assay, lipogenesis was assessed on T0901317-stimulated keratinocytes and melanogenesis on 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX)-activated melanocytes. Etoposide was used to induce senescence in fibroblasts. Our results point out a chemical composition predominantly characterized by dicaffeoylquinic acids and low amounts of flavonols. Regarding the infusion's bioactive potential, an anti-inflammatory effect was evident through a decrease in nitric oxide production and inducible nitric oxide synthase and pro-interleukin-1β protein levels. Moreover, a decrease in fibroblast migration was observed, as well as an inhibition in both intracellular lipid accumulation and melanogenesis. Furthermore, the infusion decreased senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity, γH2AX nuclear accumulation and both p53 and p21 protein levels. Overall, this study confirms the traditional uses of S. impressa and ascribes additional properties of interest in the pharmaceutical and dermocosmetics industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cinnamomum verum (kayu manis) is an herb that possesses antidiabetic properties and has been used for the treatment of diabetes traditionally. However, there is insufficient scientific data to provide optimum extraction parameters for C. verum leaves for antidiabetic activities. This research aims to determine the optimum extraction parameters of C. verum leaves towards α-glucosidase inhibition and evaluate the correlation between α-glucosidase inhibition, total phenolic content and DPPH radical scavenging activity. The C. verum was extracted with water through an infusion method under different temperatures (60.0°C, 77.5°C, 95.0°C) and extraction time lengths (10 minutes, 20 minutes, 30 minutes). The optimization process was designed using Design Expert software, which applied the Response Surface Method (RSM) and Central Composite Design (CCD). The analyses conducted were antidiabetic property (α-glucosidase inhibition assay), total phenolic content (TPC) (Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric method) and antioxidant property (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH radical scavenging activity). Results showed that the obtained optimum extraction parameters for C. verum leaves (81.10°C, 19.54 minutes) exhibited α-glucosidase inhibition (87.30±0.67%), total phenolic content (0.12±0.00 mg GAE/g) and DPPH radical scavenging activity (51.25±0.48%). The α-glucosidase inhibition positively correlates with DPPH radical scavenging activity and total phenolic content. These findings have provided a positive relationship between extraction temperature and extraction time length on antidiabetic properties of C. verum leaf extract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rotor blades of wind turbines are becoming increasingly longer, which increases the diameter at the blade connection. Transport problems are the result, as the rotor blades no longer fit under highway bridges, for example. The increase in diameter can be prevented by increasing the bearing strength of the laminate using fiber metal laminates (FMLs). Individual layers of fiber material are replaced by metal foils in FMLs. This work is focused on the infusion of thick-walled FMLs, with infiltration experiments being carried out in-plane and out-of-plane. For the out-of-plane infusion tests, the metal foils are perforated and it is investigated whether the holes should be arranged alternately or aligned in the metal foils. It has been shown that greater laminate thicknesses can be realized with aligned holes. For the determination of voids and dry-spots, the metal foils are treated with a release agent before infusion and after curing the laminate can be demolded ply by ply. The samples made of glass fiber-reinforced plastic (GFRP) and steel/aluminum measure 500 mm by 800 mm by 20 mm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phenol–formaldehyde (phenolic) thermosets are known for excellent heat and chemical resistance, high flame retardance, and good mechanical performance. However, phenolics are also known for their high brittleness, and tendency to form voids, due to a condensation reaction forming water during curing. These voids can decrease the mechanical performance of the resultant phenolic composite and introduce undesirable performance characteristics. This work aims to develop a technique that uses high‐pressure infiltration to obtain dense phenolic matrix composites, with commercially available resin and fiber reinforcement. The high‐pressure system developed in this work is compared to a conventional low‐pressure resin infusion technique, and the porosity after each infusion is analyzed. A model of the low‐ and high‐pressure systems was developed, and the predicted time of infiltration was compared to the experimental results. The high‐pressure system had 97% less open porosity after infusion than the low‐pressure technique, suggesting that it can