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Objective: Learning about clinical trials is as stressful and challenging for cancer patients as it is for the clinical staff who provide education to patients. Information aids (IAs) can support both discussions and patients' decision-making, especially when IAs offer interactive features that provide information based on individuals' needs and experiences. However, it is not clear which factors contribute to interactive IAs' effectiveness.Methods: An experiment with cancer patients and survivors (n = 313) compared the effects of two IAs about clinical trial participation: one with modality (i.e. website/technological) interactivity only and one with both modality and message interactivity (i.e. provides information contingent on individual users' information needs).Results: The IA with both modality and message interactivity features elicited the higher perceived visual informativeness (PVI) and cognitive absorption (CA) scores. The model supports the moderating role of PVI and cancer information overload (CIO), and the mediating role of CA.Conclusion: The IA with both modality and message interactivity better supported individuals' decision-making and improved attitudes and knowledge scores. CIO was experienced more by participants using the modality interactivity-only IA.Practice Implications: Message interactivity may simplify individuals' cognitive processes. IAs about clinical trial participation should include both message and modality interactivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Without explicit prognostic information, patients may overestimate their life expectancy and make poor choices at the end of life. We sought to design the Japanese version of an information aid (IA) to provide accurate information on prognosis to patients with advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to assess the effects of the IA on hope, psychosocial status, and perception of curability. Methods We developed the Japanese version of an IA, which provided information on survival and cure rates as well as numerical survival estimates for patients with metastatic NSCLC receiving first-line chemotherapy. We then assessed the pre- and post-intervention effects of the IA on hope, anxiety, and perception of curability and treatment benefits. Results A total of 20 (95%) of 21 patients (65% male; median age, 72 years) completed the IA pilot test. Based on the results, scores on the Distress and Impact Thermometer screening tool for adjustment disorders and major depression tended to decrease (from 4.5 to 2.5; P = 0.204), whereas no significant changes were seen in scores for anxiety on the Japanese version of the Support Team Assessment Schedule or in scores on the Hearth Hope Index (from 41.9 to 41.5; p = 0.204). The majority of the patients (16/20, 80%) had high expectations regarding the curative effects of chemotherapy. Conclusion The Japanese version of the IA appeared to help patients with NSCLC maintain hope, and did not increase their anxiety when they were given explicit prognostic information; however, the IA did not appear to help such patients understand the goal of chemotherapy. Further research is needed to test the findings in a larger sample and measure the outcomes of explicit prognostic information on hope, psychological status, and perception of curability.

Recruiting diverse participants for precision medicine (PM) research programs should overcome low literacy and varied expectations. Information aids (IA) can address these barriers through patient-centered education. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of three information aids (IA) on participating in PM. An experiment with 290 U.S. participants recruited from Mturk was conducted to compare the effects of three IAs on the outcomes related to participation. Three conditions included an interactive IA (i.e., providing PM-related information responding to each participant's questions), a static IA (i.e., providing uniform PM-related information), and a control condition (i.e., providing non-interactive information irrelevant to PM). Both interactive and non-interactive IAs increased attitudes and information-seeking intentions, but not knowledge or participation intention. Perceived control and responsiveness mediated the effects of interactive IA. Both interactive and static IAs supported enrollment efforts for PM through fostering attitudes and follow-up information-seeking. Increased perceived control and responsiveness are key to the effects of interactive IA. IAs provide effective education and enrollment support for PM. Interactive IA can respond to individuals' inquiries and control the learning process. • Interactive and static IAs improved attitudes and information-seeking intentions. • Interactive IA elevated perceptions of control and responsiveness than static IA. • Perceptions of control and responsiveness mediated the effects of interactive IA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discuses a study which assesses the efficacy of Sapere Migliora information aid (IA) in clinical practice for people diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS). Topics include the use of the MS Knowledge Questionnaire (MSKQ) and Hospital and Anxiety Depression Scale, the difference in the role preferences among people with MS (PwMS) in terms of decision making, and a table showing the comparison of the characteristics of the study's participants.

Objectives The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effectiveness of an information aid ( IA) on doctor's knowledge about the strengths and limitations of prostate-specific antigen/digital rectal examination (PSA/ DRE) testing, and to help doctors make better and more informed decisions about prostate cancer screening. Methods An online randomized trial among 45 doctors in Victoria's public health-care network that fulfilled CONSORT requirements was conducted. Participants were randomized to either immediate or delayed access to an online IA, and knowledge was compared across both groups at the conclusion of the trial. Results Doctors spent a mean time of 4:04 (95% confidence interval: 0.53-7:52) reading and completing the IA. Those who read IA were more knowledgeable (mean score out of 9, 7.45 versus 5.75, P < 0.0001). Potential harms and current literature findings were better recognized, as well as having a better understanding of what is meant by the term screening. Eighty-two per cent found that IA helped them understand prostate cancer screening, and 73% found it easy to understand. Conclusion The IA increased knowledge, took minimal time to complete and was found to be helpful in understanding prostate cancer screening. Practical implications The IA is an easy-to-access resource that improves knowledge regarding the strengths and limitations of the PSA/ DRE test for prostate cancer screening. Doctors who are unsure how to summarize the latest evidence should be directed towards the IA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patients report information deficits in the period surrounding diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS). We assessed the effectiveness of an add-on information aid for newly diagnosed MS patients.Methods: We randomly assigned 120 newly diagnosed MS patients from five Italian centres to diagnosis disclosure (current practice at the centre) or current practice plus information aid (ISRCTN81072971). The information aid consisted of a personal interview with a physician using a navigable compact disc and a take-home booklet. The primary composite endpoint was score in the highest tertile of MS knowledge and satisfaction with care questionnaires. Other endpoints were safety; treatment adherence; extra contacts/consultations; switching of care centre; and changes in Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Control Preference Scale scores.Results: At 1 month, 30/60 intervention and 8/60 control patients achieved the primary endpoint (odds ratio [OR] 6.5, 95% CI 2.6—16.0; p < 0.001; number needed to treat [NNT] 3). Figures at 6 months were 26/60 intervention and 11/60 control patients (OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.5—7.8; p = 0.04; NNT 4). There were no adverse events. No significant treatment effects were seen on secondary outcomes.Conclusion: The information aid was safe and significantly associated with attainment of the primary outcome at 1 and 6 months. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Abstract: Through experiments, this paper investigates the compatibility of information types with the diagnostic strategy in information aid. Compatibility with operator strategies is an important requirement for information aiding systems in nuclear power plants (NPPs). This paper used three typical types of information aids for MCR operators to investigate the effect of the aids on diagnostic strategies: “alarm (A),” “hypothesis on faults (H),” and “hypothesis on faults and expected symptoms (HS).” The experimental results indicate that the effectiveness of information aid types can vary, dependent on the strategies subjects employ. The results also show that the HS aid improved the diagnosis performance in the hypothesis-and-test strategy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Objective To develop and pilot study an information aid for women with a family history of breast cancer. Design, setting and participants The information aid, consisting of a booklet and audiotape, was developed by a multi-disciplinary team of health care professionals, breast cancer survivors and their relatives. Women with no personal history of breast cancer, on the waiting list for a familial breast cancer clinic at either of two centres, who could read English, were eligible for the pilot study which consisted of three sets of mailed questionnaires. Main outcome measures The baseline questionnaires included: demographic information: the Breast Cancer and Heredity Knowledge Scale (BCHK); psychological measures (the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory [STAI], Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale [CES-D] and an item about breast cancer worry), and an item about breast cancer risk perception. Immediately after reviewing the information aid, participants completed a satisfaction survey, the risk perception and cancer worry items and a checklist about their personal family history. The third set of questionnaires, completed 2–4 weeks after reviewing the aid, was identical to the first. Patients then attended their scheduled clinic visit and an objective hereditary breast cancer risk assessment was made by the genetic counselling team. Results and conclusions Of 97 eligible women who were contacted, 67 completed all three sets of questionnaires. Overall, women were very satisfied with the aid and 96% would recommend it to other women. There was a highly significant improvement in their knowledge scores after they reviewed the aid. Anxiety and depression did not change and there was a decline in breast cancer worry. Risk perception did not change significantly. Ninety per cent of women completed their personal family history checklist accurately. Several important improvements have been made in the information aid and it will now be evaluated in the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Without explicit prognostic information, patients may overestimate their life expectancy and make poor choices at the end of life. We sought to design the Japanese version of an information aid (IA) to provide accurate information on prognosis to patients with advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to assess the effects of the IA on hope, psychosocial status, and perception of curability. Methods: We developed the Japanese version of an IA, which provided information on survival and cure rates as well as numerical survival estimates for patients with metastatic NSCLC receiving first-line chemotherapy. We then assessed the pre- and post-intervention effects of the IA on hope, anxiety, and perception of curability and treatment benefits. Results: A total of 20 (95%) of 21 patients (65% male; median age, 72 years) completed the IA pilot test. Based on the results, scores on the Distress and Impact Thermometer screening tool for adjustment disorders and major depression tended to decrease (from 4.5 to 2.5; P = 0.204), whereas no significant changes were seen in scores for anxiety on the Japanese version of the Support Team Assessment Schedule or in scores on the Hearth Hope Index (from 41.9 to 41.5; p = 0.204). The majority of the patients (16/20, 80%) had high expectations regarding the curative effects of chemotherapy. Conclusion: The Japanese version of the IA appeared to help patients with NSCLC maintain hope, and did not increase their anxiety when they were given explicit prognostic information; however, the IA did not appear to help such patients understand the goal of chemotherapy. Further research is needed to test the findings in a larger sample and measure the outcomes of explicit prognostic information on hope, psychological status, and perception of curability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]