produce a higher‐quality and better‐performing phenolic composite than conventional techniques. Also, the mechanical test performed indicates improved performance for the high‐pressure injection with a 30.73% increase in ultimate tensile strength in comparison to low pressure, indicating better mechanical performance. © 2024 Society of Industrial Chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acibadem Saglik Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Acibadem University Medical School and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Elastomeric infusion devices or 'Infusors' are commonly used to administer 24‐h continuous intravenous infusions to hospital patients at home, a service which can increase hospital capacity. Aim: This study sought to determine Infusor efficiency by measuring infusion lengths administered by Infusors to patients in the community setting and reviewing any impacting factors on varying infusion rates, if observed. Method: Patients and nurses completed data collection forms daily over a 12‐month period. The following information was recorded: time Infusor attached to patient, time Infusor emptied, Infusor 'empty' or 'not empty' when removed, volume of antibiotic solution remaining, Infusor storage details, antibiotic solution and dose, indication for treatment, and date (season). Statistical analyses was conducted using Stata. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, including median and range for continuous variables, and frequency counts and percentages for categorical variables. Ethical approval was granted by Northern Sydney Local Health District (NSLHD) Research Office (Reference no: RESP/14/184), the Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC) (Reference no: LNR/14/HAWKE/265) and the study conforms to the Australian National Statement on Ethical Conduct in Human Research. Informed consent was obtained from all participants via a study information leaflet that was provided with the patient questionnaire and patients were informed that their participation in the study was optional. Patients indicated their consent by completing the data collection form for each day of treatment. Results: A significant number of Infusors (27%) emptied outside the expected infusion duration of 24 h ± 10% (21.6–26.4 h) and Infusors were removed 'not empty' when the nurse visited >24 h on 35% of occasions. Infusors were more likely to empty >24 h if they contained piperacillin‐tazobactam 13.5 g (predicted probability = 1.0), in winter (predicted probability = 0.83), and in cooler overnight storage locations (predicted probability = 0.64). Infusors were more likely to empty <24 h if they contained vancomycin (predicted probability = 0.12). Conclusion: Infusors delivering 24‐h continuous intravenous infusions in the home setting may empty at unpredictable times and may be affected by temperature or solutions with varying doses. Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy clinicians should be aware of possible unfinished infusions from Infusors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Adults with cancer experience a significantly higher level of anxiety compared with the general population. Anxiety is reported at diagnosis and throughout the cancer trajectory, and it is particularly heightened at the initiation of infusion treatments. In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated anxiety levels in patients receiving cancer treatments. OBJECTIVES: This evidence-based practice project evaluated the feasibility and effectiveness of using medical-grade weighted blankets to reduce anxiety in patients with cancer receiving the first two infusion treatments in the ambulatory setting. METHODS: Patients completed a modified version of the Visual Analog Scale for Anxiety to self-report anxiety pre- and postimplementation. Patients and nurses completed feasibility surveys. FINDINGS: Patients reported reduced anxiety after using a weighted blanket and described weighted blankets as comforting and soothing. More than 90% of surveyed patients agreed or strongly agreed that the blanket was comfortable, not too heavy, and easy to put on, and did not interfere with nursing care or their own activities. Nurses valued the ease of use and adherence to infection control standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Doxorubicin is a widely used chemotherapeutic drug that can be administered intravenously as both a bolus infusion and a continuous infusion. The latter is believed to lower the risk of cardiotoxicity, which is a critical long-term complication of doxorubicin treatment. The local tissue concentrations of doxorubicin will be reflected in both treatment efficacy and toxicity, but very limited information is available. The aim of this study was to measure the concentration of doxorubicin after continuous and bolus infusion in tissue compartments around a typical location of a bone tumour. Methods: Sixteen pigs (female, Danish Landrace, mean weight 77 kg) were randomized into two groups of eight. Both groups received an intravenous infusion of 150 mg doxorubicin; Group 1 received a bolus infusion (10–15 min) and Group 2 received a continuous infusion (6 h). Before infusion, microdialysis catheters were placed intravenously and in four bone tumour-relevant tissue compartments (cancellous bone, subcutaneous tissue, synovial fluid of the knee joint and muscle tissue). Sampling was done (n = 15) over 24 h, and venous blood samples were collected as a reference. Results: Area under the concentration–time curve (AUC0–24 h) for plasma (total concentration) was significantly different between the two groups, while peak drug concentration (Cmax) was significantly higher in two compartments (plasma and synovial fluid of the knee joint) in Group 1 compared to Group 2. Overall, the unbound tissue concentrations were extremely low with values below 0.20 µg/mL. Conclusion: The pharmacokinetic profile for doxorubicin in the investigated tissues is very similar when comparing bolus and 6 h continuous infusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia / Journal Canadien d'Anesthésie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aromatic, flavorful, and fragrant qualities of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) make it a valuable herb for culinary and medical uses. This study investigated the sensory quality of C. citratus and its richness in chemical compounds. The sensory tests were realized on the infusion of the plant and compared to 4 Teas among a group of participants. Further, total polyphenol, flavonoid, and tannin contents, and antioxidant activity were evaluated in the infusions of tested products. The primary metabolites in the dry matter of the plant were also measured. Before beginning, each participant was required to read and fill out an informed permission form by the national legislation and the Declaration of Helsinki's Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects. Participants were aged between 20 and 60 years old with dominance of 20-39 years old (80%). Moreover, 60% of participants were women compared to 40% of men. Half the participants drink aromatized tea, mainly menthe. The infusion of C. citratus had the highest rating, calculated at 9.33±0.62 compared to the other aromas. The infusion of C. citratus was distinguished by its strong flavour and order, as well as its pleasant aroma, flavor, and aftertaste. The values of TPC, TFC, and tannin were 0.463 mg eq Q/g dry matter, 0.033 mg eq Q/g dry matter, and 21.96 mg eq AT /g dry matter, respectively. The antioxidant activity was 98.07%. The total sugar was the most dominant in the infusion of the plant with 0.376 g per g of dry matter of C. citratus, followed by lipids with 0.106 g per g of dry matter. This study presents new data on the nutritional value of C. citratus in Morocco and is suggested to be a reference for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ketamine is recognized as an alternative for pain management; however, concerns about emergent adverse reactions have limited its widespread adoption. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of a short infusion of low-dose ketamine (LDK) compared to intravenous morphine (MOR) as adjunctive analgesia for acute long bone fracture pain. Methods: This single-blinded, randomized controlled trial was conducted in a single emergency department. Patients with acute long bone fractures and numerical rating scale (NRS) pain scores ≥ 6 following an initial dose of intravenous morphine were assigned to receive either a LDK (0.3 mg/kg) over 15 min or intravenous MOR at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg administered over 5 min. Throughout a 120-min observation period, patients were regularly evaluated for pain level (0–10), side effects, and the need for additional rescue analgesia. Results: A total of 58 subjects participated, with 27 in the MOR group and 31 in the LDK group. Demographic variables and baseline NRS scores were comparable between the MOR (8.3 ± 1.3) and LDK (8.9 ± 1.2) groups. At 30 min, the LDK group showed a significantly greater mean reduction in NRS scores (3.1 ± 2.03) compared to the MOR group (1.8 ± 1.59) (p = 0.009). Similarly, at 60 min, there were significant differences in mean NRS score reductions (LDK 3.5 ± 2.17; MOR mean reduction = 2.4, ± 1.84) with a p-value of 0.04. No significant differences were observed at other time intervals. The incidence of dizziness was higher in the LDK group at 19.4% (p = 0.026). Conclusion: Short infusion low-dose ketamine, as an adjunct to morphine, is effective in reducing pain during the initial 30 to 60 min and demonstrated comparability to intravenous morphine alone in reducing pain over the subsequent 60 min for acute long bone fractures. However, it was associated with a higher incidence of dizziness. Trial registration: NMRR17318438970 (2 May 2018;www.nmrr.gov.my). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]